CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL - PORTUGAL NAME: STUDENT N° SCHOOL: GROUP: TEACHER: DATE. 1 I January CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED (CAE) PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English Additional materials: ‘Answer sheet Time 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so. Write your name and number on your answer sheet Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully. Answer all the questions. Read the instructions on the answer sheet. Mark your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit. ‘At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES There are 56 questions in this paper. ‘Questions 4 - 24 carry 1 mark. ‘Questions 26 - 30 carry up to 2 marks. Questions 31 - 46 carry 2 marks. Questions 47 — 66 carry 1 mark cae (8)Reading and Use of English Part 1 For questions 1 -8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, G or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. B wish C hope Dplan Grand Canyon Jn 1999, the stuntman Robbie Knievel fulfilled his father’s (0) wun - He soared across the Grand Canyon on his 500ce motorbike to (1) an. a new world record Millions watched on television as Knievel, son of the (2) .....-» daredevil Evel Knievel, roared up a ramp at 145 kilometres per hour and (3)... himself into the air, saiting 70 metres over a gorge to break his own world record by 1.5 metres. He had been planning to (4) wn... go at the same jump the previous month but it was cancelled at the Last (5) sane lecause of wind and cold. It’s a jump my father always wanted to do but never got the (6) .avro,/he said. His father, who died in 2007, was full of (7) for his son. ‘Robbie is the true (8) to the Knievel name. He cannot only jump better than me but he does it with no hands on the handlebars, 1A put B do © set D- bing 2A ancient B antique © veteran D_ obsolete 3A few B taunched © expelled D blew 4A hay B take © gke D ty 5 A point B time © thing D minute 6 A possibly B_ mornent © chance D_ luck TA praise B tribute © congratulations applause 8 A. benefactor B hol © honour D credit oemPart 2 For questions 9 - 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sh Example: [0] [Ww]#]A|T Team building Many companies are now organising (0) .. are called team-building weekends for their staff. Employees get together somewhere well 8) from their usual workplace and engage in leisure activities that (10) for teamwork and co-operation, The idea is that this will improve their working relationships back in the office The success of these events, however, can depend on (11) suitable the activity chosen is for the individuals involved. Abseiling and paintballing are unlikely to appeal to all employees equally, and some people may resent (12) to take part in activities which they regard (13) too physically challenging Another potential issue is that managers may feel uncomfortable with the idea of competitive activities in (14) socom they might be defeated by more junior members of staff, By the same token, junior members of staff may be unsure exactly what is expected of them, Should they (15)... all out to impress their superiors by doing their best to win, or should they hold back (16) that their superiors dont lose face?Part 3 For questions 17 - 24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the ga Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sh . the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: AICIC{O[RIPIIINIG Eating out in London (0) ..cssesesesssee tO the results of a recent survey, London now ranks ACCORD amongst the world’s (17) _ cities in terms of the quality of LEAD the food that is available in its restaurants. The survey, which took into (18)..............the views of diners in over seventy of the world's COUNT largest urban centres, also noted a (19)............. improvement in REMARK ‘the quality of the whole dining experience in London’s restaurants, compared to a similar survey conducted ten years ago. In many more (20)...............the overall level service is now judged to be of an ESTABLISH (21) verserseseeees high standard. EXCEPT Asked whether Londoners were becoming mote (22)... DISCERN with regard to food, the authors of the survey point to the fact that London is now a very cosmopolitan city with a highly multicultural Population. In terms of the sheer (23).............0f types of cuisine DIVERSE available in the city's restaurants, London has an (24). EQUAL position amongst the world's capitalPart 4 For questions 25-30, complete the second sentenoe so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and including the word given. Here is an example (0) ix words, Example: © You should try to think only about your awn work and not bother about mine. oN You should try to. Example: | 0 | CONCENTRATE ON THE WORK Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate anawer sheet. you need to do and not bother about my work. 25 Sally often reminds me of my younger sister THINK Sally often. younger sister 26 realy ato that kind off ‘AVERSION 1 se that kind of ft, 27 All parents want only the bost for their chitdren, NOTHING very {or their children, 28 Someone is instaling cable TV at my house this afternoon, PUT PM ecnesnnnmnnennnnnnannenn at my house this afternoon, 29 Tim didn’t object when | took over responsibly for the project RAISED Tm a seen taking Over responsibilty for the project. 80 The odds are against Marka gelting such an important job. LIKELY Merle snes such an important job,Part 5 You are going to read an extract from a book. For questions $1 ~ 36, choose the answer (A, B, © or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. The Lives of Diplomats’ Children During the writing of this book about the lives of diplomatic wives, | was reminiscing with my oldest friend, @ diplomat’s child like myself, whom | have known since we were at boarding school together, aged ten. | was not at all surprised to find that, like ime, she has the most vivid memories surrounding the artival of the post: the staircase, the old chest, the anxious craning over the banisters for that glimpse of @ familiar envelope or handwriting. ‘There was. one time when | did not hear from my parents for nearly three months,’ she recalls. ‘I thought they must be dead.” Now an English Iterature academic, she believes that her chosen field of expertise ~ eighteenth century epistolatory novels and letters ~isno accident. Like that of our mothers, the experience of diplomatic children is enormously varied. ‘The myth is that diplomatic life, with all the travelling, new places, new faces, is attractive and exciting for children,’ wrote Jane Ewart-Biggs, ‘but | believe that nothing could be further from the truth. Although the necessity of changing houses, schools, friends, food and even languages every few years can be problematic for many children, others happily adapt. My own feelings, while principally positive, are not wholly uncomplicated. | was brought up in Spain (in Madrid and Bilbao) and in Singapore, My memories of both places are startiingly happy. In Bilbao, when | Was six, we lived in an apartment overlooking the sea. | learnt not only to speak but to read and write Spanish; bizarrely, | came top in Spanish and bottom in English I became unhealthily obsessed with Velazquez and the dgotier paintings of Goya, The teaching was somewhat old-fashioned, even for those days, and Iwas required to write essays on subjects like ‘My Father's Job, ‘My Wonderful Mather’ and My Wider Family. To my parents’ mingled pride and dismay, | wrote page after page of repetitive, banal drivel in laboriously crafted script, full of curls and flourishes, which | insisted they read. In Singapore, when | was eight, my brother and | ran wild in a tropical garden filed with bougainvillea and frangipene trees. We swam in jellyfish-infested seas ‘and went barefoot for two years. | wrote my first stories and it was always hot. England was a far away, drizzie- grey dream, from whence letters and comics turned Up occasionally, as emotionally distant as the moon, ‘The utter despait, which | experienced two years later, when | was sent to boarding school there, has stayed with me all my life. Adults are often tempted to believe that, because children are not yet physically or emotionally mature, they do not experience the ‘big’ emotions of griaf fF rage in quite the same way that we do. The pain | experienced on being separated from my family was like @ bereavement. For many children in boarding school for the first time, it is the nights which are the worst, but for me it was always the mornings. | would wake up in the cold first light to see the stark little chest of drawers at the foot of my bed, and beyond it the melancholy autumn beech leaves, dripping and tapping at the window panas. Then | wauld hide under the bedelothes, sick to my stomach at the thought of another day to get through. Ater hall @ term of this complete misery ~ alter which | was supposed to have ‘settled in’ like everyone else - in some trepidation, | wrote letter: ‘Mummy, Mummy, Mummy, Oh my Mummy.” it began. | don't remember the exact wording of the rest ofthe letter, ut lwas sure that the hidden message which lay behind these words, the pies to be taken away, could not be mistaken, Itwes the only letter to which, although I doubtless received a letter back, | never received a reply. So | stayed at school and learnt to survive,cate ‘What is the main there of the first paragraph? ‘A tho childron’s fear of something bad happening to their paronts B the importance of letters in the lives of a boarding school pupil © the close frlendships made by boarding school chikiren at school D tho fact that the ctildron of diplomats attended simitar schools \Whal did Jane Ewart Biggs bolleve about diplornals’ children? A. They love the exclternent ofa life full of change. B_ They are often unhappy. They adjust to change more easily than other children, Their happiness depends on their mothers. ‘What point does the writer make about her schooling in Spain? A. Sho was very unsuccesstul al school B Sho dovoloped artistic skis, © She felt uncomfortable al school there, Sho was good and bad in unexpacted areas. Why did the writer's parents experience dismay when they read her schoohvork? A. What she wrote was uninteresting. B Sho seotned to be learning little at school © Sho exaggerated her family’s importance, D Her handwriting was very poor “Tho wrltor's inital fooling about boarding school can best be summed up as A. extromely angry. B vory cold © desperately unhappy. D- rathor i Hovr did the writer's parents respond to the latter described in the last paragraph? A. They ignored her pleas. B They refused her request. © They told her that she'd learn to survive. They were too busy to reply to her.Part 6 You ate going to read four extracts from articles by psychologists on the effect taking and looking at photographs has on memories. For questions 87 ~ 40, choose from the psychologists (A - D). The psychologists may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. According to the extracts, which psychologist has a similar view to B on the extent to which photographs will help future historians? a7 has a different opinion from C on whether looking at photographs alters our existing ‘memories? 38 hhas a similar opinion to A on whether taking photographs discourages people from forming memories? bd has a different view from all the others on how often people look at the photographs they have taken? 40Photography and memory A The fact that so many people have access to cameras nowadays has resulted in vast numbers of photographs lingering on memory cards for years. | suspect that few of these have ever been transferred to computers, printed, or even viewed more than once, This doas not mean, however, that their impact is, negligible. On the contrary, | would assert that people are increasingly using their cameras as a substitute for actively attempting to remember what they see. After all, why make the mental effort when a camera can do the job for us? Furthermore, when people do actually look back at photogrenhs they, or others, have taken, there is convincing evidence that these pictures eventually replace genuine memories of an event. Rewriting personal histories in this way is not necessarily harmful. Nevertheless, research may show that we should, as @ society, be more concerned about this than we currently are. ver future decades, historians will doubtless thankus asa society fortaking so many millions of photographs. As an archive to delve into for a true representation of our times, what could be more weleame? There are those who say that our personel memories of the things we have done or seen is distorted by the fact that So many visual records of these are now available to us. In my opinion, however, there is little ta prove that this is the case: despite taking and storing photographs in vast numbers, | believe that people rarely actually retrieve them and examine them in any detail, It would therefore be surprising if these pictures had anything but @ minimal effect on perceptions of past events, Similarly, claims that we are becoming too lazy to create memories, relying instead on cameras to do this for us, are equally tenuous, c People everywhere seem to be taking photographs almost all the time, and inevitably, this has changed both the way people lead their ives and the ways in which they look back on tham. One major finding, backed Up by reliable research, is that every time we look at a photograph, our recollection of the circumstances in which it was taken is adversaly affacted. And given that my awn research suggests that. people treasure and regularly revisit their photographs, be they on paper, on a hard drive, or online, this amounts to 2 significant collective effect on human memory. It might seem obvious that this large amount of information about our everyday lives will prove to be a great gift for future historians. | would dispute this, though, as 0 little of it will lest in any useful physical form. CDs crumble, computer files are deleted, unlike the photo albums our grandparents treasured and we can still enjoy. ‘As so many photographs are taken every day, the people who take them rarely have the time to study and enjoy them. This should come as no surprise, and yet | believe that taking all the photographs we do has @ greet influence on our brains nonetheless. Humanity has depended for millennia on being able to store our experiences accurately in our minds for future retrieval. Being able to use a camera insteed somehow permits us not to even attempt this. This is potentially @ great loss, but itis hard to see how the trend can be reversed. | console myself with the thought that all future studies of our current era will benefit from the wealth of material we are accumulating and will eave behind us for analysis. We would be delighted ta have @ comparable insight into the fifteenth century!Part 7 You ate going to read a newspaper article about kitesurfing, Six paragraphs have been removed from the article, Choose from the paragraphs A - G the one which fits each gap (44 ~ 46). There is one extra Paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Learning to kitesurf in Costa Rica Rebecca Newman visits Bahia Salinas on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and discovers that itis the perfect location to learn how to kitesurf. ‘Above Isla Bolanos, a small rocky outcrop in the sea off north-west Costa Rica, magnificent frigate birds fly in wide circles. In the bay behind them, a single, brightly coloured sail swoops ang, ike a huge wing, lifts a lone figure through the air with marvellous height and speed. This was my first view of kitesurfing at Bahia Salinas. at ‘One of the first to recognize these ideal conditions was an Italian, Nico Bertoldi, who came across the area when travelling around Costa Rica in 2000. A novice kitesurfer atthe time, he spent months teaching. himself. Now an expert, he is bringing his experience to bear as an instructor, ‘so other people learning can avoid making my mistakes’. 42 It is reassuring, therefore, that Nico is well-versed in all manner of risks and takes me through basic safety precautions. He explains why it's a good idea to wear water boots: ‘In case you step on a sting ray. The sting wouldn't kill you but it really hurts. Before having a go. myself, | watch Nico perform a few basic manoeuvres, which 1am meant to try and copy. It doesn’t look too. difficult. a3 | certainly need them. Much like skiing, learning to kitesurf is tiring and deeply uncool. Each time I flop into the water I lose my board, | must then pull my kite low in the sky against the strong wind while [look for the board. In the process, | swallow spectacular quantities of salt water. a4 Nothing too ambitious though. The wind is strong and can lift you several metres up into the air at great speed. Even for the experts that’s hard to control and accidents can easily occur. Bahia Salinas rarely gets crowded, however, 50 kitesurfers here seldom collide. This makes it safer than better-known kitesurfing destinations where crashes are a common hazard. ‘The ‘most kitesurfers I've ever counted in the alr here at any cone time is 22,’ says Nico, pointing to the vast empty expanse of the bay. 5 | prefer more active pursuits, but after a couple of days | decide to take a break from kitesurfing and drive south, | first head inland to the green foothills surrounding the Arenal volcano and then drive round the large lake that lies beneath the voleano. Then head back to the coast and end up at Playa Coco, where | hire a boat to take ime out to Roca Bruja, or Witch’s Rock. 46 A similar feeling surges through me the next morning back at Bahia Salinas as the wind catches my kite and | glide across the water at impressive speed. Nico sails past and applauds me. He goes on to jump, suspended in the air for six or seven seconds, before landing with a flourish. I's a standard of kitesurfing I can aspire to one day.My eyes follow the line of his arm across the water fo the Blue Dream Hotel. Its 14 simple bedrooms are cut into the hillside, Any guests rnot wanting to go to the beach can idle in the hotel spa or practice yoga on the terrace | step into the water, slide my feet into the straps on the board, move my kite for the wind to catch it and fall flat on my face. 1 get Up, try again and the same thing happens. From the beach, Nico shouts instructions and ‘encouragement. This great chunk of stone was thrown her a monumental voleanic eruption. Huge Pacific waves break on it and the location is famed among surfers for the quality of the surfing. From the safety of the deck, I watch experts disappear into massive waves and emerge ‘euphoric seconds later. Costa Rica is known as a surfer’s paradise, but is little known as a kitesurfing destination. The geography of its western coast makes the bay at Bahia Salinas the only suitable place to kitesurf, The curve of the coast means that a strong, constant wind blows towards the shore at Bahia Salinas, making it safe for kitesurfing, I've tried surfing, with reasonable success, and alo some windsurfing. fm also fairly fit, so logic tells me 1 should be able to get to grips with the basies of kitesurfing before too long And kitesurfing is by no means the easiest sport to master. A hybrid of windsurfing, wakeboarding and kite-flying, doing it properly requires strength, balance, stamina and a degree of fearlessness. It’s an extreme sport with the hazards that term implies, However, the embarrassment and the exhaustion from endlessly. thrashing about in the water are eventually erased by the joy ‘of a few minutes riding on the board, When | get it right, the wind fills my kite and pulls me thrilingly across the water. Leven manage a few litte jumps over the small waves.Part 8 You are going to read an artiole that contains information about underground railway systems. For questions 47 ~ 66, choose from the cities (AD). The cities may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on th parate answer sho About which railway system is the following stated? ‘Some passengers may not be allowed on certain parts of the train. 47 ‘The system was renovated to high aesthetic standards. ‘Sometimes extra employees are needed to help people get into crowded trains, 8 ‘The underground is a great contrast to the rest of the city. 8 It may require come effort to get to another line, Although trains are crowded, servis is frequent. Passengers are shown where to board the trains. Its construction was a historical landmark in the city’s development. ‘Train drivers’ wages used to be reduced if their trains were late. It depends on substantial government support to keep it open. 8) | a) |e] |B] 1sA Paris Passengers cattied per day: 4.5m Cost of ticket: 1.70 euros tla fare Length: 214 kilometres ines: 14 Stations: 300 In Paris, there are pleasures for those who use the Metro - many of them aesthetic. The gracefully ‘curvaceous Art Nouveau dragonfly entrances are just the most prominent on ci Metro system which celebrated is centenary by spending millions of euros on refurbishing its stetions andl making them works of art. On my way home, | pass Bonne Nouvelle station in the hecit of Perrs's ‘cinema district. There, during the cinema festival this summer, special lighting effects apple the platforms and films are projected one the advertising hoardings. More than anything the metro Is efficient. "When | worked on ine 4 says retired diver, ‘we had exactly 30 minutes andl 18 seconds to complete the journey. it took any longer, they docked our pay’ But there are drawbacks. Many Metro stations have too many stairs, and changing lines at big interchanges can be tiresome, B Moscow Passengers carried per day: 6.6m Cost of ticket: 28 rubles (070 euros) Length: 201 kilometres Lines: 12 Stations: 182 The first tunneling fer the Moscow Metropolitan started in 1932. Thres years later, the trains started running. They haven't stopped since - every 90 seconds or two minutes during rush hour, every fh minutes the rest of the time, from 6 c.m.ill 1 am, There may be a crush but there is seldom a wait The trains take you through a parade of marbled, succeed, spacious, spotless stations. For tourists It's a major draw: from Russian art deco to neo- classical, the Metro stations are not fo be missed. In short, the Metro was a central, perhaps the central, element in the building frenzy of the 1930s that changed the face of Moscow forever, c Tokyo. Passengers carried per day: 87m Cost of ficket: 160 - 300 yen (J,40 - 2.60 euros) Length: 328 kilometres, Lines: 14 Stations: 282 Trains do not just arrive on time in Tokyo, they stop Tight on the platform mark so that passengers can line up knowing exactly where the doors will open. Train ctiving is a prestigious job for ite for which the applicants must pass a rigorous screening of health checks, interviews and \written exams before they can don the usually meticulously tuned out uniform, cap and white gloves, However, overcrowding means it is far from @ commuter paradise, At peak moming hours, some stations employ parHlime platform staf to cram in passengers. Carriages can be filed to 183% of capacity, The main reason for such cramped conditions is that the Tokyo subway system has only 24 kilometres of track for every 1 million people. compared to 8 on the London Underground. New lines are under construction, but at a cast of 575,000 euros per metre of rail, progress has been slow. D Mexico City Passengers carried per day: 5m Cost of ticket: 3 pesos (0.15 euros) flat fare Length: 451 klometres Lines: 1 Stations: 175 Fas, relatively sate, and very cheap. Mexico City’s underground is an oasis of order and! efficiency under the chaos above. The Mexican capital's underground system is the biggest in the continent and one of the most subsidized networks in the world, Builln the 1960s, it boasts rubbertyred carriages and connecting waikways that recall the Paris Metro, An army cf vendors wind thetr way through the cars seling everything from byriefoases to potato peelers. The frst trains leave the terminuses at 5a.m, and the last after midnight as the masses move from the outskirts of the 20 millon-strong megacity. Mexico City’s Metra also tracts a sizeable contingent of passengers who are unwiling fo spend hours in choking trafic jams. Without the Metro, the city would grind fo a hat, but expansion Is desperately needed to relieve the crowding. At peak times, two carriages on each train may be reserved for women cind children only. There is a master plan to build new lines andl extend existing ones, but financial constraints complicated by the fact that the system runs through different jutisdlctions mean progress is siow.