CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

The Republic of the Philippines, an island nation

located in the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia,

comprising of 7,107 islands, collectively known as

Philippine Archipelago, has a total area of nearly 300,000

square kilometers to its credit (Jezek, 2015).

According to Jezek (2015), the Philippines is a

presidential-unitary republic with the President at the

apex, as the head of state, the head of government, and the

commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He is elected by

popular vote, every six (6) years. During his term in the

office, he or she appoints and presides over the cabinet of

secretaries.

Jezek (2015) added that the bicameral Congress is the

primary legislative body comprising the Senate and the House

of Representatives. There are twenty four (24) senators in

all, who serve a 6-year term each with the half retiring

every three (3) years. The House of Representatives houses

two hundred fifty (250) members with a 3-year term each. The

judiciary is headed by the Supreme Court, presided over by

the Chief Justice as its head and 14 associate justices. All

the appointments are made by the President from the

1
nominations submitted by the Judiciary itself and the Bar

Council. Besides, the Supreme Court, other courts include

the Court of Appeals, the Regional Trial Courts and the

Metropolitan Trial Courts.

The President of the Philippines or locally known as

"Ang Pangulo" is the head of state and government of the

Republic of the Philippines. The president serves a term of

six years in the office. The President of the Philippine

heads the Executive Branch of the government that includes

the Cabinet and all executive departments. The President of

the Philippine is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed

Forces of the Philippines. Philippine has undergone many

transition in the government from the First Philippine

Republic going to the Fifth Philippine Republic.

Based on the cited literatures of the researchers, the

president has the power of control over the executive

branch. The President of the Philippines has the mandate of

control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and

offices. This includes restructuring, reconfiguring, and

appointments of their respective officials. The

Administrative Code also provides for the President to be

responsible for the above mentioned offices’ strict

implementation of laws. The president has also the ordinance

power. The President of the Philippines has the power to

2
give executive issuances, which are means to streamline the

policy and programs of an administration.

In this study, the researchers focused on the

administration of Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte also known

as “Digong”, who is a Filipino politician and jurist and the

the 16th and current President of the Philippines. President

Rodrigo Duterte is known for saying things that many would

consider unethical. But his outspoken style and crime-

fighting record have made him popular with many Filipinos.

The researchers were motivated by those facts to

conduct this study by determining the perception of the

respondents on the administration of the current President

which will provide answers to the research questions raised

in this study.

Statement of the Problem

This study entitled “Evaluation of NEUST-CMBT students

in Performance of Duterte's Administration” will be

conducted to establish information on the perception of

selected respondents on the administration of President

Rodrigo Roa Duterte in terms of leadership, peace and order,

economy and government offices.

Research questions were raised by the researchers and

specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

3
1. How may the demographic profile of the respondents be

described in terms of:

a. sex;

b. age; and

c. year level?

2. How may the perception of the respondents on President

Duterte’s administration be described in terms of:

2.1 Leadership;

2.2 Peace and Order;

2.3 Economy; and

2.4 Government Services (Government Offices)?

3. What are the implications of the study to education and

business sector?

Conceptual Framework

The President of the Philippines is elected by direct

vote by the people for a term of six (6) years. He may only

serve for one term, and is ineligible for reelection. The

term of the President of the Philippines starts at noon of

the 30th day of June after the election.

In this study, the researchers based the conduct of

this research on the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of

the Philippines (Official Gazette, 2016). Besides the

4
constitution, the powers of the President of the Philippines

are specifically outlined in Executive Order No. 292, s.

1987, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987.

The following powers are:

1. Power of control over the executive branch

The President of the Philippines has the mandate of

control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and

offices. This includes restructuring, reconfiguring, and

appointments of their respective officials. The

Administrative Code also provides for the President to be

responsible for the abovementioned offices’ strict

implementation of laws.

2. Power ordinance power

The President of the Philippines has the power to give

executive issuances, which are means to streamline the

policy and programs of an administration.

3. Power over aliens

The President of the Philippines has certain powers

over non-Filipinos in the Philippines.

4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and

recovery of ill-gotten wealth

The President of the Philippines has the authority to

exercise the power of eminent domain. The power of eminent

5
domains means the state has the power to seize or authorize

the seizure of private property for public use with just

compensation.

5. Power of appointment

The President may appoint officials of the Philippine

government as provided by the constitution and laws of the

Philippines. Some of these appointments, however, may need

the approval of the Committee on Appointments (a committee

composed of members from the House of Representatives and

the Senate of the Philippines).

6. Power of general supervision over local governments

The President of the Philippines, as chief executive,

has the mandate to supervise local governments in the

Philippines, despite their autonomous status as provided by

Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as the Local

Government Code of 1991. Traditionally, this is done by the

Department of the Interior and Local Government, headed by a

cabinet secretary—an alter ego of the President.

Research Paradigm

INPUT

1. Demographic profile of the respondents

in terms of:
a. sex;
b. age; and
c. year level. 6

2. Perception of the respondents on

President Duterte’s administration in
terms of:
 PROCESS
Survey-Questionnaire
Interview
Observation

OUTPUT

Implications of the study to

education and business sector

Figure 1

Scope and Delimitation

The research study focused on the perception of the

respondents on the administration of President Duterte in

7
terms of Leadership, Peace and Order, Economy, and

Government Services (Government Offices).

The respondents were selected college students of Nueva

Ecija University of Science and Technology in the College of

Management and Business Technology where the researchers are

currently enrolled.

The study was conducted in the 2nd Semester of Academic

Year 2016-2017 in Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology under the College of Management and Business

Technology.

Significance of the Study

The researchers believed that this research study will

not only answer the research questions raised in the latter

part but it will also be beneficial to the following:

To the Filipinos, it will provide them information

regarding the changes in the government administration under

President Duterte;

To aspiring politicians, this will help them in

preparing their selves once they enter the politics;

To the future researchers, this study may help them in

pursuing the conduct of a future research regarding the

national government. It may also serve as basis for the

foundation of facts for related researches and aims to give

8
them accurate and positive information derived from actual

information and data.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined according to their

operational use in the study.

Leadership. Leaders are people who do the right thing;

managers are people who do things right. Leadership is the

art of getting someone else to do something you want done

because he wants to do it. (Eisenhower, 2016).

Peace and Order. This term is used to refer good

government which is an expression used in our law to express

the legitimate objects of legislative powers conferred by

statute.

Economy. An entire network of producers, distributors,

and consumers of goods and services in a local, regional, or

national community (Business Dictionary, 2016).

Government Services. This term refers to the public

service which is provided by Philippine government to

people living within Philippine’s jurisdiction, either

directly (through the public sector) or by financing

provision of services.

9
 Government Offices. This term refers to the government

branches in the administrative offices working space for

public authorities.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

10
Foreign Literature

Every nation has a chief of state, a person who serves

as the symbolic leader of the country and represents the

nation. In the United States, the president both leads the

government and acts as the chief of state, although this is

not the case in many countries. As chief of state, the

president presides over commemorations of war heroes, throws

out the first pitch at baseball games, and attends funerals

of world leaders, among other duties (Sparknotes, 2016).

The Other Chiefs of State

Obviously, the president cannot attend all ceremonies

in his or her role as chief of state. Therefore, sometimes

the first lady or the vice president stands in for the

president as a symbolic chief of state.

Chief Executive

The president is the head of the executive branch and

is responsible for running the federal bureaucracy and

enforcing the laws passed by Congress. To do this, the

president is allowed to appoint people to key offices, a

power called appointment power. The president nominates

members of the cabinet, which consists of appointees who are

in charge of the major executive departments and advise the

11
president on policy matters. The president also chooses

heads of agencies, federal judges, and about 2,000 lesser

jobs. The Senate must approve these nominations. The

president also has the power to fire these officials.

The President’s Staff

To do the job effectively, the president needs a large

staff. The president sits atop a vast bureaucracy, including

the White House staff, the president’s closest advisers. Not

surprisingly, as the president relies more heavily on his

staff, he often loses the ability to control it.

The president works with the White House staff every

day. They help organize the president’s schedule, set

priorities, and work with Congress. The president frequently

chooses close friends and trusted advisers to the White

House staff, and the staff plays a crucial role in shaping

the presidency. The head of the White House staff is the

White House Chief of Staff. Each president runs the staff

differently: Some create rigid hierarchies, whereas others

encourage competition among the staffers. The president’s

closest advisers are sometimes informally called the kitchen

cabinet.

The Executive Office of the Presidency

12
 The executive office of the presidency (EOP) consists

of agencies designed to help the president set policy and

respond to key issues. These groups work closely with the

president, supplying advice and help. Because they are

closer to the president than cabinet members, officials from

the EOP frequently have more influence than cabinet members.

As of 2009, the EOP includes the following agencies and

councils:

 Council of Economic Advisors

 Council on Environmental Quality

 National Security Council and Homeland Security Council

 Office of Administration

 Office of Management and Budget

 Office of National Drug Control Policy

 Office of Science and Technology Policy

 Office of the United States Trade Representative

 Office of the Vice President

 Executive Residence

 The White House

Pardons and Reprieves

As part of the power to enforce the law, the

Constitution grants the president the power to pardon, or

release from punishment, people convicted of crimes. In

13
theory, this power allows the president to prevent a

miscarriage of justice. Presidential pardons are absolute,

and they cannot be overturned. The president can also

grant reprieves, which are formal postponements of the

execution of a sentence.

The Most Notorious Pardon

Probably the most notorious presidential pardon was

Gerald Ford’s pardon of Richard Nixon for any crimes Nixon

may have committed as part of the Watergate scandal in 1974.

Ford hoped to bring the tumultuous scandal to a close, but

many people felt that Ford actually made the situation worse

by ensuring that Nixon would never face charges.

Commander in Chief

The Constitution states that the president is commander

in chief of the armed forces. This means that the president—

a civilian—controls the entire American military. Civilian

control of the military has been a cornerstone of the United

States since its founding.

As commander in chief, the president can send troops

into battle without a formal declaration of war from

Congress and has final authority over military operations.

During wartime, the president’s powers expand dramatically:

14
Most Americans willingly grant the president a great deal of

freedom in order to win the war. During World War I, for

example, the Wilson Administration rationed food and

important materials and, with the media’s cooperation,

controlled the news.

The President’s Controversial Power

Even though only Congress can declare war, the

president is the commander in chief. Most of the time,

Congress and the president cooperate, but sometimes problems

do arise. During the Vietnam War in 1973, for example,

Congress passed the War Powers Resolution, which requires

the president to consult with Congress when sending troops

into combat. The resolution also gave Congress the power to

force the president to withdraw troops, but this power has

never been used.

Chief Diplomat

The president is the main face and voice of American

foreign policy, negotiating treaties and other sorts of

agreements with foreign leaders (although the Senate must

approve all treaties). The president uses two key tools to

conduct foreign policy:

1. Executive agreement: An agreement made with foreign

leaders that does not require Senate approval (although

15
 Congress may refuse to fund the agreement); executive

agreements are not necessarily binding on future

presidents

2. Diplomatic recognition: Formal acknowledgment of a

government as legitimate; this recognition allows the

exchange of ambassadors

Chief Legislator

The president does not have any formal legislative

power but has acquired a great deal of informal power as

relations between the president and Congress have evolved.

People expect the president to have a legislative agenda, a

series of laws he or she wishes to pass, which is presented

each year during the State of the Union address to Congress

and the American people. The president can also play a key

role in getting legislation passed by persuading members of

Congress to vote for certain bills. The president’s

popularity and the partisan makeup of Congress influence how

effective a president can be in getting legislation passed.

The Evolution of the State of the Union Address

The president is obligated by the Constitution to

deliver a state of the union message to Congress each year.

16
However, the manner in which the message is given and the

importance of the message have changed dramatically. Prior

to the early twentieth century, presidents generally sent

the message to Congress in written form, and the message was

mostly a description of the status of the country. By the

end of the twentieth century, the state of the union address

had become a crucial political event, far more important

than the framers of the Constitution had originally

foreseen.

For a bill to become law, the president must sign it.

Often, the signing of a bill is turned into a ceremony, with

the president using many pens to sign the bill into law and

then distributing those pens to everyone who helped pass the

law. If the bill is an unpopular one, the signing is usually

done in private. The president sometimes includes a signing

message that explains his support and understanding of the

new law.

The Veto

The president’s most powerful tool in dealing with

Congress is the veto, through which the president can reject

a bill passed by Congress. Congress can override a veto with

a two-thirds vote in both houses, but overrides are

extremely rare. The president attaches a veto message to a

17
bill that is sent back to Congress, explaining the reasoning

for the veto.

The president can also make use of the pocket veto. If

the president neither signs nor vetoes a bill while Congress

is not in session, the bill dies at the end of ten days. If

Congress is in session and the president does not sign the

bill within ten days, then the bill becomes law anyway. The

president might make use of the pocket veto for political

reasons: He or she may not want the bill to become law but

fears political damage if he or she actually vetoes it.

The presidential veto is all or nothing: The bill dies,

or it does not. The line-item veto is a special type of veto

that the president can use to strike the specific parts of

the bill he or she dislikes without rejecting the entire

bill. Many state governors have line-item veto power, but

the president does not. Congress has passed laws giving the

president this power, but the Supreme Court has rejected

these laws as unconstitutional.

The Budget

The major part of the president’s legislative agenda is

the federal budget, which explains how federal money will be

spent during the next year. The federal government operates

on fiscal years, a twelve-month period (that does not

18
coincide with the calendar year) used for accounting

purposes. Every year, the president proposes a budget.

Congress can reject or approve the budget, but the

president’s budget usually lays out the contours of debate

on fiscal matters.

Superpolitician

In addition to formal roles, the president also serves

as the leader of his or her party. The president, for

example, chooses the chairperson of the national party

organization and campaigns on behalf of fellow party

members. As the most visible party member, the president can

play a huge role in raising money and generating support for

candidates from this party, especially if the president is

popular. Sometimes, however, party members seek to distance

themselves from an unpopular president.

Local Literature

Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests

executive power on the President of the Philippines. The

President is the Head of State and Head of Government, and

functions as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of

the Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises

19
control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and

offices.

The President of The Philippines

The President of the Philippines is elected by direct

vote by the people for a term of six years. He may only

serve for one term, and is ineligible for reelection. The

term of the President of the Philippines starts at noon of

the 30th day of June after the election.

History

The President of the Philippines is elected by direct

vote of the people, and has a term of six years with no

provision for reelection.

There have been 15 Presidents of the Philippines from

the establishment of the office on January 23, 1899, in the

Malolos Republic. President Emilio Aguinaldo is the

inaugural holder of the office and held the position until

March 23, 1901, when he was captured by the Americans during

the Philippine-American War.

The Office of the President of the Philippines was

abolished after the capture of Aguinaldo, and ceased to

exist until the inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth

in 1935.

20
 After the first national elections were held on

September 16, 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the

second President of the Philippines and the first President

of the Philippine Commonwealth. Originally elected to a six-

year term, President Quezon would stay in office until

1944, because the 1935 Constitution was amended in 1940 to

allow reelection, but shortened the term of the President to

four years. Quezon was elected again in 1941—however, due to

constitutional limitations, he would have not served the

full four years—his term started on November 15, 1935, and

thus would end on November 15, 1943. In 1943,

however, President Quezon had to take an emergency oath of

office, extending his term, because of the outbreak of World

War II.

When World War II forced the Philippine Commonwealth

into exile, a different government would be installed in the

Philippines, which would later to be known as the Second

Republic of the Philippines. Jose P. Laurel would lead this

government as the third President of the Philippines and the

only President of the Second Republic. Laurel stayed in

office from 1943 to 1944 when the Second Republic was

abolished. At this point, the President of the Second

Republic would overlap with the President of the

Commonwealth. On September 17, 1945, however, the laws of

21
the Second Republic were declared null and void by

the Supreme.

The Philippine Commonwealth would be reestablished in

Philippine soil in 1945 with President Sergio Osmeña as the

second President of the Commonwealth and the fourth

President of the Philippines. Osmeña took his oath of office

in the United States after the demise of President Quezon.

Osmeña would run in the first post-war presidential

elections held in 1946, but lose to Senate President Manuel

Roxas.

President Roxas was elected in 1946 as the third

President of the Philippine Commonwealth, first President of

the independent Republic of the Philippines, and the fifth

President of the Philippines. He would usher in the end of

the Philippine Commonwealth on July 4, 1946, and the birth

of the Third Republic. Roxas would be followed by Presidents

Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, and

Diosdado Macapagal as the second, third, fourth, and fifth

President of the Third Republic and the sixth, seventh,

eighth, and ninth President of the Philippines,

respectively.

President Ferdinand E. Marcos became the last President

of the Third Republic when he declared martial law in 1972,

while the 1973 Constitution suspended the 1935 Constitution,

22
he only formally proclaims the “New Republic”—the Fourth—in

1981. Marcos became the first President of the Fourth

Republic and the tenth President of the Philippines overall.

Marcos stayed in office for 20 years—the longest serving

President of the Philippines.

In 1986, the EDSA Revolution successfully installed

Corazon C. Aquino as the new President of the Philippines—

the 11th in the country’s history. President Aquino served

as the second and last President of the Fourth Republic at

the beginning of her term. A transitional, Freedom

Constitution was put into effect in the same year. When the

1987 Constitution was put into full force and effect, the

Fourth Republic was ended and the Fifth Republic

inaugurated. Thus, President Aquino became the first

President of the Fifth Republic. She would be followed by

Presidents Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Ejercito Estrada, and

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as the second, third, and fourth

President of the Fifth Republic and 12th, 13th, and 14th

President of the Philippines, respectively.

The current President, Benigno S. Aquino III, is the

fifth President of the Fifth Republic and the 15th President

of the Philippines.

23
Powers of The President

Besides the constitution, the powers of the President

of the Philippines are specifically outlined in Executive

Order No. 292, s. 1987, otherwise known as the

Administrative Code of 1987. The following powers are:

1. Power of control over the executive branch

The President of the Philippines has the mandate of

control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and

offices. This includes restructuring, reconfiguring, and

appointments of their respective officials. The

Administrative Code also provides for the President to be

responsible for the abovementioned offices’ strict

implementation of laws.

2. Power ordinance power

The President of the Philippines has the power to give

executive issuances, which are means to streamline the

policy and programs of an administration. There are six

issuances that the President may issue. They are the

following as defined in the Administrative Code of 1987:

Executive orders — Acts of the President providing for

rules of a general or permanent character in implementation

24
or execution of constitutional or statutory powers shall be

promulgated in executive orders.

Administrative orders — Acts of the President which

relate to particular aspects of governmental operations in

pursuance of his duties as the administrative head shall be

promulgated in administrative orders.

Proclamations — Acts of the President fixing a date or

declaring a status or condition of public moment or

interest, upon the existence of which the operation of a

specific law or regulation is made to depend, shall be

promulgated in proclamations which shall have the force of

an executive order.

Memorandum orders — Acts of the President on matters of

administrative detail, or of subordinate or temporary

interest which only concern a particular officer or

government office shall be embodied in memorandum orders.

Memorandum circulars — Acts of the President on matters

relating to internal administration, which the President

desires to bring to the attention of all or some of the

departments, agencies, bureaus, or offices of the

government, for information or compliance, shall be embodied

in memorandum circulars.

General or special orders — Acts and commands of the

President in his capacity as commander-in-chief of the Armed

25
Forces of the Philippines shall be issued as general or

special orders.

It is important to note that during the term of

President Ferdinand E. Marcos, he used executive issuances

known as presidential decrees as a form of legislation.

These decrees have the full force and effect of laws because

at the time the legislature did not exist and, when the 1973

Constitution was put into full force and effect, it gave the

power to the President to do as such. This continued until

the first year of President Corazon C. Aquino’s term.

However, President Aquino opted to used executive orders

instead of presidential decrees. President Aquino’s

executive orders, however, still had the full force and

effect of laws until the ratification of the 1987

Constitution.

3. Power over aliens

The President of the Philippines has certain powers over

non-Filipinos in the Philippines. The powers he may exercise

over foreigners in the country are as follows:

 The chief executive may have an alien in the

Philippines deported from the country after due

process.

26
  The President may change the status of a foreigner, as

prescribed by law, from a non-immigrant status to a

permanent resident status without necessity of visa.

 The President may choose to overrule the Board of

Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration before their

decision becomes final and executory (after 30 days of

the issuance of the decision). The Board of

Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration has

jurisdiction over all deportation cases.

 The president is also mandated by the Administrative

Code of 1987 to exercise powers as recognized by the

generally accepted principles of international law.

4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and

recovery of ill-gotten wealth

The President of the Philippines has the authority to

exercise the power of eminent domain. The power of eminent

domains means the state has the power to seize or authorize

the seizure of private property for public use with just

compensation. There are two constitutional provisions,

however, that limit the exercise of such power: Article III,

Section 9 (1) of the Constitution provides that no person

shall be deprived of his/her life, liberty, or property

without due process of law. Furthermore, Article III,

27
Section 9 (2), provides that private property shall not be

taken for public use without just compensation.

Once the aforementioned conditions are met, the

President may exercise the power of eminent domain which are

as follows:

Power of eminent domain — The President shall determine

when it is necessary or advantageous to exercise the power

of eminent domain in behalf of the national government, and

direct the solicitor general, whenever he deems the action

advisable, to institute expropriation proceedings in the

proper court.

Power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings — The

President shall direct the solicitor general to institute

escheat or reversion proceedings over all lands transferred

or assigned to persons disqualified under the constitution

to acquire land.

Power to reserve lands of the public and private domain

of the government —

(1) The president shall have the power to reserve for

settlement or public use, and for specific public purposes,

any of the lands of the public domain, the use of which is

not otherwise directed by law. The reserved land shall

thereafter remain subject to the specific public purpose

indicated until otherwise provided by law or proclamation.

28
(2) He shall also have the power to reserve from sale or

other disposition and for specific public uses or purposes,

any land belonging to the private domain of the government,

or any of the friar lands, the use of which is not otherwise

directed by law, and thereafter such land shall be used for

the purposes specified by such proclamation until otherwise

provided by law.

Power over ill-gotten wealth — The President shall

direct the solicitor general to institute proceedings to

recover properties unlawfully acquired by public officials

or employees, from them or from their nominees or

transferees.

Within the period fixed in, or any extension thereof

authorized by, the constitution, the President shall have

the authority to recover ill-gotten properties amassed by

the leaders and supporters of the previous regime, and

protect the interest of the people through orders of

sequestration or freezing of assets or accounts.

5. Power of appointment

The President may appoint officials of the Philippine

government as provided by the constitution and laws of the

Philippines. Some of these appointments, however, may need

the approval of the Committee on Appointments (a committee

29
composed of members from the House of Representatives and

the Senate of the Philippines).

6. Power of general supervision over local governments

The President of the Philippines, as chief executive,

has the mandate to supervise local governments in the

Philippines, despite their autonomous status as provided by

Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as the Local

Government Code of 1991.

Traditionally, this is done by the Department of the

Interior and Local Government, headed by a cabinet secretary

—an alter ego of the President.

7. Other powers

Aside from the aforementioned powers of the President

of the Philippines, he can also exercise powers enumerated

in the constitution, and powers given to him by law.

According to Brainard (2016), Two months into his

presidential term, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has

been both admired and reviled, not just in the Philippines

but internationally.

Born in 1945 in Leyte, Southern Philippines, Duterte

served in the local government of Davao City in Mindanao

from 1988 until he ran for president in 2016. He garnered

30
over 16 million votes, beating his closest rival by 6.6

million votes.

Nicknamed “the Punisher” and “Trump of the East,” Duterte’s

folksy ways and unbridled tongue are shrugged off by some as

honest and natural. Others call him a patriot with a genuine

love for the poor. Many praise him for his war on drugs,

which began while he was the Mayor of Davao, a city in

Mindanao where there is Muslim unrest. The Davao Death

Squad, a vigilante group, was responsible for the execution

of individuals suspected of petty crimes and drug dealing in

Davao. Human rights groups discovered skeletal remains of

victims in killing fields. Still, people like to cite how

clean and safe Davao is because of Duterte.

While there are Duterte-fans, many are appalled that he

had called the American Ambassador to the Philippines, a

“gay son of a bitch.” Duterte had also offended many by

his “joke” regarding a 36-year old Australian lay minister

who had been held hostage, raped, and killed in 1989, when

he said, “But she was so beautiful, the mayor should have

been first,” referring to himself. Following criticism from

the United Nations that extrajudicial killings had increased

since he took office, Duterte threatened to withdraw the

Philippines from the UN and form a new organization with

China and African nations.

31
 Duterte’s recent support of the burial of former

Philippine Dictator Ferdinand Marcos in the Heroes Cemetery

(Libingan ng mga Bayani) has been unpopular, as is his harsh

response to his critics. But it is Duterte’s war on drugs

that is making daily headlines. In his two months in office,

nearly 2,000 have been murdered in Duterte’s “war on drugs”

including innocent people. In late August, a five-year-old-

girl, the granddaughter of a reported drug user, was shot to

death in her family’s store by two assassins on motorcycles.

The Duterte Revolution

According to Jose (2016), we are at the start of a

revolution that is uniquely Filipino in the same way that

Edsa he was. The past decades that were a slow drift to an

implosion due to rampant corruption, weakened institutions

and the apathy of Filipinos have finally been arrested—not

by a man on a white horse, or a soldier atop a tank, but

through the ballot by a foul-mouthed Indio, the first

politician courageous enough to challenge the Catholic

Church and the powerful, arrogant and, yes, unclean media.

His ideology in its basic simplicity is love of country and

people, and a willingness to sacrifice for it.

The ramifications of Mr. Duterte’s assault on the

rotten status quo, which has begun with the war on drugs,

32
will go deeper into the matrix of our society and government

as police, politicians and powerful Filipinos are subjected

to the harsh scrutiny of the revolution. Eventually the

highest enclaves of privilege will feel its impact for the

simple reason that rampant corruption also afflicts our

business and banking sectors.

Many of our problems are due to the irresponsibility of

the oligarchs; they are the No. 1 culprit of our economic

and moral decline. They argue and make decisions from

comfortable positions. The revolution is happening, and they

cannot see it. Perhaps, when it reaches them, they will be

forced to be more socially involved and invest in

enterprises that will “spread money like fertilizer.” They

may even bring home the money they have stashed or invested

abroad, and participate in the resurgence of ethics and

patriotism.

Populist programs particularly in education, in health

and in housing are an absolute necessity, but they should

not cultivate mendicancy. It is important that many jobs are

created as President Roosevelt did during America’s Great

Depression. The monetary aid being dispensed to the very

poor under the past administration should be stopped and

jobs put in its place.

33
 Populist programs should not bankrupt the economy and

result in dire shortages of food and medicines, as is

happening in oil-rich Venezuela. Apart from creating jobs

and therefore increasing production, the Duterte

administration should also widen the tax base and intensify

tax collection. As in the United States, tax evasion should

be dealt with severely by imprisonment and confiscation of

assets. There is hardly anyone in this country that is put

in jail for tax evasion. It will take a lot of courage to do

this, but President Duterte has tons of it.

His massive support cuts across ethnicities, across

social, economic and generational divides. All sorts of

people supported his election, among them those who saw

where the wind was blowing. Even the Moros did. The Left did

not; as in Edsa I, their feet were not on the ground. They

supported Grace Poe, unmindful of the big money that was

behind her.

Yet, upon occupying office, President Duterte took the

high moral ground by accommodating the communist left and

extending a hand to the Moro rebels. The response of these

rebel movements to his offer of a unilateral ceasefire and

peace will validate—or invalidate—their sincerity. It is

only with peace that we can have real development.

34
 The first weeks of the Duterte administration have

given us hope in several sectors—in agriculture, in the

welfare of our overseas Filipino workers, in transportation,

education, housing, telecommunications and services. And

most of all, access to the very top for the aggrieved, and

transparency of government transactions, long withheld by

politicians and the powerful with secrets to hide.

His major failing, as I see it, is his accommodation of

the Marcos dictatorship. Why? He is fully aware of its evil,

its immoral excesses, and its singular role in impoverishing

our country. For that reason it is too early to be euphoric.

Make no mistake, though. This revolution is rooted in ethics

and patriotism, as were most revolutions in the past.

It will not be a quick fix. The Mexican and Vietnamese

revolutions lasted one generation; we must be prepared for

the painful process, the collateral damage, the emotional

travail.

Yet there is no certitude, no guarantee, that this

revolution will create a free and just society. Remember how

the French revolution devoured its own children, Madame

Roland exclaiming before the guillotine, “Oh liberty, what

crimes are committed in your name!”

That revolution ushered in Napoleon, just like the

American revolutionary war preceded the civil war, the

35
Chinese revolution brought about the great proletarian

cultural revolution that decimated hundreds of thousands,

and the Iranian revolution brought about Islamic

fundamentalism. But the revolutions changed these countries

forever. For this is what every revolution does: It alters

society, and transfers power from the oppressor to the

oppressed.

It is a risk that all people must take to be free of

oppression, to have justice. It is up to the survivors of

any revolution to realize that it does not bring immediate

social benefits to the people. At its conclusion, it is

precisely at this opportune time that revolutionaries have

to work harder to make that cataclysmic change bear fruit.

It is the time when they should depart to be replaced by

excellent administrators who have the technical knowledge

and expertise for development. The sword must now be forged

into a plowshare.

In ushering in meaningful change for the Philippines,

President Duterte has incurred the wrath of so many in all

levels of society, from the slums to the perfumed precincts

of the very rich who feel that their status and privileges

are threatened. It is very possible that this very day,

conspiracies are being hatched to assassinate him. If such

36
plans succeed, they may well halt the revolution although

several changes have been made permanent.

But our past has shown how Filipinos easily forget and

are not all that vigilant. Soon, the baser side of our

nature, our instincts, will prevail. President Magsaysay

brought about a clean government but upon his death in 1957,

in that airplane crash which up to this very day is

considered by many as sabotage, corruption returned

instantly. And the very stalwarts who supported Magsaysay

could do little to stop the resurgence of this evil.

Whatever good the Duterte revolution succeeds in

implanting in the Filipino consciousness must therefore be

made permanent, institutionalized. This can be made possible

by constant testing under stress, as metals are tested and

strengthened by fire, and by also ingesting in our hearts

the ideal of love of country and people—and the willingness

to sacrifice for it—so that we can redeem this

unhappy country at last.

37
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, respondents

of the study, research sites, instruments used, statistical

treatment of the data and data gathering process.

Research Method

38
 The researchers utilized the descriptive method of

research in determining the perception of CMBT students on

Duterte’s Administration.

According to Mariano (2006), descriptive type of

research usually starts with a theory or a general statement

proposing a general relationship between variables. This is

typically concentrates on measuring or counting and involves

collecting and analyzing numerical data and applying

statistical tests.

The Research Locale

The study was conducted in Nueva Ecija University of

Science and Technology in the City of Cabanatuan

specifically in the province of Nueva Ecija. It is

considered as one of the state universities in the

educational hub of the province. The study was limited to

the college students with the degree Bachelor of Science in

Business Administration who are currently enrolled in Nueva

Ecija University of Science and Technology at the time of

the conduct of the study.

Location Map

39
 Figure 2. Location Map

The Respondents

The study involved four hundred (400) college students

of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology. The

researchers focused on college students taking Bachelor of

Science in Business Administration wherein they are also

40
enrolled at the time of the conduct of the study. The number

of respondents was set by purposive sampling under the Non-

Probability Sampling in selecting group.

Table 1
The Respondents and their year Level

No. of Students Year level

100 1st year
100 2nd year
100 3rd year
100 4th year
Total: 400

The Instrument

The researchers used questionnaire as instrument in

gathering data. This type of questionnaire calls for a short

answer only requiring checking of items. The concerns and

items explored in the questionnaire were made by the

researchers and based on the objectives of the study.

The questionnaires were checked and approved by the

research adviser before the distribution of the instrument.

In addition to that, the researchers also conducted face-to-

face interview to get additional information.

Validation of the Instrument

The survey-questionnaire underwent careful checking for

correctness of the statements. Researchers’ adviser also

assisted them in the formulation of the questionnaire with

the statement of the problem as guide.

41
Administration of the Instrument

The collection and gathering of data is the primary

source of information of the researchers in coming up for

conclusion. The researchers were aided by a questionnaire

that served as the source of information.

In order for the researchers to identify the

respondents of the study, they personally met the selected

CMBT students as the respondents of the research study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The demographic profile of the respondents and their

perception on Duterte’s administration was analyzed based on

the responses that were derived from the self-made

questionnaire administered by the researchers.

The total weighted frequency and total weighted mean

was computed in order to be able to evaluate and analyze the

responses. The formulae were:

For Percentage:

F
P= x 100
N

Where:

P = Percentage

42
 F = Frequency

N = Total number of respondents

100 = Constant multiplier

For weighted mean:

TWF
WM =
N

Where:

WM = Weighted mean

TWF = Total Weighted Frequency

N = Total number of respondents

For weighted frequency:

WF = W x f

Where:

WF = Weighted Frequency

W = Degree of response

f = Frequency

The computed weighted mean for all of the responses of

the respondents were given class interval and equivalent

verbal interpretation. The Likert Scale served as the

options offered to respondents for a response which

corresponds as follows:

43
 Verbal Interpretation for Weighted Mean

Weight Class interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree

3 2.61 – 3.40 Moderately Agree

2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results of the survey,

analysis and interpretation of data conducted to the group

44
of NEUST College students with the degree Bachelor of

Science in Business Administration.

1. Profile of the Respondents

Table 2
Age of the Respondents

Age Frequency Percentage

15-20 years old 267 66.75%
21-25 years old 120 30.00%
26-30 years old 13 3.25
Total 400 100%

Table 2 shows the age of the respondents. It is shown

that two hundred sixty-seven (267) or 66.75% of the

respondents’ age ranged from 15-20 years old, one hundred

twenty (120) or 30.00% of the respondents’ age ranged from

21-25 years old and thirteen (13) or 3.25% were in the age

bracket of 26-30 years of age.

Out of the four hundred (400) respondents in the survey

comprising of NEUST-BSBA students taking Bachelor of Science

in Business Administration, majority of the respondents were

in the early adulthood age that ranged from 15-20 years old.

This is not quite surprising since the tertiary education in

the Philippines is dominated by this group. This is

supported by Hamada (2014) wherein the "right" age to

graduate is whatever age you are when you've fulfilled the

requirements to obtain your degree--and even that is

45
debatable. In the US, most people are 18 when they begin

college. Thus, many graduates are 22 when they finish a 4-

year program on time.

Table 3
Sex of the Respondents

Age F %
Male 113 28.25%
Female 287 71.75%
Total 400 100%

Table 3 shows the sex of the respondents. It is shown

in the table that 287 or 71.75% of the respondents were

female and 113 or 28.25% were male.

The result implies that most of the respondents were

female and holds true that even until now, the education is

still dominated by female. According to Quismundo (2012),

the dominance of enrolled females in schools is not unique

to the Philippines but is apparently a global trend. It is

supported by the figures of NSCB that 269,877 of 481,862

Filipino college graduates (56 percent) in 2010 were women.

2. Perceptions of the Respondents

Table 4
Respondents’ Perception on Duterte’s Leadership

I. Leadership Weighted Verbal

Mean Interpretation

46
1. As a leader, Pres. Duterte
uses a combination of
different leadership skills 3.60 Agree
characterized by firmness
in decisions.
2. He is taking responsibility
for every action made, and 4.31 Strongly Agree
has ability to accomplish
the desired outcomes.
3. He is a transactional
leader with charisma to the 4.79 Strongly Agree
masses.
4. He actively monitors the
work performed by
subordinates and executes 4.28 Strongly Agree
corrective actions if
deviations from expected
standards occur.
5. He is an entrepreneurial
leader, a risk taker, and a
negotiator and he is brave 3.93 Agree
in the face of physical
danger.
Average Weighted Mean 4.18 Agree

Table 4 shows the respondents’ perception on Duterte’s

Leadership. Item 3 “He is a transactional leader with

charisma to the masses.” obtained the highest weighted mean

of 4.79 interpreted as Strongly Agree while item 1 “As a

leader, Pres. Duterte uses a combination of different

leadership skills characterized by firmness in decisions.”

obtained the lowest weighted mean of 3.60 interpreted as

Agree.

The results imply that the respondents strongly agreed

that, as students, they have a positive outlook towards

47
Duterte’s performance in terms of leadership. Furthermore,

the respondents are aware that, as students, they also

considered President Duterte as a charismatic leader of the

Republic of the Philippines.

The good thing about Duterte is that it is clear that

he loves the country and the people so much. According to an

interview with one of the respondents, he would like to give

him the benefit of the doubt that all his statements whether

good or bad have come from a deep longing for genuine and

lasting change to happen in the country.

In his first two months in office, President Duterte is

personally seen how would go out of his way to show concern

and empathy to the families affected by crimes (Keh, 2016).

According to Emperor (2015), charisma is, perhaps

obviously, a key quality in leadership and at the most basic

level, trying to engage and drive every individual is

considerably more difficult without this attribute to back

it up. In fact, almost every facet of leadership is affected

by charisma in one way or another. Delegating work and

driving cost-cutting initiatives, for example, are both made

easier if the individual is someone that people can buy into

and respect, and this tends to be influenced by charisma.

Table 5
Respondents’ Perception on Duterte’s Peace and Order

48
II. Peace and Order Weighted Verbal
Mean Interpretation
1. Every city is achieving
peace across the streets 4.88 Strongly Agree
because of his commitment
to the public.
2. Total elimination of “drug
related cases” contributes 4.71 Strongly Agree
to the safety of all the
Filipinos.
3. Majority of the people now
feel safe walking in the 4.61 Strongly Agree
streets late night.
4. The country started to
attain peace which most
Filipinos think as 4.43 Strongly Agree
permanent and lasting in
Duterte’s administration.
5. There is a strict
implementation on rules of
the government which 4.40 Strongly Agree
minimizes and lessens the
number of lawbreakers.
Average Weighted Mean 4.61 Strongly Agree

Table 5 shows the respondents’ perception on Duterte’s

peace and Order.

Item 1 “Every city is achieving peace across the

streets because of his commitment to the public.” obtained

the highest weighted mean of 4.88 interpreted as Strongly

Agree while item 5 “There is a strict implementation on

rules of the government which minimizes and lessens the

number of lawbreakers.” obtained the lowest weighted mean of

4.40 interpreted also as Strongly Agree.

49
 The results imply that the respondents perceived the

pros and cons of Duterte’s administration when it comes to

peace and order and they keep believing that peace is

evident in every street in our country.

According to Varilla (2016), Duterte pointed out that

law enforcement agencies can now address issues on peace and

order and security through the active partnership of the

community, and the police, and also our force multipliers,

like the barangay tanods, police auxiliaries, private

security sector and civilian volunteers. The Philippine

National Police (PNP) continues to implement plans and

programs aimed at promoting community participation in

maintaining law and order.

Table 6
Respondents’ Perception on Duterte’s Economic Growth

III. Economy Weighted Verbal

1. Duterte’s administration Mean Interpretation
continues and maintains
current macroeconomic 3.65 Agree

50
 policies, including fiscal,
monetary, and trade
policies.
2. He promotes rural and
values chain development
toward increasing 4.30 Strongly Agree
agricultural and rural
enterprise productivity and
rural tourism.
3. There are improved social
protection programs,
including the government's 4.01 Agree
Conditional Cash Transfer
program and other security
services.
4. Implementation of the
Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Law is 4.74 Strongly Agree
now strengthened to
minimize poverty.
5. End of contract is
prohibited to eliminate the
burden of employees both in 4.83 Strongly Agree
public and private sectors.
Average Weighted Mean 4.31 Strongly Agree

Table 6 shows the respondents’ perception on Duterte’s

Economic growth.

Item 5 “End of contract is prohibited to eliminate the

burden of employees both in public and private sectors.”

obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.83 interpreted as

Strongly Agree while item 1 “Duterte’s administration

continues and maintains current macroeconomic policies,

including fiscal, monetary, and trade policies.” obtained

the lowest weighted mean of 3.65 interpreted as Agree.

51
 Overall, the items on the Economy growth in Duterte’s

administration obtained a general weighted mean of 4.31

interpreted as Strongly Agree.

The results imply that the respondents are aware of the

economic growth brought about by Duterte’s administration.

According to Ramos and Santos (2016), harping on

Duterte’s campaign pledge, he has issued a stern warning to

businessmen practicing “endo” (end of contract), the

colloquial term for contractualization, an illegal hiring

system which denies workers of regular employment. Duterte

reiterated his administration’s “no tolerance” policy

against contractualization, saying he had directed

government agencies to check the records of businesses

engaged in the illegal practice.

Economic growth accelerated in the first three months

of President Rodrigo Duterte’s term, beating forecasts on

the back of growing investments and a rebound in

agriculture. (Guinto, 2016).

Table 7
Respondents’ Perception on Duterte’s Government Services

IV. Government Services Weighted Verbal

1. He pursues a "human" Mean Interpretation
approach for development
with improvements in 4.89 Strongly Agree

52
 health, social welfare,
education, food and
housing.
2. The validity of a driver's
license is now extended
from three to five years, 4.95 Strongly Agree
while passport will be made
valid for 10 years from the
current five.
3. He formulates a plan and
accelerates the deployment
of fiber optic cables to
improve internet speed with 4.00 Agree
the help of Department of
Information and
Communications Technology.
4. Government services are
improved such as processing
applications for permits 4.45 Strongly Agree
and licenses, clearances
and other applications.
5. Duterte gets rid government
agencies, police and the
military of deep-rooted
corruption, “Backer system”
and “Bribe system”, if not
totally eliminated, is
4.86 Strongly Agree
minimized. The removal of
red tape reduces
transaction times and
removes “redundant’
requirements of government
offices.
Average Weighted Mean 4.63 Strongly Agree

Table 7 shows the respondents’ perception on Duterte’s

government services.

Item 1 “He pursues a "human" approach for development

with improvements in health, social welfare, education, food

53
and housing.” obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.89

interpreted as Strongly Agree while item 3 “He formulates a

plan and accelerates the deployment of fiber optic cables to

improve internet speed with the help of Department of

Information and Communications Technology.” obtained the

lowest weighted mean of 4.00 interpreted as Agree.

Overall, the items on the Economy growth in Duterte’s

government services obtained an average weighted mean of

4.63 interpreted as Strongly Agree.

The results imply that the Duterte administration made

a powerful push for better governance designed to reduce

corruption and increase transparency, accountability and

participatory decision making. Duterte’s plan is anchored in

the vision of Philippines commitment of providing quality

services which aims to tackle the grand challenges of

improving public services, increasing public integrity and

managing public resources more effectively.

According to Rahemtulla (2015), Philippines strong

economy is coupled with commitments to improving governance

and it has to increase confidence in the country’s prospects

to achieve inclusive growth. Since taking office, the

Duterte administration has made substantial improvements in

areas such as budget formulation and transparency, open

data, procurement and citizen participation. These measures

54
are not just common sense, they also build trust with

constituencies that have not always seen the government as a

partner. This has helped to support a process of coalition

building to ensure that this confidence becomes a reality.

3. Implications of the study to education and business

sector

The researchers believed that after careful analysis

and interpretation of data gathered from the selected NEUST-

BSBA students, this study would really give information on

the business sector, that, businessmen asked Duterte

administration to improve transport networks, Internet

speed, and to review the popular conditional cash transfer

program which are now being prioritized by the

administration.

The results of the study will also be beneficial to

education since it can provide information on how the new

administration impacts the Filipino community towards

economic growth. Future researchers, whether in the school,

private and public sectors can use this study as basis in

formulating a theory in regarding the effectiveness of

different leadership styles in the governance of the

country.

55
 Lastly, the results can be used by different agencies

in the business sector so they can have a preference whether

to invest or not in the Philippines, knowing that President

Duterte is a well-known personality because of his

charismatic personality to the community.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings,

conclusions and recommendations of the researchers based on

the actual data gathered.

56
Summary of Findings

Profile of the Respondents

In determining the desired results of this study, the

researchers utilized the percentage formula in the treatment

of data gathered for the demographic profile of the

respondents. Data were tallied and the results are stated

below:

1. As to the age of the respondents, two hundred sixty-

seven (267) or 66.75% of the respondents’ age ranged

from 15-20 years old, one hundred twenty (120) or

30.00% of the respondents’ age ranged from 21-25

years old and thirteen (13) or 3.25% were in the age

bracket of 26-30 years of age.

2. As to sex of the respondents, 287 or 71.75% of the

respondents were female and 113 or 28.25% were male.

Perceptions on Duterte’s Administration

1. In Duterte’s leadership, Item 3 “He is a transactional

leader with charisma to the masses.” obtained the

highest weighted mean of 4.79 interpreted as Strongly

Agree while item 1 “As a leader, Pres. Duterte uses a

57
 combination of different leadership skills

characterized by firmness in decisions.” obtained the

lowest weighted mean of 3.60 interpreted as Agree.

2. For peace and order, Item 1 “Every city is achieving

peace across the streets because of his commitment to

the public.” obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.88

interpreted as Strongly Agree while item 5 “There is a

strict implementation on rules of the government which

minimizes and lessens the number of lawbreakers.”

obtained the lowest weighted mean of 4.40 interpreted

also as Strongly Agree.

3. In Duterte’s Economic growth, Item 5 “End of contract

is prohibited to eliminate the burden of employees both

in public and private sectors.” obtained the highest

weighted mean of 4.83 interpreted as Strongly Agree

while item 1 “Duterte’s administration continues and

maintains current macroeconomic policies, including

fiscal, monetary, and trade policies.” obtained the

lowest weighted mean of 3.65 interpreted as Agree.

Overall, the items on the Economy growth in Duterte’s

administration obtained a general weighted mean of 4.31

interpreted as Strongly Agree.

4. Lastly, in performance of the government services under

the Duterte’s administration, Item 1 “He pursues a

58
 "human" approach for development with improvements in

health, social welfare, education, food and housing.”

obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.89 interpreted

as Strongly Agree while item 3 “He formulates a plan

and accelerates the deployment of fiber optic cables to

improve internet speed with the help of Department of

Information and Communications Technology.” obtained

the lowest weighted mean of 4.00 interpreted as Agree.

Overall, the items on the Economy growth in Duterte’s

government services obtained an average weighted mean

of 4.63 interpreted as Strongly Agree.

Implications of the Study

The researchers believed that after careful analysis

and interpretation of data gathered from the selected NEUST-

BSBA students, this study would really give information on

the business sector, that, businessmen asked Duterte

administration to improve transport networks, Internet

speed, and to review the popular conditional cash transfer

program which are now being prioritized by the

administration.

The results of the study will also be beneficial to

education since it can provide information on how the new

59
administration impacts the Filipino community towards

economic growth. Future researchers, whether in the school,

private and public sectors can use this study as basis in

formulating a theory in regarding the effectiveness of

different leadership styles in the governance of the

country.

Lastly, the results can be used by different agencies

in the business sector so they can have a preference whether

to invest or not in the Philippines, knowing that President

Duterte is a well-known personality because of his

charismatic personality to the community.

Conclusions

Based on the findings which where summarized, the

following are the conclusions raised by the researchers

which are follows:

1. Majority of the respondents were in the age bracket 15-

20 years old which is the right age to be qualified to

take a college degree program and graduate on a

preferred time;

2. Majority of the respondents were female, that education

is still dominated by females like in other school

institutions.

60
 3. President Duterte is a transactional leader with

charisma to the Filipino community.

4. Peace and order is a priority of President Duterte,

that, he maximizes available resources to provide

safety and security to every Filipino citizen.

5. Respondents perceived the programs of Duterte’s

administration in a way that it can provide security of

tenure to every employee.

6. Government services are now improved since everyone can

now process their applications online.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following

recommendations were made:

1. A further study may be conducted to revisit this

research paper for a more defined recommendations and

improved opportunities.

2. The Duterte administration should improve and maintain

its commitment to the public in providing safety and

security to every families.

3. War on drugs should be carefully assessed to avoid any

circumstances that will put innocent lives at risk.

61
4. The researchers encourage all students to be observant

in Duterte’s administration so that they are well-

informed of what is really happening.

DOCUMENTATIONS

62
During the actual distribution of the survey-questionnaires

63
During the process of answering the survey-questionnaires

64
CURRICULUM VITAE

65
Name : MARIFE P. BRIONES

Age : 30 years old

Address : Sumacab Este, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Birthdate : February 28, 1997

Sex : Female

Religion : Independiente

Mother : Mrs. Magdalena A. Pajela

Father : Mr. Felix T. Pajela Sr. (+)

Educational Background

Elementary : Tayug Central Elementary School

Tayug, Pangasinan

Secondary : PHINMA- Araullo University

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Tertiary : Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration

CURRICULUM VITAE

66
Name : HAIDEE D. ABESTROS

Age : 21 years old

Address : Brgy. Osmeña, Talugtug, Nueva Ecija

Birthdate : April 14, 1995

Sex : Female

Religion : Roman Catholic

Mother : Pastora D. Abestros

Father : Larry R. Abestros (+)

Educational Background

Elementary : Talugtug East Central School

Osmeña, Talugtug, Nueva Ecija

Secondary : Talugtug National High School

Cabiangan, Talugtug, Nueva Ecija

Tertiary : Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration

CURRICULUM VITAE

67
Name : JAYMEE V. BERNARDO

Age : 19 years old

Address : Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Birthdate : January 28, 1998

Sex : Female

Religion : Roman Catholic

Mother : Mrs. Jennifer Bernardo

Father : Mr. Jimmy Bernardo

Educational Background

Elementary : Ricardo L. Joson Elementary School

Dulong Bayan, Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Secondary : Eduardo L. Joson Memorial High School

Bertese, Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Tertiary : Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration

CURRICULUM VITAE

68
Name : HENZEL DHAZE C. CALLEJO

Age : 19 years old

Address : Tampac 1, Guimba, Nueva Ecija

Birthdate : October 18, 1997

Sex : Female

Religion : Born Again

Mother : Mrs. Girlie Callejo

Father : Mr. Jesus Callejo

Educational Background

Elementary : San Roque Elementary School

San Roque, Guimba, Nueva Ecija

Secondary : Santiago City High School

Caloocan, Santiago City, Isabela

Tertiary : Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration

CURRICULUM VITAE

69
Name : EDUARDO BAUTISTA, JR.

Age : 29 years old

Address : Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija

Birthdate : January 28, 1988

Sex : Male

Religion : Roman Catholic

Mother : Mrs. Josiphine Bautista

Father : Mr. Eduardo Bautista

Educational Background

Elementary : Carmen Elementary School

Carmen, Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija

Secondary : Carmen National High School

Carmen, Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija

Tertiary : Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Business
Administration

BIBLIOGRAPHY

70
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http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/economy.html on
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