MERCANTILE LAW 292

HANDELSREG 292

2024

TUTORIAL 2 OF 15
TUTORIAAL 2 OF 15

• Students are required to complete the tutorial exercise and to submit it on

SUNLearn. Tutorial must be submitted by 09:00 on Tuesday, 5 March 2024.
• The tutorial questions will be discussed during the Tuesday, 5 March 2024
lecture. Please refer to 2.7 of the module framework for the times and venues
for the lectures.
• Guidelines to answer the tutorial will be made available after the lecture on
SUNLearn.
• After the tutorial class, students will be allocated another student’s tutorial
exercise to mark based on the guidelines and must submit their marking by
09:00 on Tuesday, 12 March 2024.
• The questions below are questions that will help apply what you have learned
in Topic 2 and provide you with practice in how to approach and answer typical
short and application-style questions that you would find in the main
assessments.
• REMEMBER: Submission of 10 out of 15 tutorials on SUNLearn is a pass
requirement.
• Daar word van studente verwag om die tutoriaaloefening te voltooi en in te dien
op SUNLearn. Tutoriaal 2 moet teen Dinsdag, 5 Maart 2024 om 09:00
ingedien word.
• Die tutoriaalvrae word tydens die Dinsdag, 5 Maart 2024 lesing bespreek.
Verwys na 2.7 van die moduleraamwerk vir die tye en lokale vir die lesings.

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 • Die riglyne om die tutoriaal te beantwoord, sal na afloop van die lesing op
SUNLearn beskikbaar gestel word.
• Na afloop van die tutoriaalklas sal studente 'n tutoriaaloefening van 'n ander
student ontvang om te merk gebaseer op die riglyne. Hul punte moet teen
Dinsdag, 12 Maart 2024, 09:00 indien word.
• Die onderstaande vrae is vrae wat jou kan help om dit wat jy in Onderwerp 2
geleer het, toe te pas en oefening te gee om tipiese kort en toepassingsvrae
wat u in die hoofassesserings sou vind, te beantwoord.
• ONTHOU: Inhandiging van 10 uit 15 tutoriale oor SUNLearn is 'n
slaagvereiste.

SECTION A
1. Choose the CORRECT statement(s):
Leroy Little has been appointed as a trustee for ABC Trust. Assume that Leroy
has complied with the relevant formalities regarding his appointment, as set out
in the Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988. Leroy has been abusing his
position as a trustee and the beneficiaries are upset about the management of
the trust under his leadership. The beneficiaries inform the Master of the High
Court of their dissatisfaction. Leroy foresees trouble and decides that he no
longer wants to be a trustee of ABC Trust. You can accept for the purpose
of this question that the trust instrument does not say anything about the
resignation by a trustee.

A. Leroy must submit a resignation letter to the beneficiaries, as set out in

the trust instrument.
B. Leroy may submit a resignation letter to the founder of the trust, as set
out in trust instrument.
C. Leroy may submit his resignation to the Master of the High Court, and
this must be done verbally.

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 D. Leroy may submit his resignation to the Master and ascertained
beneficiaries and this must be done in writing.
E. A & B.

2. Choose the CORRECT statement(s):

The following case(s) confirmed that, unless the law stipulates otherwise, a trust
is not recognised as a legal person:

A. Magnum Financial Holdings (Pty) Ltd (in Liquidation) v Summerly and

Another 1984 (1) SA 160 (W)
B. Melville v Busane [2012] 1 ALL SA 675 (ECP) 18 August 2011
C. Land and Agricultural Development Bank of SA v Parker and others
[2004] 4 ALL SA 261 (SCA)
D. Tijmstra NO v Blunt-Mackenzie NO 2002 1 SA 459 (T)
E. None of the above cases.

3. Choose the CORRECT statement:

The parties to a trust includes:

A. Founder, donor and beneficiary.

B. Master, founder and trustee.
C. Master, trustee and beneficiary.
D. Founder, trustee and beneficiary.
E. Trust, beneficiary and founder.

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SECTION B
Xander is in the process of drafting a trust instrument with Xander as the founder of
the XYZ Trust (“the trust”). The purpose of the trust is “to carry on business for the
benefit of the beneficiaries, as defined”. Amogelang and Xander will be the trustees of
the trust and Xander is the sole beneficiary of the trust. Amogelang has accepted to
act as a trustee.

Before the trust instrument is finalised, Amogelang enters into a transaction on behalf
of the trust to purchase a building from which the trust’s business will be operated,
without the knowledge or consent of Xander. Amogelang is under the impression that
such a transaction can be concluded on behalf of the trust and is not aware of the fact
that the trust instrument is not yet finalised. Assume that, subsequently, the trust is
duly established.

(a) Is a valid contract concluded by the trust for the purchase of the building?
Motivate your answer. If your answer is no, also explain whether the contract
can be validated. You are not required to discuss the liability of Amogelang.
(6)

(b) Assume that Xander wants to be the only trustee involved in the administration
of the trust assets. Xander is of the opinion that he cannot be removed as a
trustee. Is this viewpoint correct? Advise accordingly.
(4)
[10]

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AFDELING A
1. Kies die KORREKTE stelling(s):
Leroy Little is as die trustee vir ABC Trust aangestel. Aanvaar dat Leroy se
aanstelling voldoen aan die relevante formaliteite soos uiteengesit in die Wet
op die Beheer van Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988. Leroy het sy posisie
as trustee misbruik en die begunstigdes is ontsteld oor die bestuur van die trust
onder sy leierskap. Die begunstigdes stel die Meester van die Hooggeregshof
in kennis van hul ontevredenheid. Leroy kom te hore hiervan en besluit dat hy
nie meer 'n trustee van ABC Trust wil wees nie. U kan vir die doel van hierdie
vraag aanvaar dat die trustinstrument niks noem oor die bedanking van
'n trustee nie.

A. Leroy moet 'n bedankingsbrief aan die begunstigdes indien, soos

uiteengesit in die trustinstrument.
B. Leroy kan 'n bedankingsbrief aan die stigter van die trust indien, soos
uiteengesit in trustinstrument.
C. Leroy kan sy bedanking slegs modelings by die Meester van die
Hooggeregshof indien.
D. Leroy kan sy bedanking by die Meester en vasgestelde begunstigdes
indien en dit moet skriftelik gedoen word.
E. A & B.

2. Kies die KORREKTE stelling(s):

Die volgende hofsake bevestig dat 'n trust nie as 'n regspersoon erken word
nie, tensy die wet anders bepaal:

A. Magnum Financial Holdings (Pty) Ltd (in Liquidation) v Summerly and

Another 1984 (1) SA 160 (W)
B. Melville v Busane [2012] 1 ALL SA 675 (ECP) 18 August 2011

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 C. Land and Agricultural Development Bank of SA v Parker and others
[2004] 4 ALL SA 261 (SCA)
D. Tijmstra NO v Blunt-Mackenzie NO 2002 1 SA 459 (T)
E. Geen van die bogenoemde gevalle nie.

3. Kies die KORREKTE stelling:

Die partye by 'n trust sluit in:

A. Stigter, skenker en begunstigde.

B. Meester, stigter en trustee.
C. Meester, trustee en begunstigde.
D. Stigter, trustee en begunstigde.
E. Trust, begunstigde en stigter.

AFDELING B
Xander is besig om 'n trustinstrument op te stel met homself as die stigter van die XYZ
Trust ("die trust"). Die doel van die trust word omskryf as “om sake te doen tot voordeel
van die begunstigdes”. Amogelang en Xander sal die trustees van die trust wees en
Xander is verder ook die enigste begunstigde van die trust. Amogelang het aanvaar
om as trustee op te tree. Voordat die trustinstrument gefinaliseer word, gaan
Amogelang 'n transaksie namens die trust aan om 'n gebou te koop waaruit die trust
se besigheid bedryf sal word, sonder die medewete of toestemming van Xander.
Amogelang is onder die indruk dat so 'n transaksie namens die trust afdwingbaar is
en is onbewus van die feit dat die trustinstrument nog nie gefinaliseer is nie. Aanvaar
dat die trust daarna behoorlik gestig is.

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(a) Word 'n geldige kontrak deur die trust gesluit vir die aankoop van die gebou?
Motiveer jou antwoord. Indien jou antwoord nee is, verduidelik ook of die
kontrak bekragtig kan word. Daar word nie van jou verwag om die
aanspreeklikheid van Amogelang te bespreek nie.
(6)

(b) Aanvaar dat Xander die enigste trustee wil wees wat betrokke is by die
administrasie van die trustbates. Xander is van mening dat hy nie as trustee
verwyder kan word nie. Is hierdie standpunt korrek? Adviseer
dienooreenkomstig.
(4)
[10]