CRI 029 REVIEWER

MODULE 1:

CORRECTION/CORRECTIONS: describing a variety of persons

who carried out by government agencies, involving the
punishments, treatment and supervision of persons who have
been convicted crimes.
CORRECTIONS: also the same name of a field of academic study
concerned with the theories, policies and programs pertaining
to the practice of corrections.
CORRECTIONS: Branch of administration of criminal justice
responsible for correction and rehabilitation of those persons,
who after observance of due process, was found to have
violated penal law by competent judicial authority.
TWO APPROACHES OF CORRECTION:
1. INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION – Rehabilitation or
correctional programs take place INSIDE FACILITIES.
2. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION – Rehabilitation or
correctional programs take place WITHIN THE
COMMUNITY.
AGENCIES OF THE GOVERNMENT CHARGED WITH
CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES:
 BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
 BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)
  BOARD OF PARDON AND PAROLE (BPP)
 PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION (PPA)
 PROVINCIAL AND SUB-PROVINCIAL JAILS

 IMPRISONMENT - Is a confinement to an institution,

commitment to prison, custody, detainment, custody, held
in captive, held in restraint, in captive, in custody .
 IMPRISONMENT- Defined as the act of confinement of a
person.
THEORIES JUSTIFYING THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTY:
 PREVENTION THEORY – THE STATE MUST PUNISH THE
CRIMINAL TO REVENT OR SUPPRESS THE DANGER TO THE
STATE.
 SELF-DEFENSE THEORY – THE STATE HS THE RIGHT TO
PUNISH THE CRIMINAL AS A MEASURE OF SELF DEFENSE
SO AS TO PROTECT SOCIETY.
 REFROMATION THEORY – THE OBJECT OF PUNISHMENT IS
TO CORRECT AND REFOM THE OFFENDERS.
 EXEMPLARY THEORY – THE CRIMINAL IS PUNISHED TO
SERVE AS AN EXAMPLE TO DETER OTHERS FROM
COMMITTING CRIMES,
 JUSTICE THEORY – THE CRIME MUST BE PUNISHED BY THE
STATE AS AN ACT OF RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
SECTION 1, ARTICLE 3 OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION – NO
PERSON SHALL BE DEPRIVED OF LIFE, LIBERTY OR PROPERTY
WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW, NOR SHALL BE DENIED THE
EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWS.

MODULE 2:

PUNISHMENT- IT MEANS OF SOCIAL CONTROL. IT IS DEVICE

TO CAUSE PEOPLE TO BECOME COHESIVE AND TO INDUCE
CONFIRMITY.
FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
 IMPRISONMENT – THE MOST COMMON FORM OF
PUNISHMENT.
 PAYMENT OR FINE – THIS IS COMMON TO VIOLATORS
OF MINOR OFFENSE.
 PAROLE – DEFINE AS A PROCEDURE BY WHICH THE
PRISONERS ARE SELECTE TO RLEASE ON THE BASIS OF
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE.
 CONDITIONAL PARDON – AN EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY TO
BE EXERCISED BY THE PRESIDENT.
 PROBATION – PROCEDURE UNDER WHICH AN ACCUSED
IS FOUND GUILTY OF A CRIME.
 DEATH PENALTY – SENTENCING A CONVICTED PERSON
TO DEATH ESPECIALLY TO THOSE WHO CONVICTED OF
HEINOUS CRIME.
  CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – SOME COUNTRIES STILL
IMPOSING PHYSICAL TORTURE AS PUNISHMENT.
 BANISHMENT – OTHERWISE KNOWN AS
TRANSPORTATION.
 COMMUNITY SERVICE – LIKE PYMENT OF FINES,

JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT
 RETRIBUTION – INVOLEVES THE PAYMENT OF A DEBT TO
BOTH THE VICTIM AND SOCIETY.

DETTERANCE OR EXEMPLARITY – IS THE DISCOURAGEMENT OR

REVENTION OF CRIMES TO SIMILAR TO THE ONE FOR WHICH
AN OFFENDER IS BEING SENTENCED.
SPECIFIC DETTERENCE – IS THE DETTERENCE OF INDIVIDUAL
BEING PUNISHED FROM COMMITTING ADDITIONAL CRIMES.
GENERAL DETTERENCE – OCCURS WHEN THE PUNISHMENT OF
AN INDIVIDUAL SERVES AS AN EXAMPLE TO OTHERS WHO
MIGHT BE THINKING OF COMMITTING A CRIME.
PROTECTION /SOCIAL DEFENSE – SHOWN BY ITS INFLEXIBLE
SEVERITY TO RECIDIVIST AND HABITUAL DELIQUENTS.
REFORMATION – THE GOAL OF THIS IS TO CHANGE CRIMINAL
LIFESTYLE INTO LAW-ABIDING ONES.
MAMERTINE PRISONS – AN EARLY PLACE OF CONFINEMENT IN
ROME IN 64 BC USING PRIMATIVE DUNGEONS BUILT UNDER
THE MAIN SEWER.
SANCTUARY – ASYLUM THAT PLACED THE WRONG DOER IN
SECLUSION OR ARREST IN CITIES FOLLOWED BY CHRISTIAN
CHRUCH.
BRIDEWELL – A WORK HOUSE CREATED FOR THE EMPLOYMENT
AND HOUSING OF LONDONS “RIFFRAFF” IN 1557.
MAISON DE FORCE – A BELGIAN WORKHOUSE FOR BEGGARS
AND MISCREANTS, DESIGNED TO MAKE PROFIT BY AN
ENFORCED PATTERN OF HARD WORK WITH BOTH DICIPLINE
ANDD SILENCE.
HOSPICE OF SAN MICHELE – A CORRECTION FACILITY DESIGNED
FOR INCORRIGIBLE BOYS AND YOUTH.
WALLNUT STREET JAIL – ORIGINALLY CONSTRUCTED AS A
DETENTION JAIL IN PHILADELPHIA CREATED BY QUAKERS.

MODULE 3:

AUBURN PRISON SYSTEM – ESTABLIISHED IN 1819 ,

CONFINEMENT OF PRISONERS IN A SINGLE CELL AT NIGHT AND
CONGREGATING WORK IN SHOPS DURING DAY.
PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SYSTEM – ESTABLISHED IN 1829,
REQUIRES SOLITARY CONFINEMENT OF THE PRISONERS IN
THEIR OWN CELLS DAY AND NIGHT.
WILLIAM PEN – THE FOUNDER OF PENNYSYLVANIA AND ALSO
THE LEADER OF THE QUAKERS.
THE GREAT LAW – BODY OF LAWS OF THE QUAKERS THAT SAW
HARD LABOR AS A MORE EFFECTIVE PUNISHMENT THAT DEATH
PENALTY FOR CRIMES AND ONE THAT DEMANDE
COMPENSATION TO VICTIMS.

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT – THE 18TH CENTURY IS A

CENTURY OF CHANGE, IT IS A PERIOD OF RECOGNIZING
HUMAN DIGNITY.
ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE – FATHER OF THE PAROLE SYSTEM.

MODULE 4:

JAIL DEFINED – THIS ARE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE

CONFINEMENT OF PERSONS WHO ARE AWAITING FINAL
DISPOSITION OF THEIR CRIMINA CASES.
THE JAIL BUREAU – CREATED PURSUANT TO SECTION 60, RA
6975.
ORGANIZATION OF BJMP UNDER RA 6975 – THE JAIL BUREAU
SHALL BE HEADED BY A CHIEF WHO SHALL BE ASSISTED BY A
DEPUTY CHIEF. THE JAIL BUREAU SHALL BE COMPOSED OF CITY
AND MUNICIPAL JAILS, EACH HEADED BY A CITY OR MUNICIPAL
JAILS WARDEN; PROVIDED THAT IN CASE OF LARGE CITIES
MUNICIPALITIES, DISTRICT JAIL WITH