IBM Netezza

Release 7.2

IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips


IBM Netezza
Release 7.2

IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips


 Note
Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page A-1

Revised: September 16, 2014

This edition applies to IBM Netezza Release 7.2 and to all subsequent releases until otherwise indicated in new
editions.
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2001, 2014.
US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract
with IBM Corp.
Contents
Electronic emission notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Regulatory and compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Netezza hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001 model summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001-001 model summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
IBM PureData System for Analytics N2001 and N2002 model summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001 model summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
IBM Netezza High Capacity Appliance C1000 model summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
IBM Netezza 100 model summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Netezza software and client applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Netezza software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Administration and client software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Netezza high availability solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Linux host operating system requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Commands and queries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Default users and passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Netezza common tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Basic Netezza CLI information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Basic Netezza SQL information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Get help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
IBM Knowledge Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
PDF documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Online help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
If you need help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001, 2014 iii

iv IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips
Electronic emission notices
When you attach a monitor to the equipment, you must use the designated
monitor cable and any interference suppression devices that are supplied with the
monitor.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

This equipment was tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, according to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, might cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference, in which case the user is required to correct the interference at their
own expense.

Properly shielded and grounded cables and connectors must be used to meet FCC
emission limits. IBM® is not responsible for any radio or television interference
caused by using other than recommended cables and connectors or by
unauthorized changes or modifications to this equipment. Unauthorized changes
or modifications might void the authority of the user to operate the equipment.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) this device might not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
might cause undesired operation.

Industry Canada Class A Emission Compliance Statement

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Avis de conformité à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du

Canada.

Australia and New Zealand Class A Statement

This product is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product might

cause radio interference in which case the user might be required to take adequate
measures.

European Union EMC Directive Conformance Statement

This product is in conformity with the protection requirements of EU Council

Directive 2004/108/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
relating to electromagnetic compatibility. IBM cannot accept responsibility for any
failure to satisfy the protection requirements resulting from a nonrecommended
modification of the product, including the fitting of non-IBM option cards.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001, 2014 v

 This product is an EN 55022 Class A product. In a domestic environment, this
product might cause radio interference in which case the user might be required to
take adequate measures.

Responsible manufacturer:

International Business Machines Corp.

New Orchard Road
Armonk, New York 10504
914-499-1900

European Community contact:

IBM Technical Regulations, Department M456

IBM-Allee 1, 71137 Ehningen, Germany
Telephone: +49 7032 15-2937
Email: tjahn@de.ibm.com

Germany Class A Statement

Deutschsprachiger EU Hinweis: Hinweis für Geräte der Klasse A EU-Richtlinie

zur Elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit

Dieses Produkt entspricht den Schutzanforderungen der EU-Richtlinie

2004/108/EG zur Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften über die elektromagnetische
Verträglichkeit in den EUMitgliedsstaaten und hält die Grenzwerte der EN 55022
Klasse A ein.

Um dieses sicherzustellen, sind die Geräte wie in den Handbüchern beschrieben zu

installieren und zu betreiben. Des Weiteren dürfen auch nur von der IBM
empfohlene Kabel angeschlossen werden. IBM übernimmt keine Verantwortung für
die Einhaltung der Schutzanforderungen, wenn das Produkt ohne Zustimmung der
IBM verändert bzw. wenn Erweiterungskomponenten von Fremdherstellern ohne
Empfehlung der IBM gesteckt/eingebaut werden.

EN 55022 Klasse A Geräte müssen mit folgendem Warnhinweis versehen werden:

“Warnung: Dieses ist eine Einrichtung der Klasse A. Diese Einrichtung kann im
Wohnbereich Funk-Störungen verursachen; in diesem Fall kann vom Betreiber
verlangt werden, angemessene Maßnahmen zu ergreifen und dafür
aufzukommen.”

Deutschland: Einhaltung des Gesetzes über die

elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit von Geräten

Dieses Produkt entspricht dem “Gesetz über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit

von Geräten (EMVG)”. Dies ist die Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinie 2004/108/EG in
der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Zulassungsbescheinigung laut dem Deutschen Gesetz über die

elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit von Geräten (EMVG) (bzw. der
EMC EG Richtlinie 2004/108/EG) für Geräte der Klasse A

Dieses Gerät ist berechtigt, in Übereinstimmung mit dem Deutschen EMVG das
EG-Konformitätszeichen - CE - zu führen.

Verantwortlich für die Einhaltung der EMV Vorschriften ist der Hersteller:

vi IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

International Business Machines Corp.
New Orchard Road
Armonk, New York 10504
914-499-1900

Der verantwortliche Ansprechpartner des Herstellers in der EU ist:

IBM Deutschland
Technical Regulations, Department M456
IBM-Allee 1, 71137 Ehningen, Germany
Telephone: +49 7032 15-2937
Email: tjahn@de.ibm.com

Generelle Informationen: Das Gerät erfüllt die Schutzanforderungen nach EN 55024

und EN 55022 Klasse A.

Japan VCCI Class A Statement

This product is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control
Council for Interference (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic
environment, radio interference might occur, in which case the user might be
required to take corrective actions.

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries

Association (JEITA) Statement

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA)

Confirmed Harmonics Guidelines (products less than or equal to 20 A per phase)

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries

Association (JEITA) Statement

Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA)

Confirmed Harmonics Guidelines (products greater than 20 A per phase)

Electronic emission notices vii

 Korea Communications Commission (KCC) Statement

This is electromagnetic wave compatibility equipment for business (Type A). Sellers
and users need to pay attention to it. This is for any areas other than home.

Russia Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Class A Statement

People's Republic of China Class A Electronic Emission

Statement

Taiwan Class A Compliance Statement

viii IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

Regulatory and compliance
Regulatory Notices

Install the NPS® system in a restricted-access location. Ensure that only those
people trained to operate or service the equipment have physical access to it.
Install each AC power outlet near the NPS rack that plugs into it, and keep it
freely accessible.

Provide approved circuit breakers on all power sources.

Product might be powered by redundant power sources. Disconnect ALL power

sources before servicing.

High leakage current. Earth connection essential before connecting supply. Courant
de fuite élevé. Raccordement à la terre indispensable avant le raccordement au
réseau.

Homologation Statement

This product may not be certified in your country for connection by any means
whatsoever to interfaces of public telecommunications networks. Further
certification may be required by law prior to making any such connection. Contact
an IBM representative or reseller for any questions.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001, 2014 ix

x IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips
About the Netezza data warehouse appliance
The following topics provide a brief introduction to the IBM Netezza® data
warehouse appliance, the available models, the command interfaces, and references
to help and documentation.

If you are a new user of a Netezza appliance, or you are familiar with an older
Netezza system, review this content to familiarize yourself with the basics of the
Netezza systems.

Netezza hardware
An IBM Netezza appliance consists of a high-performance hardware platform and
optimized database query engine software that work together to support various
data analysis and business reporting features.

IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001 model summary

The IBM PureData™ System for Analytics N3001 family is the latest generation of
data warehouse appliances.

Within each rack are numerous components that work together to provide the
asymmetric massively parallel processing of the Netezza architecture. The key
hardware components include:
v Snippet blades (S-Blades), also called snippet processing units (SPUs)
v Hosts
v Storage arrays

The following figure summarizes the quarter-rack, half-rack, full rack, and
two-rack models. A four-rack model (not shown) is also available. For details about
models and availability, contact your Netezza sales representative.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001, 2014 1-1

 Figure 1-1. IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001 systems: quarter, half, full, and
two-rack summary

Model N3001-002 N3001-005 N3001-010 N3001-020

S-Blades 2 4 7 14
Snippet 32 64 112 224
processors
Disks [Spares] 48 [4] 144 [16] 288 [34] 576 [68]
User Data 8 TB 24 TB 48 TB 96 TB
Storage (Raw)

Snippet blades (S-Blades)

The S-Blade is a specialized processing board which combines the CPU processing
power of a blade server with the query analysis intelligence of the IBM Netezza
Database Accelerator card.

The snippet processing functions are the responsibility of the S-Blade. The
dual-board component is in two slots of the S-Blade chassis. Each chassis can
contain up to seven S-Blades.

Note: There are references to both S-Blades and snippet processing units (SPUs)
within the Netezza software and documentation. The terms S-Blade and SPU are
synonymous and are often used interchangeably. The term SPU also refers to the
snippet processing functions of the S-Blade.

The Netezza Database Accelerator card contains the FPGA query engines, memory,
and I/O for processing the data from the disks where user data is stored. The
following figure shows the S-Blade for the N200x models.

1-2 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

Figure legend Description
1 S-Blade server. In the N300x appliances, the blade server is an HS23
model; in the N200x appliances, the blade server is an HX5 model
(shown).
2 Netezza Database Accelerator Cards

In the N300x and N200x model family, each S-Blade contains a server blade
connected to a PCI-sidecar that contains two Netezza Database Accelerator cards
(DACs). Each DAC has a SAS/ HBA connection to the storage arrays; the SAS
cables connect from the ports on the front of the DACs to the disk enclosure ports
in the back of the rack.

Netezza hosts
The Netezza host server (host) is a Linux server that runs the IBM Netezza
software and utilities.

The host controls and coordinates the activity of the appliance. It conducts query
optimization; controls table and database operations; consolidates and returns
query results; and monitors the Netezza system components to detect and report
problems.

The host is a highly redundant, highly available, server. Most IBM PureData
System for Analytics systems have two hosts in a highly available (HA)
configuration. The rack-based models include a keyboard, video, mouse (KVM)
unit to give administrators at the Netezza appliance direct access to the host
operating system. In most cases, administrators who do not have physical access to
the appliance use remote connect applications to log in to the host over their
secure network and run commands.

Storage arrays
The storage arrays contain the disks that store the user data and related processing
files to support the query activity on the Netezza system.

In the N3001 and N2001 model families, each disk enclosure has 24 disks. There
are 12 disk enclosures in each full rack, or 6 enclosures in a half-rack model. In the
N3001 and N2001 families, each rack is one storage array. Each S-Blade uses two

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-3

 disks for its swap and log partitions. To determine the number of disks that hold
user data for each N3001 and N2001 model:

[total disks] - [2 x num_s-Blades] - [spares]

For a one-rack model, this equation is 288 - 14 - 34, or 240 disks for user data. Each
disk holds approximately 200GB of user data, for a storage total of 48 TB.

IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001-001 model summary

The IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001-001 appliance is a smaller-scale
member of the N3001 family.

The N3001-001 uses a pair of System x3650 M4 HD hosts configured as highly

available servers that you install within existing racks in your data center. The
N3001-001 appliance includes the Netezza Platform Software and uses virtual
snippet processing units (SPUs) to process the queries on your data.

The following figure shows the N3001-001 appliance.

Figure 1-2. IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001-001 appliance

The N3001-001 appliance holds up to 4 TB of user data (or 16 TB assuming a 4x

compression). It supports client applications and connections similar to all the
other Netezza appliances.

IBM PureData System for Analytics N2001 and N2002 model

summary
The IBM PureData System for Analytics N200x family of data warehouse
appliances increases the capacity and performance of the N1001 models.

Within each rack are numerous components that work together to provide the
asymmetric massively parallel processing of the Netezza architecture. The key
hardware components include:
v Snippet blades (S-Blades)
v Hosts
v Storage arrays

The following figure summarizes the quarter-rack, half-rack, full rack, and
two-rack models. A four-rack model (not shown) is also available. For details about

1-4 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 models and availability, contact your Netezza sales representative.

Figure 1-3. IBM PureData System for Analytics N200x systems: quarter, half, full, and
two-rack summary

Model N2002-002 N2001-005 N2001-010 N2001-020

S-Blades 2 4 7 14
Snippet 32 64 112 224
processors
Disks [Spares] 48 [4] 144 [16] 288 [34] 576 [68]
User Data 8 TB 24 TB 48 TB 96 TB
Storage (Raw)

IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001 model summary

The IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001 models include hardware
configurations of single-rack and multi-rack configurations.

The N1001 model family is an update to the IBM Netezza 1000 model family, with
the same architectural and interface specifications. The following figure
summarizes the N1001 single-rack models. For details about models and
availability, contact your Netezza sales representative.

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-5

 Figure 1-4. IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001 systems, single-rack summary

Model N1001-002 N1001-005 N1001-010

S-Blades 4 7 14
Snippet processors 24 48 96
Disks [Spares] 24 [2] 48 [2] 96 [4]
User Data Storage 8 TB 16 TB 32 TB
(Raw)

Like the N2001 model family, the N1001 models also have two HA hosts to
support the Netezza software and system processing; one or two S-Blades chassis
to support the query processing and the Netezza Database Accelerator Cards; and
storage arrays that contain the disks for the user data and related query processing
files.

Each N1001 storage array contains either two or four disk enclosures, depending
upon the model. Each disk enclosure has 12 disks. For example, an N1001-005
system has one storage array with 48 disks. The combination of the S-Blade chassis
and its storage array is called a snippet processing array (SPA). Within each SPA,
two disks are reserved as spares which can be brought into service in the event of
a disk failure within the SPA.

IBM Netezza High Capacity Appliance C1000 model summary

The IBM Netezza High Capacity Appliance C1000 models are similar to the N1001
systems, but with more storage per rack for larger data environments.

1-6 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 The following figure summarizes the Netezza C1000 two-rack and four-rack
models. A four-rack system (not shown) is similar to the two-rack system but has
two more racks that contain identical storage configurations.

Figure 1-5. IBM Netezza High Capacity Appliance C1000 systems

Model C1000-8 C1000-16

S-Blades 8 16
Snippet processors 64 128
Disks [Spares] 288 [16] 576 [32]
User Data Storage (Raw) 288 TB 576 TB

Each Netezza C1000 rack has one S-Blade chassis that contains four S-blades. Each
rack also contains four storage arrays, which are called storage groups. Each
storage group contains a disk raid controller and two disk enclosures. The
controller and enclosures each contain 12 disks for a total of 36 disks per storage
group. For example, a Netezza C1000-8 system has eight storage groups with a
total of 144 disks. Two disks per storage group are reserved as spares, so the
C1000-8 system has 16 spare disks.

IBM Netezza 100 model summary

The IBM Netezza 100 system is a single-chassis, single-host, system.

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-7

 The IBM Netezza 100 is a data warehouse appliance for querying smaller, non-HA
database environments and for developing and testing applications before
deploying them to other Netezza systems.

The Netezza 100 chassis is rack-mountable in any standard data center rack. You
can connect to and manage Netezza 100 over remote network connections just as
you can for other Netezza systems. The following figure shows a Netezza 100
system and its system components.

Figure 1-6. Netezza 100-1 System Summary

Table 1-1. IBM Netezza 100 system

Model 100-1
S-Blades 1
Snippet 8
processors
Disks [Spares] 8 [1]
User Data 2.8 TB
Storage (Raw)

Netezza 100 systems operate similarly to other Netezza systems. They have an
S-Blade and storage arrays to run queries and store your databases and tables. You
use the same nz* commands to manage them and to do tasks such as database
backups. Since the Netezza 100-1 is a non-HA system, you do not use any
clustering and Heartbeat commands to manage it. You can run the same SQL
queries on the Netezza 100 system as on N1001 systems.

Netezza software and client applications

The IBM Netezza appliance uses various software applications to conduct its
day-to-day system tasks and to allow users to run administration and data analysis
tasks.

For example, the Netezza host uses the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
operating system (described in more detail in “Linux host operating system
requirements” on page 1-10), and it also has software to manage the Netezza
hardware devices and components, such as firmware, flash, and other applications.
These applications are preinstalled when you purchase a Netezza system; when the
system is installed onsite, Netezza installers help you to finalize the configuration
and system settings to connect the system into your data center environment.

1-8 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 Periodically, Netezza issues patches to correct reported problems and to improve
system performance. Netezza also issues new major and minor software releases to
add new features and capabilities. When software updates and new releases are
available, Netezza Support works with you to plan upgrade paths and to install
the patches and upgrades to your system.

Netezza software
If you have access to IBM Passport Advantage or the IBM Fix Central downloads
area, you can obtain the Netezza software packages and documentation.

The software download area contains the following files:

v nz-nps-version.tar.gz
IBM Netezza software installation files that are required for the Netezza hosts.
v nz-*client-version.tar.z
Netezza client installation packages for the supported client operating systems.
The IBM Netezza client packages are available for a common group of operating
system environments such as:
– nz-aixclient-version.tar.Z Netezza for IBM AIX on PowerPC including
ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-hpitclient-version.tar.gz Netezza for HP-Itanium including
ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-linuxclient-version.tar.gz Netezza for Linux on Intel/AMD including
ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-powerpcclient-version.tar.gz Netezza for Linux running on PowerPC®
including ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-sol10client-version.tar.gz Netezza for Solaris v10 including
ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-sol10x86client-version.tar.gz Netezza for Solaris v10 running on x86
including ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-solclient-version.tar.Z Netezza for Solaris v8, v9 including
ODBC/JDBC and command line utilities
– nz-winclient-version.zip Netezza Windows applications (NzAdmin, ODBC,
JDBC, OLEDB)
– nz-zlinuxclient-version.tar.gz Netezza for SUSE or Red Hat Linux clients
on IBM System z® platforms including ODBC/JDBC and command line
utilities

In addition, the IBM Netezza software packages include firmware, host platform
software, and other appliance-related software packages that are used to update
the hardware and host components.

To access Passport Advantage, go to http://www.ibm.com/software/howtobuy/

passportadvantage/pao_customers.htm.

To access Fix Central, go to http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral.

The Netezza software kits also include the Red Hat Enterprise Linux software,
which is the operating system for the Netezza system hosts.

Administration and client software

IBM Netezza provides administrative tools and client interfaces that you can use to
access and manage the Netezza system from remote workstations.

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-9

 You can install the NzAdmin software on one or more supported Windows client
systems to conduct administrative tasks and obtain status for the system.

Netezza also provides the IBM Netezza Performance Portal application that you
can install on the Netezza host or a separate Red Hat client system. The Netezza
Performance Portal interface provides detailed monitoring capabilities for your
Netezza systems. You can use the portal to answer questions about system usage,
workload, capacity planning, and overall query performance.

You can also install CLI clients that provide a subset of the Netezza commands
that you can use to access and manage the system. For details, see the client
installation instructions in the IBM Netezza System Administrator’s Guide.

For business intelligence and data integration applications, the Netezza ODBC or
JDBC driver, or OLE-DB provider, must be installed on the client systems to
communicate with the Netezza. For a description of the ODBC, JDBC, and OLE DB
support and how to install and configure them, see the IBM Netezza ODBC, JDBC,
and OLE DB Installation and Configuration Guide.

Netezza high availability solution

The IBM Netezza high availability (HA) solution uses Linux-HA and Distributed
Replicated Block Device (DRBD) as the foundation for cluster management and
data mirroring.

All the Netezza models (except Netezza 100) are HA systems, which means that
they have two host servers for managing Netezza operations.

High-Availability Linux (also called Linux-HA) provides the failover capabilities

from a primary or active Netezza host to a secondary or standby Netezza host. The
main cluster management daemon in the Linux-HA solution is called Heartbeat.
Heartbeat watches the hosts and manages the communication and status checks of
services. Each service is a resource. Netezza groups the Netezza-specific services
into the nps resource group. When Heartbeat detects problems that imply a host
failure condition or loss of service to the Netezza users, Heartbeat can initiate a
failover to the standby host.

Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) is a block device driver that mirrors
the content of block devices (hard disks, partitions, logical volumes, and other
block devices) between the hosts. Netezza uses the DRBD replication only on the
/nz and /export/home partitions. As new data is written to the /nz partition and
the /export/home partition on the primary host, the DRBD software automatically
makes the same changes to the /nz and /export/home partition of the standby host.
For details about managing the HA solution, see the IBM Netezza System
Administrator’s Guide.

Linux host operating system requirements

The IBM Netezza host servers run the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) operating
system.

The IBM PureData System for Analytics N3001 models use RHEL version 6.5. The
IBM PureData System for Analytics N2002 models use RHEL version 6.4. IBM
PureData System for Analytics N2001 models use RHEL version 6.2. Earlier models
of Netezza appliances typically use RHEL version 5.7. Older systems might use

1-10 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 RHEL version 5.3 or 5.5, depending upon when they were manufactured. The
operating system is preinstalled on the Netezza hosts.

Restriction: Never patch or otherwise alter the Linux kernel or other Linux
binaries on your system unless Netezza directs you to do so. Netezza does not
support custom modifications of the kernel.

Netezza provides kernel updates when security updates, patches, or other service
packs become available for the operating system. Upgrade kits are also available to
upgrade the Linux operating systems. Netezza Support works with you to upgrade
and maintain your Netezza host operating system.

Commands and queries

Review the following topics for an overview of the IBM Netezza system, and how
to start using a Netezza appliance.

Default users and passwords

The IBM Netezza appliance includes several default database and Linux user
accounts for the host computer.

Be sure to change the default passwords immediately upon initializing your

system. Users who have permission to write or modify information in /nz/data/
also have access to modify database configuration data, including database
administrator passwords.
Table 1-2. Default users and passwords
User Password Description
nz nz Linux user with login permission to the Netezza appliance. Has
ownership of various Netezza files in the installation directory.
Not shown to Netezza client users
admin password Netezza database superuser, with full access to all database
administration privileges and objects
root netezza Linux superuser with login permission to the Netezza appliance.
Has ownership of various kernel and operating system files. Not
shown to Netezza client users.

In addition to these default accounts, Heartbeat requires the following Linux user
and groups which are added automatically to each of the Netezza hosts during the
Heartbeat RPM installation:
v User: hacluster:x:750:750::/home/hacluster:/bin/bash
v Groups:
– hacluster:x:750:
– haclient:x:65:

Do not modify or remove the user or groups because those changes affect
Heartbeat and disrupt HA operations on the Netezza system.

As the admin user, you can create other database users and groups to grant and
manage access to the objects (such as databases, tables, and views) and
administration tasks (such as creating or dropping tables, deleting rows, and
creating users). Groups organize users with related roles or functions. Groups
make it easier to assign the same permissions to all the users by changing the

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-11

 permissions on the group, rather than changing each user account. When you
assign or revoke permissions to the group, all the users in the group have that
change in permission. For details about user and group management, see the IBM
Netezza System Administrator’s Guide.

There is also a default database group called public. All users are automatically
assigned as members of the public group. You cannot delete the public group, or
remove users from it. This group grants all users the same privilege in one step.

Netezza common tasks

This topic describes some of the common tasks that users perform on the IBM
Netezza and the commands or interfaces to do those tasks.

Commands in bold are command-line input. Commands in uppercase are SQL

commands.

In the following table, the references in the “Where to find more information”
column are to the IBM Netezza System Administrator’s Guide, unless otherwise
noted.
Table 1-3. Netezza common tasks
Category Description Command/Tool Where to find more information
Loading data Load data nzload See the IBM Netezza Data Loading
Guide.
Update data CREATE
EXTERNAL
TABLE
Unloading data Unload data CREATE See the IBM Netezza Data Loading
EXTERNAL Guide and the backup and restore
TABLE information in the IBM Netezza
System Administrator’s Guide.
nzbackup
Sessions Manage or view nzsession See the managing user content
sessions sections in the IBM Netezza System
Administrator’s Guide.
View sessions NzAdmin or
Web Admin tool
Terminate jobs nzsession abort
Change priorities nzsession
priority
Display session nzsession show
usage
Queries Display query nzstats See the statistics reference in the
table IBM Netezza System Administrator’s
Guide.
Query history See the query history section of
the IBM Netezza System
Administrator’s Guide.
Data Distribution View Data NzAdmin or See the managing user content
Distribution Netezza sections of the IBM Netezza System
Performance Administrator’s Guide.
Portal

1-12 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 Table 1-3. Netezza common tasks (continued)
Category Description Command/Tool Where to find more information
Privileges Create user NzAdmin or See the security section in the IBM
Netezza Netezza System Administrator’s
Performance Guide.
Portal
CREATE USER
[Create] User
Privileges Create group NzAdmin or See the security section in the IBM
Netezza Netezza System Administrator’s
Performance Guide.
Portal
CREATE GROUP
[Create] Group
Grant rights NzAdmin or
Netezza
Performance
Portal
GRANT
Revoke access NzAdmin
orNetezza
Performance
Portal
REVOKE
Monitoring Show system nzstate show See the section on managing the
state hardware in the IBM Netezza
System Administrator’s Guide.
Review system Browse to the nz
messages log directory.
View statistics nzstats show See the section on statistics in
-type table_name theIBM Netezza System
Administrator’s Guide.
View mirroring nzds show See the section on managing
information hardware in the IBM Netezza
System Administrator’s Guide.
System events nzevent See the section for event rules in
the IBM Netezza System
Administrator’s Guide.
Tables Create a table NzAdmin tool See the managing content section
of the IBM Netezza System
View table Administrator’s Guide.
specifics
CREATE TABLE See the IBM Netezza Database
User’s Guide.

Basic Netezza CLI information

This topic includes basic information to get you started with the CLI commands.

CLI commands from a Netezza host or client

The following table lists the IBM Netezza commands and the locations where they
can be found on the Netezza host and on client systems.

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-13

 You can run all of the nz commands from the Netezza host. You can run a subset
of commands on clients. A check mark indicates that the command can be run
from that location, and a dash indicates that the command is not available at that
location.
Table 1-4. CLI command locations
C:\Program
Files\Netezza\
Default location /nz/kit/bin /usr/local/nz/bin Bin
Netezza Linux Solaris HP AIX
Platform host client client client client Windows client
nzbackup U – – – – –
nzcontents U – – – – –
nzhostbackup U – – – – –
nzhostrestore U – – – – –
nzrestore U – – – – –
nzstart U – – – – –
nzstop U – – – – –
nzconvert U U U U U U
nzds U U U U U U
nzevent U U U U U U
nzhw U U U U U U
nzload U U U U U U
nzodbcsql – U U U U –
nzpassword U U U U U U
nzreclaim U U U U U –
nzrev U U U U U U
nzsession U U U U U U
nzspupart U U U U U U
nzsql U U U U U –
nzstate U U U U U U
nzstats U U U U U U
nzsystem U U U U U U

Common CLI command options

Review this topic to learn about some common IBM Netezza command options
and their default values.
Table 1-5. Commonly used command options
Option Description Default value
-u user Database user name NZ_USER
-pw password Database password NZ_PASSWORD
-db database Database name NZ_DATABASE
-host name_or_ip IBM Netezza host name or IP address NZ_HOST

1-14 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 Some commands also include a -schema option. On systems that support multiple
schemas in a database, you can specify the -schema option explicitly, or use the
value of the NZ_SCHEMA variable if set. Otherwise, the command uses the
default schema for the database. The commands that have a -schema option are
nzsql, nzload, nzreclaim, nzudxcompile, and nzudxrunharness.

Basic Netezza SQL information

This topic includes basic information to get started with the IBM Netezza SQL
commands.

Commonly used nzsql command-line options

This topic describes the commonly used nzsql command-line options.

For more information about the nzsql command options, see the IBM Netezza
Database User’s Guide.
Table 1-6. Commonly used nzsql command options
Option Description
-A Use unaligned table output mode.

You can combine this option with -t to dump the contents of a table.
For high volume output, use an external table.
-t Print rows only.
-f filename Run queries from a file, then exit.
-o filename Send query output to file name.
-c query Run only single query or slash command, then exit.
-E Display queries that internal commands generate.
-F string Set the field separator. The default is a vertical bar '|'.
-x Enable expanded table output.
-h Display help.

A sample SQL statement follows.

Figure legend Description

1 Database name
2 Schema name
3 User name
4 Query
5 Query result

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-15

 SQL quick tips
Review this topic for some tips that you can use when getting started with SQL
commands.
Table 1-7. SQL tips
Tip Sample
Use quotation marks around string literals. 'The quick brown fox'
Use double quotation marks around labels. SELECT lname AS “Last Name”

Identifiers are case-sensitive, but

they are treated as uppercase
(system default) unless you enclose
them in double quotation marks.
Rather than returning an unknown quantity of SELECT COUNT (*) FROM
records, first get a sense as to the size of your result (your_query) AS “Wrapper”;
set.
Limit the number of records that your application ...LIMIT nnn;
returns.
Parse the query, but do not actually run it. ...LIMIT 0;

SQL commands
This topic lists a subset of the IBM Netezza SQL commands.

For more information about particular commands, see the IBM Netezza Database
User’s Guide.
Table 1-8. Netezza SQL commands
ALTER AGGREGATE CREATE DATABASE DROP HISTORY SET AUTHENTICATION
ALTER CATEGORY CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE CONFIGURATION SET CATALOG
ALTER COHORT CREATE FUNCTION DROP PROCEDURE SET CONNECTION
ALTER DATABASE CREATE GROUP DROP KEYSTORE SET HISTORY
ALTER FUNCTION CREATE HISTORY DROP LIBRARY CONFIGURATION
ALTER GROUP CONFIGURATION DROP SCHEMA SET SCHEMA
ALTER HISTORY CREATE PROCEDURE DROP SECURITY LEVEL SET SESSION
CONFIGURATION CREATE KEYSTORE DROP SEQUENCE SET SYSTEM DEFAULT
ALTER PROCEDURE CREATE LIBRARY DROP SYNONYM SET TRANSACTION
ALTER KEYSTORE CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW DROP TABLE SHOW
ALTER LIBRARY CREATE SCHEMA DROP USER SHOW AGGREGATE
ALTER SCHEMA CREATE SECURITY LEVEL DROP VIEW SHOW AUTHENTICATION
ALTER SECURITY LEVEL CREATE SEQUENCE EXECUTE SHOW CATEGORY
ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE SYNONYM EXECUTE AS SHOW COHORT
ALTER SESSION CREATE TABLE EXECUTE PROCEDURE SHOW CONNECTION
ALTER SYNONYM CREATE TABLE AS EXPLAIN SHOW CRYPTO KEY
ALTER TABLE CREATE USER EXTRACT SHOW FUNCTION
ALTER USER CREATE VIEW GENERATE STATISTICS SHOW HISTORY
ALTER VIEW DELETE GRANT CONFIGURATION
BEGIN DROP AGGREGATE GROOM TABLE SHOW KEYSTORE
CALL DROP CATEGORY INSERT SHOW LIBRARY
COMMENT DROP COHORT RESET SHOW PROCEDURE
COMMIT DROP CONNECTION REVERT SHOW SECURITY LEVEL
CREATE AGGREGATE DROP CRYPTO KEY REVOKE SHOW SYSTEM DEFAULT
CREATE CATEGORY DROP DATABASE ROLLBACK TRUNCATE
CREATE COHORT DROP FUNCTION SELECT UPDATE
CREATE CRYPTO KEY DROP GROUP SET USER

Commonly used nzsql internal slash commands

This topic describes some commonly used internal slash commands for the nzsql
interface.

1-16 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

For more information about the slash options, see the IBM Netezza Database User’s
Guide.
Table 1-9. Commonly used internal slash options
Command Description
\? Lists the available internal slash commands.
\h Lists the available SQL commands.
\h cmd Displays help for a specific SQL command. For example: \h create
table.
\q Quits nzsql.
\l Lists all databases.
\dt Lists all tables.
\dSt Lists all system tables.
\d table Describes a table.
\dv Lists all views.
\dSv Lists all system views.
\d view Describes a view.
\echo text Writes text to stdout.
\! cmd Shell escape or command. Runs a shell command without leaving the
nzsql session.

Backup and restore methods

IBM Netezza provides several backup and restore methods. The one you choose
depends on your needs and particular situation.

The backup and restore options are as follows:

v Create full and incremental backups and restore any increment by using the
nzbackup and nzrestore commands.
v Manually unload and reload individual table data by using the nzsql CREATE
EXTERNAL TABLE command and specifying compressed internal format
external tables.
For information about using the nzsql CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE command,
see the IBM Netezza Data Loading Guide.
v Manually unload and reload individual table data by using the nzsql CREATE
EXTERNAL TABLE command and specifying text format external tables.

The following table lists the differences among the backup and restore methods.

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-17

 Table 1-10. Backup and restore methods
nzbackup and Compressed Text format
Feature nzrestore external tables external tables
Object definition backup U – –

In previous Netezza releases, this

option was called a schema-only
backup because it captures the
database object definitions and
access privileges, but not the data
records. The option name changed
in 7.0.3 to a no-data backup to
clarify that the option does not
back up a schema in a database,
which is not supported.
Full automatic database backup U – –
Manual per-table backup – U U
Manual per-table restore U U U
Symantec NetBackup U – –
®
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager U – –
EMC NetWorker U – –
Automatic incremental U – –
Compressed format U U –
Non-proprietary format – – U
Machine-size independent U U U

This option This option

usually requires usually requires
more time to more time to
complete. complete.
Rowid preserved U U –
Transaction ID preserved – – –
Upgrade safe U U U
Downgrade safe – – U

Symantec and NetBackup are trademarks or registered trademarks of Symantec

Corporation or its affiliates in the US and other countries. EMC and NetWorker are
registered trademarks or trademarks of EMC Corporation in the United States and
other countries.

Get help
Review the following topics for more information about the IBM Netezza user
guides, how to use online help, and how to contact Netezza Support for assistance.

IBM Knowledge Center

The IBM PureData System for Analytics user documentation is available in the
IBM Knowledge Center.

See the Knowledge Center for more information about the Netezza Platform
Software, database, and appliance information.

1-18 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

PDF documentation
The IBM Netezza documentation package includes user guides in Adobe PDF
format.

The following table lists several of the commonly used manuals.

Table 1-11. Key user manuals
File
Netezza_database_users_guide.pdf
Netezza_system_admin_guide.pdf
Netezza_data_loading_guide.pdf
Netezza_advanced_security_admin_guide.pdf
Netezza_release_notes.pdf
Netezza_getting_started_tips.pdf
Netezza_odbc_jdbc_guide.pdf
Description
IBM Netezza Database User's Guide
describes the Netezza SQL language that
is used for queries to databases on the
Netezza systems.
IBM Netezza System Administrator’s Guide
is written for system administrators. It
describes how to manage the Netezza
systems and databases.
IBM Netezza Data Loading Guide is
written for users who are transferring
user data and tables into the Netezza
appliance for querying.
IBM Netezza Advanced Security
Administrator’s Guide describes user login
controls, audit history, masquerading,
and Multi-Level Security (MLS) which
defines rules to control access to table
rows.
IBM Netezza Release Notes includes a list
of new features and enhancements,
known issues, and customer-reported
issues fixed in the release.
IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips describes
background information and tips for
using the Netezza system.
IBM Netezza ODBC, JDBC, and OLE DB
Installation and Configuration Guide
provides information for those users
who want to install and configure ODBC
clients, JDBC clients, or the OLE DB
connector to communicate with the
Netezza system.

The user guides are not installed by default on the Netezza host; however, the IBM
Netezza Software Upgrade Guide describes how to manually copy the PDF files to a
network location to make the guides available inside your network to your users.

Online help
IBM Netezza documentation includes online help for the administration user
interfaces and commands.

Netezza Performance Portal

You can view the entire system administration help or specific context-sensitive
help for the Netezza Performance Portal interface.

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-19

 The help is best viewed in an Internet Explorer web browser; other browsers might
not support the help window navigation controls.
v To view the system administration help, click Help Contents in the navigation
pane.
v To view context-sensitive help, click the question mark on any page.

NzAdmin Online Help

From the NzAdmin interface, you can view context-sensitive administration help
for various tasks, or you can open the entire system administration contents.
v To view the system administration help, select Help > NzAdmin Help from the
menu.
v To view task-oriented help, select an item in the option tree in the left navigation
frame and press F1 to obtain help for that item.

Netezza CLI commands online help

IBM Netezza CLI commands are commands that begin with an “nz” prefix.

You can view online help for a Netezza CLI command by entering the command
followed by -h. Sample command help follows:
nzsystem -h
Usage: nzsystem [-h|-rev] [-hc] <subcmd> [<subcmd options>]
Options:
-h or -? or --help display this help
-[rR]ev or -V print the software revision of this program
-hc display help for <subcmd>

Subcommands:
showState show the overall system state (default)
showRev show the system’s software revision
showRegistry show the system’s configuration registry
showIssues show the issues with system
offline take the system offline
pause pause the system
restart stop and then automatically start the system
resume bring the system back online
stop stop the system
synchronize push the system in Synchronized Now state
set configure system setting(s)

Netezza CLI commands often include subcommands. In the preceding example of

the nzsystem command, the subcommands are listed in a distinct section. You can
view help for Netezza CLI subcommands by entering the name of the CLI
command, followed by -hc, followed by the name of the subcommand. Sample
subcommand online help follows:
nzsystem -hc stop
Usage: nzsystem stop [<subcmd options>]
Subcmd Options:
-host <name/IP> host name or IP address [NZ_HOST]
-timeout <secs> time to wait before exiting with a timeout error
(default = 300)
-u <user name> login using <user name> [NZ_USER]
-pw <password> authentication password [NZ_PASSWORD]
-now do not wait for current work to finish
-nowAfter <secs> time for work to finish before resorting to ’-now’
(default = 300)
-force do not prompt for confirmation

Netezza SQL commands online help

To manage databases and run queries on the IBM Netezza, you use the Netezza
Structured Query Language (SQL).

1-20 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

 You access Netezza SQL by using the nzsql command. While you are in the nzsql
interpreter, you can obtain help for the available commands by using the \h slash
command followed by the Netezza SQL command. Sample Netezza SQL command
online help follows:
DB(USER)=> \h generate statistics
Command: GENERATE STATISTICS
Description: Generates statistics on a database, table, and columns
within a table.
Syntax:
GENERATE STATISTICS [ ON table [ ( column_name [, ... ] ) ] ]
GENERATE EXPRESS STATISTICS ON table [ ( column_name [, ... ] ) ]

If you need help

If you are having trouble using the IBM Netezza appliance, follow these steps:
1. Try the action again, carefully following the instructions for that task in the
documentation.
2. Go to the IBM Support Portal at: http://www.ibm.com/support. Log in using
your IBM ID and password. You can search the Support Portal for solutions. To
submit a support request, click the Service Requests & PMRs tab.
3. If you have an active service contract maintenance agreement with IBM, you
can contact customer support teams by telephone. For individual countries,
visit the Technical Support section of the IBM Directory of worldwide contacts
(http://www.ibm.com/support/customercare/sas/f/handbook/contacts.html).

About the Netezza data warehouse appliance 1-21

1-22 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips
Notices
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© Copyright IBM Corp. 2001, 2014 A-1

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A-2 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips

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Other company, product or service names may be trademarks or service marks of

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Notices A-3
A-4 IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips



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