Water cin ae Palance SHORT ReGilation of water balance i . jing hanish Water pbalane is regulated by following, mec MS Anbidiurele hormone CAH) | Tt is secreted -from posterior pituttar gland v APH promotes water reabsorption from Kidneys Reducts the loss ef woater from body | ADH secretion increases in uwaler defiaent conditions | excess water is excreted in urine ava Aldosterone + Produced in adrend) cortex Increases Nat veabsorption by renal tubules Along with Nat ions , chloride ions are also absorbed As a result Sodium and chloride reabsorption 7 water also realosorbtd along wit then by csmotic pressult Thirst_centre + Located in ae of brain ReGwates intake aq water Wlhtn there is. wakerloss , the toody reaches the condition of dehydration Dehydration” skinvulates thiest centre, which causes to drink usater Urine oration» TE orerss wale is injected the Kidne Pesponds to it 4 voater balance is maintaineda} Chloride shift =| Wihth CO is taken up, the tco; concentration vottnin the cell increases =| this would diffuse out into plasrna oS Simutlancousky , chloride ions -from the plasma would enter into the cell to establish electrical neutrality =| this is called chloride shift or “Hamburger ephect , = | Thus on venous side, RBCs are slighty bulged dus to higher Chloride ion concentration =| In RBCs, CO. combinss With +20 to Give +toCo2 | which dissociates to produce H* and feo. | SERS inmediately buttered ti hemoflobin to form HHb =| As the concentration of Hos” increases 10 RBCs, tb diffuses into plasma in exchange with ct> 3} Enumerate the functions 8 vodder *&) water provides aqueous medium to the organism ehich is essential for various lbtochemicdl reactions to occur *) Water directh partici pates as a reattant tn several metabolic reactions Bemecimescrves cS 0 Vehicle ef “transport q solutes * | water is clos) associated with reBuldtion 4 bed Lempenale % | Provides shape and structure to cells, Lissues , orate and body *& Elimination q waste products * Lubricating fectlog 4} Outline the distribution } kody water in various body comparinnents | Water is the major body constituent | An adult humans ~ contains cthout 60-- wvoler Wome and obese individuals have relatively {ess | voater uthich is. due to bigher content et Stored | fat ur qnhydrous form . + | A 70 #6 rman conlains about H2L ¢ water «| qhis is distributed in inbracelular and extracellular | compartments respeclively Known as intracellular” ftuid’ and Bi ilwar Pet The ECP is further divided into interstitial {tuid (10.51) and plasma (351) Total Body Water wtf |\ntractitular fuuid le vtracellular uid 281 /yo-l- | WL /20/ ees uid] Plasma | 1O-SL/15-/ 3.5L/5/- 5 ca princi ples of water batance by us ‘ considering wr iMput soures “and water output” soures : + The body possesses tremendous eapa jo repulate its water conttnt ty a healthy ‘indi idual » In a healthy individual , his achieved b balandng Ake Gaity water intaKe and $ water out pub..P * “water intak +] wo 1) t Peet 107 Dae me suppliecl 5 tedy by erofenous and endoBenaus Exobenous water ; Ingested water and solid food constitute Water intake is Ronde : 0-5-5. Lar ly Aepends on secial habils and climate. Wn pentral , People living in hot climate drink more water everades , water and content eroenous source 4 water , highly Variable Ingestion A Cater is mainly controlled By a. thirst centre located in hupothalarnts. \ncreat in osmotatit q. plasma causes increased water intake : Endofenous water ’ The metabolic water produced by body 1s endogenous Ranft 2 300 - 350 m\ /dayy . 1g carbohydrate > 0.6m! water 16 proieity > 0.4 ml water 46 fat > 1.4 ml water On an average, about 122ml of utter is Senerated for 1000 cal consumed ol body Ww ateroutput Urine Major route A syne / doy skin 4S0 ml / lay Lungs Yoo ml /das} Feces Im ml / Anu| a 6.) Explain the various . which water balance 1s modi bias f oy followinh is reburated by { 6 reGulaton mechanisins: by | tauned . ’ * Water balance Mechanisms ° b. -nkidtureie_hormanes A ADH promotes waer en eucr) ee + | Reduces loss of water from body : 4 =| ADH secretion increases iM walter deficient conditions 2. | Aldasterone » = |} Increases Nat reabsorption by renal tubules = | Along wilh sodium ions , chloride ions are also absorbtd . —| As a result of sodium and chloride reabsorption , water 1s also reabsorbed ReGulates intaKe ef uxdter when there is uoater loss , the body reaches condition ef, dehydration . =| eh drdtion stimulates thirst center us Yo drink water : 4. Urine formation —| Tf excess wattr is inie tcled to it and excess ” and water balance js U L uohich causes The Kidne responds is _ehereted i urine Maunrtained.\ustrate distribution jompar tmnt. 4 electrolytes in various’ pea Solutts Plasenalneyi)| 1. Coney) | Ter Cmmeq/ ¥ cations is i Sedum Wo 146 \2 eaten = Potassium hla eo ee Ieo - calcium Seana | See aay ~Mamndum |. 15 4 34) & f\nions s aioe agli) arene ios is a ed 8 Bicortonae | Ce ate 4 | 4 ie | epee ene PR 2 Wo | + Protein 7 | 5 pug pee a | mee. + ©lher anions a ak ate JReclamation ol electrohytes bt kidneys “ d reclamation cf, electrolytes 4 hidneys io carvied out by renin- angiote sin echanise secretion ol aldosterone is controlled m4 renin angiotensin mechanism urease to BP is sensed 4 jurtaplornerala of nephron which secrete renin : : Renid acts on eee to produce anBiotemsin 7 The latter is Vhen” converted to an Yotensin WT, which stimulates release ef aldosterone pldesterone and AD coordinate with each other 40 maintain = normat -pusiad and Seay balance . r oppasatys | Chictide bicarbonate shift chieride bicarbonak shith eccturs during transport of Coo in RBCS Th RBS, COs combints with 20 to sive COs. which dissociabts to -form +103 and -+1* 4° is immediate bufhered by +b to form -HHb, fis the concentration a HCQ3 IncreaséSs in RBCs Jit diffuses into plasma in exthanSe with cl ~ | this phenomenon ts calecl chloride bicarbonate shyt