!! !

"
F=k ; k = 8.9875 x 10# N𝑚$ /𝐶 $
""
- ËÅÑ¡¡Òâͧà¡ÒʏËÒʹÒÁä¿¿‡Ò
→ ∑!
1. ∫ 𝐸 . da =
&#

2.á»Å§¤ÇÒÁ˹Òṋ¹
3.¡ÅѺÊÙµÃ
 '(
V= = Ed ; ˹‹ÇÂ໚¹ V
)
Q = »ÃШØä¿¿‡Ò
R = ÃÐÂШҡ»ÃШØä¿¿‡Ò ¶Ö§¨Ø´·Õ赌ͧ¡ÒÃËÒÈѡ俿‡Ò
k = 9 x 109 N𝑚$ /𝐶 $
 * * * * *
- ͹ءÃÁ : +รวม
= +!
+ +"
+ +$
+ … ++
%

- ¢¹Ò¹ : 𝐶รวม = 𝐶* + 𝐶$ + 𝐶, + … + 𝐶-
V = IR ; ˹‹ÇÂ໚¹ V
- ͹ءÃÁ : 𝑅รวม = 𝑅* + 𝑅$ + … + 𝑅-
* * * *
- ¢¹Ò¹ : = + +…+
)รวม )! )" )%
Wave function : y(x,t) = Acos(kx-𝜔𝑡+∅)
ÍѵÃÒàÃçǵÒÁ¢ÇÒ§ : 𝑉. = 𝜔𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
/ 1
ÍѵÃÒàÃçǤÅ×è¹ or à¿Ê : V = 𝜆𝑓 = =
0 '
* 2
¤ÇÒÁ¶Õè¢Í§¤Å×è¹ : f = 0
= /
$3
¤ÇÒÁ¶ÕèàªÔ§ÁØÁ : 𝜔 = 0
$3
àÅ¢¤Å×è¹ : k =
/
Maxwell’s Equations ໚¹ªØ´ÊÁ¡Òà 4 ÊÁ¡Ò÷Õè㪌͸ԺÒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§Ê¹ÒÁä¿¿‡Ò
(Electric field) áÅÐʹÒÁáÁ‹àËÅç¡ (Magnetic field)
→ !
1.Gauss’s Law : ∫ 𝐸.dA = "
!
→
2.¡®¢Í§à¡ÒʏÊÓËÃѺʹÒÁáÁ‹àËÅç¡ : ∫ 𝐵 . dA = 0
"! &'"
3.¡®¢Í§¿ÒÃÒà´Â : ∫ 𝐵. 𝑑𝑙 = 𝜇$[𝑖% + &( ]
&∅#
4.¡®¢Í§áÍÁá»Ã : ∫ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑙 = −
&(
 ¨Ñ´·Óâ´Â

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