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Addition of simple carbohydrates into the culture medium tends to lower the value of oxi- dation-
reduction potential (or the Eh value). We have tried to explore a cost effective, green and read- ily
reproducible approach for the purpose of scaling up and subsequent downstream processing. An
attempt has been made to find out the effect of temperature on the morphology as well as particle
size and to optimize the value of temperature for stable smaller sized particles. The optical, structural
and morphological properties at different oxidation temperatures were studied using UV-Vis-NIR
spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field-enhanced Scanning Electron Microscopy (FeSEM).
Use of ZnO NPs produced using present green and low cost protocol based devices could prove to
be an effec- tive step towards mitigation of the menace. 5. CONCLUSIONS The present
biosynthesis meth od is a green low cost ap- proach, capable of producing ZnO NPs nearby room
temperature. Keywords: ZnO Nanoparticle; Biosynthesis; Nanobiotechnology; Eco-friendly; H 2 S
Adsorption 1. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis shows an increase of dispersion
stability with the increase in ZnO content. An effort to understand the nano-transformation
mechanism of bio- synthesis has also been made. Microbes exhibit a natural capability to adapt to
changes in their environ- ment. In yet another tube instead of adding the source culture solution,
sterile distilled water containing nutrients was pooled and this was treated as control. A large
quantity of hydrogen sulfide is liberated in gas and petroleum industries and has been considered as
a major pollutant. Individual nanoparticles having the size of 5-15 nm are found. The pH of the
control tube was noted to be 8-9 in 5 dif- ferent set of experiments. Inset: Williamson-Hall plot for
ZnO NPs. Table 1. The crystal data and refinement factors of ZnO NPs obtained from X-ray powder
diffraction data. Zinc acetate is used as a precursor material in this case. The Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) images showed that the nano inclusions are uniformly distributed in the LDPE
matrix. In precipitation method, the zinc nitrate solution is drop into aqueous sodium hydroxide,
NaOH as precipitating agent. The presence of (100), (002) and (101) planes in the XRD graphs
strongly indicates that ZnO has wurtzite structure even under as-synthesized conditions. OPEN
ACCESS 130 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles
Pharmaceutical grade Lactic acid Bacillus spore tablets (SporeLac DS, Sanyko Pharmaceuticals,
Japan) were procured and two tablets were dissolved in 50 mL sterile distilled water containing
standard carbon and nitrogen source. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. To browse Academia.edu and the
wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The
photocatalytic degradation mechanism studied using specific radical scavengers corroborates the
synergy between both semiconductors in the composite and evidences a Z-scheme mechanism to
explain the electron transfer. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. We find that
these interactions result in the physical adsorptions of BTEX gases with adsorption distances larger
than 2 A. INTRODUCTION Nature by dint of its diversity provides exponential pos- sibilities in
terms of endearing adaptability of its con- stituent cohorts. In order to understand the change in
some physical properties of PVA film due to ZnO dispersion, the prepared films were subjected to
UV-Vis-NIR spectral, photoluminescence spectral and electrical (both DC and AC) measurements.
The value of ? 2 comes out to be equal to 3.16, which may be considered to be very good for
estimations. Next day, the pH was taken and found to be in the range of 4-5 in case of cul- ture
solution and 7 in case of control. The non-pathogenic, gram positive, mesophilic facultative anaerobe
Lactobacillus, commonly used for curdling of milk forms part of the beneficial community of
microbes present in the human intestinal tract.
The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The TEM image also projected the average
particle size in the range of 20-30 nm and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) further verified
the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Cosmetic industries can bank
upon this product in order to synthesize sunscreen lotions etc., which would be done in the
immediate fu- ture. In resend years the research areas is developing new type organic materials by
varies type of additional functional group are added to backbone of PPV structural material resulting
additional properties given that’s organic material, in addition to that another way research is
composite material preparation. An appearance of starch like haziness in solution and white
deposition at the bottom of the tube was perceived as an indication of commencement of
transformation. Next day, the pH was taken and found to be in the range of 4-5 in case of cul- ture
solution and 7 in case of control. Symbols repre- sent the observed data points and the solid lines
their Rietveld fit. The degree of absorption was assessed directly through the change in colour of
lead acetate solution (from clear solution to black). TheE2lowmode involves mainly Zn atoms
motion in the unit cell and theE2highmode is associated to oxygen motion. We explain this relation
by using one of the sensing mechanism within the ionosorption model. You can download the paper
by clicking the button above. The obtained precipitated compound was treated at different
temperatures. XRD results show that the prepared films have a polycrystalline in nature. In order to
understand the change in some physical properties of PVA film due to ZnO dispersion, the prepared
films were subjected to UV-Vis-NIR spectral, photoluminescence spectral and electrical (both DC
and AC) measurements. The crystal phase and structural parameters of each prepared ZnO samples
such as interplanar spacing, crystallite size, dislocation density, micro strain were determined by X-
ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for different crystallographic planes. The presence of (100), (002) and
(101) planes in the XRD graphs strongly indicates that ZnO has wurtzite structure even under as-
synthesized conditions. We find that these interactions result in the physical adsorptions of BTEX
gases with adsorption distances larger than 2 A. The photocatalytic properties of the resulting visible
light-responsive photocatalysts are also covered in relation to the water treatment, i.e., regarding the
photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds and inorganic pollutants, as well as photocatalytic
disinfection. Surface morphology was studied by SEM which indicates that the nanoparticles are of
spherical shape with size less than 100 nm. To each of these tubes, 20 mL of Zinc Chloride solution
was added. A large quantity of hydrogen sulfide is liberated in gas and petroleum industries and has
been considered as a major pollutant. This review summarizes the recent progress in the design and
fabrication of visible light-responsive photocatalysts via various synthetic strategies, including the
modification of traditional photocatalysts by doping, dye sensitization, or by forming a
heterostructure, coupled with p-conjugated architecture, as well as the great efforts made within the
exploration of novel visible light-responsive photocatalysts. Firstly, ZnO seed layer was pre-
deposited onto the SLG substrate by the thermal evaporation method. The ZnO structural and optical
properties are studied as a function of the urea concentration in the growth solution. The ZnO
nanostructures obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic
Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDAX).The ZnO powders have
hexagonal wurtzite structure and nanometric-sized crystallites. The particle size and band gap of
ZnO nanoparticles were estimated and effect of concentration on it was investigated. Technical
sciences SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES
Olga Semeshko In the present work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by direct
precipitation method in aqueous solution using zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide as
precursors. Large area growth of these nanoparticles is also observed with uniform size distribution.
The synthesis is performed akin to room tem- perature in five replicate samples.
The structural and textural characteristics of manufactured samples were characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron
microscopy combine electron dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and UV-vis spectroscopy. An
attempt has been made to find out the effect of temperature on the morphology as well as particle
size and to optimize the value of temperature for stable smaller sized particles. The photocatalytic
efficiency of a 0.1:1 mixture of Cu2O nanoparticles with 2D ZnO showed that the degradation rate
was faster than those of individual ZnO nanocomposites and bulk nanoparticles, respectively. An
effort to understand the nano-transformation mechanism of bio- synthesis has also been made. The
degree of absorption was assessed directly through the change in colour of lead acetate solution
(from clear solution to black). Results obtained in the present study indicate an increase of optical
extinction coefficient, UV absorption, absorption edge wavelength, PL wavelength and electronic
conductivity and a decrease of refractive index, optical band gap and dielectric constant due to ZnO
dispersion. Large area growth of these nanoparticles is also observed with uniform size distribution.
The synthesized nanoparticles could be applied in the treatment of industrial waste water. The
calculated rate constants (k, min?1) for degradation under solar lig. Firstly, ZnO seed layer was pre-
deposited onto the SLG substrate by the thermal evaporation method. We have tried to explore a
cost effective, green and read- ily reproducible approach for the purpose of scaling up and
subsequent downstream processing. The chemical reactions whic h proceed in the culture medium
may be as follows: (Lact ate) (Pyruvate) ). (. 336 12 6 COOHOHCHCHCOOHCCH OHC. Next day,
the presence of Lactobacillus was confirmed under an optical microscope. The tubes were allowed to
incubate in the laboratory ambience for an- other 9 hours, after which di stinctly markable coalescent
white clusters deposited at the bottom of all the tubes except in control. The difference in particle
size is possibly due to the fact that the nanoparticles are be- ing formed at different times. They are
time consuming, capital intensive and re- quire trained manpower. During this process, the oxidation
temperatures were varied in the range of 450 oC to 650 oC annealed for 3 hours. Therefore, com-
pared to other techniques, the present procedure is less expensive more reproducible, emphatically
non-toxic and a truly green approach. Individual nanoparticles having the size of 5-15 nm are found.
To fabricate a ZnO solution which dipped on substrate and spin coating treatment, zinc acetate and
triethanolamine (TEA) with NaOH were used as solvents and stabilizer materials, respectively. The
measurement of size was carried along the diameter of the particles. Schematic showing the
mechanism for the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs. The particle size and band gap of ZnO nanoparticles
were estimated and effect of concentration on it was investigated. Therefore, an urge to develop
green synthesis pro- tocols which goes in consonance with the above men- tioned stipulations is need
of the hour. Background information on the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis, the
pathways of visible light-responsive photocatalysis, and the unique features of visible light-
responsive photocatalysts are presented. Application of Ag on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has
caused e its greater degradation efficiency. Keywords: ZnO Nanoparticle; Biosynthesis;
Nanobiotechnology; Eco-friendly; H 2 S Adsorption 1. Surface morphology was studied by SEM
which indicates that the nanoparticles are of spherical shape with size less than 100 nm. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. A remarkable decrease in the transmission values is observed by increasing the pH from
2 to 9.
As per specification, each tablet was capable of producing 120 million spores of the bacterium. The
Raman spectra present four main peaks associated to the modesE2high, (E2high-E2low),E2lowand
an unidentified vibrational band observed at 444, 338, 104 and 78 cm-1. The catalytic reuse tests
show that the presence of the ZnO nanocomposite avoids the typical corrosion of Cu2O. Application
of Ag on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has caused e its greater degradation efficiency. We have
tried to explore a cost effective, green and read- ily reproducible approach for the purpose of scaling
up and subsequent downstream processing. The pH of this source culture solution was observed to
be equal to 3. The photocatalytic efficiency of a 0.1:1 mixture of Cu 2 O nanoparticles with 2D ZnO
showed that the degradation rate was faster than those of individual ZnO nanocomposites and bulk
nanoparticles, respectively. TheE2lowmode involves mainly Zn atoms motion in the unit cell and
theE2highmode is associated to oxygen motion. The catalytic reuse tests show that the presence of
the ZnO nanocomposite avoids the typical corrosion of Cu 2 O. Freshly prepared H 2 S was allowed
to pass through the equal quantities of bulk ZnO and ZnO NPs (5 gm each) for a fixed span of time
(30 min.) and flow of gas was suitably regulated. Next day, the presence of Lactobacillus was
confirmed under an optical microscope. Inset: Williamson-Hall plot for ZnO NPs. Table 1. The crystal
data and refinement factors of ZnO NPs obtained from X-ray powder diffraction data. Symbols
repre- sent the observed data points and the solid lines their Rietveld fit. The obtained precipitated
compound was treated at different temperatures. They are gram positive (a thick pepti- doglycan cell
wall) bacteria showing facultative anaero- bic properties, which probably make them suitable can-
didate microorganism for biosynthesis of metal as well as oxide nanoparticle. The oxida- tion-
reduction potential expresses the quantitative char- acter of degree of aerobiosis having a designated
unit expressed as rH 2 (the negative logarithm of the partial pressure of gaseous hydrogen). The
presence of (100), (002) and (101) planes in the XRD graphs strongly indicates that ZnO has wurtzite
structure even under as-synthesized conditions. XRD results show that the prepared films have a
polycrystalline in nature. In resend years the research areas is developing new type organic materials
by varies type of additional functional group are added to backbone of PPV structural material
resulting additional properties given that’s organic material, in addition to that another way research
is composite material preparation. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), absorption spectra, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with EDAX. The
photocatalytic efficiency of a 0.1:1 mixture of Cu2O nanoparticles with 2D ZnO showed that the
degradation rate was faster than those of individual ZnO nanocomposites and bulk nanoparticles,
respectively. X- ray dif raction pattern exhibit the polycrystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite
structure having the preferred orientation along (002) plane. The results showed that the product is a
material comprised of layered hybrid 2D ZnO with cubic Cu 2 O nanoparticles. The ternary
nanocomposite demonstrated about 99.05% and 97.38% degradation efficiencies for CV and RhB
dyes under solar light irradiation in a time period of 105 min. O (Glu cose) ?? ?? 33 HCONaNaHCO
23 COOHHCO. It is found that the size of the ZnO NPs estimated using TEM analysis to be in
fairly good agreement with the size estimated by the Williamson-Hall approach. 3.2. Adsorption
Study Figure 3 shows the experimental setup to assess the ad- sorption capacity of synthesized ZnO
NPs as well as bulk ZnO. NPs obtained from XRD data are depicted in Table 1. Firstly, ZnO seed
layer was pre-deposited onto the SLG substrate by the thermal evaporation method. A possible
involved mechanism for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles has been pro- posed. Oxidation of the
methylene blue consumes photo efficiently, blocking the electron-hole recombination and thus,
increasi scavenger of the photogenerated electrons.
Use of ZnO NPs produced using present green and low cost protocol based devices could prove to
be an effec- tive step towards mitigation of the menace. 5. CONCLUSIONS The present
biosynthesis meth od is a green low cost ap- proach, capable of producing ZnO NPs nearby room
temperature. A two-dimensional phase diagram is constructed which identifies stable surface
structures as a function of the copper and oxygen chemical potentials. To browse Academia.edu and
the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The
photocatalytic activities of the composites were investigated for photodegradation of methylene blue
solution as models’ pollutant under sunlight irradiation. To browse Academia.edu and the wider
internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. This review
summarizes the recent progress in the design and fabrication of visible light-responsive
photocatalysts via various synthetic strategies, including the modification of traditional
photocatalysts by doping, dye sensitization, or by forming a heterostructure, coupled with p-
conjugated architecture, as well as the great efforts made within the exploration of novel visible
light-responsive photocatalysts. The measurement of size was carried along the diameter of the
particles. In this work, unmodified, free-standing particles, namely zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium
dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) are blended directly with
LDPE, and the optical properties of the fabricated films are compared to those of films made using
the granulation process. The oxida- tion-reduction potential expresses the quantitative char- acter of
degree of aerobiosis having a designated unit expressed as rH 2 (the negative logarithm of the partial
pressure of gaseous hydrogen). The obtained ZnO nanoparticles could give an apparent quantum size
confinement effects and PL results show that ZnO nanoparticles could give good luminescence
properties. Besides, according to the international environmental regulations, H 2 S contained in the
acid gases should be effectively removed before its release to atmosphere. Lactobacilli strain,
cultured from spores an effort has been taken for synthe- sizing ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in the
present work. In yet another tube instead of adding the source culture solution, sterile distilled water
containing nutrients was pooled and this was treated as control. The degree of absorption was
assessed directly through the change in colour of lead acetate solution (from clear solution to black).
These nanoparticles can be used as a source layer for the extraction of electrons in heterojunction
organic solar cells. EDAX confirm the chemical composition of zinc oxide. We find that these
interactions result in the physical adsorptions of BTEX gases with adsorption distances larger than 2
A. The value of ? 2 comes out to be equal to 3.16, which may be considered to be very good for
estimations. The results showed that the product is a material comprised of layered hybrid 2D ZnO
with cubic Cu2O nanoparticles. The ZnO-NPs were characterized by a number of techniques,
including X-ray diffraction analysis, transition electron microscopy, and field emission electron
microscopy. We explain this relation by using one of the sensing mechanism within the ionosorption
model. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis shows an increase of dispersion
stability with the increase in ZnO content. By controlling rH 2 of the nutrient medium, conditions
can be engineered for the growth of anaerobes in the presence of oxygen by low- ering the rH 2, and
also by cultivating the aerobes in an- aerobic conditions by increasing the rH 2 of the medium. Figure
3. Experimental set up to study adsorption of H 2 S by ZnO NPs. The non-pathogenic, gram positive,
mesophilic facultative anaerobe Lactobacillus, commonly used for curdling of milk forms part of the
beneficial community of microbes present in the human intestinal tract. You can download the paper
by clicking the button above. To fabricate a ZnO solution which dipped on substrate and spin
coating treatment, zinc acetate and triethanolamine (TEA) with NaOH were used as solvents and
stabilizer materials, respectively. The surface morphology results revealed the formation of hexagonal
shaped ZnO on top of the seed layer as a result of heterogeneous nucleation. Therefore, an urge to
develop green synthesis pro- tocols which goes in consonance with the above men- tioned
stipulations is need of the hour. The ternary nanocomposite demonstrated about 99.05% and 97.38%
degradation efficiencies for CV and RhB dyes under solar light irradiation in a time period of 105
min. An effort to understand the nano-transformation mechanism of bio- synthesis has also been
made.
TEA was utilized as a polymer agent to terminate the growth of ZnO-NPs. The results show that
corona-embedded ZnO nanoparticles could be obtained by SBS-OH micelles in polar solvent DMF.
You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The difference in particle size is possibly
due to the fact that the nanoparticles are be- ing formed at different times. The crystal phase and
structural parameters of each prepared ZnO samples such as interplanar spacing, crystallite size,
dislocation density, micro strain were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for different
crystallographic planes. The catalytic reuse tests show that the presence of the ZnO nanocomposite
avoids the typical corrosion of Cu 2 O. X- ray dif raction pattern exhibit the polycrystalline nature
with hexagonal wurtzite structure having the preferred orientation along (002) plane. The non-
pathogenic, gram positive, mesophilic facultative anaerobe Lactobacillus, commonly used for
curdling of milk forms part of the beneficial community of microbes present in the human intestinal
tract. Symbols repre- sent the observed data points and the solid lines their Rietveld fit. In order to
understand the change in some physical properties of PVA film due to ZnO dispersion, the prepared
films were subjected to UV-Vis-NIR spectral, photoluminescence spectral and electrical (both DC
and AC) measurements. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that the nano
inclusions are uniformly distributed in the LDPE matrix. In resend years the research areas is
developing new type organic materials by varies type of additional functional group are added to
backbone of PPV structural material resulting additional properties given that’s organic material, in
addition to that another way research is composite material preparation. Lactobacilli strain, cultured
from spores an effort has been taken for synthe- sizing ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in the present
work. Results obtained in the present study indicate an increase of optical extinction coefficient, UV
absorption, absorption edge wavelength, PL wavelength and electronic conductivity and a decrease
of refractive index, optical band gap and dielectric constant due to ZnO dispersion. The obtained
precipitated compound was treated at different temperatures. The tubes were allowed to incubate in
the laboratory ambience for an- other 9 hours, after which di stinctly markable coalescent white
clusters deposited at the bottom of all the tubes except in control. Zinc acetate is used as a precursor
material in this case. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please
take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. ZnO chemical stoichiometry
was determined by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SEM images are in agreement with
the XRD results that films with zinc acetate and triethanolamine (TEA) with NaOH using spin
coating have a rough surface, that make ZnO thin film a promising material to solar cells and o. This
review summarizes the recent progress in the design and fabrication of visible light-responsive
photocatalysts via various synthetic strategies, including the modification of traditional
photocatalysts by doping, dye sensitization, or by forming a heterostructure, coupled with p-
conjugated architecture, as well as the great efforts made within the exploration of novel visible
light-responsive photocatalysts. A remarkab le change in pH was ob- served at this stage (6.0 to 7. 5)
excluding control (8 to 9). ABSTRACT A low-cost, green and reproducible probiotic microbe (
Lactobacillus sporogens ) mediated biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is reported. OPEN ACCESS
130 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Pharmaceutical
grade Lactic acid Bacillus spore tablets (SporeLac DS, Sanyko Pharmaceuticals, Japan) were
procured and two tablets were dissolved in 50 mL sterile distilled water containing standard carbon
and nitrogen source. A two-dimensional phase diagram is constructed which identifies stable surface
structures as a function of the copper and oxygen chemical potentials. The ex- periment was pursued
as five replicates and each gave approximately the same result. We have tried to explore a cost
effective, green and read- ily reproducible approach for the purpose of scaling up and subsequent
downstream processing. An appearance of starch like haziness in solution and white deposition at the
bottom of the tube was perceived as an indication of commencement of transformation. A remarkable
decrease in the transmission values is observed by increasing the pH from 2 to 9.
Small quantity of NaHCO 3 was added in culture solution until it attains pH 6. Surface morphology
was studied by SEM which indicates that the nanoparticles are of spherical shape with size less than
100 nm. The XRD analysis and Raman scattering reveal that ZnO deposited thin films showed
hexagonal polycrystalline phase wurtzite type. The pH of the control tube was noted to be 8-9 in 5
dif- ferent set of experiments. In order to understand the change in some physical properties of PVA
film due to ZnO dispersion, the prepared films were subjected to UV-Vis-NIR spectral,
photoluminescence spectral and electrical (both DC and AC) measurements. You can download the
paper by clicking the button above. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The
degree of absorption was assessed directly through the change in colour of lead acetate solution
(from clear solution to black). It was observed that the presence of bulk ZnO blackens the solution
(due to formation of lead sulfide) within 5 min- utes, while ZnO NPs does the same in 25 min. To
browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to
upgrade your browser. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Next day, the
presence of Lactobacillus was confirmed under an optical microscope. The surface morphology
results revealed the formation of hexagonal shaped ZnO on top of the seed layer as a result of
heterogeneous nucleation. It can be seen that the profiles for observed and calculated one are
perfectly matching. This review summarizes the recent progress in the design and fabrication of
visible light-responsive photocatalysts via various synthetic strategies, including the modification of
traditional photocatalysts by doping, dye sensitization, or by forming a heterostructure, coupled with
p-conjugated architecture, as well as the great efforts made within the exploration of novel visible
light-responsive photocatalysts. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that the nano inclusions are uniformly distributed in the
LDPE matrix. Results obtained in the present study indicate an increase of optical extinction
coefficient, UV absorption, absorption edge wavelength, PL wavelength and electronic conductivity
and a decrease of refractive index, optical band gap and dielectric constant due to ZnO dispersion.
The ZnO structural and optical properties are studied as a function of the urea concentration in the
growth solution. Therefore, an urge to develop green synthesis pro- tocols which goes in consonance
with the above men- tioned stipulations is need of the hour. Surface morphology and microstructural
characterization of the particles are carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering
(DLS), grain size and crystal structure using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An effort to understand the nano-transformation mechanism of bio-
synthesis has also been made. The photocatalytic activities of the composites were investigated for
photodegradation of methylene blue solution as models’ pollutant under sunlight irradiation. The
non-pathogenic, gram positive, mesophilic facultative anaerobe Lactobacillus, commonly used for
curdling of milk forms part of the beneficial community of microbes present in the human intestinal
tract. Individual nanoparticles having the size of 5-15 nm are found. Keywords: ZnO Nanoparticle;
Biosynthesis; Nanobiotechnology; Eco-friendly; H 2 S Adsorption 1. The cul- ture solution was
allowed to incubate on room tempera- ture overnight. The synthesis is performed akin to room tem-
perature in five replicate samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis shows an
increase of dispersion stability with the increase in ZnO content. Addition of simple carbohydrates
into the culture medium tends to lower the value of oxi- dation-reduction potential (or the Eh value).