Final exam 212 - The essay part

Solution

June 19, 2022

Question 16 (L.O.1.1, L.O.1.2, L.O.1.3, L.O.2.1, L.O.2.3) A nutritionist randomly divided 15 bicyclists into three groups
of ve each. Members of the rst group were given vitamin supplements to take with each of their meals over the
next 3 weeks. The second group was instructed to eat a particular type of high-ber whole-grain cereal for the next
3 weeks. Members of the third group were instructed to eat as they normally do. After the 3-week period elapsed,
the nutritionist had each bicyclist ride 6 miles. The following times were recorded:
Group Time (minutes)
Vitamin 19.1 21.5 19.5 18.1 20.1
Fiber cereal 13.2 13.9 15.4 14.9 14.6
Control group 30.7 29.7 28.9 29.9 28.6
Suppose that the given data veries the ANOVA assumptions. Use the 5 percent level of signicance, answer for
the follwing questions.
(a) Are these data consistent with the hypothesis that neither the vitamin nor the ber cereal aects the speed of
a bicyclist?
(b) Find a 95% condence interval on the dierence in the mean times between bicyclists of vitamin group and
Fiber cereal group.
(c) Interpret the results of the multiple comparison test using the Fisher's LSD method.

Solution
(a) (1 point)

ˆ State the hypothesis

H0 : τ1 = τ2 = τ3 = 0: Neither the vitamin nor the ber cereal aects the speed of a bicyclist
H1 : ∃i ∈ 1, 3 such that τi 6= 0: The vitamin or the ber cereal aects the speed of a bicyclist.
Group Time (minutes) Sum Average
Vitamin 19.1 21.5 19.5 18.1 20.1 98.3 19.66
Fiber cereal 13.2 13.9 15.4 14.9 14.6 72 14.4
Control group 30.7 29.7 28.9 29.9 28.6 147.8 29.56
318.1 21.20667
Sum of squares: 2
P
ij yij = 7350.47
ˆ Find the sums:

SST = 604.6293
SSB = 592.5053
SSE = SST − SSE = 12.124

ˆ Find the mean of squares:

SSB
M SB = = 296.2527
k−1
SSE
M SE = = 1.010333
k(n − 1)

ˆ Find the test statistic:

M SB
f= = 293.22278
M SE

1
 ˆ Find the rejection region:
RR = (3.89, +∞)
Conclusion: f ∈ RR so H0 is rejected. It means The vitamin or the ber cereal aects the speed of a
bicyclist.
(b) (0.5 points)
k(n−1)
ˆ tα/2 = 2.179
r
k(n−1) 2M SE
LSD = tα/2 = 1.385223
n
ˆ Find the LSD:
ˆ The condent:
µ1 − µ2 ∈ [3.874777, 6.645223]
(c) (0.5 points)
ˆ Find the dierences of means:

|y1 − y2 | = 5.26 > LSD

|y1 − y3 | = 9.9 > LSD
|y2 − y3 | = 15.16 > LSD

ˆ All groups have signicantly dierent means.

Question 17 The following data relate the trac density, described in the number of automobiles per mile, to the
average speed of trac on a moderately large city thoroughfare. The data were collected at the same location at
10 dierent times within a span of 3 months.
Density (X ) 69 56 62 119 84 74 73 90 38 22
Speed (Y ) 25.4 32.5 28.6 11.3 21.3 22.1 22.3 18.5 37.2 44.6
Suppose that the data verify the assumptions of simple linear regression model with the response variable Y and
the independent variable X .
(a) Find the tted linear regression line.
(b) Find the coecient of determination and interpret this value.
(c) Find a 95% condence interval for the slope of regression line.

Solution
ˆ (0.5 points)
Find the sums

X X
xi = 687, yi = 263.8
X X
xi yi = 15802.8, x2i = 53791
X
yi2 = 7801.7

Find the sums of squares:

Sxx = 6594.1
Sxy = 842.656
Syy = −2320.26

(a) (0.5 points)

Find the coecient of determination
rxy = −0.9843142, R2 = rxy
2
= 0.9688744

About 97% variation of y can be explained by x.

2
(b) (0.5 points)
Find the regression coecients
βˆ1 = −0.3518691
βˆ0 = 50.55341

The tted regression line:

ŷ = 50.55341 − 0.3518691x
(c) (0.5 points)
Find
σ̂ 2 = 3.278527
Find
tn−2
α/2 = 2.306

Conclusion: 95%KTC for β1 is: [−0.4032878, −0.3004504].