12 1. procrastinate /pra 0 ‘kraes.tuneit/ /prow-/ verb [1] to keep deiaying something that must be done, often because it unpleasant or boring I know I've got to deal with the Problem at some point - I'm just procrastinating. procrastinator @ person who procrastinates 2. calendar /‘keel.in.da r / /-da/ noun {C} 3 printed.table showing all the days, weeks and months of the year 3. convenient /kan'vi:.ni.ant/ adjective 1. suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty Our local shop has very convenient opening hours. 2. near or easy to get to or use Our new flat is very convenient for (= near to) the kids' school, 4. motivate /‘mau.trveit/ /'mou.tr-/ verb to make someone want to do something well Teaching és all about motivating people to learn, self-motivated motivated by yourself 5. organized , UK usuatiy organised /'>:.g a n.and/ /'s'r-/ adjective arranged according to a particular system The letters had been placed in organized piles, one for each letter of the olphabet, 6. put sth off phrasal verb to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a fater time or date The meeting has been put off for a week. 7. self-motivated ‘motivate /'mou.ti.vert/ /'mou.tr-/ verb 1. [Toften passive ] to cause someone to behave in a particular way He is genuinely motivated by a desire to help people. 2. [T] to make someone want to do something well Teaching is all about motivating people to learn. motivated /'mav.ti.ver.tid/ /‘moo.ti.ver.tid/ adjective @ raciolly-motivated murder Our staff are hard-working and highly motivated (= enthusiastic) . &. asap, ASAP /e1.es.er'pii/ ABBREVIATION FOR as Soon as possible Please reply asop. 9. this is last minute Compited by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali 2) (a912 this is the final moment 10. life-saver /‘laif,serva r / /-va/ noun [C] AustRatian lifeguard @ person on a beach or at a swimming pool whose jab is to make certain that the swimmers are safe and save them if they are in danger 11. no sweat insorwaL If you saythat something is no sweat, you mean that it will not be difficult or cause problems “Can you fix my car for me?" "No sweat!" 12. Lowe you {one) INFORMAL said to thank someone for helping you and as a way of saying that you will do something for them in the future Thanks for the help, Bill - lowe you one. 13. You've got a lot on your plate There is a lot of food on your plate. 14.1 wont keep you any longer I wont make you busy 15. causative /‘ka29.t1v/ /'ka:.20.t1v/ adjective FORMAL acting as the cause of something Smoking is a causative factor in the development of several serious diseases, including lung cancer. 16. give sb a ride i give sb a free journey in your car 17. keep your /an eye on sth/sb to watch or look after something or someone Will you keep your eye on my suitcase while ! go to get the tickets? 18. fill in phrasal verb to do someone else's work for them because they cannot or will not do it themselves Volunteers would fill in for teachers in the event of a strike. 19. pick sb/sth up 1. to lift someone or something using your hands J went to pick up the phone/receiver, but it had stopped ringing. 2. to collect, ar to go and get, someone or something When you're in town could you pick up the books | ordered? 20. Do me/us a favour! InroaMaAL + something you say in answer to a stupid and impossible suggestion "Why don''t you tell the police what happened?" "Oh, do me a favour!” 21, acceptance /ak'sep.tant s/noun[U] = 2 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali Ae12 1. general agreement that something is satisfactory or right, or that someone should be included in a group The idea rapidly gained acceptance (= became approved of) in political circles. 2. the act of agreeing to an offer, plan or invitation Her acceptance of the award was very controversial. 22. dry‘ clean verb (T] to clean clothes with chemicals, not water This dress has to be dry cleaned. 23. frame /freim/ verb EXPRESS to express something choosing your words carefully The interview would have been more productive if the questions had been framed more precisely. 24. deliver /di'hv.a r / /-a/ verb TAKE to take goods, letters, parcels, etc. to people's houses or places of work The shop is delivering our new bed on Thursday. 25. lengthen /'len k .Ban/ verb (1orT] 1. to make something longer, or to become longer 1' have to lengthen this skirt. 2. If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years. | 26. shorten /'Jo:.t 2 n/ /'fo:r-/ verb [1orT | to become shorter or to make something shorter I've asked him to shorten my grey trousers. 27. way too short : Very very short 28. evaluate /1'veel,ju.eit/ verb (T] ° to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of something It’s impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed. 29, custom-made / kas.tom'meid/ adjective If an article of clothing is custom-made, itis specially made for a particular buyer custom-made shoes 30. workmanship /‘wa:k.man Jip/ /‘ws:k-/ noun [U] the skill with which something was made or done The workmanship which went into some of these pieces of furniture was truly remarkable. 31. reliable /n'lara.bl/ adjective Something or sameone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave weil in the way you efpect 3 | Gideon is very reliable - if he says he'll do something, he'll doi 2 | 32. reasonable /'ri:.z 2 n.a.bl/ adjective = | 3 3. Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali 2 - {a]12 1. based on or using good judgment and therefore fair and practical Jf you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand - he's a reasonable man. 2. acceptable We had a reasonable journey. 3. not too expensive Tomatoes are very reasonable at this time of year. 33, ready-made / red.i'meid/ adjective bought ef found in a finished form and available ‘to use immediately a ready-made frozen meal 34, garment /'ga:.mant/ /‘ga:r-/ noun [C] ronmaL a piece of clothing 35. tailor-made /,tei.la'meid/ /-l-/ adjective specially made for a particular purpose @ tailor-made course 36. establish /\'staeb.IN/ verb 1. to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time These methods of working were established in the last century, 2. to cause to be accepted in or familiar with a place, position, etc He's established himself as a dependabie source of information, 37. rivat /'rauv a noun [C] 2 person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20 marks. 38. fabric /"faeb.nk/ noun CLOTH (a type off cloth or woven material cotton fabrics 39. linen /‘lin.in/ noun (U) 1. strong cloth that is woven from the fibres of the flax plant alinen jacket 2. sheets, tablecioths , etc. which are made fram linen or a similar material bed linen 40. cashmere /'keef.mia r/ /-mir/,/"-/ noun (U) very soft, expensive woo! material that is made from the hair of goats from Kashmir 1. deposit /di'poz.tt/ /-'pa:.2it/ noun LAYER 2 sum of money which you pay as the first part of the total payment for something The shop assistant says if | leave £10 as a deposit, they'll keep the dress for me. 42. up front tt you give someone an amount of money up front, you pay them before they do something for you~ He wants all the money up front or he won't do the job. a 4 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali — =12 43. establishment /r'staeb i. mant/ noun the process of starting or creating something, for example an organization Since its establishment two years ago, the advice centre has seen over 500 people a week. 44, arcade /o:'keid/ /a:r-/ noun[C] : 3 covered area or passage in which there are shops, or a covered passage joined to a building on one side and with columns and arches along the other side @ shopping arcade 45. complex /'kom.pleks/ /‘ka:m-/ noun [ C] a large building with various connected rooms or a related group of buildings @ shopping/sports and leisure complex 46. upscale upscale /‘ap.skeil/ adjective US For upmarket upmarket /,p'ma:.kit/ /‘np.ma:r-/ adjective describes goods and products that are of very high quality and intended to be bought by people who are quite rich an upmarket brand name 47. emphatic /em p ‘faet.sk/ /-"faet-/ adjective done or said in a strong way and without any doubt Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5-0 victory over italy. 48. enthusiasm /in' ju: zi.ez. a m/ /-‘Bu:-/ noun a feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity and an eagerness to be involved in it One of the good things about teaching young chitdren is their enthusiasm. 49. attendee /a.ten'di:/ noun [C] someone who goes to a place, event, etc. 50. budget /‘bad3.t/ noun a plan to show how much money a persort or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year. 51. assign /a'sain/ verb [T | CHOOSE, to give a particular job or piece of work to someone The case has been assigned to our most senior officer. 52. agenda /a'dsen.da/ noun [C] 1. a list of matters to be discussed at a meeting There were several important items on the agenda. ¥ 2. a list of aims or possible future achievements Women's rights have been put back on the agenda (= are being discussed publicly again) . 53. announcement /a‘naon t .smant/ noun [ Cor UJ ( Wr - 5 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali 412 Something that someone says offically, giving information about something, or when someone announces something The President made an unexpected announcement this morning. 84. arrange /a'reind3/ verb PLAN . to plan or prepare for; to organize {'m trying to arrange my work so that ! can have a couple of days off next week. 55. catery'ker.tar//-ta/ verb [lorT] to provide, and sometimes serve, food ‘'m catering for twelve on Sunday, all the family are coming. catering /"ker.t a r.in/ /-L3-/ adjective ( before noun t a high-class catering company 56. set (sth) up phrasal verb [ M] to prepare something for use, especially by putting the different parts of it together We only had a couple of hours to set up before the exhibition opened. 57, came to think of it ‘To suddenly think about sth and change your opinion 58. TGIF Thank goodness it's Friday 59. karaoke / kaer.i'a0.ki/ / ker.i'o0.ki/ noun [ U ja form of entertainment, originally from Japan, in which recordings of the music but nat the words of popular songs are played, so that people can sing the words themselves @ karaoke bar/machine/night 60. talent /‘tael. a nt/ noun NATURAL ABILITY. (someone who has) a natural ability to be good at something, especially without being taught Her talent for music showed at an early age. 61. a born organizer Naturally an organizer 62."team ,playernoun(C] someone who is good at working closely with other people tondon company requires a team player committed to quality management. 63. rush /raj/ noun HURRY when you have to hurry or move somewhere quickly Stow down! What's the rush? 64. pleasure /‘ple3.0 r / /-a/ noun {Cor U] ° enjoyment, happiness or satisfaction, or something that gives this ~ ~ His visits gave his grandparents such pleasure. 6 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali Oye .12 65. classic /‘klaes.ik/ noun HIGH QUALITY a piece of writing, a musical recording or a film which is well-known and of a high standard and lasting value Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice’ is a classic of. ‘English literature. 66. check out phrasal verb {0 Gxamine something or get more information about it in order to be certain that it is true, safe or suitable We'll nead to check out his story. 87. category /‘keet.a.gri/ /*kaet-/ noun | C] (in a system for dividing things according to appearance, quality, etc.) a type, or a group of things having some features that are the same There are three categories of accommodation - standard, executive and. deluxe, 68. novel /‘nov. 2 I/ /’na:.v al/noun[C) a long printed story about imaginary characters and events Nis latest novel is selling really well. novel /‘nov. aif /'na:.v al/ adjective Rew and original, not like anything seen before Keeping a sheep in the garden is a novel way of keeping the grass short! 69. mystery /‘mis.t a rif /-ta-/ noun BOOK/FILM/PLAY a book, film or play, especially about a crime or a murder, with a surprise ending which explains all the strange events that have happened | really enjoy murder mysteries. 70. , science * fiction noun | U } inrommal scifi, ats0 SF) books, films or cartoons about an imagined future, especially about space travel or other planets a science-fiction novel/story : 71. exquisite /ik'skwiz.it/ adjective BEAUTIFUL very beautiful; delicate an exquisite piece of china 72, detective /dr'tek.twv/ noun [C] Someone whose job is to discover information about crimes and find out who is responsible for them detective stories . 73. contemporary /kan'tem.p 9. ar.i/ Fpa.ter-/ adjective EXISTING NOW existing or happening now contemporary music/literature/art/fashion 74. on the edge of your seat excited c 75. object /ab'dsekt/ verb [1] to feel or express opposition to or dislike of something or someone . ‘No-one objected when the boss said it was time to go home. 7 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali - { 14%12 77. beloved /b'lav.id/ , /-'Invd/ adjective sucsruy FoRMAL loved very much Her beloved husband died last year. 78. fiction /'fik.. a n/ noun the type of book or story which is written about imaginary characters and events and not based on real people and facts The-bookris a work of fiction and not intended as a historical account. 79. non-fiction /non'fik,{ a n/ /,na:n-/ noun [U] writing that is about eal events and facts, rather than stories which have been invented 80. a must-do/-have/-see, etc. something that is so good, you must do it, have it or see it The cashmere scarf is this season's must-have. 81. biography /ba''og.ra.fi/ /-.gra-/ noun [Cor U] the life story of a person written by someone else He wrote a biography of Winston Churchill. 82.autobiography /,9:.to 0 -bar'og.ra.fi/ /,9:.ta.bar'a:.gre-/ noun a book about a person's life, written by that person The TV series ‘An Angel at my Table' was based on the autobiographies of the New Zealand author Janet Frame. 83. travel book a book sb writes about their travel experiences 84. memoir /'mem_wa: r/ /-wa:r/ noun a book or other piece of writing based on the writer's personal knowledge of famous people, places or events She has written a memoir of her encounters with W.H. Auden over the years. 85. self-help / self 'help/ adjective , noun [U) the activity of providing what you need for yourself and others with similar experiences or difficulties without going to an official organization It is a group providing self-help for single parents. 86. run into sb phrasal verb to meet someone you know when you are not expecting to Graham ran into someone he used to know at schoot the other day. 87. browse /brauz/ verb LOOK to look through a book or magazine without reading everything, or to walk around a shop looking at several things without intending to buy any of them "Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?” "No, I'm just browsing.” 88. can't get enough of it Like it verymuch =~ 8 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadali \ay i12 89. can't seem to get into i Don't like it 90. put me to sleep . It is so boring that makes me sleep. 91, 1 can't put it down It is so interesting that I can't stop reading. 92. page-turner /'pei.ds,t3.na ¢//-.t3:.na/ noun [CJ nronwat @ book that is so exciting that you have to read it quickly Her latest novel is a real page-turner. 93. cliffhanger /‘klif,haen.ar / /-2/ noun [C] a story or a situation which is exciting because its ending or result is uncertain until it happens Many of Hitchcock's films are reat cliffhangers. 94. bestseller / bes t ‘selar//-a/ noun[C] 2 book which is extremely popular and has sold in very large numbers 4K Rowling's ‘Harry Potter’ novels are ail bestsellers. 95. read /ri:d/ noun [ S| UK the act of reading something It's not brilliant but it's worth a read. 96. hard to follow difficutt to understand 97. trash /traef/ noun [ U] THINGS ‘nroRtaat something that is of low quality 1 can''t believe that someone of his intelligence con read such trash! “98. latest /Tei.ist/ /-tist/ adjective {before noun] being the newest or most recent or modern Have you seen her latest movie? issue /‘if.u:/, /'1s.ju:/ noun [C] 2 subject or problem which people are thinking and talking about environmental/ethical/personal issues 99, sell out phrasal verb 1. to sell all of the supply that you have of something We sold out of the T-shirts in the first couple of hours. 2. Ifa supply of something sells out, there is no more of that thing to buy The first issue of the magazine sold out within two days. = 3. [passive ] When a show or film is sotd out, all of the tickets for it have been sold We touldn't get seats - the concert was sold out. . 3 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammadait ee jaV12 100. 1'm dying to read Hove to read 101, curl up phrasal verb to sit or lic in a position with your arms and legs close to your body She curled up on the sofa to watch TV. 102. do puzzle 103. skim /skim/ verb -mm- to read or consider something quickly in order to understand the main points, without studying it in detail ve only skimmed (through/over) his letter; | haven't read it carefully yet. 104. sunlight /'san.lait/ noun [U} the light that comes from the sun The morning/afternoon/evening sunlight shone through the curtains. 106. bestseller /,bes t ‘sel.ar//-a/ noun [C] a book which is extremely popular and has sold in very large numbers 4K Rowling's ‘Harry Potter’ novels are all bestsellers. 107. guilty /"gil.ti/ /-ti/ adjective FEELING feeling guilt | feel so guilty about forgetting her birthday. pleasure /'ple3.a¢/ /-2/ noun {Cor U enjoyment, happiness or satisfaction, ar something that gives this His visits gave his grandparents such pleasure. 108. blog /blog/ /blo:g/ noun { C} ( 150 weblog) : a diary {= regular record of your thoughts, opinions and experiences) that you put on the Internet for other people to read 109. alien /‘e1.I.an/ noun [ C] : 4. LEGAL a foreigner, usually someone who lives ina country of which they are net a legal citizen When war broke out the government rounded up thousands of aliens and put them in temporary camps. 2. a creature from a different planet, 110. apparently /a‘paer. a ntli/ /-'per-/ adverb 1. used t6 say you have read or been told something although you are not certain itis true Apparently it's going to rain today. 2. used to say that something seems to be true, although it is not certain An eighty-year-old woman was badly hurt in what the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack (= an attack with no obvious purpose) . DvD1. envelope 2. reprint /,ri:'print/ verb [ tor T) fo print a book again, or to be printed again The first edition sold out so we ore reprinting it/it is reprinting, + 3. client "klar, a nt/ noun EC] A. a customer, ‘or someone who. receives services Mr Blackbhas been a client of this firm for ‘many years, 4. dine /dain/ verb {1} Formac fo eat the main meal of the day, usually in the evening hate dining atone, 5. fok S- assume /3'sfus/ /-'su:en/ verbs [7] ACCEPT {2 aécept something to be true without question oF proof fet's assume (that) they're coming and make plans on that basis, Work book 1. delicate /'detukat/ adjective peneeding careful treatment, especialy because easily damaged Delicate plants need to be kept in a greenho, use during the winter. 2. needing to be done carefully Repairing damaged nerves is.a very delicate operation/process. 2. Fabric /‘faeb.nk/ noun CLOTH (2 type of) cloth or woven material dress fabric 3. fume /fju:m/ verb (1) to be very angry, sometimes without expressing it |saw her a week after they'd had the argument and she was still fuming, fumes /fju:mz/ plural noun Strong, unpleasant and sometimes dangerous Bas or smoke Petrol fumes always make me feet il, 4. anonymous /a'non, mas/ /-'na:.na-/ adjective Compiled by Muhammad Shicmuhammadat { . taq12 a short sentence, etc., usually known by many people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice There is an old Arab proverb that everything you write or speak should pass through three gates: ts this kind? Is this necessary? Is this true? 6. object /ab‘dgekt/ verb [1] to feet or express opposition to or dislike of something or someone No-one objected when the boss said it was time to go home. 7. content /kan’tent/ adjective | after verb | pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement He seems fairly content with (his) life. content /‘kon.tent/ /"ka:n-/ noun SUBJECT 1. the list of articles or parts contained in a magazine or book, with the number of the page they begin on 2, [Sor U ] the ideas that are contained in a piece of writing, a speech or a film It's a very stylish and beautiful film, but it tacks content. 3. everything that is contained within something The contents of his bag spilied all over the floor. content /kan'tent/ verb [T] to make someone feel happy and satisfied You're quite easily contented, aren't you? 12 Compiled by Muhammad Shirmuhammaddi