Water treatment plant

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Types as per
1. Volume
2. Purpose
3. Water type

Stages of the treatment process

 Mechanical processing systems

1- Filtration
2- Separate of oil
3- Homogenization ponds

 Physical therapy systems

1- Sedimentation
2- Flotation

 Chemical treatment systems

1- Oxidation
2- Chlorination

 Biological treatment systems

1- Activated Sludge
2- Secondary Ventilation
A- Sewage treatment stages:
Sewage is generally subject to the following main treatment stages:
1 - The primary treatment stage.
2- The initial treatment stage.
3- Secondary (biological) treatment stage.
4 - Triple treatment stage.
5- Sludge treatment.

Primary treatment stage

 This primary treatment aims to remove large-sized inorganic solids as
well as fibers from sewage to protect mechanical installations and the
various pumps present in the later stages of treatment.
 This stage also aims to homogeneity of this water, especially when the
sewerage network Joint or when pouring into the station from time to
time large quantities of industrial wastewater.

Stage components:
a) Strainers
 Soft or rough and placed at the beginning
of the station to reserve and remove
large-sized solid materials.

b) Shredding devices
 They are used to shred and cut solid materials
(Stones) that have passed through the strainers
and are placed before the pumping stations.

c) Sand deposits
 Their purpose is to remove sand and fine gravel materials that have
passed through the strainers and thus reduce the size of the sediments
in the sedimentation basins
1. Horizontal runoff sand chambers
2. Vortex sand chambers
 d) Modification basins
 Their purpose is to reduce the severity of changes in the amount of
flow or the intensity of the sewage that reaches the treatment plant in
order to obtain a semi-constant flow rate and a semi-constant
concentration of the pollutants in the sewage entering the treatment.

The initial treatment stage

 This treatment aims to reduce the values of pollutants in sewage, in
particular the disposal of all easily deposited solid plankton and thereby
reduce the concentration of suspended solids and organic pollution.

Stage components:
a) Flotation basins
 They are used to remove grease and oils when they are present in a
high percentage in sewage mostly from industrial sources, in order to
avoid impeding treatment and the spread of unpleasant odors.

b) Primary sedimentation basins

 To separate and completely remove the fully settable soft solids, which
constitute a remarkable percentage of which are some inorganic
materials that are a burden on the next biological treatment stage

Secondary (biological) treatment stage

 It is considered the most important stage of treatment that must be
applied to the polluted water in the plant.
 This treatment aims to oxidize the various organic materials in sewage
and convert them into stable compounds mostly of bacteria and some
microorganisms that can be separated from the water and treated
separately and thus obtain water practically free from pollution.
 Secondary treatment is carried out in two main units:
 Ventilation tanks
 Secondary sedimentation tanks.
Biological treatment types:

a) Activated sludge
Includes different types of aeration tanks
a) Conventional
b) Segmented feeding
c) Complete mixing
d) Extended ventilation

b) Fixation pools
c) Ventilated basin.
d) Biological filters.
e) Biological Turntables pool.

Triple treatment stage

Considered as an additional treatment in order to achieve the following:

1. Removing the soft suspended matter in the final treated water.

2. Reducing the concentrations of pathogens such as bacteria and others,
so that any public health harm that can result from them is avoided.
3. Control and remove nutrients (phosphorous - nitrogen) and dissolved
solids.