Part 2:

ETHICS
Compiled by: Engr. L.Habbiling

Lesson 1: Introduction to General Ethics and Ethical Values

What is ethics?

 Ethics are a system of moral principles and a branch of philosophy which defines what is
good for individuals and society.
 At its simplest, ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make
decisions and lead their lives.
 Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as
moral philosophy.
 The term is derived from the Greek word ethos which can mean custom, habit, character
or disposition.
 Ethics covers the following dilemmas:

 how to live a good life

 our rights and responsibilities
 the language of right and wrong
 Moral decisions - what is good and bad?
 Our concepts of ethics have been derived from religions, philosophies and cultures.

Ethical values are an individual’s moral compass, guiding their actions and behaviors.
The ethics one’s drawn toward are typically affected by their community, upbringing, and
culture. In some cultures, it’s disrespectful to put your elbows on the table, and some
societies are individualistic while others are community-oriented.

 For a company, work ethics are guiding principles designed to serve the well-being of
others over self-interest. You use these workplace ethics to inform your response to
difficult, stressful, or potentially damaging situations.

A company’s ethical standards help leaders answer important questions like:

 What sort of products and services can I sell?

 What information must I reveal about my business?
 Whose interests should my organization serve, and who should manage them?
 What does an organization owe its workforce, and what do employees owe their
employers?
 Do businesses have a social responsibility to consumers and communities?
 How can I best support my employees?

 Ethical principles weren't always a part of the business equation. Traditionally, most
businesses cared about hitting profits and considered themselves outside moral high
grounds. But business ethics principles entered the conversation as a field of
academic study, originating from moral philosophy in the 1970–80s, and slowly
merged into more traditional business studies.
  A code of ethics is foundational to running a successful company in today's business
world. According to a 2022 survey by Deloitte, ethical issues like climate change, inequality,
and work-life balance are among the top concerns of millennial and Gen Z workers.
 According to the same study, 37% of Gen Z and 36% of millennial workers rejected a job or
assignment because it didn't align with their personal values.
 As both generations take up a larger share of the workforce, businesses and their employees
must express their values to potential hires to showcase a company culture that respects
workers' ethical behavior standards.

8 ETHICAL VALUE EXAMPLES THAT ALL PROFESSIONALS SHOULD ADOPT

 Whether you want to self-reflect on your personal code of conduct, develop your skills as
an ethical leader and lead by example, or audit your team’s ethical business practices, here
are eight ethical values to consider.

1. Honesty

When you’re honest, you actively work to not deceive or mislead people — whether it's your
coworkers, clients, or consumers. You avoid making promises you can't keep, don’t misrepresent
your capabilities, and are sincere about your shortcomings.

Honesty is a core value of great leaders and team members, as it's foundational to how you
communicate with others. You can use honest and transparent communication to
provide constructive feedback that helps your coworkers grow, build rapport with colleagues and
clients, and make ethical decisions that align with consumer values.

2. Integrity

Expressing integrity means you're committed to doing what's right, even if nobody credits you for it
or people dislike it. This might mean avoiding a conflict of interest that could personally benefit you,
complying with policies and regulations, and being consistent in your behavior and decision-
making.

Imagine a company that bases all its decisions on its sustainability and environmental
health commitments. Acting with integrity might include a business leader accepting higher
operational costs for recyclable materials despite a lower bottom line or an employee biking to work
as often as possible.

3. Charity

Companies and employees can express their commitment to ethical issues and core values by
donating their money or time to charity. This shows kindness and support for a local community or
global cause and that the organization cares about more than itself.

Charity also encourages employees to practice self-reflection, hold themselves accountable, and
stimulate collaborative action. And giving back to the community pays it forward in happiness.
People who volunteer their time report increased happiness levels, which can have a snowball
effect on the organization.

4. Accountability

Accountability reflects self-awareness that your decisions and behaviors carry weight. Being
accountable isn't just about accepting fault for adverse consequences. It also encourages you to
contemplate how a potential decision affects others to guide you toward more ethical decision-
making.

Being accountable also means taking ownership of your work and understanding where you fit into
your team and employer’s overall success. When you hold yourself accountable, you strive to meet
commitments, deliver on promises, and remain transparent about your progress and results.

Acting responsibly lets people know they can rely on you and your word, creating more
powerful human connections based on mutual trust.

5. Respect

Mutual respect means showing coworkers you value and appreciate their work and including
employees in decisions that impact them.

Respectfulness also means treating people with kindness and compassion, understanding that
everyone comes from distinct backgrounds and perspectives, and being willing to learn from others'
knowledge and experience.

Your ability to be respectful of others requires you to develop several interpersonal skills, like active
listening, open-mindedness, and showing gratitude.

6. Fairness

Healthy workplaces promote level playing fields for everyone, regardless of their background or
place in the company hierarchy. When fairness is a central pillar, you treat everyone with respect
and offer them equal opportunities to succeed and advance in their career.

A few ways to stimulate fairness at work are clearly communicating decision-making processes
like internal hiring or performance evaluations, developing objective conflict resolution policies, and
encouraging your teammates to voice their opinions.

7. Courage

Standing up for what’s right isn't always easy, even when the correct answer is clear. It takes great
courage to prioritize ethics when a decision is unpopular or backlash is strong.

This might include admitting you were wrong about something (even if it could result in disciplinary
action), prioritizing ethical best practices over profits, or speaking up against discrimination, gender
inequality, and hostile work environments.
Even if the decisions are tough, when you take a stand for what's right, you build a strong reputation
for your ethical leadership values and encourage others to stand up for their principles, in turn
promoting positive changes throughout your team.

8. Excellence

Striving for excellence means promoting a culture of learning and continuous development.
Nobody’s perfect — we all make mistakes and have room to grow.

A couple of ways to create a culture of excellence in your workplace are hosting workshops
to break down cognitive dissonance and learning about different types of innovation you can
foster to help your company succeed.

BENEFITS OF ETHICAL VALUES IN THE WORKPLACE

Embracing high ethical values requires work and sacrifice, but it pays off. Here are eight
benefits of implementing ethical values in the workplace:

1. Better decision-making: When you clearly understand your ethical code, making
challenging decisions is easier. Knowing what you believe is right and wrong will help
you depend on yourself rather than following others.
2. A greater sense of community: Workers want to feel a sense of belonging and
connection to their work and coworkers. You can create this by expressing values
concurrent with theirs so they feel connected to a shared vision.
3. Stronger self-esteem: Acting with integrity even when your decision is unpopular or
unnoticed shows confidence and self-esteem. You’re expressing confidence in your
ability to persevere on your own terms, even if ethical decisions don’t benefit you.
4. Fewer worries: When you make ethically-right decisions, you can rest easy knowing
you have nothing to hide and that your work is positively impacting your community
and setting the right example for other companies.
5. Increased trustworthiness: When you
express high moral standards, your clients
and colleagues respect you. This
helps you connect with loyal consumers
or collaborators who share your
values and strive toward the same goals.
 6. Sets the right tone: If you're a manager, your attitude, moral principles,
and decision-making style show your workers how to operate. And if you're an
employee, your devotion to your moral values inspires others to stand up for what's
right and positively impact the organization.
7. Increased talent retention: Satisfied employees feel respected, included, and cared
about. Expressing values that show you treat their well-being with the same
importance as your bottom line makes workers more likely to stick around.
8. More purpose and meaning: It's not always easy to live an ethical life, especially in
a conflicted world where many cultures encourage individualism and bad behavior.

But sticking to your values gives you a sense of meaning and purpose that can
increase your mental and physical health and stimulate continuous learning. Sticking
to your ethical principles makes you feel you’re a part of something bigger and
contributing to the good of the whole.

Embrace your ethics

 Behind every great person is a guiding light that allows them to move through their
decisions with clarity and intention. Finding your ethical values helps you move
toward your goals with purpose.
 Upholding your principles won’t always be easy. Challenges that test your values are
inevitable. But moving through the world with intention and meaning is worth it. You’ll
feel more confident, develop a stronger sense of self, and act for the greater good.
 And you’ll rest assured that your decisions positively impact you, your community,
and the world at large.