Coreyal, Syclemaric \avestigation io Some Held _ fox este dieligna Racks o« priodples: © Therefore ,any Scenic research is a SyslermoMe andl Bat re uM __Objeckwe atheragt to provide aljvers to Cestein questo 09 paot\ems ° We Purpose o1 SdeudMc ~exeasth \s to chictwover ond PAanieed vocky #1 now evelor an organized A Wenn. line ic reseasch may be o Bical analysis ancl vec whith may lead +o Ye generalizations and con ro\ 4 Shose acWoites Yat Soret if . aoe oe Se SESS Minos Somieg Nave ee vaAa Mons vip: und emmpi-f ewvoalen“some statistical mocures for auuate olescri phen of the vesults Obtained: @B) Reseorch aives emphasis to the development of Moeoties , prindples ana generalizations, which ase |! vend Welpful io ocutate prediction reqasding We variables | vodes Study. 4 Systeroadhic {ApS teroame arches tries 40 fost Ao ensute =4 t Qu po AF Obl ertwity Vo the methods employed ¢ san cee Londusion Yeached: He Lames an Ob) end Scienh\ic | yenki outs) pe rveplicable and yesulls of Sdentitic ver earch ghouls pe ep _$0 thot any Pessen etnet than ths veseotch _Ouses Hs Vadidi ty ' caadang saat mokives af human bb ean out (a) Quaphedive Research +- Guao\italve ~reseauh \ asedl on the moosurement of quaokty et amount: wr _appricalete yo pranomenc Yet Yeand of ton be oxp veasa} in ayuanrity lo 4 uno Ht ve cvresearts vy encom _ posses AD eatiqahon Wook quicde \ in osdes B» Apeticd Reseerch: Seek xo Sowe Various pvachic to clay dile.\} Mod answe ay eowlems ture iWiness, develop | onCounted and a which bave an yen pack Droes of peogte- tt is less exc penswe ond Mme Consu— ming. \y Collects a Jorgye amount of mores foa cle ai | ea) 4 Studying. (5) Experimental Research Tie study iuvalves objecting stematic, tontssted ‘muertigatian tor puepese of predhe | Mang ond ConroQLing Ane phenow caeng Whe peobob\ Sit ality among est In erlabUshieng Ws couse ancl e¢leck Fe nana: \e also wdudes exani— 1 La jobless \t Va lonships e Research Paocess:- ( ng Ane ptasterc.= A problem is dafioed a2 ‘that inter2ogakive gtekement, whith Shows a velationsht a e E I belween 400 O2 Mose Vadiables IN AN anarobiqudUs Man ek: + \ubraldy tee prektem may be slatec\ in \weecxe) sood general wor ond Ann * c wes VE or 4) OO=<&Xoo L—- |+ The. best Aiacwcs \E witty © hawing Some q Ava Walp Grom a guide who is man and has Several problems in + Otten , the quide puis forth Hat pe tears and \x 1s vp to the veseatthex to and phrove Wer peollem in opetulional Ferme wi a oJns reseaxches must ak tbe Same me excomine all | Qwailalte Litersture to ger himself Accquointed ats the Selected paobfers+ 2 He moy review two types of Uberalure — the foncep~ Aual Dreciture Lon cerning the Loocepts andl Hocosies Grd the empivical Ubexatuse onan einaiiag studies le ecoxliet whith ate Srmilar? fe the one proposed- ° he OuktoOme of this review ui be tha kmowled- J tohat data and otrer materials are availubale urpose which enolle tha Tesearch <8 2 Own Tesearth peolstem in a meaning laltrex this the wWeseas hes anadytical beams Ley 40 Suk | yerens as poscttste-\ olf ain aA Types of Reseaxd p2okjens + Research peolstem can baoadly be two page lypess 40h ta as Solvakte peolte 4 (b) Uarclvable p2rorhero: ve «A So\vable proven \s ene thot alee mn which tan be answered wie the ers capacities: A + An unsolvatle peolelens \e on that reses which Can't be answered with Ou8 nosrnal Lrselvable peoblemos Ae usucily wocerned with Ceoper Jugal genom ena: aves « Dpen steward Kacititere learning? A \ pepbler Dike thas (s an example af a Solvable prosiem- ic {Wow cloes our mind worlet', le Wece a Aviary Ahect es out ends?) — hae ate caamples of unsolvatete: diskinekien belween a Solvable peerterm and able papier 1s Yok Rolvalke prolems Con be Solved boy, studying observoible events, _ plooisle pero\es | Cont be emp) cally Shudled:6 A Sewable perilero ,: ¢ two Lealwress ~ he QA Selvatle peoblem tan be An empisical mathod 1s ane tohich cle; valien | Satural events: ei Wi) \m core of a Solvable pastlen, Vt iS p © Suitable Wypothesic os a tenialwe Sotubhen 2 An unavlvatte pasa has over Chaxcokeristes valp Noa TeSearth es 19 resngn ging, Wand m i Ve Adstinct torn a Solvable peolsters { (i) An unseluable peollers possecses the Avaut 64 unctrutt: wdloesss Suc o peobslern aecnams umikutked became Wr \nkexest 04 Aha Teseasther \s not sleag and the exea Wielers te ls so unozganiged hed fGen lebaes Fem ais possi tle Ror the Texecuthes either te spenl 4 Khe relevent olbsezvations on to relake tha observation te These Vogue toamulations: (Xi) An unssioable peotlem lho» Anodenvekely (eines deems and Yhe operational dshinwion S4 Suc a ‘pacbl- _ ere Contains Vasueness and us Variablesare Such Nook can't be dufined ogeroronalilry « Ahisd Chosarterisic ol an unsolvalle prorslem terevant dakoo Can't be Collected:a © Meaning, Ano © e In Londlucheng oA the problem is 40 foam € + when ths pacblem has been Slated in tha fozrn ofc testable propesitien \nvesrqator: Tus Leslee _peoposthen Bis: A hupotheris is o Leslable velatto moze than wo Vanalbles Wpothe Sist- When a My fat been Commulated ths invenigatos nus at wolnither 02 not Aha Losnuilaes \wpotnesis tt YO Frere os Several Carerio 02 Clhasockeristics Of geod steowexch Frais. Ths clhoaathersics ass a UW Tre Wigoto exis Should be tonte prually cleas:- A qoock _ esearch hypothesis 1s en wich 1s based Upso sper 400 atly dilined Concepts- Nok only Aus Ans dafiniions must, be qwen io commoniy— cece pred and mmunicalsle woes So Mnak td Loenpleke hypothesis Vs conce pusily cleas to ory ‘nv erbigakos: 1 (29 Tra Wuypotneric must be Lestesler should be foemulan Aed io a way oak con be ested divectty and found ke ~ Be exovobly tur % provably telee ! | i | peroers should be econpmical and porssi moni— | HAS Several hypothesis are ekered, jo teat a ch panier, Aka move econpmical and pangs \— ones Should be przekered to yypotty exis Suvel- Monetary expenses.4) Tne Wypo body oe then a yporesic | 1h As nok ~elaked VA Conndt be oc gp 5 Ths hypothesic should hemsiWeneess- It several creqasdic 4 Ano Sound tesearcl end Lormiprehentive om should be e TiPes OF HYPOTHESES IS2- QS) Universal potbeciss- A univessal ie ‘Vo whith tw stated velabionhip bids Aor a levels 0 Values of Variables which we UW) Samoeding Saves \me os Well os money: A rres earch Study aredh 0 Sar gag 14 Completed usithin a leeces | Aiena ond \nuurs less expenditure than a Srudly based pes otha Cri kedios Gi) Sanmp2ing is also neectert becoure it « reseoucher to estimake Wu Sumpting esworxs and tak L e. M rales An getting Selormation rep. 2.3 — ig Of Ae pepuiation: i: ————— CCCand every aa ae oe chance of being \ecdualed in the Saropfe Seleclan Lone dividual Je in no wo Anu Selection of another odividluad- © fox exampfe rit we ase to Select a Sar gfe of lo stuctents Ror Ath qtacle Conmisting 9} Yo stuclents , we ‘can waite Ava name of earch of ns UO shuolents on sepatecte 6 fips A pop|d — ol 2qpal An Rage and colsus - anc teteh thom io O Mmilor way 2 Subsequenttys Tray may be. placed) In a lbox and erhu Med thosoughly A blindfolded person, tran, may be asked | to Rid bp ent slips Here the Peobabitity of con® sup seeds oon geecked \|uo- pose. Yok reyes selecting the sup and noting tw Mame tozitten wn Vw 2Qip , Wa again velaans \ to Yee his care ths _probabiltily of tre Sewnd stip being ; 30 ‘Wyo: But 1k he cloeg mot wetusn the® Whoo an elereenk population after being . uitth seplacement and when ss ie Called Zampdiag witout replocenen neplacersent \. usedl, ts chance: < Selected more Moan ance is nnemsed: tom Aduanteaens- th 0 te US A Sarmpfe preparedd eo the bowie of Giro Sorop2ing plan vs xeqarcled as Woe Aap reseotee Es pepusalion Roce oli Wh wax Arowon. Wie is becouse is Such a sampling gian, ait the eemenks in tht pep soo howe 20 equo ond lode enclent chance o berna dud “in the Sampfe- edu | 1 2) ln siege sseandoco Sampling Woe \nverti gerbe nes | nok Wow wns Asuo tornpositoo apne populace before hand: Sua o Sample Aneoasbcatly Tebests od henpo-etant | Charathesictics and Sear ents o4 the popudor ion: ~ G) Worn a view to undesslanding and appli cakien , : Simple srandere Sarre Ling is thd _Cosiert and Simplest . SKetlinique of ott peobaritity Sampding plans: (49 In Srvene. vroindom Sarnp Qing tins. Sarop ding eso Grporieked With any given Sample Asan Can easily be aaernnde ‘ 7 ——_}(2 Ano isodvan hat ‘it aloes ant (uily esup owledae ths | had tootetining she Segment of Nw Papulaliens Ty ( \n the Core oh Seng he sander Samps esos Of a sar pfe Sige nis aytenbes as 6 voit Hae Sarnp Legs exsor \ncurged 19 Yas cone che! Red random Sample of he Same Spe- Tris te betel AW hekerogentia \ Vn Hot Core of Landors Seunpte: e@ STRaTIE\edD RANSOM SAMPLES- 2 \n _stotiGed vendom Sampling We pepuiolicn is, rst, divided \nto two or morse strate , which noouy toe bcased ven & Single Caiterion Sutl as Soe hea hwo sheda— male and Lermale , 02 open o toeeie alae of tw 0.8 move Cayervrn Surly os Sew and Qsaduation eke» sWere divided Populations are called Sab poputakomts om Sample tox ne clesiwed number is Velen Kien eratureeneous Ure » (25) Steriticaion gives Soave on divided into severe be oleputed | the 99 ulation 16 | On 20VP escons TO eS Do Survey \o_ each units : 0 ASS As of wo Wypess oiied vaindoon Sanpbing ealitied vandorn Sampling ~_ (I) Paogortonate __W) Die poFopo Monode shaktied xandorm Se Myankegen®= id (We) Tinis_raaood eh doe twilectian com adllow fox more ean by Simplg collecting oa ocersoke \niwarnolion. \w enetad tonsensus Krom 0 \asge qeovp >You con teveole Aekeily Xan dake clown xo provide morse \o- Sapte witinin yous § e move Liverse a Heuing cumttagte Sule q20r __Ropuiadion eso odour you to tollect a wonge of doko(H) Mowe Uoek- edheclive Ure a Smaller Sampre Disadvanteaers- _ ) Gris method onky works bor s' Sarnpe papadablons anal Curweys> \e coun Wiis method uhen Condutking a aoo~ (2) Witla more and more Sub q2oups \ Weve edn (arger \apur o) roation + The \nhormadion Cain e. Re and raticute rand it ean Lede o iene fo an (D Centing a sludy Uding a shedilted “CamoDh matinsdl Coun srequive a Sqn Rieu amount @ Aven \croster SAMPLINGS- e\n Aven Samp Ling, genesoully qeoqsaphicod visions iS Lesion , Lomenunitg, nuigh\bousbood, Ges, slates, eke 4 _ oe made en ao map and a Cerlaro ntumber Syaberalll Agawn ak andor and called Sample- ot. Wo erMiaator o£ \oreriewes proceeds fo inlerives ail elements 3 Yea yandomly drawn areas on cluslere Dhod Vs tne veoson why Anis method Of Sampeiog is alse \ensuon as Luster Sampling WW when Nasqer q \n Wht are of purposive Sarping Wu ioferential stale Mea con't be used Aagy Hmokely , because, under all ‘okeremMiad slalicMeal techniques vaete 1s an axsump lan o Londoro ness SNowsaArL SAMPLING s- ¢ Snowball Sam pling, whieh Ve a Nen- peobeb\ tity Samp %ng Method is baxically indivectty Soriomabics this a proceee ES Sehecting a Sampfe woing nakwools A, galencs and \nowns Ak is ined ox having aii the persons in a qrovp 08 Sation ident tang shai driends who in tus ideo Ba Rrencs and auocrakes until We vexeorthesSamping is Used: Aduantagess- 7 q () Snowball Sarmping, which it paimasitiy 6 GOES Sarop ing Aechnique , hax proved _vesig important ond is Widpjul ro cradling a Sroaull , \akosnoal Souial qa0vp cond. Vs uenpatk pss Lornoal Orgoniza\ionod Sreuclare (2) Snowball Sampling reveals Comenimrcalian patter 19 tommunity orgonigotion Coocepls pe Community powers | and adeusian- mailing Lan alo be studied usith the hal o Sut soren plang, tech n Age ] 2) Tas Muthod ef Snowball Sampling is amendida io Vasous| Sdentitie Sampling poocedse s oct Various Nees tently as ure 4 gandom numbers of (omouiers dekeominalanDsadvantagess= U) Snowball Sampaing betons< whan N \s large ar Say tk ence (2) This mertoodl of Sarpy does to ure paobabidity slalisticad mothodls: \acduded io Sammele exe not roncloml are hepencient an twa Subjechve chs iden gy gelected espendents: Systematic SAMPUNGS- j * Susternabic Samp ding mau be Asfined as ARowoi on Selecting every nth pessen Rom predetermined) Uist 4 cements ax Iodividuals. ooo selenting coey S% Fal number in a claw O60 Shucdents will Conatitate Seysheroodhe Samp Qing: + Me we poy attention to the Susie ode Saump Ring, Flan 1k becomes obvious thot Such a plan pocecces Cerloin chararterstis of pandomness and at he game Mms, pesierses Some non- ooar\eiiy trots such as ertoludling atl persion: belween every 0% edemant Chesen: ; Kemakic Sarmoing is reladively a quicle method Nog OW Lamymle of elemants-\t the investiqatos has Lara Schedule tric matined of sampLing alliminakes fe ptrarwise taken in citterent mathods ofevery nih eLemnsnt ehuotens Obviously then, ANE ms Se [pecloates tity Sarno p Bing e\eo sampling, thr Sampling @ st 1c arzanged in o Uist \pcreares os clecreases units respect ¥S Soma trou tome. 5 Coke 1 ekt i as age, edurahen @ Sirverors Oc A Rescare Report: APA STNLE ailing oh, o escort hy epost \s_nd \ess cheillenging a oT wo atas thao te 7 ost \e not To ons qeneta_ purpose oy a . creseanth P Looionce Whe veacless Joeen alors, voy It Wor Apes Gnd wheat tr tonelusian 4 tot vere on \eut to Let Nnexo Wndw winok hos, ook sesulte were Obbeined | hex were judge Aee_adequacy and vadidlity of tre negecathy# Ok Vasous \s the pubLicahtan Manual , Ametivan Peyelolsgi odio " aoe «Tn pudddicadion Manual har Qh Mons a bo hove fo waite A post 44 present Wa basic ideas uath ap entono toneise expsextian and \npto +O awaid a \nwense Tread apres Sty A tet nepost: «Tha Ketlousing eurZint oF fo2rmar \s Are most peputes Lypicad resecuils formmek prepared acroading to the Arsericon Peytlotogreoadl Assodcction’s PubJicotion Manual i € _ Sto ed- C2002) xr Be er Tne Lusk page 32 the Lille page which 4 4 Wrarcicaly Centeins Novee Kunning bead is an abbreviated ovot the study whic Yo mithood , Such as chaxgackerishics clesign + apposaluses vesults and op tiations: Reh ereoces must not lee ited Vo Whe abs bent ee Tl Introduction s- Rage 3 where wrsod kien starts, 1s t ; Tae iets enk. a2)\ in nO SiG han Oe dutien hos | Aoree Components: ___ so > (A) Ans Fes Cor clhex must Qive eX cleas_ ond oa} nite, ; venlter and must clevelop VW Nospcaitly Slarersenk of Wr_¥ lo Son Ligh ob, Perrrcunt nt _Componint of sntvoduckion Is (8) Wr Second \m po Wnt review 04 Yne Previous Ureratuse iS Yo esialodish an undessian to Was ox ex sku diy, Ans ves earch ex Ms DUremure relavewnt ‘al eee © Ans Weisd_ ond fool _torrporant sy Whe Nniroctdittion a to Soaroutare oa clean nationale oh Ws hypo rhases to __ be proposes: it