4.1 Verbs with -ing and to Subject | Main verb ing formvinfnitive 1 enjoy | swimming inthe morning. He ‘hopes | towin | the competition. They go jogging ~ | every evening. We | don't ike towatch “football on T. + We sometimes use a second verb after a main verb. in these cases the second verb is usually an infinitive with to or an -ing form. + We usually use the -ing form after verbs for discussing likes ‘and disikes, such as: ‘enjoy eating seafood. + Wealso normally use the -ing form after these common verbs: imagine, keep, go, stop keep losing my keys. ‘+ We use the infinitive with to after verbs for discussing, intentions and decisions, such as: ‘she hopes to start her own business soon. They decided to move fat last year. + We also use the infinitive with to after these common verbs: lear, need He only learnt to swim when he was in his early twenties. ‘Heidi needs to pass all her exams before she can become a doctor. The second verb never changes form. Penny decided to take the exam. fo tanec 10. Ican't imagine] Do we use the infinitive with to or the -ing form with these verbs? Put them in the correct place in the table. hate can'tstand imagine agree like hope need keep want ‘dlike plan infinitive with t0 ~ing form = a | el Read the article about living alone. Circthe correct option. More and more people are deciding *o ive living alone, but ‘why? There are two main reasons. Firstly, fewer people want 2 to get / getting married or live with partners now. Secondly, {a societies keep 3 to get /getting richer, people don’t need “to share / sharing the cost of ving with a partner. There ‘are also many advantages to living alone. in particular, many people enjoy ® to have /having peace and quiet, especially after a busy day at work. However, it can be very expensive. People who live alone often decide not ®to buy / buying luxury items so they can pay the rent, and most people say they wouldn't like” to be / being alone in old age. it's a decision we must make carefully ‘Complete the sentences with a verb from the box in the correct form. move be have take leave swim retire get live change 1 T'mlearning_¢¢ swint because I'd like to go sailing this summer. Thate|_____jhouse. We're planning’ baby next year. My husband agreed] when he's 67. Are you hoping home when you get a job? David must stop) ‘careers. Beth and Alain like jtogether. Iwouldlike__|up running. ‘They decided|_ married on a beach. Jan old person. Scanned with CamScanner3.2 past simple and past continuous 1 Positive and negative statements Subject Auxiliary Verb Past simple: 1 teft | the aiport ina tax. “= lwe — |didnt | buy aticket. Past continuous: +1 was walking | in the mountains. —|we | were planning our holiday yesterday evening - | He | wasn't | sleeping at 1 p.m. 2 Questions cr ee ‘Auxiliary | Subject | verb | short answer Past simple: pid you get’ coldinthe | Yes, 1 ser | did Past continuous: Were you doing ‘something | No, | rice?” | wasr'. * We use the past continuous to talk about actions which were unfinished at a past time. ‘At3 p.m, she was stil packing her bags. * We use the past simple for finished actions and things that happened one after another. | got into the car, shut the door and started the engine. + We use the past simple for repeated past actions or completed past actions. He flew to Egypt three times. ‘She waited for him for 30 minutes. * We often use the past simple and past continuous together. ‘We use the past continuous forthe longer action. We use the past simple fora shorter action that happened atthe same time as the longer action. While | was sitting on the train, Imade a phone call + Inthese cases, we often use the words when, while or as to introduce the longer action. He called his friend as he walked down the street. ‘tative verbs are not used in the past continuous. He did a puzzle while we were on holiday. NOT He-elet-e-pureate while we-were-being- on holiday. Choose the correct option. Young hero Cone evening, 10-year-old Marc did / was doing his homework when he "noticed / was noticing the house across the street 2 was / was being on fire. His father, Eddy, 3 helped / was helping with a particularly difficult exercise at the time and when Marc told / was telling him what he could see, they both § ran / were running across the street to help. The mother and father who lived / were living in the house 7 stood / were standing outside, but their 10-year-old son ® was / was being upstairs in his bedroom. The fire ° got / was getting worse. Eddy "° got / was. getting a ladder and while he "' held / was holding it, Marc ‘2 went / was going up, "3 broke / was breaking the bedroom window and * helped / was helping the boy down to safety. Eddy is very proud of what Marc "5 did / was doing. After the fire, everyone * said / was saying, ‘| think he’s a real hero!” Itwas 9.50 a.m. yesterday and people were waiting for the ski liftto open. Complete the sentences about them using a word from the boxin the past continuous. feel plan cry lie send put take Some teenagers were sending messages on their mobiles. Ayounggirl Some people lon their skis. An older man] Jphotos of the mountains. Some families, their day. Aboy, toa girl about his skiing. ‘The skiers cold. Write positive and negative sentences and questions using the past simple and past continuous. 1 we / drive / when / the sun / come up We were driving when the sun rése. 2 the balloon / land / when / the accident happen ? 3. [/not put/ my hand up / while / the teacher/ talk 4 Dad / walk / down the stairs / when /he /fall ? co 5. while /you /; J 1b / the Eiffel Tower / you / feel /ill? 6 Paul/ drop /his ticket /as//he / get off/ the train 7 we/notwear/jackets/when/ the rain / start | Scanned with CamScanner