(pe-MATHS-1A SOLUTIONS (May-10,Mar-07,17,Ts Mar-18) Giventhat a, & ¢,| SMOMSingular manix det A209 41 exists Let A.B, C, are cofactors of a,b, & for i [i BG cofactor matrix of A=| 4: Bs C, l4 BG (iM) A, A, = Adj(Ay= a, a G [a bo alf[4 4 4 Now A (adj A)=|a, b, c| 1B, B, B, a & al lG GQ G [a,4,+6,B,+¢,C, aA, +b,B, +¢,C. 4,4, +B, + 6,C, =| 0,4, +b,B,+0,C, yA, +6;By+¢;C;, ayy +.B, + > Ay + O,By+O,C, ayy +b,By + 6,C, dtd 0 0] fio 0] =| 0 ded 0 |= detdjo 1 Of=detas 5 0 0 deca] loo 1] (2M) ( AUAGA)= eet AT => AU Gea 1) (Ada) 9, similarly we can prove that | epg }4 4 onnennne2) From (1) & (2), QM) by Inverse defination if A is nea singular square matrix 3 | uare matrix B of same order such fo taaAB=BA=1 Maivana Pége.st.32ARAPE-MATHSA Adi) => Aisinvertibleand 1 joy bic cra athl la b wen leva a+b becle2e cat (Oct-96, Maris) 2. Show that ath bec ed la BF b+e cha ath Consider [© $9 tb Ob te Sol. Consider a+b bre cra ROR+RAR, Aarbse) Yarh+se) Aarh+c jatb+e atbh+e atbee| =| cha ath bee |= eta ath be | asd bre cha ath bee eta ROR-R b © a = 2eta ath bre is, a+b bse cha n RRR Ie co bc gl =2eta ath bed 22, | le be ob 6 Gog ba ane ace lab & b ¢ ss a =O) 6 cal aoe 4 : (QM) cn a} Gec I y ; ule lea la at y 3. le bt ay “Mand! 42 eet ten : 1] © Mhen show that abe cece OS-MAR.29) (Mar-04,14)7 SOLUTIONS any QM) UM ° adel abe) ROR,JSR-APE-~MATHS-1A, la b | | of b 1 ig b cla -b - ab clf-a a(t) aticlhc ale a bl =the alia ka feed fo a Alo © @ ca bihs [vnc -abtab+c -ac+b? acl |2be~ c =abictab -b+actac ~bevbe+a’| =| & 2ac ~ -aevac+b beta’ tbe ~c +ab+ab] g ¢ la boc consider? © | =[a(be~a?)~b(0? ca) +e(ab—e*)] ea b =[abe~a’ 6 +abe+ abe -eF = [Babe (a+b? +6) = [a +6! +0 —3abe) f =(a? «6? +e -3abe)! lab cf [2be-a? 2 <. from(1)&(2)\b ce ea (a +0? +0 ~3abe) i a’ +5, Showthat|! 2 5'|=(a-6)(6-c)(c~a)(ab+be +a) 1 (Mar-09,17) hoa a’ 2 pl Sol.Consider ||? © 2 RRR, ROR HR, lo a? t “ a peel 9 (a~b)(a+b) (4~b)(a’ +ab+0") bc =|]0 (»- TSP] oP ag taeenre) 0 oth a eabay? (a-b)(b—ey]o ane » pee ts “ ! R, RR,-(avb 7) atbecy (at 1[2b-(b-c-a)] are fated! vod (eeaardse tM) 0 ath a eabae’ a0 1 aebee uM) pe oe | A) Heya eb ee) (a? eab4P')] (det expanding based on CF a babtea babe rhea! —ab~b | adfab+ be + ea) @M) 2a sd fresner (Mar-1t.May-11) te ea 2a da b-c-a 2h 2e c-a-b ROR FRR, latbee atbte athee =| 2b ie 2 exp 14 1 ah | my G76,-c, 0 1 1 \ =(ath+e)] 0 b-c-a 2 latbve ee -a- 1 2%» e—a~b} QM) te) (2b-b rosa) (det expanding based on C1) bee) =(arbsey QM) Page.no.38Sol. a 6 ’ se bechza bh f= 2b 1E) Csune-r0.Mar-t0,16,18) 5 on 87, Spence : a eval ja+b42e a 6 h + 0+ 2a 6 Consider] © bte#2a 5 i @ cta+2h GQIGtate, 2a +2b+ 2c a b I a b | a+2b+2e bee+2a b | =2(atb+c)fl b+o+2a b tan Ra-2+2 get a4 2H Ha eta ref wag, Stow ha (8 bee fa Sot BORK. ROR-R 1 a b FarhscO arbec 9 Pa ashe 2th olord sey 0] =atbse) (det expanding based on C y lOve cea ass ( ctalsa) yg) oe} +e ~3ab¢ . ° (Mar-08, May-07) Ieee cxy axe} lone Consider (5 be oy | “ b oR pg [%o ha aay bo, | i@ 6 .-MATHS-JA SOLUTION je a t ; 4 = e(e* ab) afbe—a')s (6? ae) ~abe~ ahora +b abe sal eb) +e—Iahe asi a? +2a ast 1 2a+ ard 1=( Show that /March-07,13,20) é 300304 ‘ a? + 2a 2ast | | consider |24+! +2 3 3] R>R-R, @-1 a-1 oj la+1 1.0} =2(a-1) a-1 O=(a-1)(a-1)} 2 1 0 (amy 3 3 I 3 31 =(a~1)' [(a+1)(1-0)-1(2-9)+0(6-3)] =(a~1) (a+1-2) =(a-1)’ GM) abe ‘We showthat |* 2° c'|=abe(a-b)(b-c)(e-a). eee ~~ (@M) 1 | 0 ° 1 abel ab hee (a-b)laeb) (b~c)(n+e) ~> GM) Ravana — Page.n0.370 0 1 sabe(a~b)(b-c)} 11 lath bre ec} expanding along 2, a= (2M = abe(a~b)(b~c)(b+e-a-b) ) UM = abe(a~b)(b—c)(e~a) My a a? be cal =0 11, Show thar]! & bea = 0, ce call ha at ~be| Sol: Lu.s=|! & > eal lc ead] RRR, ROR -R, I-1 a-b @?-b'~be+cal alll b-c Bb’ ~c?-~ca+ab} 5 [te tab ~~ QM) 0 (2-6) (a-b)(a+b+e} =]0 be (b-c)(b+c+a) pe ab 0 1 asbed =(a-b)(b-c)}0 1 asbecd Toe ab Since R, and Ry are identi =(a~b)(b~c)0 2 are identical wi ve i = QM) 12. Solve the following simultaneous tnear equatio, Matrix inversion OS by usin and Gauss -Jorda W3x44y+5, (i) x+y an se ceumers rule. a ~12,15,May-09,TS-Mar- Method !Mareh-13,17 May-11,12] 21-09,10,2014 May-2010} 2 O CTS-Mar-19y.v401-09,12,13, M82" oe % (Mar-07,09,17 rearpk-MATHS-1. SOLUTIONS: SetdysSzelB, 2x-y 482213, 52-9970 00 [3 4 site} fr] { The given system of linear equation can be written as | 2 Ail 13] s -2 a2} [20] which is in the form ofA X =D any Now Fescrto aoe apecanson (My 7 4s ~1 8/=18(-7+16)-4(91-160)+5(~26 + 20) = 408 aM) 24 5) 5 =3(91-160)~18(14--40)+5(40-65) =136 (iM) 7\ 18) f 13| =3(-20+26)—4(40-65)+18(~4+5) =136 (1M) k 20} | Bence b aT = i083 1368) AuE ae | Hence by eramer’s rute, A} 136 al 36 136 | = is the solution for the given system of equations. (2M) f wersion method - The given system of linear equations are | 8, 2x-y482213, Sx-2y+72=20 3.04 Six] [is ‘The given system of linear equations can be written as : | ; vl (aM) Which isin the form of AX =D Bo4 5 + - 4 dtasis 1 gi) |. Maa -1 8 Hint: * Is -2 7 I+ = 4 =3(-7416)-4(14~40)+5(-445) exists} «my 620 afd 8 I2 Sofactor of 3=(-1)' =(-7+16)=9 cofactor of va[2 8 factor of 3={~-1) la 1 {-7+16)=9 | cofactor of 4a (-1y ‘\, ‘ ~ (14-40) = 26 Page.n0.39ARAPE-MATHS-AA 143 [2 cofactor of $=(-1) y (-4+5)=! cofactor of 2 4 B 5) =-4.cofactor of8 =(-1)"" |. cofactor of -1=(-I) c ‘(21-29 4 ls wld 5 4.5) =37 wofactor of ~: cofactor of § = (- wf {ee 5)=37 3-8) = -11 cofactor matrix of A=] -38 = 1} cofactor matrix o} 8)=-1 - ols 4 cofactor of 7 = (1) b . 9 2% 1) [9 -3 37 38 -4 26) =|26 4 -I4 1, Adj (A)= AME iy Ail le oe) cli ' Adj{ A) Hence by matrix inversion method = 4“. = =<" D 9 -38 aus | B) BO 26 -uf20| 468 ~52 - i =| 18611 meer 4944740) { 408] 3 X= | 18+338-220 16 | Bo 1] Aiz= thisthe solution for the given system of equations. system of Tinear equations are 3, Sx-2y 47, 304 ‘The given tem of lner equation can be wsinen as | 2 which is inthe form of 4X =p augmented matix (4D } RPK“ 2K R,9 3B, 5p NARAVANAupe-MATHS-LA LUTIONS 3 4 5 18 Va 0-1 14 3 61 yy ee =o 13 2 Is 1 " : R OUR HAR, Ry ORB, 3300 11 210 oO -11 14 0 0 204 204 RAR, 3 204 110 37: 70 O -11 14 3 S (aM) oo 1d Ry > R,-37R,, Ry > Ry ~14R, X= 3; y= 1; 2 1 is the solution for the given system of equations (iM) $) The given system of linear equations are St y4209, W+Sp472=52, Wety-z=0 _ Thegiven system of linear equations can be written as 1 2 2 aM) Poge.no.4tHence by cramers nile x 2 x=hy=3y is the solution f Matrix Inversion Methot Matrix Inversion Method: he given s The given system of li Vi yx [2] 2.5 THyl=lso 2 0} Which is in the form of AX=D et as}. 57 21-4 "det Ae O=> 4 exists vifS 7 Cofactor of t= (-1)"P “5-75 . 7 Cofactor of t= (1) ‘| ~(-2-14) 5 5 pall af Cofactor of 2 = {~1) h =e Gs zerft Cofactor of 7 = (-1Y he i (1-2). X4y 4229, 24 Spas Ar equations can be written as =M-5-7)-(-2-14) 91(2- _ for the given system of equations, ystem of linear equations are 10)=420 -12 "6 Cofactor of 1 =Car? 2 2 ‘Coftetor of Se (5 ye 7 Coftetor of 2 = =(1y } i 4 A ‘ iCotitetor of “T= (1)! ‘| (IM) “122 9 -4] ft 1 -3 52 144—156—0 =/3 ; an) 0 | 7245240 5; 1 =|3 (IM) ; 5 5 is the solution for the given system of equations Gauss Jordan Method: The given system of linear equations are x+y +259, Ww4Sp472 =52, It y— near equations can be written as 52 @M) onl Which is in the form of AX=D rrio. 9 Snei, : 25 7 S82 -Comsideraugmented matrix [ADJ=} 10 Ry R,=2RK,.R, > Ry 2K, Proro9 ~]O 3 5 34] aM =I -3 -18](chipper Ry 3R,- RR, 9 3R,- 30-2 -77 ~10 3. 5 34 (iM) lo 0 4 20] R. Rot 3.0 -2 7 ~|0 3 5 34 oo 1 8 3.003 | ~|0 3.09 (1M) i oo1s i p R R : RopRko 3 e i 1oo1 é ~|0 1 03 aE 9015 i “ x=], y=3,2=5 isthe solution forthe given system of equations . i (i) Cramer's rule The given system of linear equa tions are Qa -yt32 29.04 y+ WX—V+z=2 The given system of near equations canbe writtenag - — 5 Which is in the form of AX=D 2-1 Nowa | 200104311) ; 9 -1 3) ‘ap 7 [PODN6-2)43(.6 9). 29 ne | (6-2) -9¢ a ~)#32~6). RARAVANA9 i | a=! g-2024.6fbi2-e)e9(-I= aM) i 2 | 4, Hence by eramers rule =." 3 is the solution for the given 5, tem of equations 2M) jain Inversion Method:TIie given system of inca equations are (TS-Mar-16) Qe-yt3z fa -1 3if A“ r {io to a ‘The given system of linear equations can be written as { (iM) fb -t a b- 4 Which is in the form of AX=D Hint: | 1 fe - 4 -13 aM) 1 Cottxetor of != (“1 yee I v=A'D= (IM) Hence by matrix inversion Method PagenoAsne A. ; 2) fl -4]f9 18-12-8 | alel2 Lli6 0-642 |=) 7 3 flo] 7 }-19+6+6 ~6) r =|2 3 is the solution for the given system of equations . Gauss Jordan Method: The given system of linear equations are Qr-pt32=9,xby+2=64- YE 2 -1 3]fx The given system of linear equations can be written as ' ‘ ° Which s inthe form of AX=D 2-139 Consider augmented matrix tad}! ‘ ' ° Ry > 2Ry)-R,R, > 28, -R, Pee) 60 8 30 -|0 3 -1 3 ~0 3-1 3 0 -1 -1 -5 00 ~4 ~12 R BR +R, R 3K FR, Rete ek 2 ho 0 4 15 ~}0 3-1 3 a oo 1 3] “0 30 6 901 3 ROR AR, Ro RAR, Rok 100 aa NARAYANA NARA) +3ypezs5ee riegivensysier of linear equation can be written as ieee) eee 5 y{,D=|0 M Z . (IM) 2 uo aM) pf 1 gles) ep 2 = 5(2+3)41(0+5)+3(0-10) _ 954.5 30-0 cM) 5 3 i ae 15 3 0 -H=1(0+5)-S(4-1)+3(20-0) _¢ ys 6p 250 (iM) sol ° ° 1-4 a,f4 2 O=1(10-0)+1(20-0)+5(I2+2) ig, 29470=100 © (IM) -1 3 5] Hence by cramer’s rule 50 02 @M) = 2 is the solution for the given system of equations. 1-13 5 A 4 2 =|0 w= (IM) -13 1 z| 5 [a)=1(2+3)41(4-1)+3(12+2) =1(5)+1(3)+3(14) #543442 =50 aM) +(2+3) -(4-1) +(12 +2) Ais non singular cofactor element ofa matrix A is e(al=o) nee tS )usr = (2!) +(1-6) -(-1-12) +(2+4) 5-3 14 Qpuaue=2) 5.13 6 Page.no.47VIS UEE- MATHS ~~ (2M) Adi ---- (IM) 2 is the solution for the given system of equations — eM) | i) Gauss Jordan method :- om of linear equations are x y+32=5, 4x-+2y ‘The given system of linear equation can be written as canals 1-13 x 5 d Mea y|.D=|0 4 1301 : 5 OM) 3 augmented matrix [42] = NARAVANARoR SR, Ryd Ry TAR, 6000 0606 001? Cramer's Rule: Ans, The given system of linear equations are [2 3]f«] [8 ‘The piven system of lincar equation can be written as au Vs l=la 3 1 -4]f 0 Which is in the form of AX =D now 2 -1 3 1]=2[-8-1]+1[4-3]+3[-1-4] 3 1 -4 -1 3 2 1 fe8[-8-I]+l[-16-0]+3[4-0] = -76 lo 1 28 3 sy=ht 4 f= 2[-16-0]-8[4~3]+3[0-12]=~76 3.0 -4 2-1 4 Sy=-1 a] = 2[0—4]4 10-12] +8[-1-6] = ~76 Is 10 HAVANA : Page.nJRAPE-MATHS-LA 4 Hence by cramer’s rule, = 7 x (ii) Matrix inversion method :- The given system of linear equations are Qv-ys32=8-x4 yds sd 3xty— ‘The given system of linear equations can be written as | which is in the form of AX=D =-3820 NARAYANANP oe She] b =[-1 -17 -5 E 7 <8. 33: : 9-1-7 =[-I -I7 -5 : did aga] a (Adid) D | lal -9 -1 -7][8 Bort a7 ls k ~*l-7 -5 43/10 f | -12-440 16 I “= -8-68+0 “= -16 ~""[-56-20+0| ~~ |-76 ee } 2] Le ti Gauss jordan method | The given system of linear equations are 2x ~ y +32 =8,-x+2y +2 =4,3x4y~4z=0 -1 2 ‘yy 4] The given system of linear equations can be written as, 2-13 I | a 1 sz} [oj 4] 8 0 ET NT30 4 -20 O23, 5.216 0 0-38 ~76 a Ry > Ry/-38 30 4 20 03.56 oo 12 RR +TR, > R-SR, R>R/-3 RRI3 10 0 =|0 10 oo 4 rant Nw w vi) Cramer's rule : - ‘The given system of near equations are x4 yee SL2r42p43e ‘The given system of i a linear eqa “eaations canbe writen as {2 2 3 ‘Which s inthe form of AX ~ py ne hor y Now 4=R2 2 3)= Its 19 fj 2]-I[18—3 ag ALifs—y a NARAYANA~9}+Uf24—6] = -21 th 6 3)=1[54~9]-1[18~3]4-1[6-6] =30 13 1 6) = 1[6~24]-1fo~6] + 1[8~2] = 12 3 mh ; 30 A, _-12 jence by eramer’s rule See v= 7, =—10,2 =4 isthe solution for given system of equations on method : - The given system of linear equations are Maurix inv eyes toa vyfxy fi - : 5s 2 2 3i/y|=|6 The given system of linear eqations can be written as i 14 offs} [3 Whieh is in the form of AX =D ie det t=|2 2 3}=1[18-12]-1[18-3]+1[8-2]=-3+0 144 LP PoP 2 (ee ata ali : } ttt +(18-12) -(18-3) ‘eay =|41 A =| -(9-4 -1) -(4- | k +h { | ‘ : “ ‘ (a >| +(3-2) -(3-2) +(2-2 1 | i! 1 ea (2-2) + - + 23 2 3, 2 J [6 of] fe -s 1 AdjA=|-5 3) =|-1S 8 -1 ha -1 0 6 3 0MATHS-1A 6 -15 -s 17h 8 -t/6}= -3 0413] (iii) Gauss Jordan. Method The given sy The given sy 1 4 2 Soa AD W stem oflinear equal stem of linear equa 1 |) x oily l= 3], 2 Noe vB 1 0 0 3 0 SCHR So ow 6-3043 Vy _ps+at~3 6- 1840 J tions are xty#2= tions can be written 3s 1 3 6 1 oS 6 feteaaa 11 8 1 Reo 3k Rk, 5 4 : 8 2 80) 1, axt2y+3z-6, xtdyt9z-3,#13, Examine whether the following system of equations is consistent or inconsistent. Ifconsistent find the complete solutions. (Jume #2) (MargSily (TS-Mar-15) k f | I t k : I f The given system of linear equations can be writen as Which is in the form ofAX=D eM eM R38, -6R, Rank (4)=2 & Rank (AD}=3 — -. Rank (de Rank ( 4D} . The given system of Equations are inconsistent and it has no selubon, eM The given system of linear equations are x= p> 2The given system of linear equations can be written as w Which is inthe form ofAX=D ro Consider Augmented matrix [4D ]=} 2 2 -I 1 Ry > R= 2R, RV RR, 1113 oot ty oo1 R,>R-R, Rank (A)=2 & Rank (AD)=2 -, Rank (4)=Rank (4D)<3 ee “~The given system of Equations are consistent and it has an infinite number of solutions. jexty+z=33(1) z=19(2) Let y=k,WkER Now (I)xtk+l=3) ox¢hk=2 oyx=2-k 2-k, k,2= 1: Vk e Ris the solution of the given system of equations i) Sol-The given system of linear equations x + y+2=6,x—y-42=2,25~y4 Vor Vx 6 The given system oflinear equations can bewrittenas |! —1 1] y |=] 2 5 2-1 3}ls Which is in the form of AX=D a . Poa 4 Consider Augmented matrix [4p aii 1 - 2 2-1 3 9 Rr Ry RyRy > R,~ 2K, fi \ 1 6] hry, [O72 0 4] 20 4 hoi 6 lo -3 4 {0 ~2 6| ~{® | 0 2 oo 4-~ (IM) === (IM) -- GM) Rowton zero rows in A= K(A)=9 non zero rows inAD = 2 ank (AD) =: 2 - — (IM) many solutions rel z20 —~ (IM) SOLUTIONS: R, > -2R,4+3R h LR & ak (4) =3 & Rank (AD) =3 Rank (A= Rank (40) (iM) The given system of Equations ar ‘consistent and it has unique solutions, iexty+2=6—(I) 2-(2) 3 (3) Substitute y= 2 & in equation (1) +326 Sx45=6 = =Ly=2,2=3 's the solution forthe given system of equations. GM) i) ve yeeoh 2 4o-aot eqaart|* 4 oT) hen tid 4 a-t8 fv e2 4 got Gaeattae te] OT -l 3-1 fy ory. at 1ee3 -2-2-1 14241 4 Ase No 1 -afsfovo-3 Ostet O-I-H = 3 278 yor riya a} [aeoe3s -6-Iel 3+l4l] LO 8 2 ‘| [4soet2 ges-4 44544 16 =! 1 -afe|-as0-6 64242 -3-2-2]=|9 \ i peOels -12-8-5 64845 ] [2 WUD Lek AT +1S¥2-0 13-12-140] fo 0 0 Y49-0-0 - 1-6-1} -74641-0] =]0 0 O]=0 (EIS FO 2seadet-o t-1s-1-3] fo a 0 wta ah cea BOB BD bee dar db re)(eva) ere ced 26) Abe of third degree experssion, let ar b =O => RORER AK RRR ORR, Irrb con te voy Tob eb Le. reo a . (rae 4) NARATANS oe aS (a2, — 4|ATHS-1A, > (a+b) is a factor 2ONS ( of A ipNs similarly (6 +e) (e4 {1} are also factors of &/ A athird degree experssion — for any se alar ‘k any sealar + A=k(a+ b\(b+e\cra) a ath c+al nth 2b be =k(a+5\(b4.} Jota c4+b 26 (era) pul a=b= (im) 2 2 | 2 2)=K(2)(2)(2) ~2(4-4)-2(—4~4) + 2(4 44) =84 0416416 =8k => 32=8k kag 2a a+b c+al “Aslatb -2b b+el=4(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) (iM) lct+a c+b -2¢ . By using Gaus-jordan method,show that the follwing system has no solution Ixtdy—z2=0, x+2y4+2¢=5, 3x+6y-72=2 Given system of equations are 2x +4y—2=0, x+2y+22=5,3 24 , 12 The given system of linear equation can be written as, a (uM) Which is in the form of AX =D. 24 -10 1225 (iM) a atrix [AD] = augmented matrix [AD]=|- 5 Ry ~> 2K, = Ry, Ry > 2K, -3R, 274-1) .0 re 00 5 0 00 5 10 un) oo -n 4| 00 0 130 does not exist so that given system of equations has no solution, 204 dys 0,522 0,0=130 aM)eee then show that for all positive integers in cose | s | cosnG sinn® Losinn® cos (Nov-98) [ caso “e] this problem can be proved by using miathen, ~sind coso tbs Pi induction. Let S(n) be the given statement { cosn@ sina (eae cosnO forn=l, Lis.s fie 4 te S(n): a" asd snd 52 =A Ris lee | SLHUS=RHS = S(n) is true for y=} et us assume that S(n}is tue for y - k teat { cosko el [sink cosko | fr nek et me | costa sMkO NE cose ama) \-sinke costa || sm cosa | £0540 cos singe sino cok) sing y ANKE cos L>snk0 cos costa 06 sin k@ sing y COSKO cond <| (48 <6) sin(k@ sy) Losia|ke 78) cos(t4o)| 7) is ae for Rebs} By the principal of ; y Rnite mathe... 3 Seatement ts tne ge ematical ing all pos ction 4 2 - Positive integer ind “ction the given a then for = S( [3 fers. de] i ARY integer L MEL show 1 eee hat i i tn : NARAYANA ass eeeSOLUTIONS this problem can be prov ‘ed by using mathematical induction. Let S(n) be the given statement be S(n)sa |!" “An a 1-2n for n=l. 2.4.5 fis2 +] Li 12} RHS S true for n=1 RAS Jt =S(n) aM) fetus assume that S(1)is true for n=k 1 [142k —ax ied' = ko 1=2k (am) kels ato aig AR Y[3 A] _f346k—4e sev 4e]_[1+2(k 41) 4a +1) 12k} 11-1] “| 3k+1-2 eon (k+l) 1-2(k+1) = S(n) is true for n=k41 *. By the principal of finite mathematical induction the given (2M) statement is true for all positive integers of n x cos?@ — cosOsind NI O-$=5 then show that | os oing sin? cospsing |_ wg | (Mar-04, May-09,12) nae [ cos one cos? ote Given 0-4 2 cosOsind —sin'@ | fcosdsing — sin’ cos* Ocos* d+cosOsinOcospsing cos’ Ocosdsing + cos OsinO sin? @ “| cosAsin cos? p-+sin® Bcosdsind cosOsinVeossing + sit ¢ [cos Acos B= cos( [eos Bcosp(cosPcos4-+sinAsind) cosOsind(cos0 eos + sinOsing) | (2M sin 0cosd(cosPcash+sinOsind) sinOsing (cosdcos-+sinOsind) costcos¢ cos(-9) cos sing cos(0 9) “| sinO cos cos(O—4) sinOsingrcos(0 -) Page.no.6tSOLUTIONS JRIPE-MATHS-14 (2M) (Mar-09, 2014) 7920, 1f 34 = Sol. Ghenthat (IM) ft eI NowiAs= | 2 12 (iM) 2-2 -1 ere 12 144440 242-4 -244~2] our reli 2 at tio 7 242-4 44144 44242 Consider 4.47 =~ 3[-2 2 -1J3]2 -2 ~24+4-2 -44+24+2 44441 (2M) then verify that (42) = p! [March-2013} +3410 4-048] fis 4] ~9-20 ~2+0-16},. | -28 ~18 Ira (2m) v 43410 1-92.99 7 15 [44048 240-16]. 7(2M) x v zee y z oxty ROR -(R +R) yez x x 0 ay L.HS= ate oy sy ite y (2M) zz oxty fez ray 2M) Iv-2 2x-3 3x-4 | 223. Find the valueofx,it 74 2872 8 16}= 0 (yfge.06, TS-MAR-15) Ix-8 2x-27 3x-64| e-2 2x-3 3x-4 Ee Gumit i AP ae IS-o k-8 2x-27 31-64 RRR, ROKK, x-2 2x-3 3x4] ~12 |=0 -6 -24 60 3 6 |=0 4 10. (2M) 2)[30- 24] - (2x ~3)[10-6] + (3x-4)[4-3] =0 2)6-(2x~3)44(3x-4)120 => Gy-12 804124 34-420 => ve4 x-4=0 (2M)JR-APE-MATHS-1A a lar-2005,1S-M; +**824, Show that | a~b)(b-e)(e~a) (Mar ee are RRR, RRR, hoo a?] fo ab a0? hob 0 b-c bc? (255) st Lis=[ lee O01 ata =(a-b)(b-e))0 1 be lee RORK-R 0 1 a+d| ~b)(b-c)J0 0 c~al be ce 0 1 a+af j ‘a-)(b-c\(e-a)lo 0 | he a @-6)(b-e)(e—a)(1) (2M) | | expand along C, (2-b)(b~c)(o-a) | f212 “25, If A=|101 Find the adjoint and inverse of A, 221 (Mar-05,08) 1g So. 4 o4 24 “200-2)-1(1-2)42(2-9) 7441442120 cderdeg Aisanon singularand 4-1 exists My . fou | Cofactoror 2=(-1)"" Tg 4 ft BI 2=2,— Copeterart (1 [--0-2)=1 rsfE 0} Cofactor of 2 =(—1'] OF oy 2 2} (2-0) Cofactor af |= (=I) Cofterorof (Er gy [2a *, Cofitetor of ee NARAVANApE-MATHS-AA SOLUTIONS soft 2} cofactor of ?=(~!) (0. pre O)=r, Cofactor of 2 ~(2-2)=0 3 wf Cofactor of 1=(-1) bf nat A . 2127 f-231)9 =|3-2-2] =/1-2 0 » Vo-t } [2-2-1 aa 231) [2 14) MN ag Jel Fe det A | ae uM) 2-2-1] [2-2-1 121 26.114 =|3 2 3|thenfind 47 (Mar-12,TS-Mar-17) 112 121 127 + - 4 4=1323) renl4l=B 2 3 Hint: |>* 7 112 114 Ie - 4 =1(4-3)-2(6-3)+1(3-2) =1-6+1= -4#0-. detA#0 rt [2 3} 12/3 3] cote or!=(-1)"f ]=(4-3)=1,cotorar2=(-1)"ff 3}=-(6-3)=-3 Cofactor of != (-1)"" I3. 2| 26 i |=(0-2)=1,cotorar=(-1) 1 zal Cofactor of 2=(—1)"” | sal 2| I 2-151, Cofactor of 3=(-1)""} |=-(1-2)=1 le Cofactor of '=(~1)" (3-3)=0 wat |=(6-2)=4 cotcwrar!=(-1"" all Cofactor of 2=(~1)"” \ 1 (2=6)2—4 1-34 7 1-3 4 Adj(A)=[Cofactor of AJ! =)-31 1 | + Ad(4)=|-3 1 0 aM 4 0-4] ling 1-34 »_Ad(A) 1 310 “ “det / 4) det A Lin] (am YARAVANA, Page.no.65SR-APE-MATHS-1A SOLUTIONS af 30°bE oe 10 oF 274 al = 2 lo | and E kK 4 [thorshow a (at vouy . jbo 7 Sol Given that / elo Hl and (Mar-10,15, J-08,7S-Mur-16) Now attend [! ele 4 [° ic} Ie 2] (2° y i 7 iM) Lo of oal 00; lo a a) blfa 6] fa +0 ab+ab|_[a° 2ab and (al +bEY =(al +6E)(al +08 ra ik ].|2 mo rab | | (1M) Oalloa, [0+0 O40 | [Ow | . 2 ‘a dab] fa 6]_[a'+o abacoia fa 30°] & (al +bE)' =(al +b) (af : | ae as oe [loo orssebene'l| seal? at [ oI oh wt) [° 6-90) 0 oo}"lo @{ lo o lo @ Fromeq()&(2) (al +hE)! =a" +3a°bE 7 -2 2-1 +028. If A= ee] 42 |thenfind AB'and BA’. (Mar-18) 2 53 L-1 0 Ans, 5 and B" =| 3 L-1 2 “W442 2-2 AB’ = =| 28-4 444 "} [-140 10 ca [-12 24 -7] 120 -13} 140] =| 0 0 4 240 | -5+0),, [-13 26 -s | sieg9, 1¢ 7 then show that! — 4° Page.no.66 NARAYANA geno,B 9-640 -949-4 12-1244] B |o-6+0 -6+9-4 8-12+4 | lo-240 043- asi | [9-240 043-1 O-4a1 | 4 a| Al ~~ (IM) | 4] [x 4 47 oj} jo -1 0} 3; | 2 3] | 9-8 124448 12-12 05040 04140 04040 | [61046 8-2-6 -8+0+9] o (IM) Jal-o (IM) 4 = (IM) be +e cra W=(a-b)(b-e)(c-4), bec | cra WW ith i Page.no.67JRUPE-MATHS.1A WRAPEMATISY, ROR-RK, be bee 1 =|ca~be cra-b-e Ie) (IM) labo ath—b-c II be hte I] =\c(a-b) a-b 0 ~~ (IM) Ib(a-c) a-c 0 Joc bee 1 =(enbilemayic 18) espandingatong C, = (IM) Hb -1 0 =(a—b)(e~a)(-+b) =(a~b)(b-c)(e-a) tM) 147 3 4 0 td "31 wal) . ae-[s > 2 ten prose tar (4B) 147) ,[3 4 0 58 4 2-1 F fla7 fae [2 87 ~ Senys la -2 -1)° L637 Al +B" Sol. 22 (A+B) i >() 2) [34] [24 % and A+B" =| i ah “} hs 3 |>(2) i From)&2. (as By = db 4 Bt 3 7 wes -4] 3 [Kind aed, aa! NARAYANA53, if Aand Bare invertible ten show that 44 is also invertible and (4B)! = B'A'(s-03) Aisinvertible mattix 23 4-1 ¢ =) Bisinvertiblemattix y existsand yp. y ‘Ber Now (48)(B'A")= ABB)! anes gy fe &(B'A' AB) = BA) B= BB pipe) (4B)(B'4")=(B")( 4B) (48) isinvertibleand (4B)" = p14" (2m) maw -wN then show that’ 4,4~57=Q. (Mar-16,TS-Mar-17) + (IM) (iM) ~~ (IM) = (1M) Page.no.69JRAPE-MATRSIA SOLUTE, a gu OF SV THI “38. Foray nxn matrix A prave that A can be uniquely expressed 8 em matrix and a skew symmetric matrix. Sal, Let Abe a square matris | Symmetric trix A’ =A Are (i 2 2 [skew symmetric matrix Als -Ap od 11 (1M, : ; f f 5 t f t a-a'y aM >, Cisaskew - symmetric matrix. 4= B+C ; ie A can be expressed as a sum ofa symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix. i UNIQUENESS :- If possible A= P+Q where P is a symmetric and Q isa ' skew - symmetric matrix f Now 4’ =(P+Q)' =P'+0" =P-O “Pl =P&O" i : I : t Now A+ a" =2P =P=—(4+d")=B f } Now d~d" 229 9 0=2(4-A)=C A= PsOupac | | ice canbe uniquely expressed asa sumofa symmetric matrix anda skew = symmetri I skew-symmetric matrix. | *36. Show that the determinant of skew-symmetric matri er3i | 3h] Stonsha rix of order 3 is always zero, | LetAis askew symmetric matrix oforder3 =» i : am f CYA va" = fap sefaca] a> 4] | S || =|Al+af=0 = 2I4 | ‘e The determinant ofa skew - symmetric matrix of order 3 is always ro (2m) } ion B zero, (144) Method-(5): {ets consider a skew-symmetric matrix oforder 3 | 0 seh Aste 0 -a i boa 6 NARAYANASOLUTIONS (QM) unit matrix of order3.(TS-MAR-19) (Ot 1 13 -1 1] Now AP = AA -2 17/1 -2 ‘] 1-0+3 -2-2-1) 14241 4-5 4] Fo-1fO 1-1) =/0+0-3 ote o-t-ife|—3 2. - roids -t | 3-043 -6-1-1 34141} [6 -8 s| =A “5 4)f 1) [4-0+12 -8-5-4 44544] [16 -17 13] 2-210 1 -1]=|-3+0-6 6+2+2 -3-2-2]=|-9 10 ~7 “8 513 -1 14 [6-0415 -12-8-5 6+8+5] [21 -25 19 -3A?-A~31 [lo -17 i] 1 100 =|-9 10 -7]- 1 -1/-3}0 Lo 21-25 19 -1 oor [is -17 13] [12 -15 12] [1 -2 1] [3 0 0 =|-9 1 -7|-|-9 6 -6|-/o 1 -1/-]0 3 0 lr -25 19] [is -24 15] [3 -t 1] [0 0 3 [16 -17 13] [16-17 13 000 -|-0 1 -7|-|-9 10 -7/=|0 0 0 121-25 19] [21 -25 19} [0 0 0 \’~3A?-A-31=0,,, Page.no.71Then show that the adjoint of Ais 3A! find a. OMAR Sel Given A= Cofactor ofA 3-6 -6 Cofaetor ot =| & 3 6 L 6 6 3 adj =[cofictor of A]! 3 6 6 ala | 6 3-6 {6 6 3 3at adjA=3 yr Det A= = -1(1-4) + 2( 2+4)-2(-4-2) = -H-3)+2(6)-2(-6) 3412412 =27 Ata MA Det«then find 4¢ (TS-MAR-20} 920+0 04040 05040 +0 049+0 04040 040 04040 04+0+9V VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS : —VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 12 38 (44=B then find a = id 2N+ A= B tl 40. A iG [yaa V2], [38 Sol. Given that |i 42> [72 2N4A=BS2N=B-A HET EY xX: a ou a ; 1 ana a} ‘ find 38-24. (TS-Mar-t9) (Mar-t2) 321) T1237) fo 6 3 24 6] [7 3B-24=3 ee i io ™ Sol. ( 2) 1 [: yi 1 [; 6 31 [; 4 + [3 X73 2y-8] Ts 2 42. of 2 6 Al g_4| fina x,y (Mar-19) nin yi anda. “| z4+2 X-3 dye Given that . 6 *-3=5; 43, 1 pa] tel a 2 lui 1 i Sol TPAC OF A: If A ig a ge 2? i Principal diagonat 9° hen . su t : A UM of elements in theGiven that A= 2 trace of 4=|-L+tel pefine symmetric matrix and skew-symmetric matrix. (Mar-05,fun-05, May-07) symmetric Matrix: A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if 1. ; skew-Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix A is said to be skew-~ A =-A e123 y Az] 2 5 6| és symmetric matrix, find x. (Mar 08,Mar-16) 3.x 7 -123 |. Given that A=| 2 5 6 30x 7 -1 2 37 f-1 2 2 5 x/=|2 5 BG ae o2t ir 4=|-2 0 2| isa skew-symmetric matrix, find the value of x.(May-11) -l x 0 > A is skew-symmetric => 4’ on A=|-2 Given that (Mar-03,07, May-09){i 0 9) 1 i Sol. Given that 4 \9 3 4 48. Find the inverse ofthe matric 1 1 [-5 - as | -5-(6){-3 | J ifs -4 “TL-3 1 | 49, Define a symmetric matrix. Give one example of order 3 3 Ans, Asquarematris ‘A's said tobe symmetric matrix ify" — jad « Example: 4°) 1 le ¢ e| {vo 32] | 50. Find determinant of |?) 3° 4? | Poge gt) Mario) _ Sol. i | * 3 ° . jten det a = 2? eg ! 4 9 i Boag] f ? 6 =1(225-256)_ 4 19 16 25 = )-4(100 — 51. 1 cot a compten faa’ 49) =9(64 1) lt @ *eal) Cube root o¢ ae nity then show that jor | Mar. “Hl, 074) \ Sol. Consider |® © | | aaind Cope ard ROR VR SOLUTIONS TO HO Ted? 4 2 ty tore f > : 0 0 6 " as ! slo ow o 1 o lo? | 201) 7 2300] WA-| 5 0} and B= me 49 2) ten find 244.47 and 397— 4. (Mar-10) P24 Given that A=| 5 0} and g ' -1 4 . Now 244+B"=|10 0 ~6 12] [-2 1] f-au and 387-A=|9 Of-| 5 O]=|4 0 147 3 4 0 . If d= 258 land B~ 24 then show that (4+#)'=4'+B". (May-09) 4 i 4.0 147] [-3 4 0] f-287 soll 2 "4.2 af [6 37 5.8 [-2' 6] -(44+B) =| 8 3}—(1) L7 7] 1 2] f-3 4] [2 6 ond AB! | 4 § ic -2|=| 8 sba |7 sf fo yi? 7 From (1) &(2) (44 By! = a7 +B"JR-APE-MATHS-[A | cosa sing hat Ad'= d= : cosa -sing cosa sina oA-{ ae > si cosa Sel. Given that a cosa sing = then show 4 54. 4 ~sina | © —sin@ 1 _| cosa sina | | cos@ | now 44°=) cing cosa} Lsina cos —cosa sina +sina cosa sin? @+cos" a cos a tsin’ & sina cosa +cosa sina + Ad'=I, Similarly we can prove that 4'4=/ cosa ~sina 85. Find the adjoint and the inverse of the matrix | i475 cosa lcosr —siner| cosa -sing =cosa+sin?a= 1 Sol. Let af sina cosa cosa sina -sina cosa Add ie | [swe wera lsina cosa Now Adj detA 1|-sina cosa NARAYANASOLUTION Solve the following system of homogeneous equations O,2x+y+32=0 xo y+z=0xt2y~ 1 -i ot Let 4=|! 2 -i 2 1 3 1 -1 1 l4J=f 20-1 2 1 3 =1(6+1) +1(3+2)+1 (1-4) =1(7)+1(5)+1(-3) =745-3 S742 9 ldz0 solution is x= The system has ti fine triangular martrix ‘Wiangutar martix: . Asquime mater: Ais said t be tangutar matrix if*A"s ether upper (or) ower triangle matrix, ar-2016) Asquare matrix A =[@,] is said to be upper triangles. Wa, = Oforall i> ARay.. Boss an 70SR-LPE-MATHS-4A 6. Sol. iv) Ais said to be lower triangularif’a,, = 0 forall i detd=I(0- bet A Rank (4) SOL 3 “5405, Rank (4) <5— ete 0 2 wan i | beasubmatrix ofA 0 ; so 1(8~3)-2(6 +2)+0(948) ean -35-16=-1140., Rank (4) =3 ee Io y ltd] og and te) A peasant 1 0 a ‘l= det B=-1-0=~140 -, Rank (A) en 3 4 2 (iM) (iM) _{ atib ele +b? +c? +d? =! then find the inverse of A atib cid -ctid a-ib ib)~((e rid (84) ee Sa th +c +d? Page.te NARAVANAJRAPE-MATHSAA A‘s 3. Construct a 3x yy ay Sol; Ingenerala 3x2 matr ’ 4. Sol: 68. Sol. Now, 4 = 5) 1 = 4 a= st-@0] t 1 a a, = 2 = 52-1) 2 1 = a, a,,=5B-(Gxn=0 1 osit =sl/2 2 0 3/2 For any square matrix A, show that ,7' is symmetri Aisany square matrices ° -sLaBl! = pt at (ay (aye (-[48] =e" ) ---- (IM) =AdT (aay = aa" = (IM) +. Ad issymmetric, (4B) 302-1] [-3 -1 07 fo 1-1 V=d+B=|2 of} 2 4 3]-la -1 3 eee eee see te see es AB! [2 0 ‘|: ; Now “2 5 eae 0 -2 f-24+04+0 040-2 [ -2 1a140 041-10] [2-9 (ab')! [> 1 9 5. Define rank of a matrix (TS-MAR-20) PO LetAbea non-zero matfix. The rank ofA is defined asthe maximum ofthe orders of the on-singutar square submatrices ofA. ‘The rank ofa null matrix is defined as zero, The Tank of a matrix A is denoted by rank (A), fet 2 | Mylo oer 74 | | 1 0 aesz-bs4 24+] a‘ z=5 A=2 13 | -1 | 70 Find the trace of the matrix F fo Sok: fo io x4}l 23 71. find the rank ofthe matrix Is i 012 ivenmatix4=|1 2 3 : ati Sol: Givenm: 324 0 1 9 \Aj=|L 2 POOH 9}-2(2.6) B24 =048-9 =0 Rank of given matey #3 oy wrt alt 1 [l= g- Vsstag Petcrinan. ot? x9 Submatrix, Rank of given ny inept