IMPLEMENTATION OF A HIGHWAY WIND POWER GENERATION USING

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE TO AUTOMATICALLY POWER A STREET

LAMP
Arunachalam Sundaram, Loiy Almobasher, Mustafa Al-Eid, Mustafa Bazroon,
Ali Abohasson

Abstract

Vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia envisions a shift towards renewable sources of
energy. In accordance with this vision, we have developed an off-grid application using a vertical
axis wind turbine (VAWT) to power a street lamp in a highway. VAWT are more suited for this
application as they are easy to install than the horizontal axis wind turbine, can function with
low-speed blades under varying wind speeds, and can prevail in the harsh weather condition
prevailing in the Kingdom. MATLAB is utilized to design the circuit and to analyze the state of
charge (SOC) of the battery under no load, varying load, and full load. Arduino based weather
station and automatic control of street lamp are implemented to conserve energy. The model was
tested in the highway and the test indicates the proposed model is able to harness power from
wind to power the street lamp.

1. Introduction

The vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has envisioned a long term renewable energy
program to meet the rapid growth of industrial/commercial projects in the Kingdom and to
diversify from using oil as the main source of power. To meet the demand target of 120 GW by
2032, the vision 2030 of the Kingdom envisions incorporating renewable energy to replace
conventional power plants which will also help in reducing carbon footprints. Out of 58.7 GW
target of renewable energy power production by 2030, wind energy will contribute nearly 16
GW as reported in Saudi Arabia National Renewable Energy Program document in (REPDO,
2017).
The working principle of a wind turbine is based on the conversion of mechanical energy to
electrical energy. The wind rotates the perfectly designed blades to produce rotational kinetic
energy, which in turn rotate a generator to produce electricity. The average wind speed available
in Jubail Industrial City in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia varies from 4 m/s to 5m/s (Average
monthly wind speed for Al Jubail (Eastern Province), Saudi Arabia, n.d.; Baseer et al., 2015)
throughout the year. The VAWT used in the project (specifications are available in appendix A)
is capable of producing nearly 200 W when the wind power change varies from 4 m/s to 5 m/s.

All the major projects that are envisioned mostly use only horizontal axis wind turbine. This
project work explores the scope for implementing vertical axis wind turbine for off-grid power
production. The primary aim of this project is to

• To utilize the wind power from a moving car to generate electricity to power a LED street
lamp whose rating is 100W.

• To use vertical axis wind turbine to capture as much wind as possible from both sides of
the highway and to rotate the generator to produce power. The VAWT used in this
project can produce 300 W when the wind speed is greater than 11 m/s and less than 40
m/s

• To implement Arduino based weather station to provide climatic information to users of

the highway.

• To automatically control the street lamp based on the prevailing light intensity.

Moving vehicles in a highway produce high wind pressure and in this paper using vertical axis
wind turbine (VAWT) we convert the wind energy produced by the fast-moving vehicles into
electrical energy to power a street lamp. In this off-grid application, a permanent magnet
synchronous generator (PMSG) is used to produce AC power and is converted to DC by an
inverter to power the street lamp. The VAWT, PMSG, inverter, charge controller, and filters are
designed using MATLAB. The state of charge (SOC) of the battery under no load, varying load,
and full load are analyzed using MATLAB. A filter is designed to minimize the harmonics and a
significant reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) is observed in MATLAB. The street
lamp is modeled as a resistor and the power consumption by the lamp is also analyzed in
MATLAB. To install this project in the highway, the base of the turbine was manufactured in a
box shape to house the components of the project. This sturdy base provides stability against the
forces of wind. The hardware assembly was tested in AL Fannar technical services using wind
blowers and characteristics of the turbine were tested in real-time. The lamps, inverters and
VAWT were also tested in the labs of Jubail Industrial College.

2. Literature Survey
In this section, a literature survey is carried out to investigate the types of VAWT, to compare
the performance of the various designs of VAWT, to understand its application, and to explore
the experimental studies carried out using VAWT.

A comparative analysis of Savonius rotor blade types such as curved, straight, aero-foil, twisted
blade design for VAWT carried out in (Shah et al., 2018) reveals straight blade is the least
effective and the twisted blade produces the better performance than other models. The design to
extract wind power from Darrieus type VAWT for an application in Mars is explained in
(Kumar et al., 2010). The performance of a uniquely designed lift based VAWT is compared
with multi-blade wind turbine in (Chiarelli et al., 2013). One of the reasons for VAWT not
implemented on a commercial scale is due to damages caused to the blades due to fluctuating
torque during operation. A design to reduce this fluctuation through pitching optimization is
available in (Erfort et al., 2020). An experimental study in (Eriksson and Bernhoff, 2005) reveals
directly driven synchronous generator is preferred over a geared induction generator VAWT
when torsional vibrations in the design of VAWT is considered. A study carried out in (Kang et
al., 2010) compares a spiral rotor design of Savonius turbine with conventional Savonius design.
The results indicate the torque performance of spiral Savonius turbine is better when whole
rotation cycle is considered. A stable operation of a turbine is related to maximum torque
coefficient and a comparative study between a conventional and spiral Savonius turbine available
in (Kang et al., 2013) indicates the maximum torque coefficient of spiral rotor is larger than the
conventional rotor of Savonius turbine. A review of fluid dynamics of different rotor designs
including spiral Savonius turbine available in (Kang et al., 2014).

In Nigeria, an implementation for VAWT system with Permanent Magnet Synchronous

Generator (PMSG) is carried out by (Omijeh et al., 2013) for powering home appliances. Detail
analysis of 8 different VAWT along with 16 horizontal axis wind turbine for off-grid
applications in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is provided in (Al-Hadhrami, 2014) reveals the annual
energy yield of VAWT increase significantly if the hub height is increased from 10 m to 20 or 30
m. This simulation study indicates the low load level under high wind speed would cause an
increase in output fluctuations. Economic analysis of ten different wind turbines using HOMER
software for a specific location (Yanbu where wind projects are expected to come up) in
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is carried out in (Sundaram, Mas’ud, et al., 2020).

A simulation model in (Wakui et al., 2009) analyzes the behavior of VAWT during load
variations and experimental model in (Kooiman and Tullis, 2010) analyzes the performance of
the wind turbine in an urban environment. Small wind turbines for off-grid application and its
potential for the urban environment is discussed in (Tzen, 2020). A standalone application of
VAWT to power cellular communication towers and also installed at elevated heights with blade
capping is investigated in (Plourde et al., 2011). Analysis of VAWT based on six-blade pitching
position is carried out in (Kavade and Ghanegaonkar, 2019) indicates optimized pitch position
relatively improves the power produced by VAWT. Aerodynamics analysis of VAWT with pitch
control is carried out in (Horb et al., 2018) reveals the power coefficients of VAWT can be
increased by as much as 15% using power tracking methods.

Simulation of a VAWT using PMSG for highway generation is available in (Raj and S, 2015)
but details of implementation are not provided. In India, a VAWT using Savonius type is
fabricated and implemented for highway power generation using car dynamo (Bidi et al., 2017;
Subbaiah and Pradesh, 2017). The objectives of the paper authored by (Sayais et al., n.d.) is
similar to ours, however, they have used solar panel and a modified Savonius turbine. In this
project, we are using a helix type vertical axis wind turbine which is more efficient than the
Savonius turbine to capture the wind from both directions of the highway.

More than 75% of the time around the year, the wind speed in Jubail industrial city where the
proposed prototype will be implemented is more than 3.5 m/s (Baseer et al., 2015). This
information is vital and based on this information the choice of the wind turbine was made in this
project.

The literature survey of the existing solutions in this area indicates there are scopes for
improvement in terms of design, development, innovation and implementation. Literature survey
also indicates very few projects have been implemented using VAWT for highway wind power
generation. In this work, in addition to implementing the VAWT wind turbine to produce power
for a street lamp, an ARDUINO based automatic control of the street light based on the
prevailing light intensity and a weather station that shows the highway drivers the temperature
and humidity is also implemented. This project provides an innovative solution to reduce carbon
footprint by using renewable energy.

3. Simulations

In this section, a discussion of the MATLAB based model to imitate the real-time vertical axis
wind turbine supplying a street lamp over a period of time and Arduino based automatically
control of lamp along with weather station is carried out as shown in Fig.1. MATLAB based
simulation of the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Generator (PMSG) were carried out using available blocks in Simulink. The inverter model, the
battery model and lamp modeled as a resistor was also implemented using the components
available in the Simulink.

The state of charge (SOC) of the battery is a measure commonly used to measure the amount of
energy available in the battery at the present time and amount of the energy that can be extracted
from it at the present time. The battery model available in SIMULINK was used in the Simulink
model and the SOC was monitored under no-load, full-load, and varying load. The harmonics
developed by power electronic devices were analyzed using POWERGUI block of the
MATLAB. A filter was designed to reduce the harmonics by trial and error in the Simulink.

To save energy an automatic control of street lamp based on prevailing light intensity was
designed using Arduino. Interfacing humidity and temperature sensor to Arduino helps us to
display this information to the users of the highway.
Figure 1. MATLAB based simulation and Arduino Based programming of the project

3.1. MATLAB Based Simulation

The main purpose of the MATLAB simulation is to verify if the rectified output of the wind
turbine with varying wind speed is able to power the street lamp. The simulation diagram of the
model is shown in Fig 2. The interconnection of sub blocks of the simulation file is shown in Fig
2A. The VAWT and generator sub block is shown in Fig 2B, the filter sub block in Fig 2C, the
controller and battery sub block in Fig 2D, inverter sub lock in Fig 2E, and load sub block in Fig
2F.
Figure 2A. Connections of the sub blocks of the MATLAB simulation file

Figure 2B. VAWT and Generator sub block

Figure 2C. Filter sub block

Figure 2D. Controller and battery sub block

Figure 2E. Inverter Sub block

Figure 2F. Load Sub block

Figure 2. MATLAB Simulation of the Project

To simulate the model as close as possible to real- time environment, the applied wind speed to
wind turbine block is varied from 0 m/s to 12 m/s. The parameters of the generator used in
simulation matches closely with the characteristics of the Permanent Magnet Generator used in
the hardware. The input to the generator block comes from the wind turbine model and its output
is connected to the controller block. The charging controller is simulated as a three-phase full-
wave diode rectifier. The battery used in hardware exactly matches the rating used in
simulations. The nominal voltage of the battery is 12 V and its rated capacity is 35 Ah. The
inverter converts DC voltage from the battery to AC voltage to feed the load which is a street
lamp.

The inverter is fed by 12 V DC and converts it to 220 V AC. It is modeled in two steps, a
MOSFET based DC boost chopper to increase the voltage from 12 V to 240 V. And then a
MOSFET based PWM voltage source inverter that converts the voltage from DC to AC. To
reduce the harmonics produced due to switching operation of MOSFET a LC filter is added to
the circuit during simulation. An LC filter which consists of inductance (L) in series and
capacitance (C) in parallel reduces harmonics by diverting harmonic currents in low-impedance
paths. Adding a filter reduces the harmonics at the output of the inverter and smoothens the
voltage waveform at the load side. The load that is used in this project is a LED lamp and it is
modeled as a resistive load.

3.2. Performance of model during discharging phase of battery

The time period of simulation is for 5.5 sec and the wind speed is varied from 0 m/s to 12 m/s. It
is varied in steps. From 0-1 sec, the wind speed is 0 m/s, from 1-4 sec, the wind speed is 4 m/s,
from 4-5 sec, the wind speed is 12 m/s. This variation is to simulate the model under varying
wind patterns. The voltage across the generator terminals is shown in Fig.3.

Figure 3. Voltage Output across the Generator Terminals during varying wind speeds.

From Fig. 3 it is observed that the voltage is almost constant at around 12 V AC whenever the
wind speed is more than the 0 m/s. And this matches the output of the generator used in the real-
time project. The voltage across the rectifier is shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 4. Voltage across Rectifier Terminals.

Figure 5. Battery Current

 Figure 6. State of Charge of the Battery.

It’s observed that the voltage is almost constant and around 12 V DC which perfectly simulates
the charging controller. Also, the battery current is changing and this is because the wind speed
is changing as shown in Fig. 5. When the simulation is carried out with the load connected the
battery state of charge is decreases from 90% to around 89.95% as shown in Fig. 6. The inverter
is fed by the battery of a constant 12 V DC voltage. The load current, load voltage and the
fundamental voltage waveform are shown in Fig 7. Part of the harmonics are removed from the
voltage waveform using the filter and hence voltage looks smoother as shown in Fig 7.

Figure 7. Load Current, Load RMS Voltage and Fundamental Wave.

3.3. Performance of model during charging phase of battery

In this case, the load is disconnected to simulate the effect of battery charging. The time period
of simulation is for 5.5 sec and the wind speed is varied from 0 m/s to 12 m/s. It is varied in
steps. From 0-1 sec, the wind speed is 0 m/s, from 1-4 sec, the wind speed is 4 m/s, from 4-5 sec,
the wind speed is 12 m/s. This variation is to simulate the model under varying wind patterns.
The State of charge of the battery is shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 9 shows the state of charge of the
battery when the wind is gradually changing.

Figure 8. Battery State of Charge during sudden changes in wind speed.

 Figure 9. Battery State of Charge during gradual changes in the wind speed.

3.4. Harmonics Analysis using MATLAB

When a filter is not used it was found that the voltage wave consists of more than 70% Total
Harmonics Distortion (THD) as shown Fig.10. A LC filter was designed to reduce the THD.

Figure 10. Harmonics Analysis before Applying LC Filter.

The LC filter was designed by trial and error approach. The LC filter consists of a series inductor
with a rating of 400 mH and a parallel capacitor with a rating of 380 nF. The designed LC filter
is able to smooth out the voltage wave at the load as well as reducing the THD as shown in Fig.
11. After applying this filter, the harmonics were reduced by 20% as shown in Fig. 11. The load
side voltage is now smoother as shown in Fig. 7 compared to the load side voltage before
applying filter as shown in Fig. 12.

Figure 11. Harmonics Analysis after applying LC Filter.

Figure 12. Load Current, Load RMS Voltage and Fundamental Wave before Applying LC
Filter.
4. Implementation of the Project

Trans Country Company in Saudi Arabia designed a sturdy base for this project to hold the
VAWT along with other components. The base was galvanized to prevent corrosion from the
rain and humidity as shown in Fig.13. The various steps involved in assembling the model are
shown in Fig. 14.

Figure 13. Galvanized base used in the project.

 Receiving the Initial Design of the Painted Model of the
Model of the base
Components Base Base

Assembly of the Connection of the Assembly of the

vertical blades Charge Controller project

Figure 14. Assembling the project in the workshop of Jubail Industrial College

4.1. ARDUINO based weather station and automatic street light control

The main aim of using ARDUINO in this project is to design a weather station beside controlling
the street lamp using sensors and relays. Both UNO and Mega ARDUINO have used in this
project, which provides flexibility and increases reliability through redundancy. The weather
monitoring station designed to provide accurate information about the temperature and humidity
to the users of the highway uses a humidity and temperature sensor connected to UNO
ARDUINO, at the same time MEGA ARDUINO connected with a one channel relay is used to
control a street lamp (the load in this case) using a light sensor.

4.1.1. ARDUINO Components and Sensors

Using ARDUINO for programming purposes is very popular these days due to open-source
environment and easy programming interface. Many projects use ARDUINO due to the
flexibility, reasonable components cost, and very less development time. The following
components have been used in this project:
  UNO ARDUINO

 MEGA ARDUINO

 LCD ( I2C LCD )

 Sensors ( DHT11 & Light sensor )

 Relays (One Channel Relay)

The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 Analogue inputs, 4 UARTs
(hardware serial ports.( While UNO ARDUINO has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can
be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

4.1.2. Humidity and Temperature displaying through (UNO ARDUINO)

DHT11 is a cheap and very popular sensor for measuring temperature/humidity of the
environment (Highway) and is compatible with ARDUINO. It has four pins and works with 3-
5.5 V supply. The connection of the DHT11 Sensor and LCD I2C to the UNO ARDUINO is
shown in Fig 15 and Fig 16 respectively. DTH11 measures the relative humidity in percentage,
the prevailing temperature in degree Celsius, and transfers the reading directly to ARDUINO.

Figure 15. DHT11 Sensor Connection

 Figure 16. I2C LCD Connection

The function of the IC in DTH11 is to process the change in resistance values which is
proportional to the humidity and convert them into a digital signal. Regarding temperature
measurement, the DHT11 sensor uses a thermistor which is the main idea is to cause a decrease
in its resistance value with an increase in temperature.

4.2. Load Control Using Light Sensor through (MEGA ARDUINO)

The automatic load control is achieved using a light sensor shown in Figure 18. The load is
connected to the battery through a relay shown in Figure 17. When the light intensity is more, the
relay is de-energized to turn off the load, and when the light intensity is less, the relay is
energized to turn on the load automatically.

Figure 17. Load Connection

 Figure 18. Light Sensor Connection

The Light Sensor, which is also called Photo Sensor or Photoelectric Sensor, as it converts light
energy or photons into electrical signals. Its output is a signal that is proportional to the intensity
of light. The resistance of the sensor is very high when there is no light, and resistance decreases
in the opposite case.

5. Testing

In this section test results conducted on measurement of insulation resistance, stator resistance,
open circuit, the VAWT, charge controller and the lamps at Jubail Industrial College and Al
Fannar technical Services at Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be presented.

The specification of the components is provided in Appendix A. From the specification of the
Helix VAWT available in appendix A, the plot of wind speed vs. the power output is shown in
Fig 19. At very low wind speeds up to 1.3 meters per second no electrical power is generated.
The cut-in speed is 2.5 meters per second. As the wind speed rises above the cut-in speed, the
level of electrical output power rises rapidly. However, typically around 11 meters per second,
the power output reaches the rating of 300 W. As the speed increases above the wind speed of 40
meters per second, the forces on the turbine structure continue to rise and, at some point, there is
a risk of damage to the rotor. As a result, a braking system is employed to bring the rotor to a
standstill.
 400
300 300
300
Power (W)

200

100
0 0 0 0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Wind speed (m/s)

Figure 19. Plot of Wind Speed Vs. Power Output of Helix VAWT

5.1. Testing of PMSG

The standard test to be conducted on rotating electrical machines according to IEC (IEC 60034-
4-1:2018 Rotating electrical machines - Part 4-1: Methods for determining electrically excited
synchronous machine quantities from tests) standards are

- Insulation Resistance Test.

- Stator resistance test.

- Open circuit test.

5.1.1. Insulation Resistance Test

Insulation resistance tests are made to determine insulation resistance from individual windings
to the ground or between individual windings by Megger. The Insulation Resistance test
conducted at Al Fannar technical services by grounding the body was more than 2000
Megaohms and in accordance with the standards.

5.1.2. Stator Resistance Test

This test is performed to measure stator resistance and to determine if there is any contact exist
between three-phase windings. A DC current is entered into two of the three stator windings
(since the frequency is zero reactance of the winding will be zero) and resistance is measured.
Table 1 summarizes the stator resistance test conducted between the three-phase U,V, and W.
As per standard less than 5% unbalance in average resistance is acceptable.

Table 1. Winding Resistance Test

Phase Reference UV VW WU
Ohm 9.5 9.52 9.55
9.523
Average

% of deviation from Average -0.023 -0.003 0.027

5.1.3. Open Circuit Test

The objective of this test is to know the open-circuit performance of the generator, i.e. without
any load. The obtained results are shown in Table 2. As ii is a no load test, the output voltage is
only dependent on rotational speed of the generator.

Table 2. Open-circuit test result

RPM 0 55.7 77 88 100 150
AC Voltage 0 10.5 14.515 16.588 18.851 28.276

A test set up consisting of multi-meter, clamp meter, anemometer and four ventilation fans along
with the VAWT were assembled at Al Fannar Technical Workshop. Ventilation Fan was run one
by one to increase the wind speed which enabled us to measure RPM, DC voltage and Current.
Table 3 summarizes the results obtained using the test set up. The maximum wind speed we
could obtain in the test set up was 8.13 meters per second. The theoretical power in Table 3 is
calculated using the formula given by (1) by considering 5% losses

(1)

Where, P is in watts, Maximum power coefficient (Cp) is taken as 0.3 based on research in
(Pujol et al., 2018) which suggests Cp could vary between 2.6 to 4.7 depending on tip speed
ratio, the density of air is 1.225 kg/m3, Rotor Area A is 0.546 m2 which is the product of height
(1.05 m from specification) and rotor diameter (0.52 m) and V is the velocity of the wind in m/s.
 Table 3. Tabulation of Power VS WIND Speed
Wind Speed Measured Theoretical
RPM V (DC ) I charging(DC)
m/s Power (W) Power (W)
0 0 0 0 0 0
5.8 51 11.52 0.075 0.864 18.596

6.050196 53.2 11.54 0.115 1.3271 21.108

6.618824 58.2 11.55 0.245 2.82975 27.637

6.857647 60.3 11.58 0.34 3.9372 30.738

7.164706 63 11.6 0.374 4.3384 35.054

7.278431 64 11.66 0.416 4.85056 36.75

7.44902 65.5 11.68 0.42 4.9056 39.395

8.02902 70.6 11.7 0.57 6.669 49.332

8.131373 71.5 11.72 0.6 7.032 51.243

A cubic relationship between the wind speed and power is visible in the plot shown in Fig 20 and
it also indicates the useful power that can be drawn from the wind is much less than the available
power.

60
Theoretical Vs ActualPower 49.332
51.243

50
36.7539.395
35.054
40
30.738
Power (W)

27.637
30 21.108
18.596
20 4.85056 7.032
4.9056
2.82975
3.9372
10 1.3271 4.3384 6.669
0.864
0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Test Theoretical
Wind Speed (m/s)

Fig 20. Plot of theoretical and test speed of the wind turbine
5.2. Testing of Charge Controller

The objective of this test is to measure the braking voltage of the charge controller to make sure
the braking mechanism is working when the battery becomes full or speed exceeds the cut-out
speed. This test was performed in a lab available in Jubail Industrial College as shown in Figure
21. One terminal of the charge controller was connected to variable DC supply and the other
terminal was connected to the wind turbine. As the DC voltage was increased up to 12 V (which
is the rating of the battery) the shaft was able to rotate freely. But if the voltage increases above
12 V braking mechanism comes into play and when the voltage is decreased again the shaft is
able to move slowly and when it reaches 12 V it is able to move freely. This test is summarized
in Table 5.

Fig 21: Testing of Charge Controller

Table 5 Testing of Charge Controller

Applied DC Voltage State of blade

12 Rotate Freely by hand

14.5 Braking. (Not able to rotate by hand)

13.2 Able to rotate by hand

5.3. Testing of Lamp
The objective of this test is to measure active power and power factor of the lamp. The results
shown in table 6 indicate lamp is a purely resistive load.

Table 6 Testing of Lamp

Applied Voltage V Measured Current A Measured Power W Measured PF
100 0.5 40 Unity

115 1.5 100 Unity

155 1.2 100 Unity
220 0.5 100 Unity

5.4. Testing of the model in the highway

After successfully testing the components in the labs of Jubail Industrial College, the project was
tested in the highway. The prevailing wind was able to charge the battery. The testing on the
highway is shown in Figure 22.

Fig 22: Testing of the model on the Highway

6. Conclusion and Future Work

This project has designed and implemented a highway wind power generator using VAWT. The
model was tested on a highway and it was able to charge the battery and power the street lamp.
The Arduino was able to automatically control the lamp according to the prevailing light
intensity and an LCD connected to Arduino displayed the weather conditions to the users of the
highway.

In future, the weather station will be improved from a simple LCD display to a large monitor to
make it visible for users from a long distance. A bigger wind turbine would be designed for this
purpose. Communication from the sensors to the lab in JIC would be carried out using IOT. This
would enable us to carry data logging. Further the wind turbine will be integrated with solar
panel to water the plants on the median of the highway using a similar idea available in
(Arunachalam, 2019; Sundaram, Zuhair, et al., 2020)

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge the financial support received from Royal Commission of Jubail, and
Jubail Industrial College for carrying out this work.

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Appendix A
Specification of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Charge Controller Specification