SECTION 8.1 373 CHAPTER 8 SECTION 8.1 rds = cos2ede = 3sin2e eC 1 [erar= 2. feos fede = Sin Foc 3 [sarees 2 4 ff secretan ede diseczals 5. [ov Q-2)dr = L(seent ~ 1) 6. Ea ce dz = (in(sinz))7/° =1 Fina [cot nde = fin ina) = 1a i [.. i ee z Ye “yt 8 Saas jlo teh = 9%. ede whtc=-Vi-e+0 ve ch ge pee . 0. fe [ sect edz = [tana], =2 fajx costa = J sing “14 nA u. [ ar sec z tan zdz = [sec] o jana COS? E i” a4 12. 13. 14. 15. oa we. fareae= [(0ey de =374 SECTION 8.1 u=Stand+1 we (hoon } sec? @ 2 2 ee db = wo? du = Sul? =i. OF1+C seer tt 5 [widen ecm aR TT sing we | Tee 1 fdu_t 1 bf apm C = Fins 20089) +6 wf Fa ae= tinleet 40 ». facten s/o useel}, a. {aie }: 2 du leme-/ ~faea Lin tea) —2eant = fin’ +4) — fiat $40 1 yay Daag (EH2 = fine tay eal ~ paw ( : Jee ma, [8Ede=benaP sc tee}! [abe a [3 é du [rime [Fe usats ca de 25. {aid }: | avezn laa stant ut stan (r+3)+C hut C= tan er +O 26. [ettane d= f canude='n|se0u) +0 =In|seeet| +0 1 7. x sin 2? dx = —5 cos 2” or frsnsarelostec -Vi-F psi 2+ 030. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. a7. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 43. SECTION 8.1 375 (sin 2)? + sink(2~e*) + 1 1 shyars [Lavin uisc=m| nal sc sel2=0 => geste Sv}: Wytsing pt [nasa] , ote =f, 12 Len 7, vi er 3 z (locmta 99) f VF — Ade = $4 -2in|e+ VPA] (formula 87) [Veea = fv F saan B40 (formula 18) Joos? atat = 4 sin ae — jain? 2 +c 1 2 1 2 formula 38) f secttdt = tsec'tsint +2 f secPedt = Fee tsint + Zant +0 ( ) [sch ndt =F see sine t 2 [sectta = Zee tsint + Ztant +c corma 09) f pao = bn 22 +3) re376 SECTION 8.1 44, (formula 106) J gee (2437 —2in|2432)) +0 ven VETS nie VET +O 45. (Gormula 81) f 46. 47. (formula ny f2inzds = 48, (formulas 29.26) f s°sin ede = eS cos +3 [scone de Scosz + 32% cosa ~ 6 f rsin ede = —2° cosr + 32° cose + Grcosz —Osinz +C 9, . oo [[ (rremeae = [prot (F) ae = vif cos (3) de foos(Z) 20 on 0, =2v5 [sin (2)]" = 22 50. (a) Clear since du=sec?zdr. (b) Clear since du = secztanzdx (©) Since secte=14tan?e, }tan?2+C;=}se2x+C2 with C=C, -$ wi [ostnete= [E222] are 2 w [sone cosnede = 5 [" sine de = s/n nn © [sans cosnede A 52. (a) [srear= [(1 cosa) sinzde = ~oona + Feosta+e (fist ede [er —cost 2) sinade = f(a ~ 20a? 2+ cons) sinzde sn eose + Feasts ~ Seok 2 +0 ak (©) Write sin 2 as sin**xsinx = (1—cos*z)*sinz, expand (1 ~ cos z)* and then integrate,SECTION 8.1 377 53. (a) [rosseas= [tan?stansde = | (s0?2—1)tenede = [wots tanzde~ ftanzde = [edu fanzds (ustanz, du=sec*rdz) ~In [seca] +0 = tan? —In [seca +O © frant2de = fin? s tn? ede = [tan 2c? ~1) de = [ants secede ~ fra? ede = [eau [ean car (u=tanz du=sectzdz) ¢— 2 tants +n |sece| uf F tanta +n |sece|+C = F tan? 2+ In [seca] + © [ostode= fate ont née featode tan? — 2 tant +} tan?2 ~ In |seca| g tana f tant + 5 tanta —In [seca] +C [teen fetta tant ede= [a2 ed te ft ade = Rew feat teas a 54. (a) () af (sez - sina) dz = [ln |esea ~ cot | + cosr]7/g =-me2-v5-8 iC) v= [Palade satay ae ax [-exe- $+ hen2e]”” au4 x/6 aii378 SECTION 8.1 55. (a) (0) sing + cosz = V2|sinz cos(n/4) + cosz sin(n/4)] 1 = Visin (e+); A=v2, B=n/4 we pha “apa © area = ff arte - yf wer” usrtr/Alz=0 = du=dje=s/2 = wu Lope 4 ya pea al wept th, iu” =f ccuas = a {in Jeseu ~ cot uff29{* [viet 7h 4] 56. (a) 7 ) © a= Jnl = 7A) = 1.0061 37. (a) y (b) 2: © 0.80, 22 5.80SECTION 8.2 379 . [boasts] = [PBs] =lor—-32?-2m [e+] e276 fe Thom 58. (a) = 2, du=~de, u(0) =1, u() avi-adr [o-oveee =H} port! SECTION 8.2 uae, 1 du = de, 2. woes ee I v= | ina” [Gaze], In2 03)380 SECTION 8.2 5. Det dx 6. usr, au = 2ede, ia [e202 de= 2a -2)*44 [24—2)'? de 222212)? 4 [-Bo-2 +/ Fa-2 as] outa oan Ba_n? = -2*(1 2)? Fay? 2) 40 Or, use the substitution ¢ = 1 ~ 2 (no integration by parts needed) to obtain: 21-2)? 4 $ (1a)? 21-2)? £0. | aesn- [3 map J 812. 13. SECTION 8.2 381 } [vee fu 1)Vindu [Borda]! = us uate] | (0) = 1 du = dz u(3) = 4, MED op ovetiin(e +1) [2% VE dr = 224 iln(2 +1) tH In@g+), gy - de Vevi =2vzF1 in(e+1)—-4¥eF1 +0 =a4T_v=2veel| [Pena few yee [Pee Za 20- [mete 2 2 atte aes [rtar- Bs e(e 2542) Dee [os d= ets? etna -2feme~ fa] =2(Inz)?-2elnz+22+C {aoe} [ers de= fiu—awrtan= [usu du 5 as qeere = eas te Seaget Hope ts + Res tee382 SECTION 8.2 as 15. [ese 3 de ind 3, daSde 3 [a3 2 ~s [iar as [24] _ 23 Set 3e 1 u=0 } (4 => w=1/2, 1 i 1 2yyt glutantu—$(1+24)J, [by 826] zl gin2 [oovee= [w= Bax d= =2vesinye~ [22 ar v= 2sin vz = 2yesin Vz + 2eosVE+C386 38. [Pesh2eds = ha? sinh 2x frsinh 2zde SECTION 8.2 dv = cosh 2z dx sinh 2r sinh 22 dx cosh 22 [ zsinh(22") de = 4 [eosh(22?)), = 0 Letu=Ing, du=2d2, ‘Then [tes-tons)e [iotade = = }e%sinh2z~ }ecosh2e +} fcosh2xde 22 ~ }ecosh2r-+ tsinhIz +C sintu+ Y-u4) +o = (nz) sin“(inz) + i= (nz +0 I cos(in z) de = xcos(Inz) + / sin(In2) dx uasin(inz) gy _ cos(in 2) du de ©) = ses(ina) +2sin(inz)~ f costn) dz = f costa 2) dz = be feosinz) + sin(inz)] +C [ sedas)ae = 2 stn) ~ | stn2) ds w=sinQe), quad encalaiide, vee u = cos(Inz), dv = de du=~sin(inz)2 dz, v=2 = 2 sin(Inz) — xeos(in2) ~ [ sin(Inz) de Adding f ‘sin(In.2) dz to both sides, we get so that 2 f sintine) de =e sin(in 2) — xeos(in 2) f sin(In 2) dr = $f sin(Inz) ~ xcos(inz)] +40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. SECTION 8.2 387 [ozde=cinz~ f de=2ne-240 [ov stensva's [use Seta tz-finez) +0388 SECTION 8.2 ‘dv = sinbede 1 v= —feoshe ae | ecostade = Fs (aconbe + bind) +6 AT. ‘The integrals cancel each other if you integrate by parts. Jet coshbede = Let E20 2 12 19, = f° sin-tede [sorte VIZBI = 50. 2 [eft on st o (In 2e)? os [ 22 0 _ [taza ~ 2e87. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. SECTION 8.2 389 se gp Eo MetT _ (ke Deted sede = tw = a 7 1 L 81 yt 14s [meondeede= [teindee Booed] w-[ 2a? sin ede = 2x [-2* cose + 2esinz + 2cosz|% = 2n(n® — 4) w= [ ‘Qrate® dz =2n(e-2) (see Example 6) nA : % -[ Bea? cosa dr = 2x fx? sinc + 2x cosa + 2sinz]—” = F(a? ~8) rin |" resintede = be tet 2esin22— cos2e]7 an, 11 pea, Vex [ns sde=n[je— jez)” oie 44390 SECTION 8.2 os. 1 a= cosh dz = {sinh 2} = sinh 2(e-1) sinh: ~ cosh al = sinh ~ cosh +1 = 2E= es 4 1d 44d gA= |] 5 cosh’ [sinh cosh z + 2] 4; (sinh Lcosh 1 = vA [3 hn? dz hecoshe + a}5 = 5 (8 +1) er 2 ef + 4e7=1 efore P= and p= SED. Therefore = TT Zand Be(— 1) 68. (@ = f " p2cosh 2d = © Bo? + 2esish2x—cosh2z], = Z(t + 2sinh2 —eosh2)(a) tee [sot seen 1+ 2sinh2 — cosh? 2(2 + sinh 2) eo. lok 5 Lemad]! = Fata ) aye f arzcosh? ede = T(1 4 2sinh2 — cosh2) f 2nx cosh «dx = 2x [x sinh z — cosh 2}} = 2n(sinh 1 ~ cosh 1+ 1) 14 2sinh 2 ~ cosh 2 ((sinh 1 — cosh + 1) we ee or. . anes dente y fees 68. [oxy ae = 20n2yn—n f 2002 en MO ey = x(inz)" =n fnz)” tae 69. 70.n. 73. 74. [r SECTION 8.2 391 fra) dx = 20m) - 3 [onsyae = ain) = de(in2)? +6 finzde = a(lns)? —Se(tns)? +62 Ine 6 f a = 2(Inz)* - 32(lnz)* + 6x Inv -62+C [oostas=stnzy'—4 fina) de = tina) —4[xtina) ~2 f ony] = a(ln2)* — dz(Inz) + 12 fina) ae = a(lnz)* = de(in)* +12 [amet -2 [was] = x(lnz)* ~ 42(in2)* + 122(In2)? — 242 Ine + 242 + Aate® +3A0%e? + 2Bxe¥ + Brte* + Ce + Oxe® + De® C=6, and D=~6 [ecdnte-a [ated (2) Differentiating, 2%e* = A=18 >) ase ater +6008 6 [ede = oe? ~ Bae + 620" — Ge +0 Use induction on &. For k= 0, P(z) is a constant and the result follows immediately. Now suppose the statement is true for k = n and let P(2) have dgree n+ 1 Then P(x) = az"*! + Q(z) for Q(z) of degreen. (ale? de =a J ae det / Qle)et ar =ar"eF —a(n+1) [re det [oye sar" teF — a(n + Ya" — nln — Ta" bee eF + (Q(x) = Oe) $+ EQM eT = [a2 + Q(2) ~ foln + 1)e" + Q'@)) ++ LOM Ele +e = (Plz) - Pi) +--+ PO) er +0392 SECTION 8.2 7%. Let u= f(z), dv =9"(x)dz. Then du = f'(z) dz, v = g'(z), and ‘ . [ sevateevae = iseiacan = f° fel ceyae = Now let u= f(z), dv = o'(2) de. Then du = f"(2) dz, 0= ff Poste) de since Jo) = $0) = g(z), and -f Posed =E-s'@aterh+ f s"e)0l2) a2 = [oosrerae since g(a) = 9(6) = ‘Therefore, if f and g have continuous second derivatives, and if f(a) = g(a) = f(b) = g() = 0, then froded= [sores 76. (@) Ha)de = (payed) - fF" @le-2 de (@) waT@ wad / von dun figés ved = Faye a)~ [sare Dae ) aah 8 gn 10)~ 10) =F(0\0-0)- [EG] + [BE e—wrae w=s"@) = roye-a+ Laps [Levy aun p'(a)de =F @e—a) + -ay +f (e-DPae PROJECT 82 1. Let P be a regular partition of the interval [0,n). The present value of dollar continuously com- pounded at the rate r on the interval [é.1, tj i8 approximately Re-T' At. Therefore it follows that the present value ofthe revenue stream over the time interval [0,n] is given by the definite integral puis [Rev at 2 (a) PV. = 1000" gt = 25,000 fe-®°#}é = 25, 000(1 ~ e°!9) ~ $3696.41 (e) Pv. = [s000e-*% at = 12,500 fe“ 8g = 2, 50001—e°#) = S828 0 3. @ pv.= f° ovo +6meea 2 a 000 fet at +60 f° te! ae lo I = 100-209? 00 [201 — one]?SECTION 8.3 393 (by parts) = [- (48000 + 12000) ¢-*°] = 44000 — 46400 e""” = $2016 (b) 2000 + 609 eat x00 [-10e-]} 4.60 [-s01e- —100e-9)? (by parts) [+ (16000 + 6008) e-*/29)? = 16000 — 17200e-92° = $1918, . comer ft 0 a [ (2000 + 6ns}e-2°% a = 1000 f/ 5 I 20, 00 [e-® 4)‘ +60 [-2nte-2°%! — 400e"05")* ~ $1,015.64 4 7 4 () pu.= [ (2000 + e0xe-2 ae = 1000 eo ar oo f te ae = ~10,000 [e°4]$ + 60 [-10te-°*# — 100e-]$ ~ $852.67. 5. r(t)=asinut, with a,w positive constants. asinwteT dt =af et sinwtdt rsinut — weosut|t - ap eersinun —weoswn). SECTION 8.3 1 J s0° ede = [0-co# 2)sinzae = feos! 2 — cosz +6 [ft tae fb bane 3 wf 7/8 | — cos6x 1 1 ie on 3. sin® = |52- Gsinér 7 PP satscan= [PE tom fe tpomte = 4. fasted [traséejouzde sue Lande rc Jootsae f i394 SECTION 8.3 5 [cost esi’ xe = f cost (1 — cost 2) sins de = [cost 2— cos) sinzdz = — feos + eos 2 +0 feos! 2+ 20st 2 +0 6 fae cuatede= feat -ent a enede = 3 3 1% [s0° x00 de = [ sin? (1 ~sin? 2)cosede = [6 2 ~ si s)cos sae = fsin's— Jind 2+ 8. sntoe(h a sin? 2e(5 + 5 cos22) de sin? zoos! rdx = [ (sinzcosz)* cost 2de = [+ I I i =} Point onde e} fan? 11,1 nae) « Leint =} [sntaede! [antarentede=! (Ie lands) «aware tanet+C — 10, f ese?2eds = — Foote +6 2 n. [rsssede= teeta 1tanede = [tse zée~ [ianzde Hass + In cosa] +C 12, eot?ede= f cot lse?s ~ 1) de = — Scot? x —In|sing| +6SECTION 8.3 395 1 [ootsee= [ (= a =f [ (1 ~ 2e1822 + cos20) de J (2 temae+ EE) ae 2 J (fests Leta) = fe~tsin2e+ dsinde + f sintrds = [22 fsin 22+ dysindz]? u. [cos cos dx [o-sat2y~2sin?2)cosede = f(a sin? + 2sint cose wsne-satey ate +0 15. [sre cossede = [ 5 sin(—2) + inde} de = [ jl-sina + sino) de = feosz — fyeosse + ap (sinz + sin5z) dz oe cscacote ~ f escecot? de escacate~ f esox (ese? 1) dr396 SECTION 8.3 Thus 2 fected =—cusetr+ [cde ‘so that [ectsde=-Lewsotz+ Hnjacsctel + 20. [sorede = Lseorstanne— [ tan? xeseonads dy = soc? xz de seoratannz— [ sec'xede+ [ seonede 1 |du=mscenztanrad: v= —tanxz wa [set rede = Leecretane+ Halonen : 1 [octrede= Leceotaners Lin|nere taal #€ a. se? esin2eas= [ sin? 2(2sin2cos2) de =2 fesdeones =4}sint2+C 22, a [2 cost 8 sx de [0 cot ate= [ont cond)" +3 [te 2 egetosine + Se Xsin2e] = 3% 4 Be 6* | «6 mn fanteae= [ (0-2) a 1 [o-soae 3.cos? 2x ~ cos? 22) dr 3 oh [ fi-sewze +s (LES) -cotet ata] 2 2 f (S-tcote Bente aces) ae in? Or +O fsinde + Ssinds + dySECTION 8.3 397 * [cot esi ede = [oo esi esin ze = [ co? x(t~ cosa) sine de cose 1s Lo Fat poten oot sc = feos? 2 ~ 20082 +082) sina de = — aA “A . . 25. f. cot aden [" (ese? de = [ents ~ 20/2 = vB E 26, fastede= [ tan? aoec?s~1de= [tan?rsectede— fan? ede ftante tang +2+C = hoes flewte—nyde= ar. [ootsuctade= [lads —t)eutronsde = [oc csc? 2)esexcotzdr l cart bescts +0 +3 28. (sec? x — 1) sec? seer tan x dz Lis Logs 7 Leechs Hance +6 5 1 29 [ensesntede= [ Ucosse— costs) de }sin3e — ysin 72 +C 30. c sin 5z.cos2ede J sin(Ss — 22) +sin (be +22)] de 1p foos3z cos7z)"* 54+ V2 2 [anaes sinteyae= [Be REE) a [oct tede [1+ cote) tote = 82, [sectseaz= [1+ tax? 30) sec? de = 2s [st aede = [ton ae a2) = [ta arse? a de fan? ede J ts0° 3200? Sede ~ f (tan 32sec 30 ~ tan 8) de = ytan‘3e — } tan? 32+ }n|sec32|-+C398 34. 35. 36. 37. 38, 39. SECTION 8.3 [ot ade feo? ae tects) = [cece 2s ots Be tote de = Lott ae+ bettas Lijeindal eo 3 a :. ‘a [oo oat reco aed [stare on ne onde “ hn fu=singrz, du=3n cos3rrdz] 2 [Ovsrscafetee! 1p 7 Bn. LQ we 2 an)? 2" (cafe scosBfe) sen! [Lane Zant)" = [(" cowsesnacde =" Minse~sn2s) de - dy cos62 + 4 cos 22]! fsina2—sinz)?de = f (sin? 92 —2sin dein + sin 2) de 11 11 = [Gj ~ joosee conte + cost +5 ~ 5 00828) de L 1 3 qpsinGs + Fsindz — Fein 22+ C sacs’ -3 f cst eae sec ztanzde, stanzsee 23 [sechede +5 [se edeSECTION 8.3 399 Rearranging terms, we get 4 [se xde—tancsed' 243 [ sod ade We have already seen that [2 ede = feecetana + Fin joes tana) +0, ‘Therefore [octode= hancsets+ Secstans+ $i seco rane] + tet ede Seasutss Pecotenst Sn ‘ [ow sde= co sete [ssc ate cache du = esc? 2, dz =n seater 3 fea ade +9 [esc eds Bes’ zeoteds vu cate 4 [nde = - ce root2 +3 | cx zde = ~ esc zeats — Sewzcote + Sin|escx — cote! [oeed= Gow reots — Sesezcotz + Pn |esez — cots] +C a. [ostosatsde ante (as?s se? et = [sate stants) nd 2a Lear duates0 5 22. [cottresctnds [ott e(cot + 1) oe? xe cat? s— Foote + C (sin ($2) ~ sin (Bx) de 43. J ss(e(m costes = a4. [" swtera w= tangl 2= © (glia ae [as Pz sected400 SECTION 8.3 oA ah a. ff csc zcoteds = ["" ox? xesc ota de nis a x16 it ar. f tan? aede= [ (ccc? 22 — 1) de = [}tan22~ 8 ayh-2 48. t tanzsec' ade = tc sec!/? pseextanzdz = [jeer]. 49. A= [[steae= [} (1 ~cos22) de = } [2 $sin2da]y = 3 7 - co. ve [cet ate w [E222] a2 2 4 dana = [roa de =e [ sint de = x [ (3(0~ costs)? de Ef (1 necsts + co? 2) de = Tle sinaslg + [C1 + costa) ae 3x? + 5 e+ fsinds]) = 2 ait . 52. vaf (costs sin? s)de =a [ cos2eds = [sin 2zIg/" = bo lo 53. ve [ef -anta| dees [2s] de = [de tansy! =e sa v= [ete [patemtmce | an(@-9) ss. OV [oe ri¢anz +1? - 1] ae= [" (ten? + 2tanz] de =[" (sect 2 +2tanz ~ 1) de =nltanz+2In |secx| —a]g/* = 9 [nz+1~4] 56. 57. Suppose m fn fon me sin nade = J eosin = n)x ~ cos(m +n)z}dz _ sin(m—n)z _ singm+n)z ="2m=m) amen) O58. 59. 60. 61. SECTION 8.3 401 Now suppose that m =n [sar sinned = [atmede= [Yama de (c= gisnane) +0=$- 22240 (a) / sinmscosnz dr = 3 / [sin(mz — na) + sin(mz +na)] de = cos(m — nz _cos(m + n)z [SSE - SEE et mae some to itm (b) [cosmscosnede =5 [ cost ~n)e-+ coslm-+n}e] de sin(m—n)z | siofm +E Ge map “aim=n) + aGnany TO me 2mm men Suppose m 4 n: fsin(m —n)2 _ sin(m +n)z [sn sn nade = [Sem _ Sin Suppose m =n [{snete= (@) Using Exercise 58 and the fact that oss isan even function, —[” sinmz ose ds = 0 (b) . 0 men [ oxmacunede = x if man Let u= cos"! 2, dy =cosrdz. Then du = (n~1)cos"-?2(-sinz)dz, v=sinz and [cost de = cox" sina + (n=) feos? sin? ds = eos asin + (n=) f cos? 2 ~ cos?) de seos tain + (n= 1) f cos? ede (n=) [cost nde402 SECTION 8.3 Adding (n - 1) J cos" zdz to both sides, we get “foteacoe ‘dna (a= fot ade cota frosted = teoe*esnzs 222 foot *ede n-1 [ar teand”+ 62. c sin 2dz = oe ‘e_sinde)"? oe 2-1 0 0) Fe n=2, [ sin? ede ~ [5 - 55 [eng te gE *? ted? [ 2h cosaiti? =2 For naa, [ sede = 5 [" sinzds = j[-cosals” = 5 ‘The result then follows fom (a) by induction. 0 [cor ede= f°" sur (5-2) ae=— [sat ade = (u=2/2-2) aft) 64.2 16 m2 (5-31) _ S/pt oe, [eat ede = 842 oa catede= ($24) 2 = Sie f "Pt du 65. [oorreds= [cot? cot? nde = [cot? 2 (oe? ~2) dr = | feos cot? 66. (@) feotede= SE - fcornds = 0 -tn|siasi + cot? rt ®) [ooteds= 252 = footede= EF seore tere ott Qe cott2z | cot? 2x (foot 2ede = = ~ [cot 2ede = 2 + S022 5 Fin|singl + or. fowteden foes adse Let eas | dv = csc? edz. Then du = —(n ~ 2)csc""? 2 cote de, v = —cotz and [estzde=-(n—2ese™*2 ote —(n=2) fcc? cot ade = ose? x cote (n=2) f xe” 2 (csc@z— 1) de a ota (n=2) f (ose"2— ex" *2) arSECTION 8.4 403 ‘Adding (n— 2) / csc" dz to both sides, we get (n- 0 f ext 2dr = Hee Fe cote + (n—2) f ac 2eds, hus, weatta cite n=? f cont [verse SORE | NAF fg tad 8. (6) fessde=- SEBEL} fede = SEU 4 Niger cote + 0) fosetade = SEH 2 fond age = SEE oor ©) [oe sear =- S28 8 gsc - ce Secatte ~SEESEHEEE 4 Sig esce—oata| +0 SECTION 8.4 1 z=asinu |. acosudu de = acosudu J wes acosu = [u=uscmsnr (2) 40 2 {gh}: [ate | cists Vise? w 2VAsectu 1 1 “Jonas dumese =! tic © 2 Vets? [ete f Sos (5=27)87 © J (Scos?u)3/? 1 2. =} fu 1 2 = ttanu+o= + +0 5 byez & { z= V5sinu } dz = V5 cosudu Lye leas 4. {einat}: Lwee af" wan [i]! =vp- $= 088404 SECTION 8.4 5. {git }: [VFA aem feast useoude dz = secutanudy = [22 u— secu) du = Foccutanu — Fin|secu + tanu| +6 Section 84 = VP a1 finlet VATE tu §_yaro=-Vi-a 40 a2 ® a= - [ame [a z= 2sinu Asin? u, r {iS desua} J roca toned . Ssec?utanu antene {ahaa}: [eat | ee “fe udu Dfeevtane + 2n|scu tana +, eevee alo, ahaa +2mle+ VEHA+O (C=C, - 2102) 1 =feVP—442In 5 442 9 {titi} [ gtareen-p [Seat ee= pete no, {22205 abs [peepee [SEE aunt fa econ = 4 | (ee u— seu) a =4 ( seeutanu }in|seeu + tana) +0 = leV8F4-2m (2+ VEF4) +0 (absorbing 2In2 into C) we Ce aa} [capes | Gant [tee fe w= du=tanu-u+C{ { “{ Cee le » (SESE? }s {hate =4-2 du = —20dz f¥ dz = 4cosudu f* SECTION 8.4 [atawe} | ehuwec = fin? +2")+0 [we wide = -: OP du iu c a PyP4e 2 256.in® woos i de> au = 64 [ sin? udu Tia octet] 264 feat ysnade = (cou =} (Viera) -6Vie=w +0 [pgp te= [Se 20 eave = av 2 =5sinul2= 0 = u=0 } dz = Scosudulz=5 => u=n/2fi f * Vea Far = [ 7” sin u)*(Seoeu)? du x= VStanu dr = V8sec? udu =o [" (sin? u — sin u) du = 625 iF ZS 5]- = TE se Brercie 62, Section 8.3] ee ase" (1) +o=a0 (2) +0 }: [ove Fo . [site ou= [22M ly 405 Jee406 SECTION 8.4 = [eeu —cosuy au = In [secu + tanul —sinu+C vViFe+2) = w= (EY) - aie (absorb —In V8 in C) = In (V#F8+2)- Eve ‘248 wm {er etap [AaB en [Gale fowtuac at o-oo Vg z=asinw cos tdi w (2itata} [aca /aeean 7. [oe = in |eseu—cot) +6 1 =n pF .¢ z= atanu ae asec? udu 20. {a roe au Vera | Jetantur i) = [ secudy =In|secu + tana +C =unle+ VErel+e a. {grisea}! [oe = [Sart foe =In [secu +tanu) + +0 (absorb — Ina in C) =In Jer ve—@ +0 22. [ Jota dx = 1 (Aten of circle of radius a) = 723. 24, { { { -{ “{ 2 = 3tanw dz = 3sec? udu i a Vore z= secu dr = secutanudu 2 =atanu alta} [ae / aie dz = acosudu dz reStemet) | aygce/ desea SECTION 8.4 }: J giapes [RE tees 221 fstusecuds oar | (ctu 1) secu tanudu =27[}s0cu - secu] +0 = $942)? 9942)" 40 de= [Eo +2)°? -9(9+24)'"]? =18-9v2 } [Re = [ Bo scvtanude = [astudus (cee'u- du stonu—u40= Ve—1- tant Ve -140 asec? udu 1 f secu du @ J tatu =i du = G | cotwesew =~ foosutc=-Lere+e } Laie / sate =} fotudra—beawse ae +0 asecutanudu od feauae 407408 SECTION 8.4 28, =i ied ae WATE ie tanudu Ssecu (Stanu) 1 #} feosua =hsinu+C 29. =hetVTO+0 / poi =2secu 9. {7 Urata}? 2secutanu 2tanw = [coud =tnlneu-tanal +6 =tnlp-14 VE=TF= a+ (e-2, 2>2 31. (eaerai={ GoOe ans 32. a3sinu Beosud w= | SreeSECTION 8.4 409 = asin" (255) - Vae=# +0 3 33. {Plea} [vere Race f VISA ae = [00+ sinuy(osu) cose = [ (6008? cos sina) du =f [}EE) coe usin a u 3 1 + psindu— 5 eos! 2 3a 3 1 = 5 sin (2-3) + Fe—- aera =8—Lor—2t 940 o (F422 208 } 42 f 242 dz = 3sec! udu J Vide r 3 Verirro = | FEE see udu f secutanude =Ssecu+C= Veedes13+C Eta) | rece / eee 2tanu—1. = | secraye tee ne 1 fdtanu—1 a] eee = § | sin cos — cos? w) ds 1 scents 2 f (einsonn— ES!) a =3| (gatas) de) -10 (Gs) Getes)] + eats Lett) ~ 82? +2245) 16 2410 SECTION 8.4 vo. (TDs we 2eeannae [wees Ta = [EES aeccutansdu $2 [oecus 20a =In|secu + tanul +2tanu+ =in|p-14 VP 3 + VPC Sr} [Vere eae [ me ae = [cos tu = [as 2 sin2u mM ec =} [sin (@—3) +(e -3) VE] +0 2+3=3secu _ - 38. { ie Sek eanuen }? [VET ae [ETI Vae = [(-9+ secujatanudaeentansedn 527 f tan? useou + tan? usec?) du =27|-deccutanu +} in|seou + tanu| + 2 tan? =m|-} tanu+ $n) +tanu|+ Feat] +c =feraVe ret Dinler 3+ VP eee] +e? +60)? +0 39. Let r=atanu. Then dz =asectudu, v2? Fa? =asecu, and lotr [oot tudeSECTION 84 411 cpt ae = dt f costudu= 2 [Su4tsin2u+ 2 sinau— 4 sin? [rhe foten lebanese § alte “2/8 3 Jct) Sauce [fut jinn + Fin con alco? sna) — psn? cot |+e 16 2), 2,3 s(4-2%) 448 Gade a2 fbn -alp J weeps [ote = feos! usinu + Seosusinut ut [by the reduction formula (8.3.2)] = Senter 8 ieey *ieay 2. feanut tu+e ptanut du Lita dea bran te +e 1) 11 S+h)-jere 43, met hervi-#) +0 i) atvinwec a)*a412 SECTION 8.4 44. =F 2 a5 eadmeu des Seccutanuds) [=P ae=o [ tan?uau (where d= see? 3) 45. 2 1 ) dene ae lo (1+2%) 7 = costudu — [e =tanu, see Ext3] b af (1+ 0082u) du 2h Z fu }sin2u]g! 5 lus Sainz 46. AT. We need only consider angles 8 between 0 and x. Assume first that 0< @ < ‘The area ofthe triangle is: 3rsin8 cos8. ‘The area of the other region is given by:48. 49. 51. 52. 53. 5a. 35. SECTION 8.4 413 [ iverie= 8 [yer Ein (ys vETE)) = 20 [Eto (14 v9)] ee eee) VFA Slain + vat =Hl] = 2-123 = Qn. [ine+ Vat ¥eA)]” = m0 + v9) [Vea], = (9-12 ay = SoM v2 ev rte= [Lend] = , @ rar tu M= dex [ety] = 2 ay = (I~ anf VE @de= [JevP=e— Jornfes Va] = }o°[v2- In(v3+1)] we [Caleta ke, ae [ea] a= leew @ (2- Va 3Vi-ne Dy 33-24] Using J and A found in Exercise 53, a= va samy 2 Ve = 2nyA = or ? [va-intv2-+1)] = trot 2 v3) do BW" gat2+ v3) ia av, = [rele a) de = frat = 2 RA= 2m? Wy = | na(a?—a2)dz = Lat arta beet ppm [raat ety de = bos414. SECTION 8.5 56. (a) 4 (se "-"5r 7 e + [ eceu~ coon i? wean) de =e [tsseu+ tan ~sinu- gent)” st. (@) secu tanudu [r= 3secu] os = [In|secu + tan u| ~ sin ulg/* =ing+v9-%2 (© zA [= ve Baee ["" (osetu3) du = (Btanu ~ duff! = 3V3— 7 ___2(3v3—z) Ths 2 Fin (2+ va) — v3 1 ° 1a 5 w=} wi f(S 3 Thus, — o- Dpme+ va) -va SECTION 8.5 a 1 _ AB Pytet6~ tet) z+1 F406 1=A(e+6)+ Ble +1) g=-6: 1=-5B => B=-1/5 4s V/s. Wet6 z+1 =+62. 5. SECTION 8.5 415 Ge re+5) i* a? = A(x” +42 +5)+ (Bz + C)(z-1) gal: 1=10A = A=1/10 r=0: 0=5A-C = C=5A=1/2 Coefficient of 2? is Br+o Peers A=9/10 2 a4e+B, @syer he) esi erty a= (Az +B)(e? -1) +(e - 12? +1) + let Ne? +1) gol 1=4D = D=1/4 r=2: GA+SC+15D=2=54 2/2 ya aA of! —W@-4 _ @—1t +413 + 6-1)? (e141 8 (=n) “GF GF w-3r-1_ t-3r-1 A BO Prem set2@rl) 2+ 242" z-1 #7 80-1 = Ale + 2)(2 1) + Bale 1) + Cale +2) eT E42 Beetece2 a eatyee2 Art B | Os+D Wea +2 ~ Genta) ott + 4d 42% +2+2=(Ar+B)(2? +2) + (C2+D)(2? +1) = (A+C)2*+(B+D)z"+(2A+C)2+2B+D AFC =1=2A+1 =) A=0, C=1; B+D=1, 2B+D=2= B=1, D=0 Loe Rte) wal eo Paral De? 62? 1is—6 (Ile Dle-3) ~ z— 2x? 41 = A(z ~ 22-8) + Ble ~ Ve 3) + Ole Nl -2)416 SECTION 8.5 =2d => A=3/2 -B = B=-9 z=3: 19=20-0=19/2 aa? 41 329, 192 Woe elis—6z-1 7-2" 2-8 1A, Bet, Det E 8 Sarai et ae * Ga 1 = Ata? 41)? + (B24 C)e(a? +1) + (De + Ee Constant term: A=l, atte: O=A+B = B Pterm: 0=C, stem: 0=244B+D = D term Rle) = 9. =Injz-2|-Inle+5]+0= z 1/2 10. 2g = f (22 {eenesnera* Ia =—ip[e+1]+2inje+2|—3tnfo+a|4+ 2 2 ue 2H48 2@-1) 22? 43 = Atle ~ 1) + Ble-1) + C2" =-Sinje|+ 2 +5in|o—1} +0 12, = Info|4n e—1)-+ln|e+ 1+SECTION 8.5 417 13. We carry out the division until the numerator has degree smaller than the denominator: ahaa? + 1204324 OE Then, 80r~ 128 _ 80r— 16043280 32 (@- 27 (2-2) 80, J gigpee | (Ste vere 2 fats Se +02? + 322-480In fe — 2} 4 3 M4. = | (Aer2 see +ae+i6+ 2) a = fats ats hat ste? + 162+ 32inle— 2). 1s. 243 FoRet2e-1*z-2 2+3=A(r—2)+B(e-1) =B = Be [sEne-/( we [atte f(b de de 1 18. Iwtu \aa-= (e+I+C Tin |x —2|-4In|z—1)+0 Ye ytsce-gtag se Wey =-yEFD ~ 19, an e- # = A(e—I)(e+1) + B@+1)+C(@-1)? B= B=1/2 4C => C=1/4418 | SECTION 8.5 -A+B+O => A=3/4 leery IG =finie-al- 2=0) 3/4 12, aa eit 74) « 1 +zhle++o 1/1 3\es1 We » [eset | [ete en af 16 = (2? —4)(2? +4) = ( - 2) + 2)(0" +4) a1. BCz+D +25 2244 1= A(z +2)(2? +4) + Bla — 2)(2? + 4) + (Cx + D)(z? - 4) 2 129A => Ane -32B => B=-1/32 1=8A-8B-4D => D=-1/8 1=154-5B-30-3D = C=0 22. Lf. i f_te+h if ehe-i/ ines | ae 1, (fn 2e+t ot \ ert Bit4e—4e-1 Art B | Cr+D ery 28. wae eT = (Az + B)(2" +1) 4 (Cz+D) 244s? — Ae-1=B+D 0=24+2B +0 +D =-2A42B -C +D =D SECTION 8.5 419 =-B-1 = 6 =4B42D 6 =-24+ 8-0 at4 15=10A+5B +2C +D 15 =10A + 20 +20 -5 ai 44g? - 42 — = 4 bz 5 f wai tas= | (Fatah +1” @ +i wor) a 1 7 5 a @ pint +1) satan tet oy S etm For this last integral we set. anu if de - | fats sec? udu. Jot ute etudufi J G+iy J Ort uy § [or comaau } (w+ $sin2u) +0 =H(utsinucosu) +c +yia) +e Substituting this result in (+) and rearranging the terms, we get Bde? 4041 Sante S=2) Lint? Grea a in + +p tans + ay 24. | ale du +e +0 . @riy a “ 1 2 - "Qt ey 1 Ae+B | Cr4D sg the hs 25. ret 4d 4 Qe HD" P22 $2 (using the hint) = (Ax + B)(2? — 20 +2) + (Cr+ D)(2? +22 +2) 2 1=2B42D A= 8 z 1=A4+B+5045D Baa = 1=-5445B-C+D [— C=-1/8 2 1=44+2B+200+10D) = 1/4SECTION 8.5 [ani [eoea =i [Fier 420 aH? Frei” [aie etl Fema” n (TERED) 1 gta) 8 dr. 26. wae? 2 / (ee 4 WVirt4 va (_2242v8 al (Se _v2 22-22 64 J \at-2Var+4 = inlet +ave+4l+ als — Gy nie? ~2v9e + 4+ va 6 We +4 2-3 Baw 27. 2 In (a? +2042) + $tan“* (e+ 1) — _v2 (xEH)- 2-3 PEt 2-2 Wet? afar i/ stan waaete | Goat In (2? —22 +2) + fan (@-) +0 tar (@ +1) + dtm (2-1) +E V2 -s=94)) * wt Peavierd 23 -_ 9 _) a) wae n( Lan 6 va Bir B ta + 1 A DF =3= An(2 +1) + Birt) +07* | sepe [pe 3 =4n[s} + 8 4m es jre= 2 +4in |S afdena[2; z|+¢SECTION 8.5 421 1 sf ayes SLsp arti ote =i/[ea-ah om fl-st-a- 2, a) (z-17 FFI a wr ey 11 tf = Line ~~ Zinta? +1)- ean + ati (= ttt _ de-1), zt = B41 ) ery te 2. ttl sti A, Be Bee We-Dery 2? r-2 asd 2+1=A(e—2)(2 +3) + Bele +3) + Cx(z-2) g=0: 15-64 => A=-1/6 3=10B = B=3/10 22150 = C / zt Pee 2/15 Spot iS tyde~ BS gar BS fin [el + $ln fo—2]- Zine +3] +0 Btese43 1 . 30. (aaetie-/(4 - £5) a= tant24 Fin(s? +3) +0 ee = tn frs}-tin +a} (22) “) soa S71 = 32, w= (1-2 teee-[ G-en) 33, 3 gtd 43 [sae [nt Fine +0) Ser ef sheen) * = [piste din ets =o) =m (Z)-2 +1 oe I ares [ (eR35. 36. 37. 38, 39. 40. SECTION 8.5 0 6) sno—4°— +2 1 cost ag 3 8 1 Liniei ginlsind —4|~ GInjsind +2) +0 1 6 sin@ ~ 4 sind +2 |re é é arat=| tat |e = Injef +2} = Inlet + 3]+ 42 jena t =k 1 if 1f_i lima if werca*- i! mass 1 1 qiniine ~2|- Finjin +2) +0 1, |Int-2 q Bitz|+c sec? @ sec? sec? sec? J wastzeare = | cae [ee | Bro” =In|tan8 ~1|—In|tan6| + cot +C nf ne + cot +0 wand Lp Lp [ween [oat nl aa 1 = 5 (talu+o|~Inju~al) +0) +0 /al. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. | wary = lal - na ft vf SECTION 8.5 = A tinja+tu)—infui) - 2 +0 1 ad~be (» -. = adhe J le Ina + bul) + atin atbu b at e+ du bu abla bu} 46 +0 ad—be +e al ear a ora 423424. SECTION 8.5 1 m1 adios 24= (3) (apo[ os - a rhsa| ‘The rest is a routine induction. 47. Note that = Lp _at 48. [eve ede i/en® wstnts duende 1 at wwe TT 49. a= zA= = 2 png? +1) =4in waz ff i ee= fling? + fh = jn2 [tse a+ =i, = Hin +2) 50. 51.) was [aes oh eatery [Gs = [Bln [2 +3) —2tn |r +29 = 3ln7—5in3. 52. (a) =f tEgeee [ (4 b-h)«@ = 2n [x + 4injx +2] - 9ln|x + 3])f = 2m(4 + 13ln3 - 91n7)SECTION 8.6 425 (b) wv. = “ az? 27 27 w= f @raty* =f [Po- aoe 25- ee a+ [psine+2i+ 25 — aries) + 2)" 4 oe [f+ 3-194 55103- 2717] = + 55in3—271n7 2(4 + 13in3 = 91n7) -2 53. () , wan [) oaseae 8 12, 1 . = [ (eee - za) © ae 4 =F njesal— Za] = m-tnn2 =e 54 () Lege [lear Gros ty as? as Eso)” esa, 38” © wana) 26 ase ea “f. [-R-eor oe - cyl 7 108 144 7 737" =n (inte) 2, - Pe + eS] 2 (on- 3) a3 2 (on-®) SECTION 8.6 rev dud eg na}s tea f (45-1) au watt af a) 1m Aye stelt VE) 4e426 “{ 5. (a) ) 6. (a) SECTION 8.6 {aiiab [eee= [pe [(-ma)# =2u-2tan ut =2VE~2tan? VE+C {oie2 eae}: [viteare fo BSp=2/ (rata) =f (alae) * = 2u4Infu-1]-Inu+ 140 = ovire +n [een t) « +c ovire +n[ CEN) =2VTFE 4 2in(VIFe -1)-24+C weela} [zeta Jaca (G-a)* = 3in|u—1]—3ln|ul| + =3ln|u—1|—In|u’| +0 =Sinja¥ —1] Info| +6 (ouelar }) [eviFeae= [oot nenrud = f (2u! — 2u2) du = Ww 240 = Fe 4 19? — Pet IP24C0 {erie} [oviFeer= [eu nvide= [(er-w?) aw = hit -qwrsc =H +2)9?- 2042940 foun nar? }s [eviFeae= [utah 2uae = [eet aut 2a 2 2a “7 - iv 4 bee = Rater - Ma aay +larmroSECTION 8.6 427 (b) {acir’} [evizzar= fu vias [ots nvedw 2 aa _ Ayia, 2 22 Ayer, Bye 7 5 +5 +e 2 = Fast? Sasa? + Fa septse [eer emtae = [u+ 3) 2udu = [ (2u' + 6u2) du = iS 420940 ~ 19? 422-1)? 40 ‘ {MLE} fe-vvErtae= [oe-avies 2s ar = fu? -aw +0 ahaa meen" xc a 2 a+ey dea f GEapeee= = fot-w au 1 1 “Tey ayo =-1t y aa see 10. {ite}: [xara dee [(u-nwran By Bye ahve. fueee =Sa+a7-3 a3 =p tay Ta +ayac a {nlah Je dex f (45) mau=2f (otis) ao Sul 42u+2inu-1+0 =242yi+2In|yz—1|+C428 SECTION 8.6 usetl 2 ne [a 2. {aia} [gene [ee = fu? aw 20 = Fern? ernie wWer-1). vezit uty me 4 1s. {oui 2 ae }: = ae = [PAavau= [ (224+ 4) ae =u +4u44In|u-1]+C =2-144¥E7144in|¥z—1-1) 40 (absorb -1 in C) =a4dvesi+4in|\Ven~ 1+ tee, facu 4 {eae} iee-/ aan 12 ={(i-s)# =In|ul = 2infl + ul +O =2-2inl+e)+C ws (ahser} [ee /Qe5-/f-al* = Inju—1|-Infut aj +e viFe-1 VIF +1. ony [WEE = EW 16 +0 =» [SSS =2In(viFe -1)-2+C 16. {abe eae} [s- -lata =~ Inlul+ini+uj +e liw Htl.0 wae +C= inl +e) +0SECTION 8.6 429 at. f = 2244)? 80+ EO = ie-8)\veFa+c w+3 1 * wet (tha) & = t+ Vita (S) +e co (eo +e i [ates 8a = Pez 1 due dyad Ay =p [0-2 Hw da = Fut bt Bat ec 4" W)5 du = de $M? + be $I? - Be 8? +O 20. [evertae= [ernie Bw hers Bata Fea devi Bey +0 web ™ mae} [tata [Fo 5 [o-w yaw = ute) +e= meth = toda 22, 2 29/2 apy A 2b +e Filer a varrb+o430 SECTION 8.6 2 23. u=tan(e/2), de= 7 Sy du ~ iw Sees Tew SPS Tew — _a {a= = 2. T¥ cosa — sing ie 24. us tana/), de= 75 du iw : ose ire 1 2 - ott irae [og rea =[eareicee= [are A) 25. 26. u=tan(s/2), de= 5 du Qu sine = 5SECTION 8.6 431 fode-fectes 2 inf t43=¥8 | 4c ve | Vera 8 2 | tan®(z/2) +3- vB [tan?(x/2) + 3]? ar. u= tan(e/2), au [owe nee sine = 2, 2 ad ee Tea? 1 © | Fe = § (Im jul — hu?) + C= $m | tan(x/2)!) — § ftan(x/2)?? +e 28. 2 |e” Tapa me nmi= [i ~furson Injt ttan (Z) [+0 29. us tan(z/2), de = sing = Ta432 SECTION 8.6 yoiew? Less, fitip@ 2 ne “flee on HIG? +1) 2mm eet} +e =n[Sty-a]+¢ uti wat = tan?(x/2) +1 a - =a a leer) sary t= lm taneyei + © 1 2 “ same [ie wae 2 2 du -/caet/ the Bags (UZ S/S ( 4/5 <[ Bias [fe 3 ou4 dean“ us @-= 229? — ae? 4 2tan-t al? 4 aed fp 21 ‘ +2tan* jer 20 +2tant2'4] 1 — Sly z * {una} [ ne® =f (@-ak) du = [2u2n|1-+ ull?SECTION 8.6 433 33. 2sinz cose 2+ cose + Oy frie -[-ai)a = 2u—4in [2+ ulJj =2 + 41m (2) 34. { us tan(x/2), de ny 5 Erm =e raves [leery] = [rina 25]! =2m2-1 I" uti), u=tan(z/2), de = 35. 2 aecar®: |i “fos = In ju~ 1] +0 = In |tan(e/2) - 1] +6 4 a [ FSET = [i [tan(e/2) — 1185" = 36. = [v —2u+2In|1 ul] =2in2—1 2 uatant), d= a7. 2u ew434 SECTION 8.6 [oorar= [Zoe 2 mina aaa [ie | du=- te —ul+in Weul+e iat iew _, [Lt tan(z/2) =n | ae re 38. (@) ussinz a ose verde = f (A {o"} / are Finn ul init ult 2 utp =In T+sing _ ee a] secz + tan] Tsing ~ cone 39. [oortes [She- [ieee 1 -- fu [wscoss, dua — sinzds] {2 du fu=ooss, du J =3/\aa -al¢ “ = Flin e-a)—in ju tae = 40. sik (5) = yoo’ (G) -1= Ee sinh = 2sinn (3) cosh (3) = 745, du boceh? (2) de> de = 200s (5) du 14a Iw cota = cos? (Z) + nt? (Z) = du a us tank(e/2), de=SECTION 8.7 435 1-w focees= [GR ee a “14 4 C= 2tan” (tanl =f chpavm tert t0 ate anne] +0 42, J eee =| ae oye [dsausc=tam (2) +0 2/2 “3. tanh(a/2), ae a coshe = J wanetaore = Saha + coohe = = laa 1-e 1 cosh sinh “ [ieee [Saker Egy 2, -[/HeSS 7 Hee Sy T -/ 2 du= Inj w4] +0 = Inf tank? (2) [40 SECTION 8.7 1 (@) Lan = IO 1444 9+ 16-425 436 +49 +644 81 + 100+ 121] = 506 (b) Rag = Bll +449+16 +25 +36 +49 +64 +81 + 100+ 121 + 144) = 650 (0) Mg = B(L+9425-+49+ 814121] = 572 @) Ta = Bl0+ 21 +4494 16+ 25 436 +49 + 64 +81 + 100+ 121) + 144] = 578 (©) Se= Bl0+ 144+ 24 + 16-4 36 + 64+ 100) +.4(1 + 9-+25 + 49-481 + 121)] = 576 [rede [le]! ame 2 (a) 0.500000 (b) 0.500000 [sores =SECTION 8.7 apa 1 1 1 1 1 @ ten §[totinie tra tip ti ial = [l+$si+Ssh4 ph) o 1304 () R= 3 [> at, ,4, 1,1) Rem 141 Trae 148° 14+125/8 1+ sibs He vptiede oni apa 1 1 8.8.8 ©) as=3 [etic time] ett Jag = 141882 @ m%=Sf+ b+ ha b+ hy) +] © 11599 © S=f+R+2b+ Yes + H+ h)} e184 (a) 0.4229 (b) 0.4339, 1 1 1 1 [+2 (Get aaa ros) =) [142 ($+ $+) +4] x 07e28 (b) = llr g+2(B+d+8) +4 (G4 H+ G+ GH)] = 0.7854 (a) 0.8511 (b) 0.8542 @) ? + cos (§)” + cos (2)"] 21.8400 ) T= 1)? + 2008 (53)° + 200s ($t)* + 2e0s (5E)" + 2.c0s(0)? + 200s (1)” + 2cos (})” + 2cos (3)? + cos(1)*) 7915 (©) S = Fi feosi-1)? + cosy? +2 [ 8)? + cos(0)? + e05 ($)"] + 4 [oos (=2)* + cos ($4)* + eos (3)* + eos (8)°]} = 1.8090 (a) 3.0548 (b) 3.0615 (co) 3.0591 @ Fe 4 26-9 4 26 2/5) 4 26-8/9)* 4 26-19)? 4 26-4 20 (5/5)* 4,SECTION 8.7 437 2677/9)” + 208/94 2e-(9/5)? + e-2"] = 0.8818 @) ene Pan [ew eS? 4 66/5)" eer] + fe eH OP oF 4 9" 5 0/07} a 08801 10. (a) 19133 () L921 (©) 1.9225 JA. Such a curve passes through the three points (a1,bi), (@2yb2), (as,bs) if bi =a7AtaB+C, be=ar*A+a,B+C, by =a5’AtasB+C, which happens iff ‘4.x Pula ~ as) — bas ~ 0s) + bs(ax ~ a2) {as ~a)(ay —a)(09 ~ a) p= — alas? = as%) ~ bales? ~ a3?) + bo(ar? — a2") ~ (ar = a3)(ax = @2)(az = as) ’ Cm te laaba = aba) ~ 0n%(arby ~ aabs) + 032(arba — anh) (ar = as)(ar ~ aa)(a2 — as) 8 lo yaaa(23 ) +003] 2 be {ise + no.ors[a(232) +2 (4) ++ (ae ems oy} = 28 (AG Hat) + BG +0) +20 + Ala + Dab +) +2B(0+ 8) +40} 28 (24(? + 0b 0%) +3B0+0) +60} 1 yas — a) 4) 2 A@ 08) + 5BU 2) +C0-20) [atacs [betes [case f gayer 0 [Srrel- aes 7<00l = e>( ) = n38 24315. 8h © [est a 1%(0| <001 = n>3V5 => nb4 180n¢ 180n4 16c7/? = G4nt (b-a)? ,,, 8-20-27 a4. (2) [SP prio] = Bane < VF coor => n> 190438 SECTION 8.7 32 32-120-3 =a 40) 92-1203 oo) [SES Fo] = yt < BE coo nz9 aw. @ [2 re | = notvio = n>28 Dh (0-4) 54) 24315, 81 n Bye ) [oaeee (o| = BE, aoa < giz < 000001 => n>15(3)) > nz0 re. (a) 27 6000 32-120-3 E8990 n> st =a mal = wr @ (SP pol = =a pe w [Seah Hove] Boose s 2, <0.001 ns Ta? wo [SP re es > Jagat CS qagae < 0001 => 27 19. (a) com = n> toey = = n>ar sve @) 6 < gye soon = n>a(HE) n>5 20. (a) So cot =e n27 o te coor > azo 2. (a) “02-1 < See?” < 0000122, 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. SECTION 8.7 439 wy |S afaate? a -cgBr n> 102 oy [Pst mel a aganee goly-e common a> 220 F(z) =0 for all x; therefore by (8.7.3) the theoretical error is zero If f is linear, f(z) = 0 for all , so the theoretical error is 2er0 n- f as 1 sf a'de| Since mi < flei1) My mi S fle) O and f"(z) > 0, and let P = (20,21,22,...,2n} be a regular partition of [2,8]. Figure A shows a typical subinterval with the approximating trapezoid ABCD. Since the area under the curve is less than the area of the trapezoid, we can conclude that [teverst440 SECTION 8.7 Figure A ‘Now consider Figure B. Since the triangles EBP and PFC are congruent, the area of the rectangle ABCD equals the area of the trapezoid AEFD, and since the area under the curve is greater than the area of AEFD it follows that aes [see = PE Mea) + 2fla1) + + 24lenca) + HE] + #2 (Gna) + fen) +41 F PROJECT 8.7 1. (a) Since f(t) =e“ is an even function, Now, B(-2) =f ef a= -f. oP a= lo * ‘Thus B is an odd function. [ofa was () Since #(0 is continuous on (00,00), (Theorem 5.2.5) (c) By Theorem 5.2.5, B'(z) =e*". Since B'(z) > 0, B is increasing on (~00, oo) (@) BM(z) = -2ze~*"; the graph of B has a point of inflection at (0,1). 2. (a) B(A) = 0.746824 B(2) = 0.882081 B(3) ~ 0.886207SECTION 8.8 441 B(4) = 0.886227 B10) ~ 0.886226 (b) lim, BG) ~ 0.88623 (5 decimal places) lim, B(2) = -0.88623 (by symmetry), © fimersta)=1 (> in ate) =) (d) &2) = Ley tan (ohoeta fe a= f du (where t= Va) 1 1 = Jers(2). Thus Jim 9(@) = } 1 f* ae Om fF fa) (b) Since B is increasing on (—00,cc), B-! exists Vie 26 (V2) = el eta 4. ava fap (3) Dee = 22} 1 a) at} = 2 peer ae = erste lal CNT dtl =F foe dt = erf(a) SECTION 8.8 Le wile) = per Bh =2(h) er? —e*/? =0; yy is a solution. Vila) = 224; yh yp =2 (Qe bet/2) — (2? + 208/2) = dea? £0; va is not a solution. 2 yf tay, = —ae-*? + ze"! =0; not a solution +212 = -Cre*? 42+ Cre“? = 2; yp isa solution. = 1 1 & W@=o uns = eet nn isan We)= Gye tM = Gegapt wai = eae TH mi Is solution, ya)= ee ey OP Lg wO= Geri Ate Garnet cea Gest v2 is a solution.442 SECTION 8.8 4, yf-+4y: = ~8sin2e + 8sin2r = 0; yy is a solution. Uf + 4y2 = -2eosz + 8cosz=6eosz; not a solution, 5. vile) = 22, yf =4e%; yf’ dyn =de™* —4e* =0; yy is a solution, ule) =2C cosh22, yf =4C sinh 2x; yf ~ dys = 4C sinh 2r— 4C sinh 2 = 0; yp is a solution. 6 yf 2, Su = 4 186 — 2(-e-* + Ge") — 3(e-* +2e**) = 0; not a solution Te; yp is a solution. Wf By) — Ban =F (6 + 9n)e%* — 201 + Ba) — 300 1. 5 H(a)= f (-2)dz=-25, integrating factor: e-™* ety = 2 y d j,-2e, fey 8 9. dz = Sx, integrating factor: */? ‘belay 43 Sey = Sel? vit sey a 4 [se/ty) = eel? ae" 2 2/y «2 gel erly 3 +e a2 ace? ya gtr 10. He) [ote ing 7 26-*