TRANSPORT ACROSS THE

CELL MEMBRANE

Dr. HIRA MOIN

MBBS, FCPS, CHPE, PhD Scholar
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR – PHYSIOLOGY
(NSHS)
Cell or Plasma membrane is;

“SELECTIVELY
PERMEABLE”
 TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE IS
DEPENDENT UPON FOLLOWING FACTORS…

CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS
GRADIENT
OF SUBSTANCE OF MEMBRANE
COMPOSITION OF ECF AND ICF –
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
STRUCTURE OF CELL MEMBRANE
 TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
PASSIVE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT
 DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Kinetic movement of
molecules/ions via
interstices or channels

FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Kinetic movement of
molecules via interaction
with carrier protein
SIMPLE DIFFUSION VIA PROTEINS AND LIPIDS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHANNELS
REGULATION OF CHANNELS

UN-GATED/ LEAKY CHANNELS

REGULATION OF CHANNELS
VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS
REGULATION OF CHANNELS
VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS
 REGULATION OF CHANNELS
LIGAND GATED AND MECHANICALLY GATED CHANNELS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
CONCEPT OF Vmax
FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFUSION
ACROSS MEMBRANE
 OSMOSIS, OSMOLARITY, OSMOLALITY

OSMOSIS OSMOLARITY OSMOLALITY

• Osmosis is the • Osmolarity is a • Osmolality is a

passive movement of measure of the measure of the
solvent molecules, concentration of solute concentration of solute
usually water, across a particles per liter of particles per kilogram
selectively permeable solution (osmol/L). of solvent (osmol/kg).
membrane from an • It takes into account • It considers the
area of lower solute the total number of number of solute
concentration to an solute particles, particles relative to the
area of higher solute including ions and mass of the solvent.
concentration. molecules, regardless • More accurate.
of their size or mass
• More practical.
OSMOTIC AND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
TRANSPORT ACROSS THE
CELL MEMBRANE - 2

Dr. HIRA MOIN

MBBS, FCPS, CHPE, PhD Scholar
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR – PHYSIOLOGY
(NSHS)
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
“Movement of substances against their concentration or electrical gradient”.
Carrier Proteins are required for active transport to occur that utilizes energy.

Primary active
Symport/ Co
transport
Active Transport Secondary active
Antiport/
Counter
transport
Tertiary active
 PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• Energy is liberated directly by
breakdown of ATP.
• Na- K ATPase pump.
• Can work in reverse direction.
• Maintain volume of cell.
• Electro-genic pump
 PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Calcium pump in mitochondrial or Intercalated cells in collecting tubules of Kidney

sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
 SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Transport across membrane CO-TRANSPORT
in which a transporter
protein couples the
movement of an ion down
its electrochemical
gradient to the uphill
movement of another
molecule or ion against a
concentration or
electrochemical gradient.
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
COUNTER TRANSPORT
TERTIARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
 VESICULAR TRANSPORT

• For the particles that are too big for channels and
carriers proteins.
• Particles are transferred between the ICF and the ECF
by being wrapped in a membrane-enclosed vesicle -
VESICULAR TRANSPORT.
• Requires energy expenditure (Active transport).
• Mainly of two types;
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
ENDOCYTOSIS - PINOCYTOSIS
ENDOCYTOSIS – RECEPTOR MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSIS
ENDOCYTOSIS - PHAGOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
THE END…!!!