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Assuming nothing goes wrong, an exact copy of the donor animal is born. There are four steps
involved in the process of DNA cloning, these include, fragmentation in which string of DNA is
divided, the next step is the ligation part in which different parts of DNA are glued together in a
sequence that is desirable, the third step is recognized as transfection, in this step the newly created
DNA is inserted into cells and the last step is recognized as selection in which the those cells that
were transfected successfully with the DNA are selected (MacKinnon 116). Therapeutic cloning
encompasses cloning cells for their exploitation in treating various ailments. Dolly has been one of
the most talked about experiments in the twentieth century. It has been suggested that undermining
the individuality or uniqueness of each human being may undermine respect for human life. This is a
model answer for a human cloning essay If you look at the task, the wording is slightly different
from the common 'do you agree or disagree. Next the egg is placed inside the uterus and child birth
takes place. The possibilities are endless when cloning is applied to the medical field and the future
of medical technology. Let us write or edit the research paper on your topic. They say that they have
already cloned a human child. Scientists studying a particular gene often use bacterial plasmids to
generate multiple copies of the same gene. Proteins in the eggs cytoplasm stripped the udder cell of
its genetic controlsand and returned its DNA to an embryonic state. B. VISUAL CONVENTIONS
(characteristics): Unique style traits, methods and media. I am still not sure about the plans to start
cloning humans. By introducing the correct gene for Factor VIII there is a greater chance of
haemophiliac's blood clotting and therefore the risk of bleeding to death is reduced, as the protein to
form blood clots will be manufactured in cells. According to Savulescu (1999), human cloning is
accountable to abuse, a person's right to individualism and self-sufficiency and being self is violated,
moreover genetic individuality is also lost and human beings are used as a model organism.
According to him, permitting the conduct of one may lead to the conduct of the other; since research
cloning is allowed for therapeutic purposes, there is a tendency for a temptation to pursue
reproductive cloning for other purposes aside from giving a childless couple an offspring. Not only
that but seeing as 1 or 2 out of 100 attempts at cloning were successful and because we also have a
lack of understanding regarding human reproductive cloning, it would be unethical to try. For
instance, the cloning experiment documented by Cibelli et al. (1998) had one of the cloned cows
abort at day 249, which was before the end of the gestation period at 280 days. This embryo
contains cells, which have the potential to develop into any one of the 216 cell types that make up
the body. DNA cloning or gene cloning DNA Cloning is a process where a gene is taken from one
animal and inserted into another animal where it can be used and studied. If all is done correctly,
occasionally a perfect replica of the donor animal will be born. The donor cells nucleus is then placed
inside the egg cell, either through cell fusion or transplantation. He cites the different issues debated
in the House regarding this. Detractors of human cloning have their say about the loss of genetic
diversity leading to higher probability and pervasiveness of genetic diseases. Cloning is discouraged
by various nations as cloning is against the rule of nature, which is generating humans, nurturing
them and paving the way for uncertainties related with the repercussions of science. Is this not
another way we 'play God?, making decisions on whether or not this fetus will live based on
whether or not it has a defect. A clone would not be the same as any other person, but a clone is just
a normal person, created with and having the same genes as the person being cloned. Many people
do support cloning and whether the government makes laws against it or not, it will most likely take
place. A world grand champion walking horse is not only valuable for his shows, but for his stud fees
also. I asked Dr. Harry a few questions about human cloning and cloning in general.
The paper achieves this by presenting data and facts from scholarly literature and analyzing such
information in relation to the subject. It is also noteworthy to have an insight regarding the
amplification in human population and ecological burden on resources and on other surviving
species. The following values make up this acronym: Loyalty, which entails bearing true faith and
allegiance. MacKinnon, Barbara. Human cloning: science, ethics, and public policy. Many years
later, scientists would research and discover the functionalities of the cellular structure, the nucleus,
the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and its chemical composition hence the understanding of its
messages. He cites the different issues debated in the House regarding this. The twelve-year-old girl
is placed behind fifty people on a list for a heart transplant. Postrel is more credible because of her
presentation of actual facts about cloning that it takes 71 eggs to produce a single success and that it
is even difficult to secure eggs in the first place. Lung disease is common among older sheep but
Dolly was still quite young when she died; this is evidence that cloning was the cause of her death.
He made it clear that he had plans to start cloning humans and that he was ready to do so, as he
himself had led many experiments involving the cloning of animals in the lab. Research is also being
done on the cloning of endangered species and dead animals. Human Cloning has become the
subject of discussion in various fields. Stem cells can be used to create any specialized cells in the
human body e.g.: cells of the liver,skin,heart etc. This is one of the issues when organ transplant is
being conducted along with the issue of lack of organs in the organ transplantation market. In this
process the scientist who clones the child ensures that it gets that particular gene from the parent who
does not have the illness. Viruses can also be used to inject DNA into the nucleus of the cell. If this
were possible there would be a great advancement in medicine- people would no longer have to wait
for donors. Cloning has several advantages associated with it, but most of these advantages are still
being research and tested and after huge amount of expenditure on research and wastage of material,
scientists have resorted to the fact that cloning has failed to achieve its results in an effective manner.
According to him, permitting the conduct of one may lead to the conduct of the other; since research
cloning is allowed for therapeutic purposes, there is a tendency for a temptation to pursue
reproductive cloning for other purposes aside from giving a childless couple an offspring. In effect I
believe that cloning can have many advantages to an extent but human cloning shouldn't be allowed
because the sacrifices required are too great. In some situations this could lead to cancer and many
other dangers such as abnormalities in development and premature ageing. Human cloning has
always been frightening, seductive - and completely out o. Human Cloning Should be Permitted -
Human Cloning Should Popular Essays Excellent Essays Free Essays A-F Free Essays G-L Free
Essays M-Q Free Essays R-Z Essay. The egg is then implanted into a surrogate mother and then a
cloned baby is produced which is genetically identical to the donor. I believe Postrel's and
Krauthammer's issues are still relevant today since not much has happened in this area of research in
the past five years and it is still in progress. In this research the focus will not be cloning of animals
and plants, rather the focus will be on human cloning, types of human cloning and the advantages
and disadvantages associated with it. B. VISUAL CONVENTIONS (characteristics): Unique style
traits, methods and media. In the past few years, many people all over the world have read about the
cloned sheep called Dolly. Another benefit of cloning is that it can give couples that cannot
reproduce a chance to have children who are biologically related to them, whereas they otherwise
could not. The genes of cloned mice are severely compromised and aren't functioning properly.
This technique for replicates the activation provided by sperm is not completely correct, since only a
few electrically activated cells survive long enough to produce an embryo. The cell's DNA is then
removed and the egg is enucleated. Human cloning has significant potential psychological and
psychosocial harms. A report by the International Council of Nurses says that human cloning violates
an individual's right to their unique genetic dignity and identity (ICN, 1998). A sexually produced
organism will have a genetic make-up that is a combination of both of the parents. As the interview
ended, Dr. Harry stated, “With my experiences with embryo transfers, the limitations will make
cloning a very difficult process.”. Argument Against Human Cloning essays The idea of cloning
humans has always stirred debate, raising moral and ethical issues As research and experiments. We
use cookies to create the best experience for you. These techniques have been tested for many years
and most results are failures but people fear that one day cloning humans will be possible. The
Raelians believe that humans are created by aliens and are strong advocates of cloning. This will
drastically boost up your credibility and the reader would be convinced with your viewpoint. The
term cloning is even used in digital context when identical forms of software are produced. Keep on
browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. Research reveals that cloning
encompass generation of copies of DNA or of cells leading to the development of complete
organism. Research even proved that out of the total number of claves produced through cloning,
one out of every three has ended up dead and after they were cloned, they were abnormally very
huge (Sateesh 600). Human growth hormone is only active in humans therefore a hormone from
another species cannot be used in it's place, as in the previous treatment for diabetes when insulin
was not produced. Viruses can also be used to inject DNA into the nucleus of the cell. If certain
cloned subjects were tested, the experimental data would be more precise because of the loss of a
variable. As mood and intellect aren’t as important to mice and cows, for a healthy human, these are
very important. The rapid increase of population in cities made early man to think critically on how
to mitigate this challenge. If the embryo survives, it is allowed to grow for about six days, incubating
in a sheep's oviduct. Not all the clones genes will come from the donor, some of the genetic material
will come from the mitochondria of the new egg. To many people, the possibilities are endless but to
others, it seems like one of the biggest mistakes that man may have stumbled on throughout our
entire human existence. Even if cloning technique problems are resolved with time, many questions
remain. Would this type of genetic altering be acceptable in today’s society. He defines and contrasts
reproductive cloning and research cloning. Many religious groups and people believe that 'man
should not play god'. Attempts to clone other species have also been unsuccessful and very few
cloned animals have survived. Many years later, scientists would research and discover the
functionalities of the cellular structure, the nucleus, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and its
chemical composition hence the understanding of its messages. One of the major arguments offered
against human cloning is that it will undermine human individuality. In addition, therapeutic cloning
provides an opportunity to gain more knowledge about the renewed activity of faulty cells as well as
the much-needed insights to the cure of Alzheimer's, degenerative neuromuscular, Parkinson's, and
joint diseases (Coors, 2002).
Society has to be careful, as we don’t really know what cloning can really bring us. We use cookies
to create the best experience for you. Human Cloning Should be Permitted - Human Cloning Should
Popular Essays Excellent Essays Free Essays A-F Free Essays G-L Free Essays M-Q Free Essays R-
Z Essay. Thus genes play the most imperative role in cellular or biological implications (Smith).
Research even proved that out of the total number of claves produced through cloning, one out of
every three has ended up dead and after they were cloned, they were abnormally very huge (Sateesh
600). There has been a lot of controversy over whether these foods should be consumed or not.
Trade flourished with the use of the Galleons and Gutterberg's invention of the printing press where
books were made widely available, and Marco Polo's description of the world as well as Christopher
Columbus' discovery of the New World of the Americas were made known. Reproductive cloning is
one form of human cloning which is used to produce one or more than one individuals who are
genetically identical to each other. This project is still in the workings though and it is not known if
the doctors have actually began the process yet. They say that they have already cloned a human
child. His passion about his belief makes his argument effective. Argument Against Human Cloning
essays The idea of cloning humans has always stirred debate, raising moral and ethical issues As
research and experiments. There are also differences in mitochondria and uterine that makes the
person different. There are two types of cloning: natural cloning and artificial cloning. Download
Free PDF View PDF Should Human Reproductive Cloning be Banned. Postrel is more credible
because of her presentation of actual facts about cloning that it takes 71 eggs to produce a single
success and that it is even difficult to secure eggs in the first place. Art of this period is marked with
individualism and humanism, a balance between beauty and truth, and perfection is seen as spiritual
worth (Huber). This kind of cloning can be conducted in several forms, for example: cloning of
entire fragment of the gene can be conducted or a portion of the fragment of the DNA can be cloned
or certain sequences of the DNA can be cloned. Feel free to request to make it downloadable if you
want a copy. Conclusion The pros and cons of human cloning is a continuous process. Essay, term
paper research paper on Cloning Human Cloning The question of weather we should clone humans is
finally here Not only that. The term human cloning includes numerous methods that are used to
produce genetically identical copies of humans. Promoting human cloning for creating replicas
would aid in financial, ethical and social burden on the planet, but if the technology is used for
therapeutic purposes, it is going to relieve the sufferings of ailing individuals and thereby reducing
financial burden, treatment cost and other associated miseries. Another major question that continues
to be addressed is whether the clone will have the same type of behaviors and personalities as the
person who is cloned. This new organism has exactly the same genetic make-up as its parent and is
usually physically identical to its parent. Human Cloning is Immoral When Dollly the cloned sheep
hit the headlines in 1997, it literally displaced pop stars and politicians from the headlinesand front
pages of magazines and newspapers. Secondly, these clones seem to look quite healthy initially, but
soon they loose their health and several of them have died in a mysterious way. Some scientists
believe that this could lead to the engineering of people completely resistant to other diseases, like
AIDS and cancer, making society happier and healthier. A clone will not be exactly the same as the
original person. The somatic cell is then cultured in a media and the egg and the cell are fused
together by electricity.
With many complications, the task at hand will be difficult to accomplish but as technology has
proven, the possibilities are endless. The first experiments in cloning date back to 1885, when
German biologist Hans Driesch split two-cell sea urchin embryos. Essay, term paper research paper
on Cloning Human Cloning The question of weather we should clone humans is finally here Not
only that. US scientists are warning of a serious risk to human health after the discovery that
traditional varieties of major American food crops are widely contaminated by DNA sequences from
GM crops. Also a world of eugenics would cause a lot of genetic discrimination. The rapid increase
of population in cities made early man to think critically on how to mitigate this challenge. The
concept clone is obtained from an ancient Greek term called klon which was used to refer to the
procedure through which creation of plants took place from twig (MacKinnon 17). In my essay, I
will be discussing the topic of human cloning My opinion about this is that I am against the cloning
of humans Many people are against. Because they will not have the same environment and
experiences as the person from which they were cloned, a clone is more like a younger identical twin
with a personality all of its own. While both uses the same methods of development, the differences
are that reproductive cloning is when the scientists allow the embryo to grow into a living organism,
such as an anima, while therapeutic cloning is when the somatic cell is allowed to grow for
approximately two weeks and then cells that were grown inside, usually a human tissue or stem cells,
would be extracted. Research is going on for replacement cloning which is an amalgamation of
therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Even if cloning technique problems are resolved with time,
many questions remain. This reproduction through cloning is close enough to other common
reproduction and genetic-selection practices that it should not be treated any differently and given as
an option. The Possibility of Human Cloning Introduction The possibility of human cloning, raised
when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep. The major argument
supporting my belive is that it will undermine human individuality. When these gametes join, the new
organism begins to develop. Secondly, these clones seem to look quite healthy initially, but soon they
loose their health and several of them have died in a mysterious way. These organs can be used for
transplants and with scientists cloning organs from the own patient’s DNA there should be no
problem with immune rejection that can result with transplants from other sources. Why not help the
poor children and give them a home and shelter instead of cloning which is not yet proven to be safe
and effective. By using the method that scientists predict will soon be available, the recipient would
have no problem accepting the newly transplanted organ. The Black Death has ended and the
population was growing and a new wealthy middle class of merchants, bankers and trades people
had emerged. Scientists can only work with stem cells less than 14 days old to carry out research in
infertility, reproduction and congenial disorders. Stem cells are able to do this because they are able
to grow into any cell of the body and perform cell division to an extent that they are able to create
an organ. Another benefit of cloning is that it can give couples that cannot reproduce a chance to
have children who are biologically related to them, whereas they otherwise could not. Join our team
of reviewers and help other students learn. There is also gene therapy which benefits many people
because it helps to treat, cure or prevent certain diseases by means of altering a persons DNA. A few
years ago, five scientists volunteered their own genetic information to create five human embryos for
human clones. Many people do support cloning and whether the government makes laws against it or
not, it will most likely take place. By this means, the paper presents the ethical considerations of
reproductive human cloning, argues the significant causes of concern and brings into the picture a
nursing point of view on the subject of human cloning. In the past few years, many people all over
the world have read about the cloned sheep called Dolly.
The possibilities are endless when cloning is applied to the medical field and the future of medical
technology. I am still not sure about the plans to start cloning humans. Researchers believe that it is
unethical to destroy embryos that will eventually form children. e.g.: a cloned cow recently died
weeks after its birth with a huge abnormality in blood pressure. We could eventually lose that which
holds human societies together: the notion that all human beings are owed unconditional respect.'.
Considering the importance of human cloning the government has amended the decision and has
permitted cloning of human cells for therapeutic purposes. Many people do support cloning and
whether the government makes laws against it or not, it will most likely take place. Haretha Aydi
Access I.T Human Cloning Assignment Introduction: In this assignment, we are to choose a specific
subject and write out and argument with and against it. The technology could be used to overturn
heart attacks. But, with new technology, scientists are finding ways to create entire separate organs
and other tissues such as nerve or heart muscle cells without the creation of an entire person. Trade
flourished with the use of the Galleons and Gutterberg's invention of the printing press where books
were made widely available, and Marco Polo's description of the world as well as Christopher
Columbus' discovery of the New World of the Americas were made known. Even when all the
embryos are implanted in a human, they would have to be reduced to facilitate healthy growth of the
remainders. Decisions on whether or not your own DNA is replicated should be an issue that is
private and left up to individuals, not the government. Clones are normally generated to procure
therapeutic implications, used to study the development process, organogenesis, cause of disease, the
genetic basis of altered condition that is responsible for causing disease (Smith). Human cloning
provides a ray of hope for infertile couples. The ideas that are formed through science and the
discoveries stemming from those ideas are always done with the best interest of human kind in
utmost consideration. It these figures are hardly acceptable with animals, then for humans, it’s
absurd. Religion also has to be taken into consideration if we want to clone humans. Morally it is not
supported as the opponents believe that human beings cannot take the laws of mother nature in hand
and one cannot play the role of the Creator, God of the universe. There is a very high failure rate due
to many reasons. Human cloning is a term used to define the creation of a genetically similar copy of
a human being (MacKinnon 9). Because they will not have the same environment and experiences as
the person from which they were cloned, a clone is more like a younger identical twin with a
personality of its own. Its been suggested that with human cloning it would be possible “to toss
aside the uniqueness of humanity and trash the concept of human dignity” (Dr. Bohlin- “ The natural
limits to biological change”). It can also be used to track biological weapons and catch criminals. It
could be exploited for cosmetic and plastic surgery and to prolong the aging. Human Cloning is
Immoral When Dollly the cloned sheep hit the headlines in 1997, it literally displaced pop stars and
politicians from the headlinesand front pages of magazines and newspapers. We should also include
background information and carry out a research on that specific topic, lastly a conclusion should be
set out. Should parents choose the traits of a future child, as is possible with cloning. Thus genes
play the most imperative role in cellular or biological implications (Smith). Feel free to request to
make it downloadable if you want a copy. That practice raises several questions regarding the moral
status of the human embryo, when life becomes human, and if the early embryo can be categorized
as a human being worthy of all respect and dignity of a living human being.