216 SECTION 5.1 CHAPTER 5 SECTION 5.1 1. Dy(P) = 0(4) + 4) +1) = § Us(P) = 4G) + 1G) +2G) E(P) = 33) + GR) 400) +) = Uy(P) = 103) + 3G) + 4G) +00) E(P)=4)+ 4G) +0 Ly(P) = RG) + 3) +00) = UP) = 1G) + 4G) + eD +i@=8 Zy(P) = 1) + 43) = Uy(P) = 32) +20) = Es Us(P) =10) + BQ) Eg(P) = 0) + 3G) + HR) + HR) + HR) = 8. Us(P) = RGR) + HR) + MB) + AA) H UR) = Te DAP) = eG) +005) + eG) + AG) = fe UplP) = 1G) + He) + AD HG) = 8. Ly(P) = $y(2) + sel) + 0) + UG) + 1) = Se UplP) = UG) + BEG) + we) + HG) + 1G) =F 9. Ly(P)=0(§) +5 (3) +0(8) = Ug(P) = 3 CE) + 1(5) +208) = a 10. Lg(P)= HH) +0G)+(-DH=-F UP) = 1G) + HG +0G) = 1. (a) L(P) f° f(2)dz > fi 9(z) de ‘Need not hold. Use the same counter example as Exercise 24. but U,(P)=7 and U;(P) =6 (a) By Definition 5.1.5, Ly(P) << Uj(P). Subtracting Ly(P) from these inequalities gives 0$ 1 Ly(P) < U/(P) ~ Ly(P) (b) From Definition 5.1.5, Lj(P) —U;(P) < I-U,(P) <0 Now multiply by —1 and the result follows I-L,(P) 0 for x€ (0,2). Thus, f is increasing on [0,2] Vita? (b) Let P= {z0,21,...,20} be a regular partition of [0,2] and let Az = 2/n220 82. 33. 34, 35. SECTION 5.1 By Exercise 30, [fees 14) < 1402) 10) It now follows that J? f(x)dz—Ly(P) <0.1 if n> 2. 2_ Av5-1) , 2 (0) fle)de 2.96 (@) Se) = 7% <0 on (1) fis decreasing (0) U/(P) ~ fo H@)az <1f() ~ f(O)Ax= |} — 11h so need ze (©) Using UP) with n=10, wehave 05, or n=10. 1 Tea Let S be the set of positive integers for which the statement is true, Sinoe 1 = Assume that k € S. Then Teetkb he te 42d te eee = AED peat RED (E+2) = fines ‘Thus, k +1 € S and so S is the set of positive integers. See Exercise 5 in section 18. Let f(a) = 2 and let P= (0,21, 22,.--.é5) be a regular partition of [0,0]. Then Az = b/n a anda; =", §=0,1,2,...)n. (2) Since f is increasing on (0,0), (b)36. 37. 38. 39. 40. SECTION 5.1 221 (©) By Exercise 33, 2 In ana U, n(n +1) HPs aS ad UP) =. e ay 2 Asn +00, Ly(P)-+ 5 and Uy(P) +5. Therefore, ff 2dr = 5. ih (a) Note that 2s x= (5) (2) + (5) (@)+ (2) (8) = Berar sats +(n-1)3) and A: 2, sosince f(z) is increasing on (0,4), (b) Simitar to (a). (© By Brerese 4, 14(P) = O=MACR—D yp) =F (u=1)nQn=1) 2 1 nine Qn+1) Asnoo, S=Uagn= 1) aot G04) 80 E/(P)Uy(P) + Fy and theretore | s? de = 3. 1 loo y 1 we 2, Lg(P) = 22, +--+ 2Azy = 2A, +++ + Aan) and U,(P) 2 2Az +--+ 2Azry = 2WAzi +--+ Aza) Thus L,(P) $8 8 and choose a partition P of [0,4] with max Axi < }(I~8) and 0 for 2>0. (b) ‘Thus, F is increasing on (0,0); there are no critical numbers. (o) . (a) P(e) =2(2~3), (b) F is increasing on [0, 00); P is decreasing on (~00,0); critical numbers 0, -3 © Fe) 1 Pro Pg)=-veFT (a) v2 (b) 1 P(g)=-avFT; (a) v2 (b) 0 P(e) =sinzz @ 0 &) 0 P'(2) = cos nz; (@ -1 (b) 1 F(z) = (x+1)® (a) 0 (b) 1 (a) Since P, © Pa, Uy(P2) $Us(P:) but (b) Since Py CPs, Ly(P1) 0. ‘The graph of F is concave down on (0, co): there are no points of inflection. PMG) = (2-37 +2e(e ~3) = {x -3)(e-1). The graph of F is concave up on (0,1) U (3,00), ‘The graph of F is concave down on (1,3), Inflection points at 2=1, 2=3 (ce) () ©) (<) © o (©) 5g4 b£4. @ @ (@) (d) @ an (e+ Ver “WaT rina 3(z +1)? ‘We know this is true for a b and a= b are proved in the same manner. Let usa Then Fw) = f tcostdt and F(a) = [oem sat Hat= dF dP du de du de ap _dFdu_ owt 1 eu (u ~ sin? u)(2x) = 22 [sin®(22) — 2]. sin2(0) _ +The =? njpy _ (L+0)22c08 2(0) ~ sin 2(0)(2)(0) _ ere = +o? - (a) Fo) =0 (®) Let u= 22. Then 100) = avi [ aoe P(e)= ZR =0 = r= 1isacritical umber. Pa) = ee 0 F"(1) = 5 >0 means z= 1 is 8 local minimum Pays 25 <0 = 2 =4 isa crtcal mmber PMa) = Capen, so F"(4) = is a local minimum, fo Ts fa)SECTION 5.2 227 (b) 2 Ei T de hat o f(§)=sin (©) s'(2) = cose F(6) — F(a) ba PG FO = [sod, Fla) =0, md Fo =s0) 29. By the hint = F'(o) for some ¢ in (a, 6). The result follows by observing that228 30. SECTION 5.2 Let €>0. Since f is continuous at z, there exists 6 > 0 such that “ if [k| <6 then [f(2+h) — f(@)| 0. ‘Thus, F is increasing on (00,0).SECTION 5.3 229 ‘Thus, F is increasing on (00,00). 3. F"(2) =2 sin(a*)cos(st)2x = 2x sin(2s*) F"(2) = Owhen a? = Fx, n= «That is, when 2 = t/nr]2. Since F" changes signs at each ofthese values, the points ( Vx72, F (4 V/n=73)) are points ofiafecton Thegrapht F noancve upon (0, Y%7B), coneavedownen (Y72, VF), and son SECTION 5.3 1 [02-3)de=(2 823 (9-0) =~ [2 ° 3. [s2tde= 82, =0)-()=1 « forsee feotef 2 2 [oesnae= + [ivemcaf'ora afer] «Sle Fley= (042) wy [esapa= [F284 Ss oet sano) = P(e) a 22 4dr 44= (042)? @ FG) = [cost sins at => Pa) =cosz—sinz (0) [teost~sintydt = [pine + oti = sing — cose 1 = P(e) =cose—sinz aes @ Fe =[ Foecutanudy = Fi) =se0(2e-+1) tan(2e-+1) ©) [Force tanuda= [Leaf «Fae te y= Boet 1 i 2232 SECTION 5.3 => P(e) =seo(2e +1) tan 2e +1) 40. (a) Fes [ena > Ps) = -2%(2? = 1)22 &) fe-nan[E-5 ate =P P(e) = 225 +224 = 2042" —1) a @ reff @ ronar[t a (ores [' VivFa wears [ vFa I A 7 ey 2 Area = [ir —2?) de = fax? - =] = 2 43. A fe 2) [ s|,73 44. area= (ever nae fer sneer [Bem +s] = “1 45. Area = f 2eosade = 2fsingl"!, = V3-+2 Lape 46. Area = [ eczianay as = foecalg® = y2—1 at. w [e-9ae= [Es] 23 ©) [e-siae= ['e- ais [ena eae 48. (a) [ost9 d= [et +sz]°,=6 3 [pevaide= [0 car-nars f° @eroae= [ot 3e) + reel, = 2 49. (3) [i@-ve= [2-2] ° [re-sm ce sare foes i =e [5-4 “+f S]+ [E-4 50. (a) J gosede=(6alan 2SECTION 5.3. 233 fsing]2fi_ + [-sinalt yy = 3 cose da = Ee + <2 Joosaiae =" coszde + 2 aa 2. @0)= [dwar [ne]! ose-8, occa (b) v'(@ = 10-24; v has an absolute maximum at ¢ = 5. The object's position at t = 5 is 26) = 2 52. (a) We need (t) such that 2/(t) =Ssint-+4eost and 2(0)=1 ‘Then z(t) =~3eost +4sint+C, 2(0)=-34+C=1 = C=4 => a(t) =—3cost + sine +4. (©) Maximum displacement when v(t) =0: 3sin¢ + 4cos¢ =0 > tant=—$ Ss sint= 4, cost -2 So tmer = -3(8) +4($) +4=9 53. [ltea= [er+nars f'u-nen tet e2}y be otf snde= fvtaes ['Gernae= [2] + [F+2'= 55. [fee oourdes f° [Beet] eo= tines, +2 se)" , Bin wf jeyde= [Wasnsdes [" hewode= [ress + [pen] = 57. (a) f is continuous on (-2,2]. Por r€[-2,0], (2) sana [Leen] testes Fors € (0,1), ate) = [ead [2a 2+ pig =2+28 Por x € [1,2], ste) = [tes 2yars [eds [“a—re)de 2424 [2 = tee Jxs2r42, 2<2<0 Thus g(e)= 2° 2242, O 1 4 faz? +8)de= Jor + be +6 5. | Fees [tt ehaamsaitec 6 f Stas [rtsetees-et-letee n {&) de = [(e-2)de= 3 2440 8. [(e@ zz) de = f (e? -2) de = Fe 28? 40 9. f-ae-pa= [orm ana=te-22e save wo. [eae p= [ern eaa ante Lorne seve (Poy 9) un [Ee 2 — (a+ de? + abt} at = HO — 20+ oe + 2aie? +0 12. [e-vae+va d= [6-2 dente} 40 13. f o\o'a)de = Holey +0 ua, fsinzcoszds = Fst +0 as. fomnesed eds [ woe $ feca|ds = Fsec?2 +C [snes ede [rane fase] de = Fan? +0 16.1. 18. 20. 21. 22, 23. 24, 25. 26. SECTION 5.5 243 laxr se)= [ f@ae= [ex-nex Since f(3) = 4, we get 4= 9-34 C so that C =—2 and Je)=a 2-2 [i@esayae= 241140 +C, (use Exercise 16) a Psi 240. Sle) = [(-42)de = 32-22" +C, 1) =6 => fla) = 20" +8245 Ha) = [ Payde= [aside = har? +t2+. Since f(2) =0, we get 0 =2a++28-+C so that C = ~2a~2b and f(e) = }ax? +2 — 20-28. Sa) = f(x? +b0-+0)de= Sar? + Pret tor + K, {0)=0 = see=Ser+ bet vee se) = [ seas inedz = ~cosa + C. Since /(0) = 2, we get 2= —1+C so that C = 3 and f(z) =3-cosz. fen [oordensine +0, fe)=3 = 1)=9+an« Fist, He) = f seae= [ (60-2) de =32" ~20+0. Since (0) = 1, we get 1=0+C so that C= 1 and Sle) =38 2241. Next, se)= [ Payde= [gst -204)dr= 2A +24K. Since /(0) = 2, we get 2=0+K so that K=2 and Peete, (2) = fovea ==425 40, f()=1 => f(a) = 429 41 Ka) = [ae + 1)de =a 42K, f= 2 = fle)=nzt yes?244 a7. 28. 29. 30. 31. SECTION 5.5 First, f@) Since f'(1) = 0, we get 0= Next, se)= f rede | (Jetje) arm at fos joo k Since f(1) =2, we get 2= -}4}+K so that K = % and aH 2 42,8 Lao se) = B- T+ 2 + Bm Biot 20 422 429), He)= fu-adene-Z 4G, sQat— fos F 1 ja)=[e-Fena=Z-Les+K, fa=0— se)=-E+ 242-8 First, f= [ Pde= faszde= snes. Since (0) =1, we get 1=0+C so that C= 1 and Fe) =sinz +1 Next, 1e)= | Pa)de= [cine +1) de = ~cos 2+ K Since f(0) = 2, we get 2=-1+0+K so that K-=8 and f(z) = —cosz +2 +3. Fe) = [ snzde =~ cosa +6, fO)=-2 = f'@) cosr 1 inz—2+K, f(0)=1 => f(2)=1-sinz—2 Je) = [(-oose— ae First, Ft) = [ Mejae= [er-a)dr= =34+6. Then, Ste) = f feyde= [at -a2-40)as = 2? Fe? +024. Since f(2) = —1, we get @ and, feom f(0) =3, we conclude that (2) 3=0+K. =$-64+204K;SECTION 5.5 245 Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, we get K = 3 and C= 4 s0 that Sle) = ba Be? des, 32. Ma)= [(—az)de = 52-22" +0, 2s — ie Cr+ K fe tce+ $C+K=1, f()=k=-2 = fle= Sle) = [(e2-20" + Cyde = 3 52,7 Jay pete? ws. 2[fre al =sex [ Zu@ide=sa+0 a4. [ptepatee)~o(0ys"(a) ae = [ ero"e) + F elle) ~ eg @) ~ 04") de = { (Zv@wer- Lvreatey) a= nee -aorea+e 38. @) a) = [oar [tor ~oyat= 28-40 Since 2(0) = ~2, we gt —2 20 ‘Three seconds Inter the object is 34 units tothe right ofthe origin s= a = ° = = ‘ 617) * ? — ©) ff wstorae ff \ee sae fo Paes ["6e —oa = [Gt — 20) + 2 — 64} = 4+ [36 (-4)] = 44. +C so that C= ~2 and = 2-6-2, Therefore 2(3) = 34. The object traveled 44 units. 36. (a) ui) f ofa = foraa= Feta +0, (0) =3 = v(t) = heratna a= f [AP a) a= tax, 0-0 me 2 = OP" 8 37. (a) u)= fona= [eraser se. Since v(0) = 1, we get 1=2-4+C so that C= 1 and oft) = 204? =. (0) We know u(t) by pat (a). Therefore, ai0= [oar fowry?—naadeeee tse Since x(0) = 0, we get 0= $ 0+ so that and 2(t) = $+? ~1- 4. 8. w= faa-naa8246 39. 40. AL. 42, 43. 44. SECTION 5.5 Se 265} units to the left ofthe origin, 10 1 ‘0 f woia= [lra-oaes [a -oa= = St = oss% units. 2(10) (a) v = 60 mph = 88 feet per second. In general, u(t) = at + v9. Here, in feet and 208 + 88. Thus v(t) =0 at t = 4.4 seconds. (b) In general, 2(¢) = Jat? + vot +20. Here we take zp = 0. In feet and seconds x(t) = ~10(4.4)? + 88(4.4) = 10(4.4)? = 193.6 f. seconds, u(t Let action =a. Then (= fodt= att 2) = [otnat= [att voyat= fot? +t 2m = [o(t) + volt +20 PH + Dawgt + ty? = up? +a(at? + 2uot) ? + 2a(Sat? + apt) [v()}? = (at + v9)? a(t) = Jat? + uot +20 ? + 2a x(t) — 20) (a) v(t) =at-+u, and by Exercise 40 x(t) = Z[v(t) + vo}t, 80 v(t) =r» _ v{t)— vw _ u(t)? = vo? _ 58.77 ~ 88? To Bay MO +20) = aay = apg = 85 Fes? [Note 60 mph =88 ft/sec, 40 mph = 582 ft/seci] x(t) _ 2.264 Of Tote” ye 8 (c) We don't know 2(t) , so we will use t= vit) =v _ 0-88 = 10.8 sec ao” =Bis @ a(t) = Fo) + w]e = $10 + 88]208 = 475.28 ‘The car can accelerate to 60 mph (68 ft/se) in 20 seconds thereby covering a distance of 880 ft. Tt can decelerate from 88 f/see to 0 ft/sec in 4 seconds thereby covering a distance of 176 ft. At full speed, 88 ft/sec, it must cover a distance of SBS — 550 — 176 = 1584 8 This takes “35 = 18 seconds, The run takes at least 20-+18 + 4 = 42 seconds. 1G) = f sintat = cost +0, (0) =m => v(t) = —cost +e +145. 46. 47. 48, 49. 50. 51. SECTION 5.5 247 20) = [(-cost-+m #1) at= sint+ (vo +1)t+K, 2(0)= 29 => 2(t)= 29+ (v9 +1)t—sint 0) = fotyat= [oasenna=2ar+spe +0. Since u(0) = to, we have wj = 0-+C so that v(t) = 24t-+ 9B2 + up (= [owe = fos 4+ 3B? +1) dt = A + Bt + vot + K. Since 2(0) = zo, wo have 2» = 0-+ K so that K = zp and a(t) = 20 + wt + AP + BE. uo) = f costat = sint + 6, v(0) =u) —> u(t) =sint +0 2) = [(sint + op)at= cost + wot +K, 2(0)=20 = 2() 59 +14 vot cost 2) =8-5, yO =3t, a(t) = 5+. u(t) When ¢ = 2, the particle is at (4, 2). Thus, 2(2) = 4 and y(2) = 2. 4 yea. -WHC => C=¥. a(t) = 38 — t+ %, Four seconds later the particle is at (x(6), y(6)) = (492, 50). a= fu-naaS nso, sao aye f ames wo = [Vide F0 4K, )=1 = w= 5 seconds later, t=9, so position is (2(9),9(9)) = Since v(0) = 2, we have 2= 4-04 B so that B=2. Therefore a= foiqar= [lee nd = Lae snsc. 3 Since 2(2) = (0) ~ 1, we have DAS44C=C-1 woth A= a= [lat snar= JAP se40 4 2(1) ~2(0) = (GA41+0)- d4is0 = 4 we ge Wisi gy v3 Distance traveled [ Gn aeyae [oe ~Dat= pe F+ Pd = a= [onar= fsintar=-cost+e Since 2(7/6) = +0 sothat C= and 2() = 2 cost248 SECTION 5.6 fa) Ave (b) We want to find the smallest ty > =/6 for which (to) = 0 and v(ts) > 0. We get ty = 13/6 seconds. 52. (2) ann se=0 5 x) ant 0) x0) = and ()> 0 t= SE ae 58. The mean-value theorem. With obvious notati 21/12) ~2(0) 4 1/2 7p By the mean-value theorem there exists some time to at which (1/12) ~ 2(0) 1) 48. a(t) 54. (Taking the direction of motion as positive, speed and velocity are the same.) Let v be the speed of the motorcycle at time 0, the time when the brakes are applied. The distance between the motorcycle and the haywagon ¢ time units later is given by a) = Fal + (m- ots uit-+s gives the position of the haywagon, at? + vt gives the position of the motorcycle]. Collision can be avoided only if the quadratic ao, remains positive, This can be true only if the discriminant of the quadratic, Le sia-unts BY = 4AC = (v1 — 0)? +208 = (v- m)? +208 remains negative. Observe that (vv)? +208<0 if vu + V Pals v(t) 1 = 28 — to) 5 ae => -[(0]" =2t- mt a yg 20 => [fet = w = ie SECTION 5.6 * {ne } I< 3a? Se 30)? dr = $ (2-30) 405 6. SECTION 5.6 249 a ipa | pari | Ga vive- varie’ [ver ae = [2241y! a= p/P aun js +e = 322+ 0 +O (cer } [varb=* | liew= 20" +0 2 can a Blt = gg(az +)! +o [tooo de= = [eta Fue a 7a 4 ar +46 {CEE}: [omtectantaen [tara bee = fez +H + usd +9 t j wit {ance } lw uat?tl / 3t at 3 [du du=aeat J’ @-ypo as -3 “EHC {acne} [eorey d= 1 eau = bast 5 wlsde= Sua 4 fan = gpteytee250 10. uu. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. qr. 18. SECTION 5.6 sata” du = nbs" de \. [evar ar= h | vides Fe +0 = Zarysc (6-58)? 40 dem [ (P41)? wae= 1 fuvran =wlso=Veei+e 0 bgt df eae se (-2)8 40 [otau= f@eytee [2G 43)? d= (ok i [280-29 4 en 2omae fa-2940 } [emotes tfetwetetsc aee' 41) 46 wae dart 4n +6 du {acon | Lyctae2|Gowere =1fFrerItC19. 20. 21 22. 23, 24. 25. 26. a7. at Lf du Varta = SECTION 5.6 wadtont | ce du ada | integrand is an odd function { { usr +16 du = 2r dr us2et 41 du = 4edz =0 = u=16 =3 = u=%5 2=0 = ual a2 = un9 }s Lae Learn 251252 SECTION 5.6 28, 29. 30. { ua (e+2)(c+3) 2=0 => u=6 1 oe45 du = (22+ 5)dr . , G42 +37 pol = u=2 a (Ree, [aati fo-nyede [ (0-2?) a = Bu? a8 4.0 = Fe + —2et PLC 32. }; [rveaTee = [mee 1)fidu = af (wr su) du = hve erece ten + he-nse 33. ; / (we uta) du 1 1 1 1 =r hr go = Lear 1? 4 her? qe + ge? +O = FGQe- D9? + GQe—D +o a [REPL fersanaed f o-aran tf tat) a 10 Ly c = ber 43) bere wu! $C = G43)" E(at4 9) +o “a 12 usrtl | 2-0 unt 5 us2 35. ; [Be (are | pel nenn| lm va =f (wren?) av (gu? + au]? = VE +4y8 - p-4= VESECTION 5.6 253 ene f 5 36. +f dem 3 [emp an 12 __100 4 Ti? 37. usael 1 1 1 2VP¥ide=1 f Yadu=hii+c=tersy? {g7en} [ Te lde 5 [vie dul +0=f@?syi+e. Alo 1= HO +D+0 > C=% Thusy= Mer snt +? 38. ualsye . fb telgoe {acca}: Jaa fe dus +C= Tete 1 1 = = co Thsy-—_ mare “TE 39, [cos(3e+1) de = -frocidsin(de+1) +0 40. f sindreds =~ cos2nz +0 1 Lowest 42, [octetantndr= toate sc a1 [oct nede= {SOE}: fonensnae= [fonoar= feoa re denis—29 +6 du = -2d0 2 2 ussing 2 a, ly 1g 44, : sin? zeosede = [ utdu= tu? +C=isintz +0 du = cos dz, 3 3 uscosz 45. [oostesinade = [ -u'du= du = —sinede wee 2dr =} f sec? 1 alin? 46. yf escctatde = = f sectudu= Stanu+C=Stanz?+0 du = 2rde 2 2 2 2eosut+C wnat a. 5 fevineaes fesnud= du=}2-V/? ar, 2eoss'? 4.0254 49. 50. 51 52. 53. 54. BB. 56. 87. 59. SECTION 5.6 } [std 22) on 22) d= -f fescucorudu = Fescu+e ese(I = 22) +E 2 }: [VIRB conede = fnran= Fer +e (+ sina)? +0 usltsinz du = coszdr cose ah ae BV EF cose -witc= {a | qagte= [ect ste tmns se [Oi tan? 2) secroae = fsectade + f ras? ose? de mene [otarntanes Wtycntnes Liter 2 g = fsin'? +0 {2 cael [rset eons? [bs ucosutn a Lantus [gets [otede=-cote+e { us Lttanz sec x de = fv du =m? 20 ce} / Vir tane / = 21 +tanz)/2 +0 sea} [P50 = 1) ae fsoudu=-Zeouse {a = 122 de B 2 1 3 Hoste? 7) +0 avs 19 0; the sine is an odd function 58. [ secztanade = [secz}*/, =0 sia 1/8 2 al ays_ 2 * © [= neds = = [tannali/} = 2(V3~1) 60. f cost (Ex) sin (n2) diSECTION 5.6 255 a 61. sin? zcoszde = os. fastete= [=a 64 feos dea f 408 ay = P5ede= f Leese y, 1,1 bs, featsede= [MEG ee Lamoee 60, sin? Sede = ~ dsner+c - B mtg "3 1+ cosa 1 1. nag or [oottedee [1S aa Lae ant” oF ls 69. Ax [lose -(Csina}}de = nz easel =2 A 70. A= [corre sinz2)de = > [sinaz + coszaiy!* = v3—1) [sin dnzpt = 2 n. Am [" (ctse~ sin? s2) de= [corned z 2. [costre+s taayde= Lae 73. A= [ E (csc? nz — sec? na) de = 74.256 SECTION 5.7 unser 1 7. (@) : [sectztanzde= fudu=ture | [ [ 2 = bets + tanz ) 5 [eectotanzdr= | udu= ju +c" du = soc? de = }tn?s+C" () c=c+t 76. A= [Fae ns [VAT atrcosu) te (e=rsinu) = 7 cos? udu = 4r? | une oe i [te-oae= [s0ya= [sear du=dr g=btc => u=b ore © } ff eee [ tau= [seas SECTION 5.7 . . 5 1 Ye: [ey sceyee= [fede f'o(e)te>0 2. No; take, for example, the function f(z) =~ and g(2)=00on (-3,1]- Yes otherwise we would have f(z) < g(z) for all x € (a, 6] and it would follow that10. 1. 15. 16. a. SECTION 5.7 257 [rears [ode No; take, for example, the function f(z) =0and g(z)=—-1on (0,1). No; take f(z) =0, g(x) = -1 on [0,1]. ° . . * Yes; [vteonae> [ fle) de and we are assuming that fede > [ ola) de. No; take, for example, any odd function on an interval of the form [—e, ¢) Yes; if f(2) #0 for each 2 € [0,8], then by continuity either (2) > 0 forall 2 € (a,b), or (2) <0 for all 2 € (@,8). In either case [ * Heyde #0 irldx #0. No; fizae=0 ow ves | [reas] =1=0 Yes 0/(P)> [ Heyae=0. No; if f(@) =0 for all z € fo, then [serae=o, and U;(P)=0 for all P. . S(z) de =0. on [Las Yes: [errnee=[ payars [rdeno+e-o=b-e B[(v04]-2[f 04] B-2[- Frog] ® [tg] - sects Loew lo VETS Jat +27) +8 de ffs] du SE Ble20. 21. 22, 23, 24. 25. 26. a7. 28, 29. Ble Bla Ble Ble Bla Ble Bla Bla Bla Bla (a) (b) SECTION 5.7 P soa] = [- [roa] =r 32? vive fC sin) at] = —sin (tan® 2) see? [ Sxe]- [104] =2[f soa [soa] = 10% - 109. [t]-s4e-to-8-2+! (22 +1)- Be i ral- ne ae fc wine a] = 221+ Ga} (2) - tanz Vis tans (sec? z) = 42VTF HE — tanz sec? 2 jsecz| [ca] =oxe(2) (Gente) = 2882 — sete With P a partition of fa, b] A 1,@) [ fear If f is nonnegative on [a, b], then Ly(P) is nonnegative and, consequently, so is the integral. If f is positive on [a, 6], then Ls(P) is positive and, consequently, so is the integral. ‘Take F as an antiderivative of f on [a, b]. Observe that (2) = f(z) on (a, 5) and [ fa) de = F(t) ~ Fla). If f(z) > 0 on (a, 6], then F is nondecreasing on [a, 6] and F(b) - F(a) > 0. IE f(z) > 0 on (a, 6}, then F is increasing on [a, b] and F(b) - F(a) > 0.30. 31. 32, 33. 34. 35. 36, SECTION 5.7 259 Set h(z) = g(x) ~ f(z) and apply Property I to A. Consider the trivial pasttion P of a0] into the single interval [a,b ‘Then L4(P)=m(b—a) and U;(P) = M(b—a). Thus m(b— a) < JP f(z)de < M(b—a). Suppose f(c) > 0 for some c€ (a,b). Then by Exercise 48, Section 2.4, there exists 6 > 0 such that f(z) > 0 for all 2 € (c—5,c+6). Also, we can choose 6 such that (c—5,¢+6) C (a,b) Then f * fejae> [ “ [(2)|dz > 0, a contradiction. The same holds if f(c) <0 for some e. Thus f(z) = 0 for all x € (a,b). Then since f is continuous on [a,b] , we must have Sle) = f(8) =0, 50 f(2) =0 for all x € [a,)}. i A eel ee wovnafP-J] of tye? H'(@) u(e)=1 [ r-sre) a, H(z) 2 [oe-sH0 a+1pe-su'), HQ) = #f [ae—3H'(H] at + 32 3~3H"(3)] _- =} -042-H'(3) = H'Q)=1 (@) Let u=—z. Then du=~dz; and u=0whenz=0, w=a whens =~a [iseds=- [cman [ aac [ s-nee © [sede f° sayaes In fitst integral, use u = ~ds,u(-a) = 0,u(0) = 0,2 = —u, and note that $a) = f(-w) = ~F(w) since fis odd. Then [ipeoe=- [rend [ r-oan=— [pone sof” sear [ronda f° seyae=0260 SECTION 5.7 (b) As above, but now f(z) = f(—u) = flu) since f is even, so [ieom= f sewau= [ flu) de, hence [soe= [soa H (c+sin22)dz=0 since f(c)=2+4sin2x is an odd function, dt=0 stip team oad tinction f° ge [ure ossiaen [+2 one sce) 142" wan neon (se cen den a[er te snd] = Bea det 40. 22 and sin are odd, and 2? and cos2r are even, so s/s js [Ute + sine + cos2e) a "i (2? +cos22) de = 2 PROJECT 5.7 1. (a) Let f(z) = 24-307 +012 +1. (b) dom (f) = dom (g). A comparson of ranges is: range(f) = [-1.37, 00) fle-1)+f@) _ aa = fe) which implies f(—1) = f(z). This occurs at the points where x & —0.6280, 0.5200, 1.6081,SECTION 5.7 261 (b) g and h have the same domain as f. A comparson of ranges is: range(f) = [=1.37, 00) 0.47, 00) range (h) = [- (©) The graphs of f, 9, and h all intersect at the same points. (a) They will all intersect at the same points. Proof: Let m(a) = FED EE) 46 4 moving average for f Then f(z —1) +4f(2) k+1)s la), so we get fle ~1) = fle) i.e, We get the same points of intersection as in Project 1(c). The moving average g smoothis everything; the moving average F still oscillates, but it oscillates “slower” and with less amplitude. 0) toamers, Pt) =2Yt0= sea) at262 SECTION 5.8 SECTION 5.8 1 AY, 9. 10. 1. 12. 13.14. 15. 16. 20. 21. SECTION 5.8 263 (a) AV.= (b) 2 etish at 21.263 (@) AV singdz = + [+ cosz]f () sine =? = 2=0601 © n/8 (@) AV. 2omtede = 5 2 pina, i] = S842) 21.496 (b) 2eos2r = 1426 at 240.389 de = Lo perty pnt ant wa Sl. mre (for constant f, f(6-a)= f° fe)ae (for mereasing f, f(0)(6~0) > f fle) de . (© for decreasing J, f0,0~0) < J flayar Average of f' on a, 6] =< [reas 5 + iret = 0, be a baa (@) True, because fo ‘ oae= [sacs [gas () True, because * afde=a [ * pas. 1 (0) False; take f(2) = 9(2)=20n (0,11: AVEO) = 2, (AVNAV(9) = “wh 1d D274 @) aved [ves Bh @ aval [a=264 SECTION 5.8 © 22. (a) Distance to z-axis is y,s0 A.V. [ve (b) Distance to y-axis is 2, so avs [ ade= (©) Distance to originis V7 > 9", soavi= [ nia de = [ aVitmide = 3 Vien lo fo 23. ‘The distance the stone has fallen after ¢ seconds is given by s(t) = 161" (a) The terminal velocity after x seconds is s'(x) = 322. The average velocity s(z) — 5(0) (6x. ‘Thus the terminal velocity is twice the average velocity. (b). For the first 4 seconds, aver. vel. = G2) 2) = 80. For the next 2 seconds, aver. vel. = selaae) =e ‘Thus, for the first $:r seconds the average velocity is one-third of the average velocity during the next 2 seconds. 24. Obviously since f” s(2)de=0 25. Suppose f(z) £0 for all z in (a,b). Then, since f is continuous, either f(z) >Oon (a,b) or f(z) > 0 on (a,b). In either case, [) f(z) dz 4 0. 26. bee Thus, f takes on its average value at = = 24 27. (a) vfé) - v(0) oa: (0) = 0. Thus v(t) = at 20) 20)= [vlads 2(0)= ap. Thos 219) ©) veep = [oaa= L [ee] A Boa aSECTION 5.8 265 _ at} aff _ v(ts) + v(t) ~ 2th) 2 12 Jigga [VERE = 247-1) Lf? _i22 le = feet du (u=241) 2 sgl” 2 2v7+1 [ere] 5 ©) =4(v7- 2). 2a]! 2 gpa 29. (a) [e 3 |, = ev 1 L idee [ee] = fuse aL 1 ® kL a] = pat 1 su = [ 2([K~2)'] ae [ob (tats +2) ae =k (p02? - 2123 + bat] = beet em = (iphL*) / (RL4) = LL 30. tM = [ree =f anadde + ["2xoyde off (2) dr Fem, My +2 My toot 2M, My n LM = LLM, + 2a,Me sn = (buat Beay L aap eM-)266 SECTION 5.8 32, By Bxerese $0, zy M=2u, Mi tem, Ma so BLM = TEM + LLAh, 1 2 Alo, My+Myp=M. Solving gives: Mi= 3M, Ma = 2M. 33. Let M= J"! kede, where a is the point of the first cut. ka? .) _ 2M =k? 2M + kL? sts a= [FE] = Baek +22), tense a= MEE aot an = MEM 34. The average slope of f on [a,8] is (b (2) de = LO= 10) Geometrically, this is the slope of the line through (a, f(a)), and (6, f(#)). 35. If f is continuous on [a, b], then, by Theorem 5.2.5, F satisfies the conditions of the mean-value theorem of differential calculus (Theorem 4.1.1). Therefore, by that theorem, there is at least ‘one number in (a, b) for which F() ~ F(a) PO a ‘Thea . [teres = FO) - Fe) =FOO-a) = 190-0) min of f average of f max of f * ( ) . ( ‘ ( on [e—hye+ hy on [e~ heh on [e- he-+ A} By continuity, as + 0* min of f max of f ( ) +19 a ( ) +10 on [o— hye+ hi on [e—ho+ hi By the pinching theorem the middle term must also tend to f(¢) ST. If f and g take on the same average value on every interval (a, 2], then f(t ‘Multiplication by (¢ — a) gives [1oa= [oe Differentiation with respect to 2 gives f(z) = g(2). This shows that, if the averages are38. SECTION 5.8 267 everywhere the same, then the functions are everywhere the same. Partition [a,6] into nm subintervals of equal length to, where P = {20,..-,n} and 2{ is @ point from [21,24]. Then the average value of f on [a,] is: af toe= hs, [nen (G2) +--+ 109 ()] = (4) lim Stipa) + Fle3)) DHa) wee lim, AD) ++ sea) ‘which is the limit of arithmetic averages of values of f on (a,268 SECTION 6.1 CHAPTER 6 SECTION 6.1 @) fi ter2-2Ide © fwa-cvines [~~ ae 2 (a) fics 2) de © ["[(-b)-cvo] 3. 4 5 (a) [10-Cva)) ae [1 --0) 4 ) [Llo+9 Wy) aw