‫ﺃﺧﺘﺮﻧﺎ_ﺃﻫﻢ_ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ_ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺑﺎﺗﻬﺎ_ﻓﻲ_ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ _ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫‪ 1-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ slug‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟـ ‪ trip‬؟‬

‫ﺗ ﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻗﺖ ﺍﻟـ‪trip‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟـ ‪string‬ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـ‪rig floor‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ 2-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ؟‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠ ﺪﻳ ﺪ‪new M.WT‬‬

‫× ‪NEW PRESS = old press‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‪old M.wt‬‬

‫‪ 3-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳ ﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳ ﺪ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟـ ‪spm‬؟‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ × ‪ 〖(spm2)〗^2/〖(spm1)〗^2‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ = ‪ press‬ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳ ﺪ‪press‬‬

‫‪ 4-‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺏ ‪ screen mesh‬؟‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻄﻮ ﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺰﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻜ ﺮ)‪(screen‬‬

‫‪ 5-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟـ ‪hopper‬؟‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻨﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟـ ‪jet‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻔﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﻮ ﺍء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺇ ﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻣ ﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺨﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﻫﻮﺍء ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻮ ﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻚ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـ‪mix‬‬

‫‪ 6-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ ‪pump‬ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟـ ‪flow line‬؟‬

‫‪Surface line press loss‬‬

‫‪1 to 3%‬‬

‫‪Drill string internal loss‬‬

‫‪25 to 35 %‬‬
 ‫‪Bit nozzle press loss :-‬‬

‫‪50 to 65%‬‬

‫‪Annular pressure losses :-‬‬

‫‪5 to 10 %‬‬

‫‪ 7-‬ﻭ ﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﻄﻮ ﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ ‪kommy‬؟‬

‫ﻟ ﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇ ﻟﻰ ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﻣ ﻤﻜﻦ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻩ ﺍ ﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﻜﻲ ﺗ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓ ﻲ ﻏ ﻠﻖ ﺍ ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟـ ‪power‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻤﻪ‬

‫‪ 8-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﻮ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻤﺐ ؟‬

‫‪-‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫‪ pre – jop‬ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍ ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻗ ﺒﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺒﺪء ﻟ ﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺨﻄﻮ ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋ ﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

‫‪ lock‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻝ‪pump‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﻰ ﻟﻠـ ‪pump‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺿﻊ ﺍﻝ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻏﻠﻖ ‪ "4‬ﺑﻠ ﻒ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝ ‪ "2‬ﻭﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻝ ‪ suction‬ﺑﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻝ‪pump‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮ ﺩ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝ ‪ pump‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝ‪pump‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﻰ‪:-‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻩ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝ‪pump‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝ ‪ suction‬ﻭﺍﻝ "‪ 4‬ﻭﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻝ" ‪2‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝ ‪ lock‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟـ‪pump‬‬

‫‪ safety‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎء ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟـ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻤﺐ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓﻣﻠﺊ ﺗﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ‪scr unit‬ﻭﺇﺑﻌﺎ ﺩ ﺍﻟﺠ ﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟـ‪pump‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـ ‪pump‬ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫‪ 9-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ(ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟـ )‪ Rotation‬؟‬

Conventional & Top Drive

‫ ؟‬Master Bushing ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟـ‬10-

Split Type

Solid Type

Hinged Type

‫ ؟‬Area ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟـ‬11-

Pressure = force/area

Force = Pressure × Area

P ~~ psi F~~lbs A~~~ sqin

‫ ؟‬Hydrostatic Pressure ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟـ‬12-

HP = Con't × M.wT × TVD

0.052 × MwT × True Vertical Depth

‫ ؟‬Specific Gravity ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟـ‬13-

÷ 8.34‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻮ ﻋﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ = ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫ ؟‬GradientPressure ‫ ﺑ ﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـ‬HP ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟـ‬88-

HP = Gradient Press × TVD

‫ ؟‬Yield Point ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ ﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻟـ‬14-

Viscometer

‫ ؟‬Water losses and filter cake ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟـ‬15-

Filter cake increase with water losses increase

 ‫‪ 16-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ Heavy Weight DP‬؟‬

‫‪ Support weight on Bit‬ﻳ ﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺎﻕ‬

‫‪ Transition zone between DP and Drill collar‬ﻭ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺳﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ Make string under tension with DC‬ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﺸﺪﺩ ﺩﺍﺋﻤًﺎ‬

‫‪ Enable in Directional control‬ﻳ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫‪Prevent deferential stuck‬‬

‫‪ 17-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟـ ‪ Monel‬؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ؟‬

‫‪Non-Magnetic slick D/C‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻮ ﺩ ﺃﻣﻠ ﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬

‫‪Use in survey with tetko bar while Drop it to know the direction of the well‬‬

‫‪ 18-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳ ﺠﺐ ﺃﻻ ﻳ ﺘﺨﻄﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ ‪ Torque‬؟‬

‫‪85 %‬ﻣﻦ ‪ Torque‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬

‫‪ pump‬ﻭ ﺇﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﺍ ﻟﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻋ ﻨﺪ ﺗ ﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟـ‬ ‫‪ 19-‬ﻋﻠﻞ ‪:‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭ ﺍﺟﻊ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﺸﻴﻜﺮ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻋ ﺪﻡ ﺗ ﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟـ‬
‫‪pump‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ؟‬

‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑ ﺴﺒﺐ‪Annular Press Losses "Dynamic" APL‬‬

‫ﺗ ﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟـ ‪ Formation Press‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ـ ‪ HP‬ﻓﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟـﺒﻤﺐ‬
‫‪Flow ₊‬‬

‫‪ (( Apl‬ﺇ ﻟ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﻌﻮ ﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ ﻟـ ‪ HP ₊Apl‬ﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ pump‬ﺗ ﻌﻮ ﺩ ﻫ ﺬﻩ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓ ﻰ ﺣ ﺎ ﻟـﺔ ﺇ ﻋﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺗ ﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟـ‬
‫‪ Formation‬ﻭ ﻳ ﺤﺪﺙ ﺿ ﻐﻂ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺴﻮ ﺍﺋ ﻞ ﻓ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟـ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫‪ 20-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟ ـ ‪ Sweep –Spot‬؟‬

‫‪Sweep ~~ Hi vis pil to circulate the hole clean‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟ ـ ‪ sweep‬ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟ ـ ‪ hole‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟـ‪trip‬‬

‫‪Spot ~~ Hi vis pil to put in on BTM before Trip‬‬

‫ﺗ ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟـ ‪ spot‬ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟـ ‪ trip‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟـ‪Pooh‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ‪"Sweep":-‬‬

‫ﻧ ﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟـ ‪ BBL‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪ Sweep‬ﺇ ﻟﻰ‪STK‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟـ ‪ Annular Vol.‬ﺇ ﻟﻰ‪STK‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮ ﻝ ﺍﻟـ ‪ String Capacity.‬ﺇ ﻟﻰ‪STK‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﺭ ﺑﺘﺼﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ STK‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬

‫ﻧﺄ ﺧﺬ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟـ ‪ STK‬ﺑﺘﺎ ﻉ ﺍﻟ ـ‪sweep‬‬

‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗ ﺼﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﺯ ﺍﺣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟـ ‪ STK‬ﺑﺘﺎﻋﺔ‪String Cap + Ann. Cap‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ" ٍ‪Spot":-‬‬

‫ﻼ‪500 STK‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮ ﻝ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟـ ‪ BBls‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ‪ Spot‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ STK‬ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻣﺜ ً‬

‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺼﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬

‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫‪ String Capacity‬ﻭ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺇ ﻟﻰ ‪500 STK‬‬ ‫‪ 500 STK‬ﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺣ ﺴﺎﺏ ﻟ ـ‬ ‫‪ BBL‬ﺃﻭ ﺍ ﻟ ـ‬ ‫ﻋ ﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧ ﺄﺧﺬ ﺍ ﻟـ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟـ‪pum.‬‬

‫‪ 21-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮ ﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ ؟‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﺎﻳﺖ‪Bentonite‬‬

‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺍ ﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﺎﻳ ﺖ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ ﻟ ﻐﺮﺽ ﺯﻳﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭ ﺟﺔ ﻟ ﻐﺮﺽ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﻪ ﺍ ﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﻟ ﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍ ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻭﺑﻨﺎء ﻛﻌﻜﺔ ﻃﻴﻦ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎ ﺫﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍ ﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﺎﻳ ﺖ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺍ ﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍ ﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻧ ﺴﺒﺔ ﺍ ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍ ﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﺎﻳ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﻟ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺍ ﻻﻃﻴﺎﻥ ﺗ ﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑ ﻴﻦ‬
‫)‪(70-60‬ﻛﻐﻢ \ ﻣﺘﺮ‪3 .‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻳ ﺖ‪Barite‬‬

‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻟ ﻄﻴﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻟ ﻐﺮﺽ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍ ﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛ ﺜﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (4.2gm\cc‬ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻏ ﻴﺮ ﻣ ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧ ﻮ ﺍﺹ ﺍ ﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﻋ ﺪﺍ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺻ ﻠﺒﺔ ﻭ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻛ ﻤﻴﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺒﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻟ ﻐﺮﺽ ﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺍ ﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺗ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﻴﺔ ‪ X=4200(W2-W1) \ (4.2-W2) X :‬ﻛ ﻤﻴﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺒﺮﺍﻳ ﺖ ‪ W1 :‬ﻛ ﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﻭ ﻟﻰ ‪ W2 :‬ﻛ ﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻄﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺿﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻳ ﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﻻﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﺟﺎﻳﺖ) ‪Salt Clay ) Attaplugite‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟ ﺰﻳﺌﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺗ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺰﻳﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﺢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻﻳﺘ ﺄﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟ ﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟ ﺘﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﺺ ﻋﺎﻟ ﻴﺔ ) ‪ (Shear rate‬ﺍﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺗ ﺘﺮﺍﻭ ﺡ ﺑﻴﻦ )‪ (60-20‬ﻛﻐﻢ \ ﻣﺘﺮ‪3‬‬
‫‪(CMC (Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﻋ ﺒﺎﺭ ﺓ ﻋ ﻦ ﺑ ﻮ ﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻳ ﻘﻮﻡ ﺑ ﺘﻘﻠ ﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﺣ ﺘﻰ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺰ ﺍ ﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍ ﻝ )‪ (CMC –HV‬ﺍ ﻱ ﺍ ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠ ﺰﻭ ﺟﺔ ﻟ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻭ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺨﻮ ﺍﺹ ﺍ ﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍ ﻝ )‪ (CMC –LV‬ﺃ ﻱ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠ ﺰﻭ ﺟﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻳ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻻﻃﻴﺎﻥ ﺍ ﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺑ ﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍ ﻝ ‪CMC‬ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺛﻴﺮ ﺍ ﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪(150 C(300 F‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮﻩ ﺑ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﺰﻭ ﺟﺔ ﻳ ﻘﻞ ﺑ ﺰﻳﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺗ ﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﺍ ﻥ ﺍ ﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳ ﺤ ﺘﻱﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎ ﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﺗ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟ ﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣ ﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻟﻮ ﻛ ﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻝ ‪ CMC‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝ‬
‫‪CMC‬ﻳ ﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ‪ Mg+ + & Ca + +‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺗ ﻔﺎ ﻉ ﺍﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋﺪﻳﺔ)‪(PH‬‬

‫*ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍ ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺗ ﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑ ﻴﻦ ) ‪ (0.6 – 14‬ﻛ ﻐﻢ \ ﻣ ﺘﺮ ‪3‬ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻝ ﺍ ﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ )‪ (4-8‬ﻛ ﻐﻢ‬
‫\‬
‫ﻣ ﺘ ﺮ‪3‬‬

‫_)‪(5‬ﺃﻟﻨﺸﺎ‪Starch‬‬

‫ﺑﻮ ﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻳ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻃﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻟﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻮ ﺍﺩ ﻣﺒﻴﺓﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺣ ﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺗ ﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠ ﺘﻔﺴﺦ ﺧ ﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺸﺒﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻮ ﺣﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺎ ﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ )‪(PH 11.5‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺃ ﻟﻨﺸﺄ ﻳ ﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﺍﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ‪ C + +‬ﻋ ﻨﺪ ﺍ ﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻟ ﺬﺍ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﺗ ﺮﺳﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ‪C + +‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺿﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺃﻟﻨﺸﺄ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ )‪ (250F‬ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻟﻨﺸﺄ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ )‪(6-28‬‬
‫ﻛﻐﻢ \ ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬