QMS in Construction Projects

• Why health and safety and environment become most important factors for a PM on the site?
• Explain the hazards you will cater for during construction.
• Identify hazardous activities on an active site of a high-rise structure of more than 20 floors.
• Explain BIS codes you follow for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) &
Environmental Management System (EMS).

Group 4
Ruchita Dasgupta | Ashray Gangully | Rika Meshram
BEM 781 | BEM 769 | BEM 772

School of Planning and Architecture

New Delhi
 Contents

1. Health, Safety and Environment in

Construction Projects
2. BIS Codes for OHSAS and EMS
3. Case Example- Vatika Tranquil
Heights, Gurugram
Importance of Health, Safety and Environment in PM

■ medical care, rehabilitation, compensation insurance, pensions

payable in the case of fatalities and ancillary rework result in increase
01 PROJECT COST
in project cost.
■ business cost on timeline can be saved.

■ healthy and safe workplace complements productivity, quality and

environment of work in construction activities.
02 PRODUCTIVITY
■ Implementing health and safety measures can enhance working
efficiency of work force on construction site.

PROJECT ■ hazard on site can lead to a huge loss in working hours and also
03 SCHEDULE mean that workers are unhappy within their job roles.
Importance of Health, Safety and Environment in PM

■ Incorrect health and safety procedures implemented by PM means

LEGAL the team is not following clauses stated in contract or as/ labour law.
04 IMPLICATION ■ No casualties, non-violation of codes and strict measures establishes
the credibility of PM

PROJECT ■ Successful project goals for a PM include environmental

05 GOALS sustainability.

■ a safe working environment ensured through limiting the number of

EFFICIENT subcontractors can establish effective communication and
06 COMMUNICATION information transfer.
■ Better interface sets better roll-up safety reporting.
Hazards to cater during Construction

FACTORS CAUSES

Working at height ○ Lack of guardrails and unguarded openings,

○ Inadequate edge protection,
○ Unsecured ladders or scaffolding,
○ Loose tools and/or improperly stored materials on roofs/elevated walkways

Moving objects ○ Untidy and cluttered work areas that hinder safe manoeuvring
○ Lack of warning lights/beepers on moving vehicles and intersections
○ Poorly lit work areas
○ Working close to moving objects
○ Collision with mobile elements

Slips, trips and falls ○ Improper work area management

Noise ○ Improper hearing protective gear, hearing protectors, unable to hear a warning
call or not fitting properly with other PPE
Hazards to cater during Construction

FACTORS CAUSES

Hand arm vibration ○ Prolonged uses handheld power tools

syndrome

Material handling ○ Manual materials handling during lifting, holding, carrying, lowering, etc.

Unintended collapses ○ Falling into an excavation.

○ Collapse of excavation edge due extra loads are applied.
○ Undermining the integrity of nearby structures.

Unsafe construction ○ Asbestos in ceiling tiles, thermal paper and wall plaster, etc
and handling ○ Dust caused by stone masonry, rubble and general site clean-up
materials ○ Toxic fibres caused while laying carpet, inhaling paints, varnishes, etc.
○ Dusts caused during woodwork.

Electricity ○ Electrocution accidents

Exhaustion ○ Lack of social amenities such as drinking water, sanitation, etc.

Hazardous activities in high rise structure

■ Falling waste from above ■ Unsafe material handling

■ Individual falling and trips,
■ Electrical shock
■ Crane and hoist operation
accidents
■ Failure to use personal protective
equipment
■ Failure to follow safety procedures
■ Poor housekeeping
■ Improper guarding of equipment,
platform
■ Improper illumination, ventilation
■ Unsafe design and construction
BIS Codes for OHSAS and
EMS

● Occupational Health Safety

Assessment Series (OHSAS) - ISO
45001: 2018 and ISO 14489:2018
● Environmental Management System
(EMS) - ISO 14001:2015
Environmental Management System
BIS code for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OSHAS)
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

What: World’s first International Standard for occupational health and safety (OH&S). It provides a
framework to increase safety, reduce workplace risks and enhance health and well-being at work,
enabling an organization to proactively improve its OH&S performance.

Aim: The aim is:

● to prevent work related injury and ill health to workers
● to provide safe and healthy workplaces
● for the organization to eliminate hazards and
● to minimize OH&S risks by taking effective preventive and protective measures.

Outcomes: The intended outcomes of an OH&S management system include:

● continual improvement of OH&S performance;
● fulfilment of legal requirements and other requirements;
● achievement of OH&S objectives.
BIS code for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OSHAS)
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

Core Clauses
1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms of Definition
4. Context of organization
5. Leadership and worker
These clauses provide a background to the standard with information
in terms of definition.
This clause sets out the requirements for the organization to define
the ‘Scope’ of the system, and the subsequent planning of the
system.

participation
6. Planning These clauses identify OSHA processes to be
7. Support established,implemented and maintained including understanding
of the policy framework, identification of hazards, management
8. Operation control of risks and worker participation.
9. Performance evaluation
10.Improvement
BIS code for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OSHAS)
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

The PDCA concept is an iterative process used by organizations to achieve continual improvement.

PLAN
ACT
Determine and assess OH&S risks, OH&S
take actions to continually improve the opportunities , establish OH&S objectives and
OH&S performance to achieve the processes necessary to deliver results in
intended outcomes. accordance with the organization’s OH&S policy

PDCA
CYCLE

CHECK DO
monitor and measure activities and processes Implement the processes as planned
with regard to the OH&S policy and OH&S
objectives, and report the results
BIS code for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OSHAS)
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use
Different Methodologies of Auditing
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

● RBT requires the Management Team to continually assess the

Risk Based Thinking (RBT)
issues that affect OH&S aspects of an organization
● RBT ensures that appropriate targets, resources and controls
are in place.
1st Part-Internal Audit
● RBT empowers organizations to make dynamic changes to their
objectives and focus, whilst at the same time ensuring that
Audit Planning resources are in place to control changes and unforeseen
circumstances.

Walk through Audits

2nd party- External Audits

3rd Party-Certification Audits

Different Methodologies of Auditing
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

● Internal audits are taken at a moment in time to determine if

Risk Based Thinking (RBT)
policies and practices are effective and achieving the intended
aim.
● Goal is to identify positive evidence of conformity including
1st Part-Internal Audit
compliance obligations.
● Through inspection and observation they may identify
Audit Planning improvement opportunities and non-compliance in breach of
the management standard.

Walk through Audits

2nd party- External Audits

3rd Party-Certification Audits

Different Methodologies of Auditing
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

Risk Based Thinking (RBT)

● Through risk based thinking a series of audits can be scheduled

1st Part-Internal Audit
to focus areas of higher risk and to engage with identified
groups of workers.
● The organization determines the frequency of audits.
Audit Planning
● Along with operational aspects the plan must cover core
processes including compliance obligations, management
Walk through Audits review and documented information.

2nd party- External Audits

3rd Party-Certification Audits

Different Methodologies of Auditing
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

Risk Based Thinking (RBT)

1st Part-Internal Audit

Audit Planning ● A less formal approach

Walk through Audits
2nd party- External Audits
● This may be conducted by senior leadership or at operational
level.
● To inspect areas of the organization to pre-determined
questions.
● Opportunity to engage with workers, promote communication
and build a positive safety culture within the organization.

3rd Party-Certification Audits

Different Methodologies of Auditing
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

Risk Based Thinking (RBT)

1st Part-Internal Audit

Audit Planning

Walk through Audits

● Usually conducted by customers or organizations/regulators on
their behalf, to ensure the organization complies with legal
2nd party- External Audits requirements.
● It is a useful way to substantiate an organization OH&S claim, to
gather first-hand information and contact with workers prior to
3rd Party-Certification Audits commitment to a formal business relationship.
Different Methodologies of Auditing
ISO 45001: 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements with guidance for
use

Risk Based Thinking (RBT)

1st Part-Internal Audit

Audit Planning
Walk through Audits
2nd party- External Audits
3rd Party- Certification
Audits
● Conducted by accredited certification bodies in compliance of the
ISO 45001 OH&S standard.
● Depending on the number of employees, sites, risk and
complexity of the organization, the certification body will determine
the number of audit days required to cover the full scope of the
standard.
● Prior to certification, the organization may consider a gap analysis
conducted by either consultant or certification body to identify
gaps against the OH&S standard.
BIS code for Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OSHAS)
ISO 14489:2018 Code of Practice on Occupational Safety and Health Audit

What: The standard establishes audit objectives, criteria and practices and provides guidelines for
establishing, planning, conducting and documenting of audits on occupational safety and health
systems at workplace.

Aim: The aim is:

● to prevent work related injury and ill health to workers
● to provide safe and healthy workplaces
● for the organization to eliminate hazards and
● to minimize OH&S risks by taking effective preventive and protective measures.

Outcomes: Checklist for formulating a comprehensive Audit Report with 32 key components.
Key Components
ISO 14489:2018 Code of Practice on Occupational Safety and Health Audit

ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATION HYGIENE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

PROTECTION POLICIES & MONITORING & RECORD CENTRE (OHC )
STANDARDS KEEPING

FIRST AID ERGONOMICS SAFETY TRAINING

PPE EFFLUENT DISCHARGES WASTE MANAGEMENT

CAPITAL PROJECTS & NEW CONTROL OF EMISSIONS TO

PROCESSES CONTRACTORS ATMOSPHERE

INTERNAL SELF INSPECTION SAFETY PROMOTION & EMPLOYEE / SUPERVISOR

PUBLICITY SAFETY CONTROL

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING SECURITY

BIS code for Environmental Management System (EMS)
ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management System

Environmental Management System- ISO 14001:2015 sets out the criteria for an Environmental Management System
(EMS). It does not state requirements for environmental performance, but maps out a framework that a company or
organization can follow to set up an effective EMS. It provides a framework that an organization can follow, rather than
establishing environmental performance requirements.

At the highest level, ISO 14001:2015 covers the following topics with regard to environmental management systems:

● Context of the organization

● Leadership
● Planning
● Support
● Operation
● Performance evaluation
● Improvement
Developing an Environmental Management System - Plan

● Step 1: Define Organization's Goals for EMS

The first step in EMS planning is to decide why you are pursuing the development of an EMS. Are you trying
to improve your environmental performance (e.g., compliance with regulations or prevent pollution)?

● Step 2: Secure Top Management Commitment

One of the most critical steps in the planning process is gaining top management's commitment to support
EMS development and implementation. Management must first understand the benefits of an EMS and what
it will take to put an EMS in place.
Developing an Environmental Management System - Plan

● Step 3: Select An EMS Champion

Not all small or medium-sized organizations have the luxury of choosing among multiple candidates, but
your choice of project champion is critical. The champion should have the necessary authority, an
understanding of the organization, and project management skills.

● Step 4: Build An Implementation Team

A team with representatives from key management functions (such as engineering, finance, human
resources, production and/or service) can identify and assess issues, opportunities, and existing processes.
Include contractors, suppliers or other external parties as part of the project team, where appropriate.
Developing an Environmental Management System - Plan

● Step 5: Hold Kick-Off Meeting

Once the team has been selected, hold a kick-off meeting to discuss the organization's objectives in
implementing an EMS, the initial steps that need to be taken and the roles of team members. If possible, get
top management to describe its commitment to the EMS at this meeting.

● Step 6: Conduct Preliminary Review

The next step is for the team to conduct a preliminary review of your current compliance and other
environmental programs/systems, and to compare these against the criteria for your EMS (such as ISO
14001:2015)
Developing an Environmental Management System - Plan

● Step 7: Prepare Budget and Schedule:

Based on the results of the preliminary review, prepare a project plan and budget. The plan should describe
in detail what key actions are needed, who will be responsible, what resources are needed, and when the
work will be completed. Keep the plan flexible, but set some stretch goals. Look for potential "early
successes" that can help to build momentum and reinforce the benefits of the EMS.

 Step 8 Secure Resources, Assistance

The plan and budget should be reviewed and approved by top management. In some cases, there may be
outside funding or other types of assistance that you can use (from a trade association, a state technical
assistance office, etc.)
Developing an Environmental Management System - Plan

● Step 9: Involve Employees

Ownership of the EMS will be greatly enhanced by meaningful employee involvement in the EMS
development process. Employees are a great source of knowledge on environmental, and health and safety
issues related to their work areas as well as on the effectiveness of current processes and procedures.

● Step 10: Monitor and Communicate Progress

As you build the EMS, be sure to regularly monitor your progress against the goals and project plan, and
communicate this progress within the organization. Be sure to communicate the accomplishments that have
been made and describe what happens next.
 Vatika Tranquil Heights,
Gurugram

SITE AREA 11.2 acre

BUILT UP AREA 79445 sqm
NO. OF TOWERS 8
High rise 2 (G + 39)
136m
High rise 1 (G + 32)
115m
Mid rise 3 (G + 13) 52m
Mid rise 2 (G + 9) 37m
CLUBHOUSE 1 block
BASEMENT 2 nos.
 Occupational Health and Safety System: Framework
Inputs

4.1 Understanding Determining internal and external issues within the builder’s organization
the organization and relevant to the purpose and their ability to affect the intended outcomes.
its context
Vatika Group of Housing
4.0 Context or Organization

4.2 Understanding Determining: a) stakeholders relevant to OS&H management -

the needs and Architects,consultants,contractors, (b) the needs and expectations of stakeholders
expectations of and (c) legal needs related to OH&S management
workers,other
interested parties

4.3 Determining the Establishing the scope by addressing the internal and external issues,needs and
scope of OH&S requirements,enlist the work breakdown structure(activities,products,services and
management tools) within the organizations control.
system

4.4 OH&SA Establish,implement, maintain and continually improve the OH&S management
management system
system
 Occupational Health and Safety System: Framework
Inputs Processes Outcomes

4.1 Understanding Adherence to the plan

the organization and and codes of OH&S
its context
Vatika Group of Housing

Eliminating hazards and

4.0 Context or Organization

4.2 Understanding reducing OH&S risks at

the needs and site
expectations of
workers,other Management of change
interested parties process to enhance
OH&S at work,by
minimizing the
4.3 Determining the
introduction of new
scope of OH&S
hazards.
management
system
Organizational
4.4 OH&S management review &
management Continual improvement
system
 Environmental Management System: Process

Environmental Policy

Environmental Aspects Legal Permits

Communication Integrated
Documentation Key elements assessment
Document control program
Record management
Rework criteria Measures for compliance Structure
Training
Monitoring &
Operational control
measurement
Environmental management program Emergency planning
& response

Management review

Inferred from Brookhaven National Laboratory (2000), “Site Environmental Report)

Environmental Management System: Key Elements

HEALTH AND SAFETY SAFETY COMMITTEE ENVIRONMENTAL

POLICY PROTECTION

ON SITE MOVEMENT WORKING AT HEIGHTS PPE

MATERIAL HANDLING & MATERIAL, EQUIPMENT & HYGIENE OF WORKFORCE

STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICITY AND FIRE HAZARD EMERGENCY & DISASTER

ILLUMINATION CONTROL

MANAGEMENT OF WASTE & NOISE ASSESSMENT & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &

FLAMMABLE MATERIALS CONTROL SAFETY AUDIT
Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

PRE Health & Safety 1. Shall be stated in contract and issued to various
CONSTRUCTION Policy management teams in a language understood.
2. Policy to include procedure for investigation and reporting
of accidents / dangerous occurrences.

Safety committee 1. Composition of employee / management in compliance

with state regulation or with IS 45001 certification.
2. Establish schedule & documented review.
3. Establish operating procedure for hazardous activities.

Permits 1. Environmental clearance, fire clearance,etc.

Environmental 1. Establishment of environmental policy to fulfil GRIHA

Protection criterion.

Safety training 1. Training of managers / supervisors for health, safety and

security of workforce.
Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

SITE On Site movement 1. Site Clearance and laying of site with internal roads.
PREPARATION 2. Installation of signage/light/mirror at intersection.

Material, 1. Establishment of storage at site (temporary shed or open

Equipment and storage) with clear demarcation as per codes.
Technology 2. Size as per maximum demand / procurement method.

Personal Protective 1. Establishment of site office with storage for PPE (safety
Equipment (PPE) helmet, goggles, ear plugs, gloves, mask, face shield, etc.).
2. Size as per maximum demand / procurement method.

Illumination 1. Laying of temporary electrical cables for setting up lights.

Hygiene of 1. Establishment of drinking water and sanitation facilities at

Workforce (Social site office.
amenities) 2. Establishment of labour hutment with basic facilities.
3. Occupational health center with provision of first aid.
Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

SITE Environmental 1. Compliance with GRIHA - high barricading around the

PREPARATION Protection construction area, wheel washing, water sprinkling on fine
aggregate, proper exhaust for diesel generator, etc.
2. Preservation of top soil.
3. Establishing waste management plan with segregation of
waste for on-site/off-site recycling.
4. Establish ground water recharge pits for drainage of water
during construction at identified locations on site.
5. Establishment of effluent treatment plants.
Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

EXCAVATION On Site movement 1. Demarcation of movement of mechanical excavators

according to working arm length.
2. Allocation of parking spaces for dumpers.

Material, 1. Placing of excavated earth directly in dumper with minimum

Equipment and scope of manual handling.
Technology

PPE 1. Issue of appropriate PPE to all workforce from site office.

Unintended 1. Excavation edge to be maintained as per slope marked in

collapse drawing with a working platform at every 3m height (as
issued by site / structure engineer).
Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

SUBSTRUCTURE On Site movement 1. Provision of ramps (as per drawing) with warning
sign/signal at intersection.

Material, 1. Setting up of batching plant with pumps for concreting.

Equipment and 2. Setting up of steel yard with certified cut and bend
Technology machinery for bar bending.
(including erection 3. Ply board shuttering with adjustable steel hoists for
and guarding) minimum deviation during erection and casting.

PPE 1. Issue of appropriate PPE to all workforce from site office.

Working at Heights 1. Provision of guard rails along excavation edge.

2. Provision of guard rails along lift pits and trenches.
Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

SUPER Material, 1. System shuttering used for G + 33 and G + 39 towers and

STRUCTURE AND Equipment and ply board shuttering used for G + 9 and G + 13 towers.
FINISHING Technology 2. Setting up of monkey crane for G + 9 and G + 13 as
(including erection instructed by EIC (phase wise erection).
and guarding) 3. Setting up of tower crane for G + 33 and G + 39 as per
structure drawing (phase wise erection).
4. Erection shall be in compliance with safety codes (ISO
12480-3:2016 and/or IS 13367-1 (1992) and IS 807 (2006).
5. Scaffolding and ladders with guard rails or safety nets for
external finishes (IS 3696-1 (1987).

Working at Heights 1. Provision of guard rails along edges in balcony, lift pit, etc.
2. Provision of safety nets every 6th floor.

Illumination 1. Provision of adequate working light on all floors.

Health, Safety and Environment: Measures of compliance

SUBSTRUCTURE, PPE 1. Issue of appropriate PPE to all workforce from site office.
SUPER
STRUCTURE AND Electrical 1. All equipment have electrical leakage circuit breaker.
FINISHING 2. All cables, switches, fuse distribution boards properly
demarcated and identifiable.

Permits 1. Permits for scaffolding, electrical, excavation, welding, etc.

Fire hazard 1. Issue of comprehensive fire evacuation procedure.

2. Procedure for control, handling, storage & use of flammable
materials.
3. Installation of extinguishers.

Emergency and 1. Issue of “On Site Emergency Plan & Disaster Control
Disaster control measures" procedures for Emergencies such as leakage of
gas, spillage of Chemical & big fire.
Thank You