WIRED LANS: ETHERNET (CHAPTER 13) D) 10

1. __________ uses four twisted pairs. 10. In the Ethernet frame, the _______ field
A) 1000Base-LX contains error detection information.
B) 1000Base-T A) address
C) 1000Base-SX B) preamble
D) none of the above C) CRC
D) none of the above
2. 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX, and 1000Base-CX
use _________ block coding and ________ line 11. 100Base-T4 uses ________ line coding.
coding. A) 8B6T
A) 8B/10B; NRZ B) Manchester
B) 4B/5B; NRZ C) MLT-3
C) 8B/10B; MLT-3 D) NRZ
D) 4B/5B; MLT-3
12. ________uses long-wave 1310-nm single mode
3. _________ uses two fiber-optic cables. fiber.
A) 100Base-FX A) 10GBase-E
B) 100Base-T4 B) 10GBase-S
C) 100Base-TX C) 10GBase-L
D) none of the above D) none of the above

4. __________ uses two optical fibers and a short- 13. ______defines a protocol data unit (PDU) that
wave laser source. is somewhat similar to that of HDLC.
A) 1000Base-LX A) LLC
B) 1000Base-SX B) LLU
C) 1000Base-T C) MAC
D) none of the above D) none of the above

5. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of 14. 100Base-TX uses _________ block coding and
the Ethernet address 01011010 00010001 ________ line coding.
01010101 00011000 10101010 00001111? A) 8B/10B; NRZ
A) 5A:81:BA:81:AA:0F B) 4B/5B; MLT-3
B) 5A:11:55:18:AA:0F C) 4B/5B; NRZ
C) 5A:88:AA:18:55:F0 D) 8B/10B; MLT-3
D) 5A:18:5A:18:55:0F
15. The _____ sublayer is responsible for the
6. In Ethernet addressing, if all the bits are 1s, the operation of the CSMA/CD access method and
address is _________. framing.
A) multicast A) MAC
B) broadcast B) MII
C) unicast C) LLC
D) none of the above D) none of the above

7. If an Ethernet destination address is 16. _______ is the most widely used local area
07:01:02:03:04:05, then this is a ______ address. network protocol.
A) broadcast A) Token Bus
B) unicast B) Ethernet
C) multicast C) Token Ring
D) any of the above D) none of the above

8. Each station on an Ethernet network has a 17. In Ethernet addressing, if the least significant
unique _______ address imprinted on its network bit of the first byte is 1, the address is _________.
interface card (NIC). A) multicast
A) 48-bit B) broadcast
B) 32-bit C) unicast
C) 5-byte D) none of the above
D) none of the above
18. Gigabit Ethernet access methods include
9. Gigabit Ethernet has a data rate of _______ mode.
________Mbps. A) full-duplex
A) 10,000 B) half-duplex
B) 1000 C) both (a) and (b)
C) 100 D) neither (a) nor (b)
19. _________ uses four pairs of voice-grade, or 28. The purpose of the _______ is to provide flow
higher, twisted-pair cable. and error control for the upper-layer protocols that
A) 100Base-T4 actually demand these services.
B) 100Base-FX A) LLC
C) 100Base-TX B) LLU
D) none of the above C) MAC
D) none of the above
20. Standard Ethernet (10-Mbps) uses _______
encoding. 29. __________ uses two pairs of twisted-pair
A) AMI cable.
B) Manchester A) 100Base-T4
C) NRZ B) 100Base-TX
D) differential Manchester C) 100Base-FX
D) none of the above
21. In _________, auto negotiation allows two
devices to negotiate the mode or data rate of 30. ________ uses fiber-optic cable.
operation. A) 10Base2
A) Ten-Gigabit Ethernet B) 10Base-F
B) Gigabit Ethernet C) 10Base-T
C) Fast Ethernet D) 10Base5
D) Standard
31. In Ethernet addressing, if the least significant
22. If an Ethernet destination address is bit of the first byte is 0, the address is _________.
08:07:06:05:44:33, then this is a ______ address. A) broadcast
A) broadcast B) multicast
B) unicast C) unicast
C) multicast D) none of the above
D) any of the above
32. ________ uses 1550-mm single mode fiber.
23. ________ uses short-wave 850-nm multimode A) 10GBase-E
fiber. B) 10GBase-S
A) 10GBase-E C) 10GBase-L
B) 10GBase-L D) none of the above
C) 10GBase-S
D) none of the above 33. 1000Base-T uses ________ line coding.
A) MLT-3
24. Which of the following could not be an Ethernet B) 4D-PAM5
multicast destination? C) Manchester
A) 7B:AA:C1:23:45:32 D) 8B6T
B) 7C:56:21:1A:DE:F4
C) 83:32:21:21:4D:34 34. The maximum frame length for 10-Mbps
D) B7:7B:6C:DE:10:00 Ethernet is ________ bytes.
A) 1200
25. __________ uses thin coaxial cable. B) 1518
A) 10Base2 C) 1500
B) 10Base5 D) none of the above
C) 10Base-F
D) 10Base-T 35. The minimum frame length for 10-Mbps
Ethernet is _______bytes.
26. In the Ethernet, the _______field is actually A) 128
added at the physical layer and is not (formally) B) 80
part of the frame. C) 32
A) address D) none of the above
B) CRC
C) preamble 36. __________uses two optical fibers and a long-
D) none of the above wave laser source.
A) 1000Base-T
27. Fast Ethernet has a data rate of B) 1000Base-SX
________Mbps. C) 1000Base-LX
A) 10,000 D) none of the above
B) 1000
C) 100 37. The _______ layer of Ethernet consists of the
D) 10 LLC sublayer and the MAC sublayer.
A) network
B) data link
C) physical
D) none of the above

38. 100Base-FX uses _________ block coding and

________ line coding.
A) 8B/10B; NRZ
B) 4B/5B; MLT-3
C) 8B/10B; MLT-3
D) 4B/5B; NRZ-I

39. Which of the following could not be an Ethernet

unicast destination?
A) 46:56:21:1A:DE:F4
B) 43:7B:6C:DE:10:00
C) 48:32:21:21:4D:34
D) 44:AA:C1:23:45:32

40. _________ uses thick coaxial cable.

A) 10Base2
B) 10Base5
C) 10Base-F
D) 10Base-T

41. The IEEE 802.3 Standard defines _________

CSMA/CD as the access method for first-generation
10-Mbps Ethernet.
A) non-persistent
B) p-persistent
C) 1-persistent
D) none of the above

42. _________ uses four twisted-pair cables that

connect each station to a common hub.
A) 10Base-F
B) 10Base-T
C) 10Base5
D) 10Base2
REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. How is the preamble field different from the SFD field?

2. What is the purpose of an NIC?
3. What is the difference between a unicast, multicast, and broadcast address?
4. What are the advantages of dividing an Ethernet LAN with a bridge?
5. What is the relationship between a switch and a bridge?
6. Why is there no need for CSMAlCD on a full-duplex Ethernet LAN?
7. Compare the data rates for Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet.
8. What are the common Standard Ethernet implementations?
9. What are the common Fast Ethernet implementations?
10. What are the common Gigabit Ethernet implementations?
11. What are the common Ten-Gigabit Ethernet implementations?

REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. The preamble is a 56-bit field that provides an alert and timing pulse. It is added to the frame at the
physical layer and is not formally part of the frame. SFD is a one-byte field that serves as a flag.

2. An NIC provides an Ethernet station with a 6-byte physical address. Most of the physical and data-link layer
duties are done by the NIC.

3. A multicast address identifies a group of stations; a broadcast address identifies all stations on the network.
A unicast address identifies one of the addresses in a group.

4. A bridge can raise the bandwidth and separate collision domains.

5. A layer-2 switch is an N-port bridge with additional sophistication that allows faster handling of packets.

6. In a full-duplex Ethernet, each station can send data without the need to sense the line.

7. The rates are as follows:

Standard Ethernet: 10 Mbps

Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet: 1 Gbps
Ten-Gigabit Ethernet: 10 Gbps

8. The common traditional Ethernet implementations are 10Base5, 10Base2, 10-Base-T, and 10Base-F.

9. The common Fast Ethernet implementations are 100Base-TX, 100Base-FX, and 100Base-T4.

10. The common Gigabit Ethernet implementations are 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX, 1000Base-CX, and
1000Base-T.

11. The common Ten-Gigabit Ethernet implementations are 10GBase-S, 10GBase-L, and 10GBase-E.

EXERCISES

12. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the following Ethernet address?

01011010 00010001 01010101 00011000 10101010 00001111

13. How does the Ethernet address lA:2B:3CAD:5E:6F appear on the line in binary?
14. If an Ethernet destination address is 07:01:02:03:04:05, what is the type of the address (unicast,
multicast, or broadcast)?
15. The address 43:7B:6C:DE: 10:00 has been shown as the source address in an Ethernet frame. The
receiver has discarded the frame. Why?
16. An Ethernet MAC sublayer receives 42 bytes of data from the upper layer. How many bytes of padding
must be added to the data?
17. An Ethernet MAC sublayer receives 1510 bytes of data from the upper layer. Can the data be encapsulated
in one frame? If not, how many frames need to be sent? What is the size of the data in each frame?
18. What is the ratio of useful data to the entire packet for the smallest Ethernet frame? What is the ratio for
the largest frame?
19. Suppose the length of a lOB ase5 cable is 2500 m. If the speed of propagation in a thick coaxial cable is
200,000,000 m!s, how long does it take for a bit to travel from the beginning to the end of the network?
Assume there are 10 /ls delay in the equipment.
20. The data rate of lOBase5 is 10 Mbps. How long does it take to create the smallest frame? Show your
calculation.

EXERCISES ANSWERS

12. We interpret each four-bit pattern as a hexadecimal digit. We then group the hexadecimal digits with a
colon between the pairs:
5A:11:55:18:AA:0F

13. The bytes are sent from left to right. However, the bits in each byte are sent from the least significant
(rightmost) to the most significant (leftmost). We have shown the bits with spaces between bytes for
readability, but we should remember that that bits are sent without gaps. The arrow shows the direction of
movement.

← 01011000 11010100 00111100 11010010 01111010 1111011010 11110110

14. The first byte in binary is 00000111. The least significant bit is 1. This means that the pattern defines a
multicast address.

15. The first byte in binary is 01000011. The least significant bit is 1. This means that the pattern defines a
multicast address. A multicast address can be a destination address, but not a source address. Therefore, the
receiver knows that there is an error, and discards the packet.

16. The minimum data size in the Standard Ethernet is 46 bytes. Therefore, we need to add 4 bytes of
padding to the data (46 − 42 = 4)

17. The maximum data size in the Standard Ethernet is 1500 bytes. The data of 1510 bytes, therefore, must
be split between two frames. The standard dictates that the first frame must carry the maximum possible
number of bytes (1500); the second frame then needs to carry only 10 bytes of data (it requires padding). The
following shows the breakdown:

Data size for the first frame: 1500 bytes

Data size for the second frame: 46 bytes (with padding)

18. The smallest Ethernet frame is 64 bytes and carries 46 bytes of data (and possible padding). The largest
Ethernet frame is 1518 bytes and carries 1500 bytes of data. The ratio is (data size) / (frame size) in percent.
We can then answer the question as follows:

Smallest Frame Frame size = 64 Data size ≤ 46 Ratio ≤ 71.9%

Largest Frame Frame size =1518 Data size=1500 Ratio = 98.8%

19. We can calculate the propagation time as t = (2500 m) / (200,000.000) = 12.5 μs. To get the total delay,
we need to add propagation delay in the equipment (10 μs). This results in T = 22.5 μs.

20. The smallest frame is 64 bytes or 512 bits. With a data rate of 10 Mbps, we have

This means that the time required to send the smallest frame is the same at the maximum time required to detect the
collision.