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LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAMS: ASD Design

Example: Select the lightest W or M section to carry a uniformly
distributed dead load of 0.2 kip/ft superimposed (i.e., in addition to the
beam weight) and 0.8 kip/ft live load. The simply supported span is 20
ft. The compression flange of the beam is fully supported against lateral
movement. Use ASD, and select for the following steels: ,A36; A992; and
A572 Grade 65

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LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAMS: ASD Design

From AISC manual select the lightest W section having Zx η 27.8 in3.
Try W12x22, Zx = 29.3 in3.

Capacity of W12x22, Mn = FyZx = 36î29.3=1054.8 kip-in = 87.9 kip-ft

Allowable capacity Mn/Ω = 87.9/1.67=52.63 kip-ft.

Udl including self-weight = 0.2+0.8 + 0.022 = 1.022 kip/ft

Design moment , Ma = wl2/8= 1.022î202/8 = 51.1 kip-ft < Mn/Ω OK
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LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING: OVERVIEW

Rational Analogy To Pure Columns

The rectangular flange as a column would ordinarily buckle in its weak

direction, by bending about an axis such as 1-1 of Fig.b, but the web provides
continuous support to prevent such buckling. At higher compressive loads
the rectangular flange will tend to buckle by bending about axis 2-2 of Fig.b.
It is this sudden buckling of the flange about its strong axis in a lateral
direction that is commonly referred to as lateral buckling.
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LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING: OVERVIEW

Lateral Support

Rarely does a beam exist with its compression flange entirely free of all
restraint. There are two categories of lateral support that are definite
and adequate; these are:
1. Continuous lateral support by embedment of the compression flange
in a concrete floor slab (Fig. a and b).

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LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING: OVERVIEW

Lateral Support
2. Lateral support at intervals (Fig. c through g) provided by cross
beams, cross frames, ties, or struts, framing in laterally, where the
lateral system is itself adequately stiff and braced.
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ELASTIC LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING

Lateral-torsional buckling strength Mcr of an I-shaped beam under the
action of constant (uniform) moment acting in the plane of the web.

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ELASTIC LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING

Lateral-torsional buckling strength Mcr of an I-shaped beam under the
action of constant (uniform) moment acting in the plane of the web.
To adjust for moment gradient, the eq. may be multiplied by a factor
Cb. Thus, the critical moment Mcr for lateral torsional buckling is,

and the elastic lateral torsional buckling stress Fcr, can be expressed as

Here, L = Lb = Unbraced length. Sx = Section modulus about strong axis.

Iy = Moment of inertia about y-axis, G = Shear modulus
J = Torsional constant,
Cw = If h2/2 = warping torsional constant
If = moment of inertia of one flange about y-axis,
h = centre to centre distance between flanges.
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LATERAL BRACING REQUIREMENT

Unbraced length Lp to achieve just Mp : Inelastic LTB of compact
sections (Case-2)

Unbraced length Lr to achieve Mr = 0.7Fy Sx : LTB of compact sections (Case-3).

Approximately

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LATERAL BRACING REQUIREMENT

For beams with Lb between Lp and Lr : Inelastic LTB
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LATERAL BRACING REQUIREMENT

For beams with Lb greater than Lr : Elastic LTB

When un-supported length is more than Lr, elastic lateral torsional buckling
occurs.

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Flexural Design Considerations

Lateral Torsional Buckling Criterion

Compact
Sections
only

Compact or non-
compact Sections Compact , non-compact or slender
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LTB: EFFECT OF NON-UNIFORM MOMENT ALONG BEAM LENGTH

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For beams with Lb between Lp and Lr

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Determination of Cb

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