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Practico 2 Hormigon Preforado
Practico 2 Hormigon Preforado
PRÁCTICO N 2
Diseñar todas las vigas presforzadas con excentricidad constante y variable, que
se indican en la figura, todas están simplemente apoyadas en una longitud de 12
metros, con una carga viva de 500 kg/cm2. El diseño debe realizarse optimizando
las secciones, indicando además cual sección entre todas en la más óptima.
kg kg kg
γ ≔ 2500 ―― f'c ≔ 300 ―― qviva ≔ 500 ―― L ≔ 12 m
m3 cm 2 m2
Cuadro resumen
ΣAiyi
yi ≔ ――― = 49.224 cm ys ≔ h1 + h2 - yi = 20.776 cm
ΣAi
b2 ⋅ h 2 3 2
Ix2 ≔ ――― + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi2⎞⎠ = 526495.987 cm 4
12
b3 ⋅ h 3 3 2
Ix3 ≔ ――― + A3 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi3⎞⎠ = 597317.739 cm 4
12
Ix
Ws ≔ ―= 82842.842 cm 3
ys
Ix
Wi ≔ ―= 34965.193 cm 3
yi
L
Rviga ≔ qviga ⋅ ―= 6525 kg
2
kg kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b2 = 9 ―― qviva = 9 ――
cm cm
L
Rviva ≔ qviva ⋅ ―= 5400 kg
2
Para: x≔6 m
qviga ⋅ x 2
Mviga ≔ Rviga ⋅ x - ―――= 1957500 kg ⋅ cm
2
qviva ⋅ x 2
Mviva ≔ Rviva ⋅ x - ―――= 1620000 kg ⋅ cm
2
Cuadro resumen
Grafico en cm.
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
emax = 40.224 cm
C ≔ emax - S = 40.224 cm
x≔6 m
4 ⋅ C ⋅ x2
Y ≔ ――― - emax = 0 cm
L2
emax = 40.224 cm
P ⋅ emax = M
kg
q ≔ qviva + qviga = 19.875 ――
cm
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
q ⋅ L2
Pe ≔ ――― = 88939.134 kg Pe = 88.939 tonne
8 ⋅ emax
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -204457.78 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -204457.78 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
kg
Paso 8. Deflexiones E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 5 ―― Ix = 1721131.466 cm 4
cm 2
I ≔ Ix
5 q ⋅ L4
Δ ≔ ―― ⋅ ――= 1.559 cm
384 E ⋅ I
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 1.559 cm
48 E⋅I
ESTRUCTURAS DE HORMIGÓN PRESFORZADO Página 6 de 39
ANDRIUS PAUL LLUSCO ACHO
OCTAVO SEMESTRE COD. S6765-2
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 1.559 cm
48 E⋅I
Paso 9. Eficiencia
I
Ks ≔ ――= 8.038 cm
A ⋅ yi
I
Ki ≔ ――= 19.044 cm
A ⋅ ys
Ks + Ki
ε ≔ ――― = 0.387 Sección muy pesada !
ys + yi
Segunda sección
L ≔ 12 m
kg
qviva ≔ 500 ――
m2
kg
f'c ≔ 300 ――
cm 2
kg
γ ≔ 2500 ――
m3
b2 ≔ 15 cm h2 ≔ 40 cm A2 ≔ b2 ⋅ h2 = 600 cm 2 yi2 ≔ 35 cm
Cuadro resumen
ESTRUCTURAS DE HORMIGÓN PRESFORZADO Página 7 de 39
ANDRIUS PAUL LLUSCO ACHO
OCTAVO SEMESTRE COD. S6765-2
Cuadro resumen
ΣAiyi
yi ≔ ――― = 35 cm ys ≔ h1 + h2 + h3 - yi = 35 cm
ΣAi
b2 ⋅ h 2 3 2
Ix2 ≔ ――― + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi2⎞⎠ = 80000 cm 4
12
b3 ⋅ h 3 3 2
Ix3 ≔ ――― + A3 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi3⎞⎠ = 697500 cm 4
12
Ix
Ws ≔ ―= 42142.857 cm 3
ys
Ix
Wi ≔ ―= 42142.857 cm 3
yi
L
Rviga ≔ qviga ⋅ ―= 3600 kg
2
kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b1 = 3 ――
cm
L
Rviva ≔ qviva ⋅ ―= 1800 kg
2
Para: x≔6 m
qviga ⋅ x 2
Mviga ≔ Rviga ⋅ x - ―――= 1080000 kg ⋅ cm
2
qviva ⋅ x 2
Mviva ≔ Rviva ⋅ x - ―――= 540000 kg ⋅ cm
2
Cuadro resumen
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
emax ≔ yi - d'min = 26 cm
emax = 26 cm
C ≔ emax - S = 26 cm
x≔6 m
4 ⋅ C ⋅ x2
Y ≔ ――― - emax = 0 cm emax = 26 cm
L2
P ⋅ emax = M
kg
q ≔ qviva + qviga = 9 ――
cm
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
q ⋅ L2
Pe ≔ ――― = 62307.692 kg Pe = 62.308 tonne
8 ⋅ emax
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -259615.385 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -259615.385 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
kg
Paso 8. Deflexiones E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 5 ―― Ix = 1475000 cm 4
cm 2
I ≔ Ix
5 q ⋅ L4
Δ ≔ ―― ⋅ ――= 0.824 cm
384 E ⋅ I
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 0.824 cm
48 E⋅I
Paso 9. Eficiencia
I
Ks ≔ ――= 17.56 cm
A ⋅ yi
I
Ki ≔ ――= 17.56 cm
A ⋅ ys
Ks + Ki
ε ≔ ――― = 0.502 Sección óptima!
ys + yi
Tercera sección
L ≔ 12 m
kg
qviva ≔ 500 ――
m2
kg
f'c ≔ 300 ――
cm 2
kg
γ ≔ 2500 ――
m3
Cuadro resumen
ΣAiyi
yi ≔ ――― = 45.761 cm ys ≔ h1 + h2 - yi = 24.239 cm
ΣAi
b2 ⋅ h 2 3 2
Ix2 ≔ ――― + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi2⎞⎠ = 269053.639 cm 4
12
Ix
Ws ≔ ―= 31029.428 cm 3
ys
Ix
Wi ≔ ―= 16436.015 cm 3
yi
L
Rviga ≔ qviga ⋅ ―= 2587.5 kg
2
kg kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b2 = 3 ―― qviva = 3 ――
cm cm
L
Rviva ≔ qviva ⋅ ―= 1800 kg
2
Para: x≔6 m
qviga ⋅ x 2
Mviga ≔ Rviga ⋅ x - ―――= 776250 kg ⋅ cm
2
qviva ⋅ x 2
Mviva ≔ Rviva ⋅ x - ―――= 540000 kg ⋅ cm
2
Cuadro resumen
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
ESTRUCTURAS DE HORMIGÓN PRESFORZADO Página 16 de 39
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OCTAVO SEMESTRE COD. S6765-2
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
C ≔ emax - S = 36.761 cm
x≔6 m
4 ⋅ C ⋅ x2
Y ≔ ――― - emax = 0 cm emax = 36.761 cm
L2
P ⋅ emax = M
kg
q ≔ qviva + qviga = 7.313 ――
cm
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
ESTRUCTURAS DE HORMIGÓN PRESFORZADO Página 17 de 39
ANDRIUS PAUL LLUSCO ACHO
OCTAVO SEMESTRE COD. S6765-2
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
q ⋅ L2
Pe ≔ ――― = 35805.736 kg Pe = 35.806 tonne
8 ⋅ emax
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -207569.486 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -207569.486 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
kg
Paso 8. Deflexiones E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 5 ―― 752126.359 cm 4
IIx≔=Ix
cm 2
5 q ⋅ L4
Δ ≔ ―― ⋅ ――= 1.313 cm
384 E ⋅ I
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 1.313 cm
48 E⋅I
Paso 9. Eficiencia
I
Ks ≔ ――= 9.528 cm
A ⋅ yi
I
Ki ≔ ――= 17.988 cm
A ⋅ ys
Ks + Ki
ε ≔ ――― = 0.393 Sección muy pesada !
ys + yi
Cuarta sección
L ≔ 12 m
kg
qviva ≔ 500 ――
m2
kg
f'c ≔ 300 ――
cm 2
kg
γ ≔ 2500 ――
m3
b2 ≔ 15 cm h2 ≔ 40 cm A2 ≔ b2 ⋅ h2 = 600 cm 2 yi2 ≔ 35 cm
Cuadro resumen
ΣAiyi
yi ≔ ――― = 40.093 cm ys ≔ h1 + h2 + h3 - yi = 29.907 cm
ΣAi
b2 ⋅ h 2 3 2
Ix2 ≔ ――― + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi2⎞⎠ = 95560.7 cm 4
12
b3 ⋅ h 3 3 2
Ix3 ≔ ――― + A3 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi3⎞⎠ = 468757.716 cm 4
12
Ix
Ws ≔ ―= 37845.395 cm 3
ys
Ix
Wi ≔ ―= 28231.091 cm 3
yi
L
Rviga ≔ qviga ⋅ ―= 3037.5 kg
2
kg kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b3 = 3 ―― qviva = 3 ――
cm cm
ESTRUCTURAS DE HORMIGÓN PRESFORZADO Página 21 de 39
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OCTAVO SEMESTRE COD. S6765-2
kg kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b3 = 3 ―― qviva = 3 ――
cm cm
L
Rviva ≔ qviva ⋅ ―= 1800 kg
2
Para: x≔6 m
qviga ⋅ x 2
Mviga ≔ Rviga ⋅ x - ―――= 911250 kg ⋅ cm
2
qviva ⋅ x 2
Mviva ≔ Rviva ⋅ x - ―――= 540000 kg ⋅ cm
2
Cuadro resumen
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
ESTRUCTURAS DE HORMIGÓN PRESFORZADO Página 22 de 39
ANDRIUS PAUL LLUSCO ACHO
OCTAVO SEMESTRE COD. S6765-2
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
emax = 31.093 cm
C ≔ emax - S = 31.093 cm
x≔6 m
4 ⋅ C ⋅ x2
Y ≔ ――― - emax = 0 cm emax = 31.093 cm
L2
P ⋅ emax = M
kg
q ≔ qviva + qviga = 8.063 ――
cm
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
q ⋅ L2
Pe ≔ ――― = 46675.104 kg Pe = 46.675 tonne
8 ⋅ emax
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -230494.342 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -230494.342 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
kg
Paso 8. Deflexiones E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 5 ―― Ix = 1131857.639 cm 4
cm 2
I ≔ Ix
5 q ⋅ L4
Δ ≔ ―― ⋅ ――= 0.962 cm
384 E ⋅ I
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 0.962 cm
48 E⋅I
Paso 9. Eficiencia
I
Ks ≔ ――= 13.941 cm
A ⋅ yi
I
Ki ≔ ――= 18.689 cm
A ⋅ ys
Ks + Ki
ε ≔ ――― = 0.466 Sección óptima!
ys + yi
L ≔ 12 m
kg
qviva ≔ 500 ――
m2
kg
f'c ≔ 300 ――
cm 2
kg
γ ≔ 2500 ――
m3
b2 ≔ 15 cm h2 ≔ 40 cm A2 ≔ b2 ⋅ h2 = 600 cm 2 yi2 ≔ 35 cm
Cuadro resumen
ΣAiyi
yi ≔ ――― = 27.3 cm ys ≔ h1 + h2 + h3 - yi = 42.7 cm
ΣAi
b2 ⋅ h 2 3 2
Ix2 ≔ ――― + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi2⎞⎠ = 115574 cm 4
12
b3 ⋅ h 3 3 2
Ix3 ≔ ――― + A3 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi3⎞⎠ = 471671.25 cm 4
12
Ix
Ws ≔ ―= 22411.153 cm 3
ys
Ix
Wi ≔ ―= 35053.342 cm 3
yi
L
Rviga ≔ qviga ⋅ ―= 2812.5 kg
2
kg kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b3 = 1.25 ―― qviva = 1.25 ――
cm cm
L
Rviva ≔ qviva ⋅ ―= 750 kg
2
Para: x≔6 m
qviga ⋅ x 2
Mviga ≔ Rviga ⋅ x - ―――= 843750 kg ⋅ cm
2
qviva ⋅ x 2
Mviva ≔ Rviva ⋅ x - ―――= 225000 kg ⋅ cm
2
Cuadro resumen
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
C ≔ emax - S = 18.3 cm
x≔6 m
4 ⋅ C ⋅ x2
Y ≔ ――― - emax = 0 cm emax = 18.3 cm
L2
P ⋅ emax = M
kg
q ≔ qviva + qviga = 5.938 ――
cm
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
q ⋅ L2
Pe ≔ ――― = 58401.639 kg Pe = 58.402 tonne
8 ⋅ emax
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -311475.41 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -311475.41 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
kg
Paso 8. Deflexiones E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 5 ―― Ix = 956956.25 cm 4
cm 2
I ≔ Ix
5 q ⋅ L4
Δ ≔ ―― ⋅ ――= 0.838 cm
384 E ⋅ I
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 0.838 cm
48 E⋅I
Paso 9. Eficiencia
I I
Ks ≔ ――= 18.695 cm Ki ≔ ――= 11.953 cm
A ⋅ yi A ⋅ ys
Ks + Ki
ε ≔ ――― = 0.438 Sección muy pesada !
ys + yi
L ≔ 12 m
kg
qviva ≔ 500 ――
m2
kg
f'c ≔ 300 ――
cm 2
kg
γ ≔ 2500 ――
m3
b1 ≔ 60 cm h1 ≔ 70 cm A1 ≔ b1 ⋅ h1 = 4200 cm 2 yi1 ≔ 35 cm
b2 ≔ 36 cm h2 ≔ 40 cm A2 ≔ b2 ⋅ h2 = 1440 cm 2 yi2 ≔ 35 cm
Cuadro resumen
ΣAiyi
yi ≔ ――― = 35 cm ys ≔ h1 - yi = 35 cm
ΣAi
b2 ⋅ h 2 3 2
Ix2 ≔ ――― + A2 ⋅ ⎛⎝yi - yi2⎞⎠ = 192000 cm 4
12
Ix
Ws ≔ ―= 43514.286 cm 3
ys
Ix
Wi ≔ ―= 43514.286 cm 3
yi
L
Rviga ≔ qviga ⋅ ―= 4140 kg
2
kg kg
qviva ≔ qviva ⋅ b1 = 3 ―― qviva = 3 ――
cm cm
L
Rviva ≔ qviva ⋅ ―= 1800 kg
2
Para: x≔6 m
qviga ⋅ x 2
Mviga ≔ Rviga ⋅ x - ―――= 1242000 kg ⋅ cm
2
qviva ⋅ x 2
Mviva ≔ Rviva ⋅ x - ―――= 540000 kg ⋅ cm
2
Cuadro resumen
ϕ
d'min ≔ r + ―= 9 cm
2
emax ≔ yi - d'min = 26 cm
emax = 26 cm
C ≔ emax - S = 26 cm
x≔6 m
4 ⋅ C ⋅ x2
Y ≔ ――― - emax = 0 cm
L2
emax = 26 cm
P ⋅ emax = M
kg
q ≔ qviva + qviga = 9.9 ――
cm
q ⋅ L2
P ⋅ emax = ――
8
q ⋅ L2
Pe ≔ ――― = 68538.462 kg Pe = 68.538 tonne
8 ⋅ emax
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -248327.759 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
Para x: 6m
Pe Pe ⋅ emax Mviga Mviva kg
σs ≔ -―+ ―――- ――- ――= -248327.759 ――
A Ws Ws Ws m2
kg
Paso 8. Deflexiones E ≔ 2 ⋅ 10 5 ―― Ix = 1523000 cm 4
cm 2 I ≔ Ix
5 q ⋅ L4
Δ ≔ ―― ⋅ ――= 0.878 cm
384 E ⋅ I
2
5 Pe ⋅ emax ⋅ L
Δ ≔ ― ⋅ ――――= 0.878 cm
48 E⋅I
Paso 9. Eficiencia
I I
Ks ≔ ――= 15.766 cm Ki ≔ ――= 15.766 cm
A ⋅ yi A ⋅ ys
Ks + Ki
ε ≔ ――― = 0.45 Sección muy pesada !
ys + yi