Jovan Felip S. Cañedo.

ABM-M12C
Jiffer Emmanuel P. Magante

According to the Pulsating universe theory, the universe expands and contracts in cycles, with
each cycle being typified by a "bounce" from a hot, dense state to a cold, sparse one and back.
According to this idea, the universe undergoes an endless cycle of expansions and contractions
rather than having a real beginning or finish. Cosmological microwave background radiation
studies, which demonstrate homogeneity and isotropy consistent with a hot, dense early
cosmos that experienced fast expansion, provide evidence in favor of this theory.

A key piece of evidence for the Pulsating Universe Theory is the (CMBR) Cosmic Microwave
Background Radiation. Which is the faint glow of electromagnetic radiation left over from the Big
Bang that permeates the whole cosmos. The densities of both light and matter had to drop as
the cosmos expanded because their combined mass had to occupy an ever-increasing expanse
of space. However, as space expanded, so did the waves of light that passed across it.

There's also other information about theoretical theories, which include brane cosmology and
this claim that the universe has evolved throughout cycles of expansion and contraction. This
theory illustrates how our universe might represent an element of multiple higher-dimensional
spaces that will result in the universe's recurring contraction and expansion. Last evidence for
the universe's expansion is the redshift, the phenomenon where light from far-off objects in the
universe appears to be pushed towards longer (redder) wavelengths, indicating that the objects
are moving away from the observer.

In conclusion, the Pulsating Universe Theory indicates that the development of the universe
wasn't a single occurrence, instead being an ongoing process of expansion and contraction and
Big Bang theory presents a comprehensive explanation for the creation of the universe as well
as its early evolution, the Pulsating Universe Theory broadens our knowledge from showing
which Universe could go through repeated cycles of change, explaining the constantly changing
and intricate makeup of our universe
Bibliography:
● Academy, Z. (2022, January 7). What is the Pulsating Universe Theory? -
Science by Zeba Academy - Medium. Medium.
https://medium.com/zeba-academy/what-is-the-pulsating-universe-theory-b00a7f
018ef1
● The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024, January 11). Redshift | Definition
& Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/redshift
● Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation | AMNH. (n.d.). American Museum of
Natural History.
https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/cosmic-horizons-book/c
osmic-microwave-background-radiation