ZOWA T LECTURER ND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY/QUANTITY

SURVEYING HARARE POLYTECHNIC CIVIL ENGINEERING

Shoring

Temporary supports applied to a building/structures that are in an unsafe condition till such a
time they have been made stable or to structures which might become unstable by reason
of work being carried out on or near them.
Common situations where shoring may be required:
 To give support to walls which are dangerous or likely to become unstable due to
subsidence, bulging or leaning.
 To avoid failure of sound walls caused by the removal of subjacent support such as
where a basement is being constructed near to a sound wall
 During demolition works to give support to an adjacent building or structure
 To support the upper part of wall during formation of a large opening in the lower
section of the wall
 To give support to a floor or roof to enable a support wall to be removed and replaced
by a beam
MATERIALS
 Structural softwood- Its strength to weight ratio compares favorably with that of
structural steel and its adaptability is superior to steel
 It is essential with all forms of shoring to build up the principal members from smaller
sections by using bolts and timer connectors, ensuring all but joints are well staggerd
to give adequate rigidity. This in effect is a crude form of laminated timber
construction
SHORING SYSTEMS

There are three basic shoring systems:

 Dead/Vertical shoring
 Raking shoring
 Horizontal/ Flying shoring

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DEAD SHORING
 Used to support loads which act vertically downwards
 In its simplest form it consists of a vertical prop or shore leg with a head plate, sole
plate and some means of adjustment for tightening and easing the shore.
 The usual arrangement is to use two shore legs connected over their heads by a
horizontal beam or needle.
 The loads are transferred by the needle to the shore legs and hence to a solid bearing
surface.
 It may be necessary to remove pavings and cut holes in suspended timber floors to
reach a suitable bearing surface; if a basement is encountered a third horizontal
member (transom) will be necessary since it is impracticable to manhandle a shore leg
through two storeys.

Sequence of operations for a successful dead shoring

Carry out site investigation to determine:
1. Number of shores required by ascertaining possible loadings and window positions
2. Bearing capacity of floors and soils
3. Location of underground services which may have to be avoided or bridged
 Fix ceiling struts between suitable head and sole plates to relieve the wall of floor
and roof loads. The struts should be positioned as close to the wall as practicable
 Strut all windows openings within the vicinity of the shores to prevent movement
or distortion of the opening.
 Cut holes through the wall slightly larger in size than the needles
 Cut holes through the ceilings and floors for the shore legs
 Position and level sleepers on a firm base, removing pavings if necessary
 Erect, wedge and secure shoring arrangements

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RAKING SHORING
 This shoring arrangement transfers the floor and wall loads to the ground by means of
sloping struts or rakers.Rakers should be positioned correctly so that they are capable
of receiving maximum wall and floor loads.
 The centre line of the raker should intersect with the centre lines of the wall or floor
bearing.
 One raker is required for each floor and ideally should be at an angle of 40-70 degrees
with the horizontal; therefore the number of rakers which can be used is limited to
three.
 A four storey building can be shored if an extra member (a rider) is added

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TYPICAL RAKING SHORE ARRANGEMENTS

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Operational sequence:
1. Carry out investigation
2. Mark out and cut mortices and housings in wall plate
3. Set out and cut holes for needles in external wall
4. Excavate to a firm bearing subsoil and lay grillage platform and sole plate
5. Cut and erect rakers commencing with the bottom shore. The angle between sole plate
and shores should be at its maximum 89 degrees to ensure that the tangent point is
never reached and not so acute that levering is impracticable
6. Fix cleats, distance blocks, binding and if necessary cross bracing over the backs of
the shores.

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FLYING SHORING
 They fulfill the same function as raking shores but have an advantage of providing a
clear working space under the shoring.
 They can be used between any parallel wall surfaces providing the span is not in
excess of 12m when the arrangement would become uneconomic.
 Short spans up to 9m usually have a single horizontal member whereas the larger
spans require two horizontal shore to keep the section sizes within the timber range
commercially available
 Site operations for the setting out and erection of a flying shoring system are similar
to those for the raking shores

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UNSYMMETRICAL FLYING SHORE ARRANGEMENTS

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