PUNJAB PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

SUBJECT: ENGLISH ESSAY

PROVINCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE-2022

1. Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.

2. Democracy without justice is tyranny.
3. Inflation
- a result of poor economical policies or a part of
global economic woes.
4. The cost of inaction is greater than the cost of action.
5. Canthe Single National Curriculum pave the way for the desired
ideological integration in Pakistan society?
6. Innovations are never-ending headways.

2021

1. Price hike in Pakistan: The worst of all worries

2. The future of artificial Intelligence.
3. Industrial Reforms: A key to sustainable growth in the
country
4. Freedom of expression - A double-edged sword
5. The impact of Russo-Ukrainian War on world economy
6. Global warming: Causes, Effects and Solutions
 2020

1. Analyze the status of Kashmir in the Backdrop of the abrogation of its special
status by India and options for Pakistan.

2. Our education system is perpetuating socioeconomic inequality in society.

Analyze and give recommendations for improvement.

3. The Recent stand-off between China and US and its impact on Pakistan.

4. Analyze the impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan and recommend steps to

mitigate its effects.

5. Right-Wing Nationalist resurgence in Europe, US and Asia is creating ripples

in the Democratic world. Analyze the Implications for the world at large and
Pakistan In particular.

6. Human Resources Development Is key to the Progress and Prosperity of any

Country. Analyze and recommend measures to Improve Human Resource
Development in Pakistan.

2009

1. Actions speak louder than words

2. Global Economic Crunch and its repercussions.
3. Ecological Equilibrium-Forests influence climate.
4. The position of women in a society is an index of its civilization.
5. Interdependence is a higher value than independence.
6. Patriotism is the last refuge of scoundrel.
7. Given a political environment where religion is increasingly
important, its increasingly important to know something about
religion.
Steps in Writing the Essay
1. Choosing the topic

2 .Brainstorming

3. Doing research

4. Outline

5. Introduction

6. Thesis statement

7. Body

8. Conclusion

9. Editing and proofreading

I would like to share some tips for essay paper. I have passed essay thrice in PMS.

First, extract the keywords from the statement. Make sure to give each part its share in the introduction.
Don't quote definitions or irrelevant facts.

Second, you can shape the body of essay using SWOT technique. It is better to write simple sentences.
Again, stick to keywords. Make sure you have discussed the keywords in each paragraph.

Lastly, draw your outline first. After completing your outline, check the flow of ideas. But, how come you
know that ideas are flowing in coherent manner? Let me give you an example. I wrote essay on "Strategic
location of Pakistan". I used single idea in three different dimensions. So, as my teacher told me to give
different angles of a single idea is coherence, I wrote "Gwadar port" in social,economical and political
perspective. It was my first paragraph of mentioned sectors.

TRY TO WRITE SIMPLE ENGLISH. This paper is of bachelor level. Don't try to impress the examiner. Avoid
"Indianism", as it leads to failure.
 Important / Repeated Essay Topics

DEMOCRACY/ POLITICS
1. Leaders and Followers (1971)
2. The Strategy of Political Warfare (1972)
3. The Role of Democracy in a Developing Country (1979)
4. Is Democracy a Panacea of All Political and Economic Evils? (1985)
5. Party System and Democracy (1988)
6. Is Democracy Out of Date? (1990)
7. Democracy and Mass Illiteracy Do Not Go Together (1993)
8. Discuss the Slogan: Accountability First and Elections Later (1996)
9. The Purification of Politics Is an Iridescent Dream (2000)
10. Devolution of power in Pakistan. (2001)
11. Politics Is Perhaps the Only Profession for Which No Preparation Is Thought Necessary (2002)
12. Personalization of Pakistani Politics (2006)
13. The Future of Democracy in Pakistan. .(2009)
14. The World Politics Stands More Derisive Than It Was Ever Before Due to the Specific Imperialist
Designs (2010)
15. Democracy is a culture rather than a process .(2012)
16. The Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Democracy. (2024)
17. The rise of E-democracy: Harnessing technology for inclusive governance (2024)
18.

ECONOMICS
1. Progressive alleviation of poverty in Pakistan - an overview.(2000)
2. Economic prosperity of a nation is directly proportional to the level of literacy in it. (2001)
3. Higher Economic problems in Pakistan and how to meet them. .(2002)
4. Austerity as a solution of all our economic problems. (2002)
5. Socio-Economic Challenges faced by Pakistan.(2005)
6. Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan. (2005)
7. Strategies for the alleviation of poverty. (2005)
8. Moral depravity is the root cause of poverty. (2008)
9. The Rise of E-commerce: Transforming the Retail Industry and Consumer Behavior.
(2024)
10. Examining the impact of digital currencies on the global financial landscape. (2024)
11.

EDUCATION
1. Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive, easy to govern, but impossible to enslave. (2000)
2. Education ahs for its object the formation of character (2002)
3. Need for serious planning in technical education in Pakistan. (2002)
4. Higher Science Education in the developing countries. (2002)
5. Reforms in Examination systems (2005)
6. The present system of Education must assume some of responsibilities of our failure (2007)
7. Higher Education as an agent of change (2007)
8. Co-education , Merits and Demerits (2009)
9. English as the Medium of Education in Pakistan.(2009)
10. A Critical Analysis of Education Systems in Pakistan (2012)
11. Meaning and purpose of education(2013)
12. There should be colleges and schools just for men/boys and some just for women/girls (2013)
13. Privatizing higher education-generating knowledge or making more money for the opulent. (2014)
14. Education Reform: Rethinking Traditional Teaching Methods for the Digital Age. (2024)
15.

JUSTICE/ACCOUNTABILITY
1. Justice delayed is justice denied.(2001)
2. Without independent truth-finding commission, accountability is unachievable. (2010)
3. In this country reason does not apply to anything. (2011)

MEDIA
1. 1. The Art of Feature Films Made in Pakistan (1971)
2. Our Movies and Our National Character (1977)
3. Mass Media and Opinion Formation (1978)
4. Role of Press in the Third World (1982)
5. Press Freedom and Responsibility (1995)
6. The Press and the Nation Rise and Fall Together (1996)
7. Power of Media in the Modern World (2009)
8. Truth Is a Rare Commodity Despite the Freedom Enjoyed by the Print and Electronic Media (2011)
9. The Emerging Power of Public Opinion (2012)
10. Modern Day Communication Via Social Networks Puts an End of True and Sincere Relationships
(2013)
2. Power of Media in the Modern World.(2009)
3. The Emerging Power of Public Opinion. (2012)
4. Free speech should have limitations. (2013)

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1. 1. Solar Energy (1973)
2. Interplanetary Travel (1973)
3. The Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (1974)
4. The Uses of Computers (1975)
5. The Nuclear Power Programme in Pakistan (1978)
6. Impact of Science on Society (1980)
7. Industrial Development and Environmental Pollution (1983)
8. Past and Future Perspective of the Nuclear Disarmament Talks (1985)
9. Nuclear Contamination - Is the Threat Real or Imaginary? (1986)
10. We have entered the Computer Age. What are the dimensions and prospects of this modern
technology? (1986)
11. Machines and Emotions (1988)
12. Science Without Conscience Is the Ruin of a People (1990)
13. Energy: A Critical Factor in Pakistan's Economic Development (1994)
14. Pakistan's Nuclear Program: Alternative Scenarios (1994)
15. Universe Is the Light of Modern Scientific Discoveries (1995)
16. Expanding Information Technology; A Curse Or Blessing? (1997)
17. Danger of a Nuclear War in the Years to Come (1998)
18. The Role of Science in the Next Century (1998)
19. Is the World Ready for the Gene Age? (1999)
20. Advancement in Science and Technology Is the Gateway to the Economic Prosperity of a Country
 (2000)
21. Global Warming (2006)
22. Nuclear Weapon Are Not Only a Great Peril, But Also a Great Hope (2006)
23. The Future of Mankind in Global Warming Perspective (2007)
24. Global Warming - Fact or Fiction? (2008)
25. The Suffering Soul in the Scientific Age (2012)
2. Advancement in science and technology is the gateway to the economic prosperity of a country.(2000)
3. The Suffering Soul in the Scientific Age (2012)

ISLAM
1. Pluralistic vision of Islam.(2004)
2. Islam versus the West (2005)
3. The image of Islam in the western world and responsibilities of the Muslim Ummah (2007)
4. Peace the essential message of our religion (2008)

WOMEN
1. Persecuted poor woman.(2005)
2. The state of women rights in Pakistan (2007)
3. Status of Women in Islam (2009)
4. Can women be equal to men in Pakistan? (2010)
5. Does Pakistan society regard woman as the angel in the house or source of all evils? (2011)
6. Social and Economic Securities for Women in Islam(2012)
7. Women sportspersons are new ambassadors of the soft image of Pakistan. (2014)

Important quotations for essay

01. Truth is short supply (2006)

02. Only the wisest and stupidest of men never change (2003)
03. Young habits die-hard (2003)
04. We grow too old soon and too late smart (2006)
05. Every art is an imitation of nature (2000)
06. "Brain like heart" go where they are appreciated (2006)
07. Every solution breeds new problem (2006)
08. "of all the needs a book has, the chief need is that it be readable" (2000)
09. Turn not thy check in scorn toward folk nor walk with pertness in the land ( Al-Quran) (2001)
10. Education ahs for its object the formation of character (2000)
11. Justice delayed is justice denied (2001)
12. And who is saved from narrow-mindedness.......such are they who are successful ( Al-Quran )
(1999)
13. Man was born free and every where he is in chains (1996)
14. Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes (2001)
15. None but the brave deserve the fair (1997)
16. Self-conceit may lead to self destruction (2001)
17. Who eats the fruit should atleast plant the seed (2001)
18. The cream rises to the top,so does the scum (1999)
19. Man gets what he strives for ( Al-Quran ) (1996)
20. It is not only fine feather the makes fine birds (2001)
21. For forms, of government , Lets fools contest, whatever is administered best is best (1999)
22. The manner in which it is given is worth more than the gift (1997)
23. I disapprove what u say but i ll defend to death your right to say it (1996)
24. The best plae to find a helping hand is at the end of your arms (2001)
25. How can a man indulge in bribery, and nepotism ,and injustice, and in extortion ,and
indeception ,without batting an eyelid, if he believes in here after (1996)
26. lots of folks confuse bad management with destiny (2006)
27. Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains (1998)
28. There comes a time to put aside principles and do whats right (2006)
29. All life is a game of power,the object of game is simple enough to know that (1998)
 Democracy Without Justice is Tyranny

Democracy, hailed as the epitome of freedom and equality, stands on the

pillars of justice. It is a system where power resides in the hands of the
people, ensuring their rights are protected and their voices heard.
However, when justice is absent, democracy transforms into a tool of
oppression, perpetuating tyranny under the guise of legitimacy. This essay
delves into the intricate relationship between democracy and justice,
unraveling how the absence of the latter breeds tyranny within the former.

Understanding Democracy and Justice

Before dissecting the connection between democracy and justice, it is

crucial to define these terms. Democracy embodies the principles of
popular sovereignty, political equality, and majority rule, allowing citizens
to participate in decision-making processes. Justice, on the other hand,
encompasses fairness, equity, and the protection of individual rights. It
ensures that every member of society receives their due, regardless of their
status or background.

The Interdependence of Democracy and Justice

At its core, democracy is built upon the notion of justice. It thrives on the
idea that every individual possesses inherent rights that must be upheld
and respected by the state. Without justice, the very foundation of
democracy crumbles, leaving citizens vulnerable to exploitation and
discrimination. Conversely, justice relies on democracy to provide the
institutional framework necessary for its enforcement. It is through
democratic mechanisms such as the rule of law, independent judiciary, and
accountable governance that justice finds expression in society.

The Tyranny of Majority

One of the most significant threats to justice in a democracy is the tyranny
of the majority. While democracy upholds the principle of majority rule, it
must also safeguard the rights of minority groups. Without adequate
protections, the majority can impose its will upon dissenting voices,
leading to the marginalization and oppression of minority communities. In
such scenarios, democracy becomes a tool of tyranny, perpetuating
injustice under the guise of popular legitimacy.

Erosion of Civil Liberties

In a democracy without justice, civil liberties are often the first casualty.
When the state prioritizes maintaining power over upholding the rule of
law, individual rights are trampled upon in the name of national security or
public order. Dissent is silenced, freedom of expression is curtailed, and
arbitrary arrests become commonplace. Under these conditions, democracy
morphs into a facade, concealing the authoritarian tendencies of those in
power.

Corruption and Inequality

Another manifestation of tyranny in a democracy devoid of justice is

rampant corruption and inequality. When the rule of law is compromised,
corruption flourishes as public officials abuse their positions for personal
gain. This not only undermines the integrity of democratic institutions but
also exacerbates socioeconomic disparities, further entrenching inequality
within society. The promise of equal opportunity and social mobility
becomes a distant dream for the marginalized and disadvantaged.

The Role of Institutions and Civil Society

In confronting the tyranny of injustice within democracy, the role of

institutions and civil society is paramount. Independent judiciary, free
media, and robust oversight mechanisms serve as bulwarks against abuses
of power and violations of rights. Civil society organizations, including
human rights groups and grassroots movements, play a crucial role in
holding governments accountable and advocating for the rights of the
marginalized. By strengthening these institutions and fostering civic
engagement, democracy can reclaim its promise of justice for all.

Case Studies: Democracy in Crisis

Throughout history, numerous examples illustrate the perilous

consequences of democracy without justice. From the erosion of
democratic norms in established democracies to the outright suppression of
dissent in authoritarian regimes, the absence of justice has sown seeds of
tyranny across the globe. In countries like Venezuela, Turkey, and
Hungary, democratic institutions have been systematically dismantled,
leading to the consolidation of power in the hands of authoritarian leaders.
The rule of law has been subverted, civil liberties curtailed, and political
opponents silenced, all in the name of preserving democracy.

Towards a Just Democracy

Reclaiming democracy from the clutches of tyranny requires a concerted

effort to uphold the principles of justice and equality. It entails fostering
an inclusive political culture that respects the rights and dignity of all
citizens, regardless of their background or beliefs. It requires
strengthening democratic institutions, safeguarding civil liberties, and
promoting transparency and accountability in governance. It demands
active participation and vigilance from civil society to hold those in power
accountable and ensure that justice remains the cornerstone of democracy.

Conclusion

In conclusion, democracy without justice is tyranny in disguise. While

democracy promises freedom and equality, it can easily be subverted into a
tool of oppression when justice is neglected. The erosion of civil liberties,
the tyranny of the majority, and the pervasiveness of corruption are all
symptoms of a democracy in crisis. To safeguard democracy from
descending into tyranny, we must uphold the principles of justice, fairness,
and equality at all costs. Only then can democracy fulfill its promise of a
better future for all.
Title: Man is Born Free, But Everywhere He is in Chains

Outline:

I. Introduction
A. Explanation of the Quote
B. Overview of the Essay

II. Historical Context of the Quote

A. Origin and Authorship
B. Enlightenment Era and Social Contract Theory

III. Analysis of the Quote

A. Meaning of "Born Free"
B. Examination of the "Chains"

IV. Societal Chains

A. Political Oppression
B. Economic Exploitation
C. Social Norms and Expectations

V. Psychological Chains
A. Fear and Conformity
B. Indoctrination and Ideology
C. Mental Health and Well-being

VI. Examples from History and Literature

A. Slavery and Colonialism
B. Totalitarian Regimes
C. Dystopian Literature

VII. Contemporary Relevance

A. Human Rights Violations
B. Socioeconomic Disparities
C. Technological Surveillance

VIII. Breaking the Chains

A. Education and Awareness
B. Grassroots Movements and Activism
C. Individual Empowerment and Agency

IX. Conclusion
A. Restatement of the Quote
B. Call to Action for Liberation and Freedom

Essay:

Introduction:
The quote "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains" encapsulates
the paradox of human existence, highlighting the innate freedom of
individuals contrasted with the societal constraints that bind them. In this
essay, we will explore the historical context, analyze the implications of
the quote, examine the various forms of chains in society, provide
examples from history and literature, discuss contemporary relevance, and
propose strategies for breaking these chains.
Historical Context of the Quote:
The quote originated from Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The Social Contract,"
published in 1762 during the Enlightenment era. Rousseau's work laid the
foundation for modern political philosophy, particularly the concept of the
social contract between citizens and the state. The quote reflects the
Enlightenment ideals of individual liberty, equality, and autonomy, which
were revolutionary concepts in an era dominated by monarchy and
authoritarian rule.

Analysis of the Quote:

Rousseau's assertion that "Man is born free" emphasizes the natural state
of human beings, unencumbered by external constraints. However, the
phrase "but everywhere he is in chains" underscores the pervasive
influence of societal institutions and norms that restrict individual freedom
and autonomy.

Societal Chains:
In contemporary society, individuals face various forms of societal chains
that limit their freedom and agency. Political oppression, economic
exploitation, and social expectations impose constraints on individuals,
restricting their ability to live according to their own values and
aspirations.

Psychological Chains:
Beyond external constraints, individuals also experience psychological
chains that inhibit their autonomy and self-expression. Fear, conformity,
and indoctrination perpetuate a culture of compliance, stifling dissent and
innovation. Moreover, mental health issues arising from societal pressures
further contribute to the sense of confinement and alienation.

Examples from History and Literature:

Throughout history and literature, examples abound of individuals and
societies grappling with chains of oppression and injustice. From the
horrors of slavery and colonialism to the tyranny of totalitarian regimes
depicted in dystopian literature, human history is replete with instances of
bondage and resistance.

Contemporary Relevance:
In the contemporary world, the quote remains as relevant as ever, as
individuals continue to confront systemic inequalities and human rights
violations. Socioeconomic disparities, technological surveillance, and
political authoritarianism pose significant threats to individual freedom
and dignity, underscoring the enduring relevance of Rousseau's words.

Breaking the Chains:

Despite the pervasive nature of societal constraints, there are avenues for
breaking free from these chains. Education and awareness-building
initiatives empower individuals to question existing power structures and
advocate for social change. Grassroots movements and activism serve as
catalysts for collective action, challenging oppressive systems and
demanding justice. Moreover, fostering individual empowerment and
agency is essential for cultivating a culture of liberation and self-
determination.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the quote "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains"
encapsulates the perennial struggle for freedom and autonomy in the face
of societal constraints. By understanding the historical context, analyzing
the implications, and examining contemporary manifestations of
oppression, we can work towards breaking the chains that bind us and
creating a world where every individual can truly be free.