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A 10 mm magnetic stir bar was added to the vial after sonication, and the vial was fitted with a
rubber septum. All reagents were used as supplied, without additional purification. This article is an
open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license ( ). High resolution TEM (HRTEM) and high-angle annular dark field scanning
transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images were acquired using a CM200FEG
(Philips) microscope with a field emission gun operated at 200 kV or a Cs corrected FEI Titan
operated at 300 kV. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide
customized ads. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA). The excitation
wavelength of the instrument was adjusted at 405 nm at the time of measuring the
photoluminescence (PL). The images of QDs in cell media were also recorded and described in
Supplementary Materials Data S8, indicating that QDs are stable in cell media. Clearly, the shell
inhibits release of free cadmium ions, limiting cell death. Even after longer reaction times for Pt-
activation (5 min), metallic platinum was still not detected in this sample by low resolution TEM or
by XRD as a nanocrystal phase ( Fig. 4 ). The patterns of both samples (activated for 30 s and 5 min)
only showed the reflections of the wurtzite CdS nanorods with more intense and sharper 002
reflections due to the preferential growth along this crystallographic direction. Mirnajafizadeh, F.;
Ramsey, D.; McAlpine, S.; Wang, F.; Stride, J.A. These cookies help provide information on metrics
the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. All chemicals were commercially available
and used as received, unless otherwise noted. Mirnajafizadeh F, Ramsey D, McAlpine S, Wang F,
Stride JA. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Repeated
magnetic collection steps resulted in samples highly enriched in dipolar CoNP-tipped nanorods, with
minimal free nanorods ( Fig. 3a ). Approximately 88% of the dipolar CoNPs imaged in these samples
carried a nanorod side chain. The reason can be attributed to defect states that energetically lie within
the band gap. Human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and human skin fibroblast cells (WS1)
were obtained from ATCC Inc. (Manassas, VA, USA). The vial was sealed with a screw top cap and
left to stand under ambient conditions (20 min) before vigorous vortex agitation (no sonication) for
several min to promote complete dissolution of all solids. This report focuses on the synthetic
methods required to obtain dipolar matchstick CoNP-tipped nanorods capable of linear assembly,
while investigation of the self-assembly of these dipolar matchstick structures is reported elsewhere.
50. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). A common feature
in all reports of cadmium-based QDs, including CdTe, CdSe, and CdS, is that Cd is a primary source
of toxicity. Mirnajafizadeh, F.; Ramsey, D.; McAlpine, S.; Wang, F.; Stride, J.A. The excitation
wavelength of the instrument was adjusted at 405 nm at the time of measuring the
photoluminescence (PL). For more information on the journal statistics, click here. X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using an Escalab 250Xi spectrometer (Azo
Materials Analysis Inc., Madison, WI, USA) using a mono-chromated Al K. Editors select a small
number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly. Journal of
Electroanalytical Chemistry, 615 (2008) 175-179. The sample was dried strictly for yield
determination to yield a black powder (43 mg, 66.6 weight-% organic content from TGA).
Mirnajafizadeh, Fatemeh, Deborah Ramsey, Shelli McAlpine, Fan Wang, and John Arron Stride.
Funding This research received no external funding. However, concurrent chemical etching of the
opposing nanorod terminus and lateral facets resulted in an increased tendency towards cobalt
deposition to form “dumbbell” CoNP-tipped nanorods. 25. Suspensions of different size quantum
dots in an organic solvent (chloroform was used here.). The thickness of the shell was estimated by
considering that the total volumes of the CdSe and ZnO components are equal, based upon the fact
that the XPS data highlights similar elemental compositions, then from the core particle size of 3.0
nm estimated the shell thickness is simply. The synthesis yielded an orange powder (32 mg, 20.6 wt-
% organic content from TGA). A common feature in all reports of cadmium-based QDs, including
CdTe, CdSe, and CdS, is that Cd is a primary source of toxicity. The cytotoxicity of as-synthesized
QDs was determined towards both HCT-116 and WS1 cell lines at different concentrations.
Emission spectra indicated that CdSe(S) QDs have a maximum emission at 548 nm in the cell media,
with no significant change or shift in photoluminescence relative to that in water. Out of these, the
cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the
working of basic functionalities of the website. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
(TropicalMed). Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK). The crystallite size from
the powder was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation and was found between 3.3 nm and
5.6 nm, the variation in size depends on the molar concentration of cadmium and selenium. The vial
was sealed with a screw top cap and left to stand under ambient conditions (20 min) before vigorous
vortex agitation (no sonication) for several min to promote complete dissolution of all solids.
Acknowledgments We would like to thank School of Chemistry and the Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre of University of New South Wales for facilities, and Katerina Bendova and Renee
Wan for their assistance with confocal images. The thickness was used to know the energy band gap
by using Tauc plot. Shake to mix and immediately repeat the centrifuge step. The ability to modify
the surface of nanoparticle is significant to successful use in various applications. We also use third-
party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using an Escalab 250Xi spectrometer (Azo Materials Analysis
Inc., Madison, WI, USA) using a mono-chromated Al K. We use cookies on our website to ensure
you get the best experience. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean and cell media without
treatment with QDs was used as a control. Each sample was measured twice with an acquisition time
of 150 s. The vial was then subjected to vortex agitation for an additional 2 min. European Journal of
Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). Therefore the total atomic % of core is
29.7%, whilst total atomic % of Zn and O in the ZnO shell is 25.7%. Therefore, the ratio of core to
shell is around 1:1. 3.2. Cytotoxicity Assays The responses of HCT-116 and WS1 cell lines upon
exposure to the QDs were studied in order to investigate toxicity. Complex heterostructured
nanocomposites were thus synthesized using nanocrystal reagents as precursors with precise spatial
control over heterostructure morphology. For more information on the journal statistics, click here.
Luminescence samples of quantum dots resuspended in hexane prepared by Jenny Gilbertson and
Tommy Davis.
The uptake mechanism is unknown, but as shown in the confocal images ( Figure 9 ), QDs tended to
adhere to the nuclei rather than entering within the cell nucleus, presumably due to inadequate
interactions between the QDs and cell nuclei, thereby prohibiting uptake. Mirnajafizadeh, F.;
Ramsey, D.; McAlpine, S.; Wang, F.; Stride, J.A. Each sample was measured twice with an
acquisition time of 150 s. In addition, the emission profiles of QDs in both cell media and aqueous
solution were recorded using a Zeiss LSM 780 confocal microscope. The atomic percentages of as-
prepared QDs have been summarized in Table 1. However, concerns over the aqueous dispersivity,
toxicity to cells, and stability in biological environments may limit the use of QDs in such
applications. These CoNP-tipped matchsticks were sensitive to sonication which resulted in an
increased number of shorter “broken” free nanorods being observed in sonicated samples. The major
challenge in the deposition of a single, dipolar, CoNP-tip per nanorod was then in finding conditions
which selectively activated a single nanorod terminus with minimal activation of the opposing
terminus, or lateral facets. 25. Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum
(FBS), penicillin, streptomycin, L-glutamine, and nonessential amino acids were received from
Invitrogen Inc., (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The stability of the QD cores in the cell media was found to
be related to the overall toxicity of QDs, which is largely governed by the free-ion concentrations.
Please let us know what you think of our products and services. This report focuses on the synthetic
methods required to obtain dipolar matchstick CoNP-tipped nanorods capable of linear assembly,
while investigation of the self-assembly of these dipolar matchstick structures is reported elsewhere.
50. Human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and human skin fibroblast cells (WS1) were
obtained from ATCC Inc. (Manassas, VA, USA). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean and
cell media without treatment with QDs was used as a control. The by-products from the reaction
were eliminated through a cleaning process with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The atomic % of S was
found to be 12.3%, and so MPA accounts for 24.6% of the O contribution, leaving 13.1%, which
closely matches the 12.0% contribution of Zn. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean and cell
media without treatment with QDs was used as a control. The crystallite size from the powder was
calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation and was found between 3.3 nm and 5.6 nm, the
variation in size depends on the molar concentration of cadmium and selenium. This variation in
nanorod reactivity was achieved by leveraging the key Pt-activation step to activate nanorod termini
toward the deposition of CoNPs to enable synthesis of the targeted nanomaterial. Colloids and
Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 316 (2006) 10-15. Mirnajafizadeh, F.;
Ramsey, D.; McAlpine, S.; Wang, F.; Stride, J.A. Even after longer reaction times for Pt-activation
(5 min), metallic platinum was still not detected in this sample by low resolution TEM or by XRD as
a nanocrystal phase ( Fig. 4 ). The patterns of both samples (activated for 30 s and 5 min) only
showed the reflections of the wurtzite CdS nanorods with more intense and sharper 002 reflections
due to the preferential growth along this crystallographic direction. Journal of Pharmaceutical and
BioTech Industry (JPBI). Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.
XPS analysis was also used as a quantitative method to determine the elemental compositions of
samples. Mirnajafizadeh F, Ramsey D, McAlpine S, Wang F, Stride JA. All reagents were used as
supplied, without additional purification. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with
your consent. The flask was fitted with rubber septa and a temperature probe was passed through a
septum until it came into direct contact with the solution. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-
Information (IJGI).
The major challenge in the deposition of a single, dipolar, CoNP-tip per nanorod was then in finding
conditions which selectively activated a single nanorod terminus with minimal activation of the
opposing terminus, or lateral facets. 25. Cancer cells, such as HCT-116 cells, have an irregular DNA
pattern, making them more sensitive than healthy cells to free heavy metals, including cadmium. To
protect the area detector (MAR-CCD) the primary beam was blocked by a 3.5 mm beam stop made
of lead. As the MPA formula is C 3 H 6 O 2 S, the ratio of carbon to oxygen is 3 to 2, and so the
atomic % of O in the CdSe(S) core and ZnO shell are 13.7% and 24%, respectively. Feature papers
represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A
Feature. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate,
traffic source, etc. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your
browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. ISPRS
International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI). Samples were filled into the holes and covered
with Scotch tape. High resolution transmission electron micrographs (HRTEM) were obtained using
a Philips CM200 instrument (Philips FEI Inc., Hillsboro, OR, USA). The excitation wavelength of
the instrument was adjusted at 405 nm at the time of measuring the photoluminescence (PL).
Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. To further prove this
assignment, Fourier analysis was carried out by selecting the reflections close to the green and red
ring ( Fig. 2c and d, respectively). This report focuses on the synthetic methods required to obtain
dipolar matchstick CoNP-tipped nanorods capable of linear assembly, while investigation of the self-
assembly of these dipolar matchstick structures is reported elsewhere. 50. This article is an open
access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC
BY) license ( ). Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Collection of the
magnetic material from a good solvent was desirable to prevent aggregation of CoNP-tipped
nanorods, since these dipolar heterostructures could not be redispersed by sonication without
resulting in mechanical fracture of nanorod side chains. MUA capped CdSe shows better cell
efficiency compared to TOPO capped CdSe which is 0.1735 %. Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing (JMMP). The optical properties was measured by using Photoluminescence
(PL) at room temperature. The reflections corresponding to Co-phase arose only from the NP
backbone ( Fig. 2c ), which were constituted by ca. 20 nm Co particles made of smaller crystallites as
clearly visible from the phase contrast image. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion
and Power (IJTPP). The dispersed particle size distribution was determined using DLS and the
obtained size distribution histograms showed that the QDs are well dispersed in water (
Supplementary Materials Data S5 ). The cytotoxicity of as-synthesized QDs was determined towards
both HCT-116 and WS1 cell lines at different concentrations. Journal of Functional Morphology and
Kinesiology (JFMK). For optimized Pt-activated nanorods (30 s nanorod activation), the deposition
of metallic PtNP-tips could not be imaged using HRTEM. All authors have contributed to the final
manuscript. All chemicals were commercially available and used as received, unless otherwise noted.
Emission spectra indicated that CdSe(S) QDs have a maximum emission at 548 nm in the cell media,
with no significant change or shift in photoluminescence relative to that in water. Suspensions of
different size quantum dots in an organic solvent (chloroform was used here.).