Acknowledgments

The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the
permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of
all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy
to include the appropriate acknowledgments on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as
applicable.

Key: U = Unit.

Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images:

U1: Alistair Berg/Digitalvision; Oliver Furrer/Cultura; Thomas Barwick/Digitalvision; Evgenyatamanenko/Istock; Luis

Alvarez/Digitalvision; Andreypopov/Istock; Kali9/E+; Kiyoshi Hijiki/Moment; Andersen Ross; Stock-Eye/E+;
Shotbydave/E+; Drazen/E+; Sandy Potere/Eyeem; Urbazon/E+; Hinterhaus Productions/Digitalvision;
Terraxplorer/E+; Tetra Images; Carlina Teteris/Moment RF; Prostock-Studio/Istock; Ariel Skelley/Blend
Images/Digital Vision; Coffeeyu/E+; Fstop123/E+; John M Lund Photography Inc/Digitalvision; Lorado/E+; Jose Luis
Pelaez Inc/Digitalvision; Peopleimages/E+; John And Tina Reid/Moment; Fatcamera/E+; Momo
Productions/Digitalvision; Luminola/E+; Solstock/E+; Fizkes/Istock; Nipitphon Na Chiangmai/Eyeem/Eyeem; Plume
Creative/Digitalvision; Extreme Media/E+; Aideen Mcf Photography/Moment; Fotografiabasica/Istock;
Jimmyfam/E+; Nipitphon Na Chiangmai/Eyeem; Aleksandargeorgiev/E+; Maskot; Onufriyenko/Moment;
Viewapart/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Dglimages/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images;
JGI/Jamie Grill/Blend Images; Eugenio Marongiu/Cultura; Reimphoto/Istock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; Soren
Hald/Cultura; Daniel Milchev/The Image Bank; Indeed; 10'000 Hours/Digitalvision; Betsie Van Der
Meer/Digitalvision; Adie Bush/Cultura; Vyacheslav Dumchev/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Korrawin Khanta/Eyeem;
Neustockimages/E+; David Sacks/Photodisc; Andersen Ross/Digitalvision; SDI Productions/E+; Hill Street
Studios/Blend Images; Julnichols/E+; Belterz/E+; Tetra Images - Mike Kemp/Brand X Pictures; Simonkr/E+; Digital
Vision./Photodisc; Westend61; Corey Jenkins/Image Source; Jon Feingersh Photography Inc/Digitalvision;
Gu/Cultura; A-Clip; Damircudic/E+; Todd Warnock/Digitalvision; Ridofranz/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Inti St
Clair/Blend Images; Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images; U2: Fuse/Corbis; Petri Oeschger/Istock; Peepo/E+; Herr
Loeffler/Istockphoto; Fotografiabasica/Istock; Henrik Jonsson/Istockphoto; Vm/E+; Azmanjaka/E+;
Alenapaulus/Istock; South_Agency/E+; Popovaphoto/Istock; Johnnygreig/E+; Ibrahim Sahin/Eyeem; Ashley Corbin-
Teich/Image Source; Luca D'addezio/Eyeem; Brat_Pikachu/Istock; Richard Newstead/Moment; Yagi
Studio/Digitalvision; Mixetto/E+; Luis Alvarez/Digitalvision; Biljana Nikolic/Eyeem; Rosemary Calvert/Stone; Tony
Garcia/Photodisc; Simon Mcgill/Moment; Heshphoto/Image Source; Jeffrey Coolidge/Stone;
Wiredtoseephotography/Moment; Parema/E+; Ryanjlane/E+; Cavan Images/Cavan; Double_P/E+; Sam
Edwards/OJO Images; Prostock-Studio/Istock; Tadamichi/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Pictafolio/E+; Johnrob/E+;
Betsie Van Der Meer/Taxi; Dave And Les Jacobs/Blend Images; Chris Collins/Corbis; Fotog; Penguenstok/E+;
T_Kimura/E+; Siede Preis/Photographer's Choice RF; Vetas/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Michael H/Digitalvision;
Bgwalker/E+; Olivia Collins/Eyeem; Lubilub/E+; David Cabrera/Moment; Cavan Images; Hinterhaus
Productions/Digitalvision; Nruedisueli/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Digitalvision;
Golibo/Istock/Getty Images Plus; JGI/Jamie Grill; Westend61; Lumpynoodles/Digitalvision Vectors;
Tadamichi/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Image Source; Hanieriani/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Ryanking999/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Yuri_Arcurs/E+; Pictafolio/E+; Bloom Productions/Digitalvision; Miniature/Digitalvision Vectors;
David_Bodescu/Istock/Getty Images Plus; U3: Alexander Spatari/Moment; Romanbabakin/Istock; Tim
Bird/Moment; Eugenesergeev/Istock; Jim Zuckerman/The Image Bank; BSIP/UIG; Ayhan Altun/Moment;
Lordrunar/E+; Fhm/Moment; Swetta/E+; Katrin Ray Shumakov; Dlewis33/E+; Florian Khler/Eyeem; Izusek/E+;
Owen Franken/The Image Bank Unreleased; Matthias Rohrberg/Istock; Gerenme/Istock; Mrak_Hr/Istock;
Isbjorn/E+; Julian Elliott Photography/Stone; South_Agency/Istock; Mpkphoto/Istock; Alexander Spatari/Moment;
Andrea Pistolesi/Stone; Ayhan Altun/Moment; John Coletti/The Image Bank; Brian Kennedy/Moment Open;
Pavliha/Istock; Vm/E+; Vostok/Moment; Ariel Skelley/Digitalvision; Aydinmutlu/E+; Kaveh Kazemi/Getty Images
News; Jacobh/Istock; Peepo/Istock/Getty Images Plus; BJI/Blue Jean Images/; Lisa-Blue/E+; Simonkr/E+; Bruce
Yuanyue Bi/Lonely Planet Images; Chris Hondros/Getty Images News; Photoalto/Ale Ventura; Robert
Daly/Caiaimage; Chris Cheadle/All Canada Photos; Drbimages/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Tim Robberts/Stone;
Peathegee Inc; HAO/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Neil Holmes/Photolibrary; Alexsava/E+; Andrew Holt/The Image
Bank; Tdub303/E+; Ferrantraite/E+; Paapa Kwasi Gyamfi-Aidoo/Eyeem; Westend61; Urbazon/Istock/Getty Images
Plus; Chris Hackett/Tetra Images; Rocky89/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Frankvandenbergh/E+; Gail
Shotlander/Moment; Richard Schafer/Eyeem; Dan Dalton/Caiaimage; Tempura/E+; John Su/500px; Skynesher/E+;
Yuri_Arcurs/Digitalvision Vectors; Scyther5/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Sukanya Sitthikongsak/Moment;
Michaelpuche/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Jackal Pan/Moment; Cnythzl/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Peopleimages/E+;
Antonio Saba/Cultura; U4: Luis Alvarez/Digitalvision; Monkeybusinessimages/Istock; Antonio_Diaz/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Jonathansloane/E+; Anastasia Gapeeva/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Alessandroguerriero/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Mdesigner125/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Dszc/E+; Georgeclerk/E+; Pam Susemiehl/Moment;
Supergenijalac/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Ignasi_Martn/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Tomasz Śmigla/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Sladic/E+; Westend61; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Digitalvision; SDI Productions/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Monkeybusinessimages/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Kmatta/Moment; Gpointstudio/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Marie
Wurm/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Andresr/E+; Chaichan Pramjit/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Peopleimages/E+;
Ljupco/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; Moyo Studio/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Fuse/Corbis; Jeffbergen/E+;
BJI/Blue Jean Images; Flashpop/Digitalvision; Fizkes/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images;
Nicolasmccomber/E+; Microstockhub/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Mlenny/E+; Monkeybusinessimages/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Skynesher/E+; Maskot; Tim Robberts/Digitalvision; Katja Kircher/Maskot; Eternity In An Instant/Stone;
Andrewrafalsky/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Kelvin Murray/Stone; Auriminogue/Istock Editorial/Getty Images Plus;
Tony Hopewell/The Image Bank; David Pereiras/Eyeem; Alvarez/E+; U5: Stuartbur/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Catherine Ledner/Stone; Westend61; Casarsaguru/Istock/Getty Images Plus; SDI Productions/E+; Robin
Skjoldborg/Image Source; Antonioguillem/Istock; Vitpho/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Mangostar_Studio/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Antonioguillem/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Floresco Productions/OJO Images; Robert Kneschke/Eyeem;
Klaus Tiedge; Davidf/E+; Willie B. Thomas/Digitalvision; Skynesher/E+; Prostock-Studio/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Kevin Trimmer/Moment; Peopleimages/E+; Mikroman6/Moment; Srdjanns74/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Choness/Istock/Getty Images Plus; John Henley; Peopleimages/E+; Dean Espach/Eyeem; Christian Thomas/Cultura;
Julien Speranza/Eyeem; Mint Images - Bill Miles/Mint Images RF; Alexander Medvedev/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Ahmettozar/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Eugenio Marongiu/Cultura; Szabo Ervin-Edward/Eyeem; Carlo A/Moment;
Snap Decision/Photographer's Choice RF; Friedrich Schmidt/Photographer's Choice; Valentinrussanov/E+; Doug
Armand/Photographer's Choice; Hello World/Stone; Elisaveta Ivanova/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Rainer Von
Brandis/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Peter Cade/Stone; Phanuwat Nandee/Eyeem; Patricia Hamilton/Moment; Paul
Bradbury/OJO Images; Monkeybusinessimages/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Andersen Ross Photography
Inc/Digitalvision; JGI/Jamie Grill; Reza Estakhrian/Digitalvision; Highwaystarz-Photography/Istock/Getty Images
Plus; Ryan Mcvay/Photodisc; Jordan Siemens/Stone; Arsenik/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Sanjeri/E+;
Hirurg/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Franckreporter/E+; Johnnygreig/E+; Viewstock; Tim Grist Photography/Moment;
James Woodson/Photodisc; Mint Images RF; Johnnygreig/E+; Kali9/E+; U6: Leo Ang/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Witthaya Prasongsin/Moment; Luminola/E+; Keystone/Hulton Archive; Jose A. Bernat Bacete/Moment;
Chrispig/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Richard I'Anson/The Image Bank Unreleased; Klaptoman/Istock/Getty Images
Plus; Georgeclerk/E+; Ernesto R. Ageitos/Moment; Levi Bianco/Moment; Martin Puddy/Stone; Leisa
Tyler/Lightrocket; Ppampicture/E+; Sturti/E+; Avalon/Universal Images Group; Fly View Productions/E+; Milan
Markovic/E+; Gcshutter/E+; Shiho Fukada/Moment; Wojtek Zagorski/Moment; Georgijevic/E+; Dave & Les
Jacobs/Digitalvision; Swissmediavision/E+; Martin-Dm/E+; Siriwat Nakha/Eyeem; Helen King/Corbis; Paul
Bradbury/OJO Images; LWA/Stone; Elva Etienne/Moment; Scharfsinn86/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Brillianteye/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Monkeybusinessimages/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Monstarrr/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Tetra Images/Brand X Pictures; Xavierarnau/E+; Chavalit Likitratcharoen/Eyeem; Daria
Botieva/Eyeem; Cliqueimages/Photodisc; Darthart/Istock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; Xavierarnau/Creatas Video;
Xin He/The Image Bank; Dmytro Ponomarenko/Eyeem; Xinzheng/Moment; Liyao Xie/Moment; Dkar Images; Feifei
Cui-Paoluzzo/Moment; Michael Dunning/The Image Bank; Amnat Buakaew/Eyeem; Kevin Frayer/Getty Images
News; Matt Frost/Robertharding; Yorkfoto/E+; View Pictures/Universalimages Group; Maggie
Oehlbeck/Photolibrary; Image_Source_/Cultura; Tsuji/E+; Hitoshi Nishimura/The Image Bank;
Fotostorm/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Klaus Vedfelt/Digitalvision; Fotosearch; Richard Cummins/Lonely Planet
Images; Triloks/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Kali9/E+; Travelgame/Lonely Planet Images; U7: Flashpop/Digitalvision;
Fuse/Corbis; Cyano66/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Tetra Images; Eleonora Cecchini/Moment; Geoff
Manasse/Photographer's Choice RF; Aarstudio/Istock/Getty Images Plus; View Stock; Nick White/Digitalvision;
Antenna; Lawrence Manning/Stone; Cimmerian/E+; Maria Teresa Tovar Romero/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Tiago_Fernandez/Istock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; Andy Sheppard/Redferns; SDI Productions/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Catherine Delahaye/Digitalvision; Claudia Burlotti/The Image Bank; Tim Roney/Hulton Archive; G-
Stockstudio/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Eric Audras/Onoky; Baloom Studios/Moment; Miodrag Ignjatovic/E+; Robert
Lang Photography/Moment Open; Guruxoox/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Glowimages; Mladen_Kostic/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Bertrandb/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Maryviolet/Istock/Getty Images Plus; JGI/Jamie Grill; Caspar
Benson; Vm/E+; Hill Street Studios/Digitalvision; South_Agency/E+; Morsa Images/Digitalvision;
Lightfieldstudios/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Oddball Film & Video/Photodisc; Simpson33/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
T_Kimura/E+; Caiaimage/Sam Edwards; Hero Images; Peopleimages/E+; Przemyslaw Klos/Eyeem; Hybrid
Images/Cultura; Sturti/E+; Cavan Images; Kali9/E+; Phil Payne Photography/Moment; U8:
Elizabethsalleebauer/Room; Kosamtu/E+; Paul Bradbury/OJO Images; Luca Sage/Stone; Maskot; Lechatnoir/E+;
Yellow Dog Productions/The Image Bank; Franckreporter/E+; Seksan Mongkhonkhamsao/Moment; Fstop123/E+;
Hinterhaus Productions/Digitalvision; Latitudestock - Justin Williams/Gallo Images; Mapodile/E+; Andresr/E+;
Gorodenkoff/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Lovro77/E+; Marc Romanelli; Oscar Wong/Moment; Liam Norris/Cultura;
Peopleimages/E+; Gilaxia/E+; All Rights Reserved By Oscar Wong/Moment; Steex/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Peter
Cade/Stone; Bouillante/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Aldomurillo/E+; Tim Robberts/Stone; Petri Oeschger/Moment;
Nikada/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Mixmike/E+; Milkos/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; Lacheev/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Plume Creative/Digitalvision; Justin Lewis/Stone; Richard Drury/Digitalvision; South_Agency/E+;
Antonio_Diaz/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Fstop123/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; Lifestylevisuals/E+; John
Giustina/The Image Bank; Recep-Bg/E+; Rawpixel/Istock/Getty Images Plus; JGI/Jamie Grill/Blend Images; Hill
Street Studios/Blend Images; Pcess609/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Hero Images; Caiaimage/Caiaimage/Robert
Daly/OJO+; Agustin Vai/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Fotostorm/E+; Izusek/E+; Medianews Group/Boulder Daily
Camera Via Getty Images; Sunshine Seeds/Istock Editorial; Marcus Lindstrom/E+; Pixelseffect/E+;
Seventyfour/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Dirk Lindner/Cultura; Owngarden/Moment; U9: Simon Ritzmann/The Image
Bank; Westend61; Kwanchai Lerttanapunyaporn/Eyeem; Ishii Koji/Digitalvision; 10'000 Hours/Digitalvision; Luis
Alvarez/Digitalvision; Sean Gladwell/Moment; Chris Ryan/OJO Images; Tetra Images - Henryk Sadura/Brand X
Pictures; Avosb/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Dann Tardif/Corbis; Reza Estakhrian/The Image Bank; Simonkr/E+; Steve
Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Science Photo Library; Ridofranz/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Rawf8/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Andresr/E+; Baona/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Stockplanets/E+; Ariel
Skelley/Digitalvision; Prasit Photo/Moment; Blend Images - Chris Sattlberger; Momo Productions/Digitalvision;
Praetorianphoto/E+; Nikola Ilic/E+; David Sacks/Digitalvision; Hill Street Studios/Digitalvision; Jetta Productions
Inc/Digitalvision; Dougal Waters/Digitalvision; Tattywelshie/E+; Fiona Jackson-Downes/Cultura; Image Source;
Undefined Undefined/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Jamie Grill; Morsa Images/Digitalvision; Jason Carr/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Rainer Von Brandis/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Monty Rakusen/Cultura; Alvarez/E+; Xavierarnau/E+;
Maskot; SDI Productions/E+; Miljko/E+; Hero Images; Azmanjaka/E+; Erik Isakson; SDI Productions/E+;
Coolpicture/Moment; Fatcamera/E+; Solstock/E+; U10: Peter Cade/Stone; Dragonimages/Istock/Getty Images
Plus; Parinya Takruad/Eyeem; Zero Creatives/Image Source; Stevecoleimages/E+; Tomophotography/Moment
Open; Solstock/E+; Larry Williams/Stone; Sean De Burca/The Image Bank; Fadyukhin/E+; Peopleimages/E+; Buena
Vista Images/Stone; Peter Dazeley/The Image Bank; Kwangmoozaa/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Chris
Hepburn/Digitalvision; Richard Drury/Stone; Nikolay Bobrovskiy/Eyeem; Jessicaphoto/E+; Taitai6769/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Steffen Tretschok/Eyeem; Aywan88/E+; Riccardo Livorni/Eyeem; Hanh Vy Nguyen/Eyeem; Yu
Sun/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Sjo/Istock Unreleased; Cezary Wojtkowski/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Gonzalo
Azumendi/Stone; Schafer & Hill/Moment Mobile; BJI/Blue Jean Images; Oliver Rossi/Stone; Nick David/Stone;
Noderog/E+; Monty Rakusen/Cultura; Valerio Gualandi/Eyeem; Wagnerokasaki/E+; Thomas_Eyedesign/E+;
Maskot; Marietdebs/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Chaosamran_Studio/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
MCCAIG/Istock/Getty Images Plus; LPETTET/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Astronaut Images/Caiaimage;
Marynavoronova/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Peanut8481/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Andreypopov/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Miguel Sotomayor/Moment; Rohappy/Istock/Getty Images Plus; K.C. Alfred/Moment; Morsa
Images/Digitalvision; John_Kasawa/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Anikasalsera/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Fcafotodigital/E+; Lcs813/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Liam Norris/Cultura; Siphotography/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
White Packert/The Image Bank; Grzegorz Wozniak/Eyeem; Goldfinch4ever/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Ericferguson/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Corbis; Zolotaosen/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Yangphoto/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Dejankolar/E+; Srinrat Wuttichaikitcharoen/Eyeem; Peter M. Fisher/The Image Bank;
Akintevs/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Targovcom/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Aksonov/E+; Jamie Grill;
Tgordievskaya/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Halfpoint/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Claylib/E+; Nuwatphoto/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Yulkapopkova/E+; U11: Mikolette/E+; Hxyume/E+; Luminola/E+; Lilly Roadstones/Digitalvision;
Christoph Jorda/The Image Bank; Ryan Mcvay/Photodisc; Hobo_018/E+; Cultura Exclusive/Ken Kiefer 2/Publisher
Mix; Jackstar/Image Source; Apostoli Rossella/Moment; Sam Edwards/OJO Images; Fotok0t/Istock/Getty Images
Plus; Iuliia Isaieva/Moment; Buena Vista Images/Stone; Alex Eggermont/Image Source; Altrendo Images/Juice
Images; Elfart/E+; Emiliano Granado; Yangyang/Moment; Pietro Ebner/Eyeem; Henn Photography/Cultura; This
And Future Editions; Andrew Watson/Photolibrary; Image Source; David Zaitz/The Image Bank; Ryersonclark/E+;
Beau Lark/Corbis/VCG; Serezniy/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Kelvin Murray/Stone; Mark Edward Atkinson; John
Fedele/The Image Bank; Arno Images/Cultura; Spaces Images/Blend Images; Svetikd/E+; Maskot; 4x6/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Rosemary Calvert/Stone; SDI Productions/E+; 97/E+; Gabrielpevide/Istock/Getty Images Plus; 10'000
Hours/Digitalvision; Jonathansloane/E+; JGI/Jamie Grill; Thomas Barwick/Stone; Photoalto/Frederic
Cirou/Photoalto Agency RF Collections; Westend61; Kelvin Lam/Eyeem; Levi Bianco/Moment; U12:
Ferrerivideo/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Kelly Moorosi/Eyeem; Colin Hawkins/Cultura; JGI/Jamie Grill;
Fizkes/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Allnikart/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Wallybird/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Chuyn/E+;
Portra/E+; Klaus Vedfelt/Digitalvision; Mint Images/Mint Images RF; David Papazian/Photographer's Choice RF;
Steve Smith; Peter Cade/Stone; Andreypopov/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Adam Gault/OJO Images; Mint Images;
PJB/Photodisc; Gualtiero Boffi/Eyeem; Vchal/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Jessica Peterson; Jodijacobson/E+;
Tommaso79/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Plasticboystudio/Moment; Jacobs Stock Photography Ltd/Digitalvision;
Franckreporter/E+; Hispanolistic/E+; February/Moment; Hisaki Hirose/Eyeem; Eric Kulin/Design Pics; Dong-Won
Gim/Eyeem; Elena Nikoncuk/Eyeem; Peter Dazeley/The Image Bank; Florian May/Eyeem; Marioguti/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Westend61; Fstop123/E+; Daniel Grill; Jason Hosking/The Image Bank; Kali9/E+; Solskin/Digitalvision;
Viewstock; Izusek/E+; Skynesher/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Rubberball/Verve+; Primeimages/Creatas Video;
Constantinis/Creatas Video; Yelena Khayrullina/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Monkeybusinessimages/Istock/Getty
Images Plus; Roschetzkyistockphoto/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Nick David/Taxi; PJB/Photodisc; Hello
Africa/Digitalvision; Brand X Pictures/Digitalvision; Ben Gingell/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Sturti/E+; Sally
Anscombe/Digitalvision; Maskot/Digitalvision; Riska/E+; Jaris Ho/Moment; Cavan Images; Alistair
Berg/Digitalvision; SDI Productions/E+.

The following photographs are sourced from other sources.

U5: © Bell Media Inc.; © Cecilia Wessels.

Illustrations
U7: Ana Djordjevic (Astound US).

Videos
The following video clips are sourced from Getty Images.

U1: Todchamp/Creatas Video; Bakal/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Froomer Pictures Ltd./Verve;
Sunreel/Verve; Roy JAMES Shakespeare/Digitalvision; Hirunyaphornkul/Creatas Video; Yodiyim/Creatas Video;
Adaman/Creatas Video; Bojsa/Creatas Video; Laurence Dutton/Creatas Video; Multi-Bits/Image Bank Film;
Jupiterimages/Jupiterfootage; Stopinmotion/Image Bank Film; Laurence Dutton/Creatas Video;
Filmcoloratstudio/Vetta; Reeldealhd Ltd/Verve+; Stewart Cohen Pictures/Digitalvision; Studio DB/Photodisc;
Tuiphotoengineer/Creatas Video; Stock Footage, Inc./Digitalvision; Stock Footage, Inc./Digitalvision;
Lisa-Blue/Vetta; Comprimido/Creatas Video; Pidjoe/Creatas Video; Roy JAMES Shakespeare/Digitalvision; U3:
Schroptschop/Vetta; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Reeldealhd Ltd./Verve+; Gilaxia/Creatas Video;
Yuri_Arcurs/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Vetta; Pekic/Creatas Video; Gilaxia/Creatas Video; Casarsaguru/Vetta;
Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Solstock/Creatas Video; Andresr/Vetta; Kali9/Creatas Video; Steve
Debenport/Vetta; Steve Debenport/Creatas Video; Alex Potemkin/Creatas Video; Simonkr/Vetta; Gilaxia/Vetta;
Steve Debenpor/Creatas Video; Stockboutique/Creatas Video; Gilaxia/Vetta; U4: Caiafilm; Johnce/Creatas Video;
Skynesher/Vetta; Marc Romanelli/Image Bank Film: Signature; Xavierarnau/Creatas Video; John Scrivener/Creatas
Video; Freemixer/Creatas Video; Contentworks/Creatas Video; Thomas Barwick/One80: Signature; Steve
Debenport/Creatas Video; Steve Debenport/Creatas Video; Image Source Ltd/Jupiterfootage; Steve
Debenport/Creatas Video; Manaemedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Steve Debenport/Creatas Video;
Fatcamera/Vetta; Caiafilm/Creatas Video; Simonkr/Creatas Video; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video;
Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Majamitrovic/Creatas Video; Filmcoloratstudio/Vetta; Kupicoo/Creatas Video;
Multifocus/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U5: Rubberball/Verve+; Lpettet/Creatas Video; Tawattiw/Creatas
Video; Beeldbewerking/Creatas Video; 1001slide/Creatas Video; Goodsport.Video/Digitalvision; Francesco
Riccardo Iacomino/Moment Video RF; Gallo Images/ACTIVE BLUE PRODUCTIONS/Digital Vision;
Just2shutter/Creatas Video; Loveguli/Creatas Video; Mstudioimages/Creatas Video; Eyal Bartov/Verve+;
Simonskafar/Creatas Video; Basketman23/Creatas Video; Razberry/Creatas Video; Allo Images/Richard Atkinson
Enterprises/Photodisc; Bill Bachmann/Photodisc; Beeldbewerking/Creatas Video; Thisnight/Creatas Video;
Jessikla/Creatas Video; Martin-Dm/Creatas Video; Aitor Diago/Moment Video RF; Catapult/Catapult; KIVILCIM
PINAR/Creatas Video; U6: Yongyuan/Creatas Video; Hal Bergman/Photodisc; Goranq/Creatas Video;
Rubberball/Verve+; Academic Media Network/Verve+; Antorti/Vetta; Xavierarnau/Creatas Video Simonkr/Vetta;
Schroptschop/Creatas Video; Toshi Sasaki/Photodisc Filmcoloratstudio/Vetta; ©Fitopardo.Com/Moment Video RF;
Artbeats; Saha Entertainment/Digitalvision; Rubberball/Verve+; Robin Skjoldborg/Photodisc;
Multi-Bits/Digitalvision; Stocklapse/Moment Video RF; Spoonfilm/Moment Video RF; Sam O'Hare/Moment Video
RF; Jgalione/Vetta; Blend Motion/Verve+; Slerpy/Creatas Video; Solstock/Vetta; U7: Onuroner/Creatas Video;
Filmcoloratstudio/Creatas Video; Purplevideos/Creatas Video; Gabriel-M/Creatas Video; Filmcoloratstudio/Creatas
Video; Andresr/Vetta; Komisar/Creatas Video; Selimaksan/Creatas Video; Oddball Film & Video/Photodisc;
Komisar/Creatas Video; Silverwell Films/Archive Films: Creative; Pronto8000/Creatas Video/Getty Images Plus;
Sunweitao/Creatas Video; Selamiozalp/Creatas Video; Mageed/Creatas Video; Mageed/Creatas Video; Archive
Films; Komisar/Vetta; Slo-Pro/Creatas Video; Komisar/Creatas Video; Petrified Films/Archive Films: Creative;
Fehimeren/Creatas Video; Fjcnolivei/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Majamitrovic/Creatas Video; Reeldealhd
Ltd./Verve+; Gilaxia/Vetta; Fehimeren/Creatas Video; Imagesbazaar/Photolibrary Video; U8: Ianmcdonnell/Creatas
Video; Mgost/Vetta; Christine Schmitthenner/Moment Video RF; Fatcamera/Vetta; Spiderstock/Creatas Video;
Spyderskidoo/Creatas Video; Ariel Skelley/Verve+; Simonskafar/Creatas Video; Yucelyilmaz/Vetta; Chris
Sattlberger/Digitalvision; Mgost/Creatas Video; Fatcamera/Creatas Video; Caiafilm; Sedel/Creatas Video+/Getty
Images Plus; Carpinxo/Creatas Video; Carpinxo/Creatas Video; Staticnak1983/Creatas Video; U9: Ariel
Skelley/Iconica Video: Signature; Kali9/Vetta; Fatcamera/Vetta; Ariel Skelley/Verve+; Thisnight/Creatas Video;
Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Gawrav/Vetta; Gawrav/Vetta; Gawrav/Vetta; Alvarez/Vetta; Gilaxia/Vetta;
Steve Debenport/Creatas Video; Simonkr/Creatas Video; Piola666/Vetta; IN2 Focus Media/Moment Video RF;
Paulo Gambale/Digitalvision; Zoranm/Creatas Video; Tawattiw/Creatas Video; Chris Dapkins/Digitalvision;
Commandoxphoto/Creatas Video; Simonkr/Creatas Video; Freemixer/Creatas Video; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas
Video; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Merge Creative Media/Digitalvision; Rocketclips/Verve+;
Contentworks/Creatas Video; Peopleimages/Creatas Video; U10: Schroptschop/Vetta; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas
Video; Reeldealhd Ltd./Verve+; Gilaxia/Creatas Video; Yuri_Arcurs/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Vetta; Pekic/Creatas
Video; Gilaxia/Creatas Video; Casarsaguru/Vetta; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Solstock/Creatas Video;
Andresr/Vetta; Kali9/Creatas Video; Steve Debenport/Vetta; Steve Debenport/Creatas Video; Alex
Potemkin/Creatas Video; Simonkr/Vetta; Gilaxia/Vetta; Steve Debenpor/Creatas Video; Stockboutique/Creatas
Video; Gilaxia/Vetta; GK Hart-Vikki Hart/Verve; Thisnight/Vetta; Caiafilm/Vetta; Zoranm/Creatas Video;
Henrikameyer/Creatas Video; Rebelz/Vetta; Andresr/Vetta; Borealisgallery/Creatas Video; Solstock/Creatas Videos;
Caiafilm; Andresr/Creatas Video; Leontura/Vetta; Kali9/Creatas Video; Catchlights_Sg/Creatas Video;
Borealisgallery/Creatas Video; Heroimagesfootage/Creatas Video; Eastlight/Creatas Video; Mumemories/Creatas
Video; HDKONG/Creatas Video; Apic/Hulton Archive; Sura Ark/Moment Open; Jim Gray/Hulton Archive;
Lpettet/Istock/Getty Images Plus; U11: Hayden Davenport/Soundexpress; Solaris Images Inc Dba ML
Harris/Digitalvision; Saskami/Creatas Video; Solaris Images Inc Dba ML Harris/Digitalvision; Saskami/Creatas Video;
Simonkr/Creatas Video; Swissmediavision/Creatas Video; Peopleimages/Creatas Video; Srdjanpav/Vetta;
Forrestbro/Vetta; Future Artist/Creatas Video; Luza Studios/Vetta; Naes/Vetta; Denitos/Creatas Video+/Getty
Images Plus; Srdjanpav/Vetta; Guojieyi/Creatas Video; Aleksandarnakic/Vetta; Caiafilm/Creatas Video;
Johnce/Vetta; Sahpictures/Digitalvision; Caiafilm/Creatas Video; Baddoggy/Creatas Video; Fatcamera/Creatas
Video; Hoozone/Creatas Video; Selected-Takes/Vetta; Fotostorm/Creatas Video; Selected-Takes; Tdub303/Creatas
Video; U12: Profilm4k/Creatas Video; Selected-Takes/Vetta; Rubberball/Verve+; Rubberball/Verve+; Biwa
Studio/Image Bank Film; Caiafilmjv/Creatas Video; Filmcoloratstudio/Vetta; Multi-Bits/Image Bank Film; Black
Pearl/Corbis Video; Henrikameyer/Creatas Video; Henrikameyer/Creatas Video; Topnatthapon/Creatas Video;
Primeimages/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Creatas Video; Halbergman/Creatas Video; Constantinis/Creatas Video;
Hirunyaphornkul/Creatas Video; Constantinis/Creatas Video; Tungphoto/Creatas Video.

Grammar Animation videos produced by Collaborate Agency.

Drama videos produced by People’s TV.

The following video stills are sourced from Getty Images:

U1: Maskot Bildbyrå/Digitalvision; Maskot; Andriy Onufriyenko/Moment; Monty Rakusen/Cultura; U2:

Comprimido/Creatas Video; Yellow Dog Producations/Photodisc; U3: Jesse Durocher/Moment;
Faithfulshot/Digitalvision; Mediaproduction/Creatas Video; Muratsenel/Creatas Video; Blend Motion/Verve+;
Craig Mccourry/Verve+; U4: Jose Luis Pelaez/Photodisc; Vincent_Roy/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Image Source;
Milindri/Istock/Getty Images Source; U5: Monkeybusinessimages/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Greg
Blomberg/Eyeem; Gallo Images/Richard Atkinson Enterprises/Photodisc; Just2shutter/Creatas Video;
Jessikla/Creatasvideo;Altor Diago/Moment Video RF; WW News/Image Bank Film; U6: Xavierarnau/Creatas Video;
Sam O'Hare/Moment Video RF; Blend Motion/Verve+; Academic Media Network/Verve+; U8: Stefan Cristian
Cioata/Moment; John Seaton Callahan/Moment; Westend61; Education Images/Universal Images Group Editorial;
Lightfieldstudios/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Carpinxo/Creatas Video; U9: Fatcamera/Vetta; U10:
Borealisgallery/Creatas Video; Hdkong/Creatas Video; Corbis; Claylib/E+; Peopleimages/Creatas Video;
Piola666/Vetta; IN2 Focus Media/Moment Video RF; Zoranm/Creatas Video; Tawattiw/Creatas Video; Chris
Dapkins/Digitalvision; Commandoxphoto/Creatas Video; U11: Danielprudek/Istock/Getty Images Plus;
Brusonja/Creatas Video; Danielprudek/Istock/Getty Images Plus; Brusonja/Creatas Video; U12: Profilm4k/Creatas
Video+/Getty Images Plus.

Grammar Animation stills produced by Collaborate Agency.

Vox Pops and Drama Video stills produced by People’s TV.

Audio
The following audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.

U1: Stepan Bersin/SoundExpress; Twisterium/SoundExpress; U2: Benjamin Lindholm/SoundExpress; U3:Deep Blue

Music/SoundExpress; Lucky_Tunes/SoundExpress; Maximiliano Silveira/SoundExpress; U4: Dmitriy
Shironosov/SoundExpress; U5: piccadillyCircus/SoundExpress; Macroids/SoundExpress; U6: Klimentij
Skripnikov/SoundExpress; Hyawatta/SoundExpress; Cedric Hommel/Sound Effects by Getty Images; U7: Yuriy
Mikhailov/SoundExpress; Bhanupong Asatamongkolcha/SoundExpress; Larry; Bryant/SoundExpress; U8:
Denbo/SoundExpress; Jake Hallman/SoundExpress; U9: startrack-music/SoundExpress; U10: Rishabh
Nag/SoundExpress; U11: Hayden Davenport/SoundExpress; U12: Andrea Bellina/SoundExpress.

All other audio production by CityVox, New York.

Speech Recognition

Photography
All the photos are sourced from Getty Images.

U1: Westend61; Morsa Images/DigitalVision; U2–4: Morsa Images/DigitalVision; U5: GlobalStock/E+;

JohnnyGreig/E+; U6: Michael Blann/Stone; Morsa Images/DigitalVision; U7: Tom Werner/DigitalVision; Morsa
Images/DigitalVision; U8–11: Morsa Images/DigitalVision; U12: Leland Bobbe/Stone; Morsa Images/DigitalVision.

Learning Pathway

Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images:

U1: ViewApart/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2: Johnrob/E+; U3: Bruce Yuanyue Bi/Lonely Planet Images; U4:
PeopleImages/E+; U6: xavierarnau/E+; U7: PeopleImages/DigitalVision; U8: Elizabethsalleebauer/RooM; U9: Simon
Ritzmann/The Image Bank; U10: White Packert/The Image Bank; U11: Henn Photography/Cultura; U12: sturti/E+.

The following photograph is sourced from other source:

U5: © Cecilia Wessels.

Vocabulary Games

Photography
All the photographs are sourced from Getty Images.

U3: Cultura Exclusive; Leit_Wolf/iStock Editorial; AlexSava/E+; Paul Nevin/Photolibrary; BlackJack3D/E+;

Daviles/iStock/Getty Images Plus; StratosGiannikos/iStock/Getty Images Plus; AfricaImages/E+; All Canada Photos;
Yuri_Arcurs/DigitalVision Vectors; U7: Moodboard Stock Photography Ltd./Canopy; Mark Stevenson/Stocktrek
Images; XiXinXing; vm/E+; Image Source/Photodisc; Charles Harker/Moment; LightFieldStudios/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Hill Street Studios/DigitalVision; Caspar Benson.

Student contributors: Angie Melissa González Chaverra, Colombia; Andres Ramírez, Mexico; Celeste María
Erazo Flores, Honduras; Brenda Tabora Melgar, Honduras; Andrea Vásquez Mota, Mexico.

Teacher’s contributor: Isabela Villas Boas.

Build supplier: Lumina Datamatics.