SYLLABUS FOR

CIVIL PROCEDURE
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024

Lecturer: Judge Ali Ombra R. Bacaraman

Book suggested: Any Textbook on Civil Procedure

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

A. Concept of Remedial Law

- Prescribes the method of enforcing rights or obtaining redress for their invasion.

B. Substantive Law vis-a-vis Remedial Law

- As to definition
- As to vested rights
- As to creation of rights
- As to application
- As to source

Suggested Cases:

- Bustos v. Lucero, G.R. No. L-2068, Oct. 20, 1948

- Billones v. CIR, G.R. No. L-17566, Jul. 30, 1965
- Fabian v. Disierto, G.R. No. 129742, Sep. 16,1998
- People v. Sumilang, G.R. No. L-49187, Dec. 18, 1946
- Alvero v. De La Rosa, G.R. No. L-286, Mar. 29, 1946

C. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court and its limitations

- 1987 Phil. Const., Art. VII, Sec. 5, par. 5

Suggested Cases:

- In Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the Government Service

Insurance System from Payment of Legal Fees, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0, Feb. 11,
2010
- Neypes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141524, Sept. 14, 2005
- Republic of the Philippines v. Imperial, G.R. No. 130906, Feb. 11, 1999
- Labao v. Flores, et. al., G.R. No. 187984, Nov. 10, 2010

D. Nature of Philippine Courts

 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

- The Court and the Judge

- Classification of Philippine Courts
- Courts of Original and Appellate Jurisdiction
- Courts of General and Special Jurisdiction
- Constitutional and Statutory Courts
- Courts of Law and Equity
- Principle of Judicial Hierarchy
- Doctrine of Non-Interferance or Doctrine of Judicial Stability

Suggested Cases:

- Wagenhorst v. Philadelphia Life Insurance, Co. 358 Pa. 55, 55 A2d 762
- Todd v. United States 158 US 278
- ABC Davao Auto Supply v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-113296, Jan. 16, 1998
- Alonzo v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72873, May 28, 1987
- Santiago v. Vasquez, G.R. No. 99289-90, Jan. 27, 1993
- Heirs of Bertudlo Hinog v. Hon. Achilles Melicor, G.R. No. 140954, April 12, 2005
- Republic of the Philippines v. Hon. Ramon S. Caguioa, etc., et al., G.R. No.
174385, Feb. 20, 2013
- Villamor v. Salas, G.R. No. 101041, Nov. 13, 1991

II

JURISDICTION

A. Over the Parties

- Jurisdiction over the Plaintiff, how acquired
- Jurisdiction over the Defendant, how acquired

Suggested Case:

- Davao Light & Power Co., Inc v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93262, Dec. 29,
1991

B. Over the Subject Matter

- Jurisdiction versus the Exercise of Jurisdiction.
- Error of Jurisdiction versus Error of Judgment.
- How jurisdiction is conferred and determined.
- Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction
- Doctrine of Adherence of Jurisdiction
- Objections to jurisdiction over the subject matter;
Rules of Court Codal Provisions;

Rule 9, Sec. 1

Rule 16, Sec. 1

Suggested Cases:

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 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

- Jaro v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127536, Feb. 19, 2002

- Sunny Motor Sales Sales, Inc. V. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119900, Aug. 16,
2001
- Zamora v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 78206, Mar. 19, 1990
- Luna v. Carandang, G.R. No. L-27145, Nov. 29, 1968
- Republic of the Philippines v. Estipular, G.R. No. 136588, Jul. 20, 2000
- Omictin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 148004, Jan. 22, 2007
- Ramos v. Central Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. L-29352, Oct. 4, 1971
- People of the Philippines v. Cheng, G.R. No. 120158-59, Sep. 15, 1997
- Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, G.R. No. L-21450, Apr. 15, 1968
- La’o v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 160719, Jan. 23, 2006
- Concepcion v. Regalado, G.R. No. 167988, Feb. 6, 2007

C. Over the Issues

- How conferred and determined
Rules of Court Codal Provisions;

Rule 18

Rule 10, Sec. 5

D. Over the Res or Property in litigation.

- How acquired.

Suggested Cases:

- Perkins v. Dizon, G.R. No. 46631, Nov. 16, 1939

- Macahilig v. Heirs of Grace M. Magalit, G.R. No. 141423, Nov. 15, 200

E. Jurisdiction of Courts
- Supreme Court’s Exclusive Original, Concurrent, Appellate Jurisdiction
- Court of Appeals’ Exclusive Original, Concurrent, Appellate Jurisdiction
- Sandiganbayan’s Exclusive Original, Concurrent, Appellate Jurisdiction
- Regional Trial Courts Exclusive Original, Special, Concurrent, Appellate,
Delegated Jurisdiction.

Suggested Readings:

- B.P. 129
- R.A. 7691
- Rules of Court Codal Provisions; Rules 43, 65
- 1987 Phil. Const., Art. VIII, Sec. 5
- St. Martin Funeral Home v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 130866, Sep. 16, 1998
- R.A. 7975 and 8294

F. Small Claims, Summary Procedure, Barangay Reconciliation

- Exclusively for payment or reimbursement of money.
- Jurisdictional amount

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 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

- Ejectment Cases; Forcible Entry, Unlawful Detainer

- Violations for Municipal or City Ordinances
- Barangay Judicial System

G. Totality Rule
- B.P. 129, Sec. 33
- Flores v. Mallare-Phillips, G.R. No. L-66620, Sep. 24, 1986

III

CIVIL PROCEDURE PROPER

GENERAL PROVISIONS

- Applicability of the Rules of Court

- Purpose of the Rules
- Cases governed
- Commencement of Action
- Construction of the Rules
- Ordinary Civil Actions vs. Special Civil Actions vs. Special Proceedings,
Independent Civil Action
- Personal and Real Action
- Tests to determine the nature of the action.
- Actions in Rem, In Personam, and Quasi in Rem

Suggested Cases:

- Tenorio v. Pańo, G.R. No. L-48117, Nov. 27, 1986

- Rone v. Claro, G.R. No. L-4472, May 8, 1952

PROCEDURE

A. COMPLAINT
- Complaint in Civil Proceedings vs. Complaint in Criminal Proceedings.
- ROC, Rule 6 Section 3

1. Cause of Action
o ROC, Rule 2
o Right of Action vs. Causes of Action
o Failure to state a Cause of Action
o Test of Sufficiency of Cause of Action
o Splitting a Cause of Action and its Effect
o Joinder and Misjoinder of Causes of Action

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 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

Suggested Cases:

o Ceroferr Realty Corp. V. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 139539, Feb.
5, 2002
o Domondon v. Lopez, A.M. RTJ-02-1696, Jun. 20, 2002
o Decena v. Piquero, G.R. No. 155736, Mar. 31, 2005
o Ada v. Baylon, G.R. No. 182435, Aug. 13, 2012

2. Jurisdiction
o Material Allegations vs. Title of the Case
o Jurisdictional Amounts
o Doctrine of Hierarchy of Courts

3. Venue
o ROC, Rule 2
o Venue vs. Jurisdiction
o Effects of Stipulation on Venue
o Restrictive stipulation vs. Permissive stipulation

Suggested Cases:

o Sps. Lantin v. Lantion, G.R. No. 160053, Aug. 28, 2006

4. Parties
o ROC, Rule 3
o The Real Party-in-Interest
o Permissive Joinder of Parties
o Class Suit

Suggested Cases:

o Pepsi Co, Inc. V. Emerald Pizza., Inc., G.R. No. 153059, Aug. 14, 2007
o Tamargo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No., 85044, Jun. 3, 1992

o Oposa v. Factoran G.R. No. 101083 Jul. 30, 1993

5. Preparation
o ROC; Rule 6, Rule 7, Rule 8
o Kinds of Pleadings
o Parts of Pleading
o Manner of making allegations
o Material facts vs. Ultimate facts
o Verification vs. Certification against forum-shopping
o Notice of Hearing

6. Filing and Service of Pleadings

o Filing to the Clerk of Court, Docket Fees
o Service to the other Party
 Personal Service
 Service by Mail
 Substituted Service of Pleadings

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 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

o Provisional Remedies
 Preliminary Attachment (ROC, Rule 57)
 Preliminary Injunction (ROC, Rule 58)
 Receivership (ROC, Rule 59)
 Replevin (ROC, Rule 60)
 Support Pendente Lite (ROC, Rule 61)

o Modes of Discovery
 Interrogatories to the Parties (ROC, Rule 25)
 Admission by Adverse Party (ROC, Rule 26)
 Depositions Before Action or Pending Appeal (ROC, Rule 24)
 Production or Inspection of Documents or Things (ROC, Rule 27)
 Physical and Mental Examination of Persons (ROC, Rule 28)
 Depositions Pending Action (ROC, Rule 23)

7. Amendments
o ROC, Rule 10
o To reflect the actual merits of the controversy.
o “IS A RESPONSIVE PLEADING SERVED?”
o Matter of Right vs. By Leave of Court
o Effect of amended pleading.

8. Dismissal by the Plaintiff

o ROC, Rule 17
o Upon Notice vs. Upon Motion vs. Fault of the Plaintiff
o Right of the Defendant for counterclaim

B. SUMMONS
- ROC, Rule 14
- HOW MADE?
o Personal Service
o Substituted Service of Summons
o Alias Summons
o Pecularities:
 Service upon Prisoners
 Service upon minors and incompetents
 Service upon domestic private juridical entity
 Service upon public corporations
o Extraterritorial Service
o Voluntary Appearance
o Options of the Defendant
 Bill of Particulars (ROC, Rule 12)
 Motion to Dismiss (ROC, Rule 16)
 Omnibus Motion Rule
 Exceptions
 Answer (ROC, Rule 6)

C. ANSWER

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 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

- ROC, Rule 6
- No Answer – In Default (ROC, Rule 9, Sec.3)
- With an Answer but no specific denials – Judgment on the Pleading (ROC, Rule
34)
- Answer with a:
o Counterclaim
o Cross-claim
o Third party complaint
- Complaint-in-Intervention (ROC, Rule 19)
- Reply

D. PRE-TRIAL
- ROC, Rule 18
- Purpose
- Judicial Affidavit Rule
- Pre-Trial Brief
- Notice of Pre-Trial
- Causes for Dismissal of the action, with prejudice
- Causes to allow the plaintiff to present his evidence ex parte

E. TRIAL
- ROC, Rule 30
- Adjournments and Postponements
- Order of Trial / Reverse Trial
- Demurrer to Evidence (ROC, Rule 33)
o Effects if Granted or Denied
o Demurrer to Evidence in Civil Case vs. Criminal Case

F. JUDGMENT
- ROC, Rule 36
- Contents of the Judgment
- Judgement on the Pleadings (ROC, Rule 34)
- Summary Judgments (ROC, Rule 35)

G. REMEDIES AGAINST A JUDGMENT

WITHIN THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD:

- Motion for Reconsideration (ROC, Rule 37)

- Motion for New Trial (ROC, Rule 37)
o Concept of Fresh-Period Rule
- Appeals
o Appeal from MTC to the RTC (ROC, Rule 40)
o Appeal from the RTCs (ROC, Rule 41)
o Petition for Review from the RTCs to the Court of Appeals (ROC, Rule
42)
o Appeals from the Court of Tax Appeals and Quasi-judicial agencies to the
Court of Appeals (ROC, Rule 43)
o Appeal by Certiorari to the Supreme Court (ROC, Rule 45)
o Modes of Appeal:
 Ordinary Appeal

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 Course Outline in Civil Procedure

 Petition for Review

 Petition for Review on Certiorari
o Improper appeal vs. Erroneous Appeal
o Questions of Fact vs. Questions of Law
o Flow of Appeals

OUTSIDE THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD:

- Relief from Judgment, Order or Other Proceedings/ Petition for Relief (ROC,
Rule 38)
- Annulment of Judgment (ROC, Rule 47)
- Petition for Certiorari (ROC, Rule 65)
- ROC, Rule 45 vs. ROC, Rule 65

H. EXECUTION
- ROC, Rule 39
- As a matter of right vs. As a matter of discretion
- As an Independent Civil Action
- Attachment, Levy vs. Garnishment
- Supersedeas Bond

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