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l
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m m mm m iliml ii
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h h
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t Zr(impure)+2I t tttphpttttpp 2  h h→t hhtt 4 t t p
t p t t t t t
t t t tttphpttttpp
hh h hh h hht hh hh hh hh h
b ebb 1800bK b Zr(pure)+2I b b
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of reactions used in refining Zirconium. This method
t tphsttptps
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tpht ps t p t t
p ht ht ht h t t
p
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b e4bb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
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w w evwiwe
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e/t/a
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(d) Van
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h t tptphsttpt ht tpt ht tpt h t tphttp
h t tphst tptps
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h h A h h h hht h h h h h h h h
b b b ebb b ebb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
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v i i
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r
u uvavriuruvi a r rulvaruruv
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ar lial
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lamil lial ar lial
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mm m m
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m m
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m m m . m m . . m m m m
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p sstpp pp sttpp ttpp sstpp
t t s s :://ss::/
p sst:p:pss: pp sst:p:pss:
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tt t t tt -t (iii), (2) - (i), (3)hht-t h(ii), t
h (4) - (iv) httttphphttttp p p
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(B) (1)
h h h h h
(C) (1) - (ii), (2) - (i), (3) - (iv), (4) - (iii)
bb b b bbeebb bbeebb e e bbeebb bbeebb bbeebb
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( D ) (1) -
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iw
(3) - (i), (4) - (ii)
iw
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v v u uu u v v u
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la a rrulualarruthe followinglaa:rriulualarr
l i l
i alarrilialar r ruuarruu
a la a rrulualarru
l l
iim Emulsioni i i i
imm (i) Whipped m m mCream
m a
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l i il l iimiil
m m aa//ttaam
m (1) m a m
m ttaea//ttaa ttaea//tt a mmtaam m
/ /ttaea//tta(2)
a Gel / / eem / / e / t
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eem e eem e (ii) Ink
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t . .mm/tt..m (3) Foamtt..mm//tt..m (iii) //tt.Cream .m/m///tt..m . m
. m t . . m tt..mm/tt..mm t .
t mm/tt..mm
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ss (4) Sol s
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(iv) Butter :
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t ttphpttttpp
t t tt th h h tt h t t p
t p t t t t t
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hh h (a) hh(1)h - (iv), (2) - (iii), (3) - (ii), (4) - (i)
hht hh hh hh
(b) (1) - (iii), (2) - (i), (3) - (ii), (4) - (iv)
b eb b b ebb(2) - (i), (3) - (iv), b e(4)b b eb b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b (c) (1) -eb(ii), e b e - (iii) w e w e e b e b
i
w w evwiwe
i vi w e w e
iw-viwi(iii), (2) - (iv), (3)viwi -viw w e i w
uv vi i
wuvviw i
i
w w evwiw
i
e
vi iwviwi e iwv
w e w
vi v rulvaruruv rulvaruruv urialarur uvavriuruv rulvaruruv ruvru
(d) (1) (i), (4) - (ii)
uriualvaruru a r
ialmilia
u l ar
iamila
u i i i
a l
l mil
ar r
u
larilial ar u
ialmilia ila ila
l i l m i l m li
iamma i l
m 4. /a
mtam &ÂÀ Põn¨£k®
taem/DNA
t/ a /ataem/t/atam ¤›ªiß Põµ[PÒ /ataem/t/at :
t
am
t amm /at /at amm t/ atam tam/tam
t t e / /a
t ee/t t
e/mee/ e/ e /
. m etem/me
. (A) ø\m÷hõ]ß . m etem
.
/me
©ØÖ® øu¯ªß t m. m/e.tm. me
m e e/m
. m e . m . m etem.
: /t/.st:m/:/t/. : / t/.st:m/:/t/. s /:/t/.s:/:/t t/ . . /t/.tm
tm:
.
: /t/.tm/:/t/.tm //t.m//t. : / t/.st:m/:/t/.
/ / : :/
s:/tpss:/ / s : /
t p
s:
tphsttptps (B) ø\m÷hõ]ß
tp
s:
tphst tptps ©ØÖ® tAiøÚß ptphsttptps t ps t p t t
p psst:ptps: tpst:ps tpt pss:tptps tp
hht h h ht h h ht h h t tpht
h ht h ht ht ht h ht hht ht h
(C) ø\m÷hõ]ß ©ØÖ® ²µõ]À h h
b ebb (D) ø\m÷hõ]ß b ebb ©ØÖ® SÁõøÚß b ebb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b eb eb e w e w e e b eb
i
w w evwiwe
i vi w e
iwviwi w e
vi w e
iwviwi w
uv vi i
wuvviw i
wi w evwiwe
i v i iwviwi e iwvei
w e w
uvavriuruv The
a r rulvaruruv
u
pyrimidine bases
a r rulvaruruv
u
present in DNA are
i l ar urialarur
:
r
u uvavriuruv a r rulvaruruv ruvru
u
a ialmilia Cytosine and ilThiamine
(a)
l l
iamila i i a
l mil ialarilial lialmilia ila ila
i m m l
iamm i
mam Cytosine and
tt aem/t/at(b) m
taem/t/ataAdenine /ataem/t/at
am
amm amm tam tam/tam
e/ / a e/ /
t a
e e e/ t
m e e/ t/at e/ t/at
/
e t/at e/ t/a / e e/ t/ate
e .m/t/e.tm .m/t/.tm e e .m/t/e.tm
/.tm.m/t/e.tm .m (c) Cytosine / .tm m Uracil
.and
/t/.tm :
.
tm. m/e.tm. me
/.tm.m/t/e.tm
.m .mt.m
t /.tm .m
s: /:p/sts:/: (d) Cytosine
s : /:/psts:/: and Guanine ps s:/t:pss:/ s: /:/t/.s:/:/t s: /:p/sts:/: s://s:// s : /:/psts:/: s
tptphsttpt ps
tpt ht tpt t
tphttp tphst tptps tptphsttpt ttp ttp ps
tpt ht tpt ttpht
h t ht h t h t p h t ht
h h A h h h hht h [ h h h
v¸¨¦P / h Turn over h h h
b b b ebb b ebb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b e b eb e b e w e w e e b eb
i w evwiwe v i
w weviwiw e
vi wi e
wviwi w vi i viw
w uv
i
i w evwiwe v i
w weviwiwe iw
w i w i
r
u uvavriuruvi a r rulvaruruv
u ar rulvaruruv
u l ar uriualvarur r
u uvavriuruvi a r r
u uvaruruv ruvru
ar lial
i i lialmilia i lialmilia m i i
lamil lial ar lial
i i lialmilial ila ila
mm m mam am am i m m
tam/atam /atam/at t/at t/at ammtam tam/atam amtam
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ee w w w i ww i i ee w
iwvviw
vvriuw iw vviwiwvviiw vvriuw
iwvvii uu vvruiuvv viwiwvviw iw vviwiwvviiw
u u
rrlualarr u u uu
rrlalar u rrilala r v
uuarruu rruuaarruu
aar a
ilima
l ii l
iimaa
l ii i lal
imma i i
rr
lialailila a
ilima l
l i il
mm m m
m m m
m mmtaam
t//taea//ttaa t//taea//ttaa //ttaea//ttaa aammtaamm
tte//t aa
/e/ ee//t
tt //ttae
eem e eem e eem e /
eem e/ e e e
t ..mm tt.. m tt.mm/tt..m
. //t..m/m//tt..m
t ..mm t .. m tt..m/m//tt..mm tt..m/m//tt..mm
// t / // // // / / / : : / tt /
// ::/// t //
//ss::/ //
:://ss::/
ss:://ss::/ 4722 ss:://ss:: ss :: ss
pp 4 : /
: / s ss: : ss
ttttphpttttpp ttttphpttttpp hh ttttphphtttt t t
t ppststttpps
t t ttphpttttpp
t ttttphpttttpp
hh h 5.
h
J¸hh}›¯ Pøµ\¼ß pH ©v¨¦ §ä⯮hhGÛÀ, hh A¢u Pøµ\À hh : h hh h
(A) |k{ø»zußø© öPõshx
bbeebb bbeebb Aª»zußø© bbeebb eebbeebb bbeebb bbeebb
ee ee e e
iw
e
iwvviw
e
iw
(B) ]ÔuÍÄ
ivwiwvviw
iw v iwvviw
iw iwöPõshx
vv iwvviw
iw iw iw
e
iwvviw
e
iw iwvviw
iw iw
v v v u
rrulualarru v v v
v
riulualarruu a rruu
(C)rruuPõµzußø© öPõshx rrulualarruu l aa
v
rrulualarruu rrulualarru u
i a
il)im l a
laiiAvP
l Aª»zußø© l ii öPõshx miimmii
a
ilima l a
ilim a
l ii l
iimiia
l a
(D mm m ma
m
/ /
m mm
/ttaa pH of an aqueous
ttaea/The / ttaea//ttaa solution is zero.
/ / / e
a
ttaea//ttThe solution isttaa:m/mttaam / /ttaa//ttaam
m m
eem e(a) Neutral eemme eem
m eem// ee/ eemee eem
m m . mm . . m m m m
m m
.. t . .
/:://s/tst::////t (b) Slightly
m
.. //tt
/:://s/tst::/acidic
/
..
:
. t
///s/tst::////
:
t
/ ./ .m/m//tt..m
t t / //
m .
t/ t.:.////tt. / /
/ /tt.:.////tt..
p sstpp (c) Basic pp sstpp ttppsstpp
t t s s :://ss::/
p sst:p:pss: pp sst:p:pss:
p
tt t t t
tt tt acidic hhtt hh t ttphpttttp p p
tttthhttt tttthhttt
hhtt hht (d) h htt hh
Strongly
hh ht t h h h h
bb b b 6. ¥ÚõÀ |k{ø» bbeebb ö£º›U S÷Íõøµkhß bbeebb ÂøÚ¦›¢x e e bbeebb u¸® {Ó® b:b bb bbeebb
ee e e e e ee w w w i w w ee e e e e
v v iwiwvviw iw (A) Ahº
vviw iwvviw iw £aø\ {Ó® vviw iwvviiw
u uu vvriuiuvvi v v i w
i wvviw iw vv iwiwvviw
u
iw
uaarruu u
rru
rruluala]Á¨¦ {Ó® aarrulualarr u alarrilialar uuarruu rrulualarru
(B)
lala i i i l l i i i l
i a a r r l a la
iimiila
l iim imm m m mm iliml i il
/ /
m m (C)
ttaea//ttaa
m GÆÂu {Ó•®
//
m m
ttaea//ttaa
E¸ÁõÁvÀø»
//ttaea//tt
e
aa
t a
t ammtaam
/ t / t
/ aa//ttaam
t
m m
//tt
eem e (D) Fuõ {Ó® eem e eem eem/ / ee / e e e e ee
t . .mm/tt..m On reactingtt..mm/with t ..m neutral Ferric
t / t
/ ..m/m//tt..m
t . m
. m t . . m tt..mm/tt..mm t .
t mm/tt..mm
.
: :
t
///s/s::// / : : /
//s/s::// /
ss
/
::/ss:: / Chloride, Phenol
: // t
//t:://// t
gives :
: /
//s/s:://
:
/ : ://ss::///
/ /
ss ss green colour ttppttttpp :
sstppss s
pptstttpp ss
t ttphpttttpp
t
(a) Dark
t ttphpttttppcolour
t h h tt hh t t p
t p t t t ttt t t tttphpttttpp
hh h (b) hh hRed
(c) No colouration hht hh hh hh hh h
b ebb
(d) Violetb colour
b b b ebb eb b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b e b e e b e w e w e e b e b
i
w w evwiwe
i vi w e
iwviwi w e
vi w w e
i viwi w
uv vi i
wuvviw i
i
w w evwiw
i
e
vi wiwviwi e iwv
e w
vi v uruv2−(CH2 )4−CHla2r− rulvNH uruv2 GßÓ ÷\º©zvß urialarur IUPAC ö£¯º ur:uvviuruv rulvaruruv ruvru
.. ..
uvaCH
uriualvaruru
7. H2 Nr−
ar u l r u i ar i
a l ar ar ar u
l (A) i lialmiliaöí¨÷hß-1, 7- i liam i
øh¯«ßla (B) m i m il
l öíU\õö©zv½ß lialarøh¯«ß
i lial i lialmilia ila ila
m mtam m am iamm amm
/
t taem/(C)
a t/ a öíU÷\ße-1, /
t taem/6-
a /
t atam A«ß e/ /atDae)m/t/at öíU÷\ß-1,/at6-
t
( amm / t
a
øh¯«ß t/at t/ atam tam/tam
etem/me etm/me m/e.tm. me t e/t
..e/me e e/mee/ e/ e etem/
. m . . m . .. m
t . m e . m . m . m .
: /t/.st:m/:/t/. IUPAC name :/ t/.st:m/:for
/t/. the amine Hs2/:N/t/.s− : / /t 2−(CH2 )4−CH/.2tm
:CH t
.−/t/NH
: .tm. 2
: /t/.tm/:/t/.tm //t.m//t. : / t/.st:m/:/t/.
/ / : : /
s:/tpss:/ diaminepss: ps: / s st:ps : /
t p
s:
tphsttptps (a) Heptane-1,
t pt pss:tptps 7-diaminetps p
tp ht t tps (b) Hexamethylene
t ps p t t
p pt p t t
p pss:tptps tp
t 6-amine ht h tpht t t t
t ht t hht ht h
hht hh
6-diamine ht ht h
hht h
(c) Hexane-1, (d) Hexane-1,
h h
h h t h h h h
b ebb 8. ö©õzu©õP eb b ebb9650 T¿®PÒ eb b b
b eªßÞmhzøu¨
e e b w e ebb
bö£ØÖÒÍ G»UmµõßPÎß
b ebb eb b ebb
w e b
evwiwe GsoUøP e
iwviwi w e : e
iwviwi w e i w
wuvviw i w e b
evwiwe iwviwi e iwvei
e w
i
w i vi w vi w uv vi i
w i v i w
uvavriuruv (A)
a r u uruv
rulvar6.022×10 22
a r rulvaruruv
u (B)ar6.22×10
i l urialarur 23
r
u uvavriuruv a r rulvaruruv ruvru
u
a lialmilia 6.022×10−34iliamila l i i a il
l m6.022×10 i
a larilial lialmilia ila ila
i(C) m ( Dm ) 24
l
iamm i
mam
tt aem/t/atThe taem/t/atam that havee/t/ataaem/total
am
t/at Charge of /9650 amm amm tam tam/tam
e/ / a number of e/t/a
electrons
e e m e e/ t t
a e/ /
t t
a Coulombs is /
e t
:/at e/ t/a / e e/ t/ate
e .m/t/e.tm .m/t/.tm e e .m/t/e.tm
/.tm.m/t/e.tm .m (a) 6.022×10 /.tm .m22
/ /
t tm
. :
. (b) 6.22×10me.me
tm.
23
/ t
. m /.tm.m/t/e.tm
.m .mt.m
t /.tm .m
/:p/sts:/: /:/psts:/: s:/t:pss:/ (d) 6.022×10 :/t/.s:/:/t /:p/sts:/: s://s:// /:/psts:/: s
(c) 6.022×10 −34 24
s: p s s : t ps s: / s: p ss :
h t tptphsttpt ht tpt ht tpt h t tphttp
h t tphst tptps
p h t tptphsttpt ttp ttp ht tpt ht tpt ttpht
h h A h h h hht h h h h h h h h
b b b ebb b ebb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b e b e b eb e w e w e e b eb
i w evwiwe v i
w weviwiw e
v i i
w e
wviwi w vi i viw
w uv
i
i w evwiwe v i
w weviwiwe iw
w i w i
r
u uvavriuruvi a r rulvaruruv
u a r rulvaruruv
u l ar uriualvarur r
u uvavriuruvi a r r
u uvaruruv ruvru
ar lial
i i lialmilia i lialmilia m i i
lamil lial ar lial
i i lialmilial ila ila
mm m mam am am i m m
tam/atam /atam/at t/at t/at ammtam tam/atam amtam
 bbeebb ee bbee ee bee eewwee bbeebb ee bbee
ee w w w i ww i i ee w
iwvviw
vvriuw iw vviwiwvviiw vvriuw
iwvvii uu vvruiuvv viwiwvviw iw vviwiwvviiw
u u
rrlualarr u u uu
rrlalar u rrilala r v
uuarruu rruuaarruu
aar a
ilima
l ii l
iimaa
l ii i lal
imma i i
rr
lialailila a
ilima l
l i il
mm m m
m m m
m mmtaam
t//taea//ttaa t//taea//ttaa //ttaea//ttaa aammtaamm
tte//t aa
/e/ ee//t
tt //ttae
eem e eem e eem e /
eem e/ e e e
t ..mm tt.. m tt.mm/tt..m
. //t..m/m//tt..m
t ..mm t .. m tt..m/m//tt..mm tt..m/m//tt..mm
// t / // // // / / / : : / tt /
// ::/// t //
//ss::/ //
:://ss::/
ss:://ss::/ ss:://ss:: ss :: ss
pp : /
: / s ss: : ss
ttttphpttttpp ttttphpttttpp hh ttttphphtttt t t
t ppststttpps
t t ttphpttttpp
t ttttphpttttpp
hh h hh h hh hh hh h hh h

bb b b bbeebb bbeebb e e bbeebb bbeebb bbeebb

ee e e ee eew w w i ww ee ee
vv iwvviw
iw iw vv iwvviw
iw iw vv iwvviiw
iw
u u u vvriuiuvvi vvi w
i wvviw
iw vviwiwvviw
u
iw
u
rrulualarru rrulualarr u alarriliala r uuarruu rrulualarru
riulualarruu l
iima
l a i i i l a
l
imm a i i i l
i aarr l l a l a
iimii
l a
i m
m m m ilim
l ii
m
//
m
m
ttaea//ttaa
m
//
m
m
ttaea//ttaa / / e
a
ttaea//tt a
ttaammtaam
/ t //ttaa//ttaam
m
m
eem e eem e eem
m eem// ee/ eemee eem
m m m . mm . . m m mm
m m
.. t . .
/:://s/tst::////t
m
.. t .
/:://s/tst::////t
.
:
. t
///s/tst::////
:
t
/ ./ .m/m//tt..m
t t / //
m .
t/ t.:.////tt. ////tt.:.////tt..
p sstpp ppsstpp ttppsstpp
t t ss:://ss::/
p sst:p:pss: ppsst:p:pss:
p
tt t t tt t t hhtt hh t p
ttphpttttp p
tttthhttt tttthhttt
hhtt hht hhtt hht hh h t t hh h h
bbeebb bbeebb bbeebb e e bbeebb bbeebb bbeebb
ee ee ee w w w i w w ee e e
vv
w
iwvviiw
iw vv iwvviw
iw iw v viwiwvviiw
u uu vvriuiuvvi v vi w
i wvviw iw vviwiwvviw
u
iw
ruu rru u uu r u alarrilialar rrulualarru
l
u
uaarru
liialariliala ilimalarrilialar ilim a a rrulualarruu la
iimiila
m m mm m iliml ii
/ /
mm
ttaea//ttaa
m
/ /
mm
ttaea//ttaa / ttaea//tt
/ e
aa
t a
t a mmtaam
/ t / t
/ aa//ttaam
t
m m
//tt
eem e eem e eem eem/ / e e / e e e e ee
t ..mm/tt..m t .
t mm/tt..m
. /t
/ t..m/m//tt..m . m
. m t . . m tt..mm/tt..mm t .
t mm/tt..mm
.
: :
t
///s/s::// / : : /
//s/s::// /
ss
/
::/ss:: /
: // t
//t:://// t : /
//s/s:://
:
/ : ://ss::///
/ /
ss ss p :
sstppss s
pptstttpp ss
t ttphpttttpp
t t ttphpttttpp
t h h ttttphphttttp t t p
t p t t t t t
t t ttttphpttttpp
hh h hh h hht hh hh hh hh h
b ebb b ebb b ebb eb b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b e b e b e w e w e e b e b
i
w w evwiwe
i vi w e
iwviwi w e
vi w w e
i viwi w
uv vi i
wuvviw i
i
w w evwiw
i
e
vi iwviwi e iwv
w e w
vi v
uriualvaruru ar rulvaruruv
u ar rulvaruruv
u i l ar urialarur r
u uvavriuruv ar rulvaruruv ruvru
u
l lialmilia l l
iamila i i a
l mil ialarilial lialmilia ila ila
i m i m l
iamm i
m
/ a
m
taem/t/atam /ataem/t/atam /ataem/t/at
t
am
t amm /at /at amm t/ atam tam/tam
t t e / /a
t ee/t t
e/mee/ e/ e /
. m etem/me
. . m
/me
etem
. t .
m m/e.tm. me
m e e/m
. m e . m . m etem.
: /t/.st:m/:/t/. : / t/.st:m/:/t/. s /:/t/.s:/:/t t/ tm
. . /t/.tm
:
.
: /t/.tm/:/t/.tm //t.m//t. : / t/.st:m/:/t/.
/ / : :/
s:/tpss:/ / s : /
t p
s:
tphsttptps tp
s:
tphst tptps t tphsttptps
p t ps t p tpt psst:ptps: tpst:ps tpt pss:tptps tp
hht h hht h hht h h t tpht
h h t h ht ht ht h ht hht ht h
h h
b ebb b ebb b ebb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b eb eb e w e w e e b eb
wi w evwiwe
i v
i w e
iwviwi w e
vi w e
iwviwi w
uv vi i
wuvviw i
i
w w evwiwe
i vi iwviwi e iwvei
w e w
uvavriuruv a r rulvaruruv
u a r rulvaruruv
u i l ar urialarur r
u uvavriuruv a r rulvaruruv ruvru
u
a lialmilia l l
iamila i i a
l mil ialarilial lialmilia ila ila
i m i m l
iamm i
m
tt aem/t/atam taem/t/atam /ataem/t/at
am
amm amm tam tam/tam
e/ / a e/t/a
e e e/ t
m e e/ t/at e/ t/at
/
e t/at e/ t/a / e e/ t/ate
e .m/t/e.tm .m/t/.tm e e .m/t/e.tm
/.tm.m/t/e.tm .m /.tm .m
/t/.tm :
.
tm. m/e.tm. me
/.tm.m/t/e.tm
.m .mt.m
t /.tm .m
s: /:p/sts:/: s : /:/psts:/: p ss:/t:pss:/ s: /:/t/.s:/:/t s: /:p/sts:/: s://s:// s : /:/psts:/: s
tptphsttpt ps
tpt ht tpt t
tphttp tphst tptps tptphsttpt ttp ttp ps
tpt ht tpt ttpht
h t ht h t h t p ht ht
h h h h h hht h h h h h h h h
b b b ebb b ebb e b b ebb b ebb b ebb
e b e b eb eb e w e w e e b eb
i w evwiwe v i
w weviwiw e
v i i
w e
wviwi w vi i viw
w uv
i
i w evwiwe v i
w weviwiwe iw
w i w i
r
u uvavriuruvi ar rulvaruruv
u ar rulvaruruv
u l ar uriualvarur r
u uvavriuruvi a r r
u uvaruruv ruvru
ar lial
i i lialmilia i lialmilia m i i
lamil lial ar lial
i i lialmilial ila ila
mm m mam am am i m m
tam/atam /atam/at t/at t/at ammtam tam/atam amtam
 bbeebb ee bbee ee bee eewwee bbeebb ee bbee
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