UNIT 2 – CHEMICAL REACTIONS - oxidation = loss of electron

- LEORA GEROA
o Loss of electron Oxidation Reducing
CHEM LEC 090523 Agent
o Gain of electron Reduction Oxidizing
In precipitation reaction, there is always an insoluble Agent
substance Ex: 2Na + Cl2 -> 2Na+2Cl-
 Na = 0 charge
Neutralization  Cl2 = 0 charge
- Reaction between acid and base forming salt  Oxidation (Na0 -> Na+1), (Na
and water -> Na+1 + 1e)
- Acid + base -> salt + h2o  Reduction (Cl)
- HX + MOH -> MX +H2O
- (x=nonmetal, m=metal) Nuclear reaction
- H+ + OH- -> HOH (net ionic equation) - Reaction in the nucleus
Arrhenius theory of an acid and a base
- If it yields hydroxide, then it is a base
- If it yields hydrogen ion, then it is an acid
- All about ions
Bronsted-Lowry
- Acid = proton donor
- Base = proton acceptor
- All about protons
- Strong acid -> weak conjugate acid
Lewis acid
- Electron donor = base
- Electron acceptor = acid

Different kinds of neutralization reaction

1. acid + metal hydroxide/metal oxide -> salt +
water
2. acid + metal carbonate/bicarbonate -> salt +
CO2 + water

strong acid = completely dissociates

weak acid = does not completely dissociate
weak acid to strong base = basic salt ex. sodium
carbonate

3. acid + ammonia/amine -> ammonium salt

 bases have extra electrons

Reduction-Oxidation reaction
- electrons are transferred from one species to
another
- involves change in oxidation state of the
reactants
- balancing electron gain and loss
- reduction = gain of electron