SELF-LEARNING MODULES

ARTS 8
THIRD QUARTER

Quarter 3 - WEEK 1 - 4
Lesson 1- 4:
South, Central, and West Asian Arts

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and created especially for you. This will help you
understand the vocal and instrumental music of South Asia and Middle East.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

This module was designed and created especially for you. This will help you
understand South, Central and West Asian Arts.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. analyze elements and principles of art in the production of arts and crafts
inspired by the cultures of South Asia, West Asia, and Central Asia.
2. identify characteristics of arts and crafts in specific countries in South, West
and Central Asia: India (rangoli, katak, mendhi, diwali); Saudi Arabia (carpet
design); Pakistan (truck art); and Tibet (mandala).
3. reflect on and derive the mood, idea or message from selected artifacts and art
objects.
4. appreciate the artifacts and art objects in terms of their utilization and their
distinct use of art elements and principles.
5. incorporate the design, form, and spirit of South, West, and Central Asian
artifacts and objects to one’s creation.
6. trace the external (foreign) and internal (indigenous) influences that are
reflected in the design of an artwork and in the making of a craft.

What I Know

Before you start reading this module and performing your learning tasks, let us
check what you already know about the South, Central and West Asian Arts.

Pre-Assessment
A. Directions: Read each question carefully, and then choose the letter with the best
answer. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided in this module.

1. They are typically produced on paper or cloth, draws on surface with threads,
fashioned in bronze or built-in stone.
a. Mandala b. Rangoli c. Rugs d. Truck Art

2. A term from the Sanskrit word ’rangavalli’ which means rows of color.
a. Mandala b. Rangoli c. Rugs d. Truck Art

3. A brightly flamboyant truck painted with images in Pakistan.

a. Mandala b. Rangoli c. Rugs d. Truck Art

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Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
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4. Arabian carpets are primarily made of ____
a. Aluminum b. Metal c. Plastic d. Wool

5. These are circles contained within a square arranged into sections that are all
organized around a single, central point.
a. Mandala b. Rangoli c. Rugs d. Truck Art

6. It is celebrated by Hindus in India and known as the “Festivals of Lights”.

A. Diwali B. Butter Lamp C. Lakshmi D. Shiva

7. It is a small piece of desert crafted from dried camel skin.

A. Butter Lamp B. Camel Skin Lamp C. Incense Burners D. Shiva

8. It is a lamp used in every Tibetan temple, household, and altar.

A. Butter Lamp B. Camel Skin Lamp C. Incense Burners D. Shiva

9. It is made of wood with the shallow part covered in lead and decorated with
brass.
A. Butter Lamp B. Camel Skin Lamp C. Incense Burners D. Shiva

10. It refers to Hindu Goddess of wealth

A. Diwali B. Butter Lamp C. Lakshmi D. Shiva

B. Identify which country the picture come from. Write your answer on the blank
below the number.

1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. ________________

4. __________________ 5. _____________________

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Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
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 What is It

Development of Traditional and Functional Arts and Crafts of South, Central

and West Asia (India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Tibet)

INDIA
Periods of Indian Art Ancient Period (3900 BCE-1200 CE)

Some evidences of the early civilization are bronze and copper statuettes and
steatite seals, which show vigor and concern for surface texture as constantly
characterized in Indian art.
The Ajanta Caves of Maharashtra, India are 30 rock-cut cave monuments that
date back from the 2nd century BCE to the 600 CE, including paintings and
sculptures considered to be masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, as well as frescos
that are reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka.

Ajanta Caves of Maharashtra, India paintings in the Ajanta Caves

Classical Period (5th to 6th centuries)

The image of Shiva (as illustrated in the picture), the destroyer,

develops into Shiva the Cosmic-dancer represented by a four-
armed figure, where one hand holds the fire with which he
destroys, another holds a drum, which is the first sound heard
in the world during creation, then the third arm points up in a
reassuring gesture, and a fourth arm points down to the dwarf
in which he dances to.

Islamic Ascendancy (1192-1757) or Transitional Period

This was the period of evolution from Vedism

into Hinduism or Brahmanism. The two great
Indian epics: the Mahabharata and the
Ramayana emerged in this period.

Mahabharata Ramayana

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Mogul period ( 16th Century)

Moguls contributed to the enrichment of Indian

culture, in painting and in architecture. The most
splendid example is the Taj Majal built in 1632 by
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.

PAKISTAN
Pakistani architecture is divided into four recognized periods:
❖ Pre-Islamic
❖ Islamic
❖ Colonial
❖ Post-Colonial

Around the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE, an advanced urban culture
developed for the first time in the region, with large buildings, some of which still
survive to this day like Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, and Kot Diji which are among the
pre-Islamic settlements that are now tourist attractions.

Mohenjo Daro Harappa Kot Diji

The marvelous artisanship is the

most renowned cultural identification
of Pakistan. Pakistani artisans are
very brilliant and genius in their skill.
Whether it is embroidery, weaving,
printing or designing they are master
in every quality.

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Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
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 SAUDI ARABIA

The culture of Saudi Arabia is defined by its Islamic heritage, its historical role
as an ancient trade center, and its Bedouin traditions.

Saudi society has evolved over the years their values and traditions- from
customs, hospitality to their style of dressing, adapting with modernization. Islam
influenced nearly all aspects of Arabian cultural and spiritual life, but it is the deep
roots of Nomadic Bedouin society that shaped the country’s Cultural Heritage in
traditional crafts.

Saudi Arabia has a rich history of crafts. These were not working of art, rather
the essence of daily life in the Kingdom.

1. Weaving
From camel shoulder decorations to tents, the Saudis of the past weaved
everything! The prominent design in Bedouin weaving is the longitudinal stripes in
plain weaves.

2. Pots
Pottery would be used for the storage of food. A hole would be dug in the
ground to keep the pot. The common method of making these was wheel throwing.

3. Dowry Baskets
Most found in the Qatif region, these baskets would be used by brides to carry
their dowry. These would be carried on the head, with the smaller basket on top.

4. Dresses and costumes

Traditional Saudi costumes are usually very decorative and in combinations
of black and burgundy.

5. Baskets
Palm fiber from palm leaf and grass blades would be used to make circular
mats and baskets.

6. Jewelry
While men would adorn their rides or swords, women adorned themselves with
jewelry. These were also considered the signs of a woman’s status and wealth.

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
 TIBET

For more than a thousand years, Tibetan artists have played a key role in the
cultural life of Tibet. From designs for painted furniture to elaborate murals in
religious buildings, their efforts have permeated virtually every facet of life on the
Tibetan plateau.

Most surviving artworks created before the mid-20th century are dedicated to
the depiction of religious subjects, with the main forms being thangka, distemper
paintings on cloth.

Tibetan men and women use rich displays of artifacts, or jewelry

as a way of expressing their happiness and importance.

Tibetan clothing is a great display of Tibetan culture- it reflects

the cultures values and beliefs.

Women are wearing traditional Tibetan dress. The apron is worn

to indicate she is married. If a woman becomes a widow or
divorced, she no longer wears an apron.

Elements and Principles of Arts

INDIA: RANGOLI

The term ‘Rangoli’ is derived from

the Sanskrit word ‘rangavalli’
which means rows of colors. It is an
art form, originating in the Indian
subcontinent, in which patterns are
created on the floor or the ground
using materials such as colored rice,
colored sand, quartz powder, flower
petals, and colored rocks. The
purpose of rangoli is to feel
strength, generosity, and it is thought to bring good luck. Design depictions may
also vary as they reflect traditions, folklore, and practices that are unique to each
area. It is customarily observed on special occasions like festivals such as Diwali,
marriage, birthdays, engagements, housewarming ceremonies and so on.
The traditional form of Rangoli made use of designs and motifs based on
nature, such as mangoes, creepers, flowers, swans, peacocks, etc. Even the colors in
the traditional art form was extracted from natural dyes, like barks of trees, leaves,
indigo plant, etc. These days, synthetic dyes have replaced the natural dyes pf the
earlier times.

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
SAUDI ARABIA: ARABIAN RUGS

Throughout the Arabian world, you can find an

abundance of both kilims, or flat-weave carpets,
and pile carpets. You can find different knots
used as well. The artistic boundaries of carpet
production techniques and design are not bound
by the rigid lines that separate our modern
nations. Arabian carpets are primarily made from
wool, but one finds a broader variety of materials
in the area as compared to other regions of the world. Cotton and flax are easily
grown in the northern portion of Egypt. You can find carpet that use both cotton and
linen threads. You can also find rugs made from camel hair and goat hair in some
areas. Sometimes, silk is used too.

PAKISTAN: TRUCK ART

Truck art is a popular form of regional
decoration in South Asia, with Pakistani and
Indian trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns
and calligraphy.
In Pakistan, brightly flamboyant trucks painted
with images of idealized landscapes, famous
personalities, flowers, and trees turned village
lanes, city streets, and long-distance highways
into a gallery without walls; a free-form,
kaleidoscopic exhibition in motion.
Many trucks and buses are highly customized and decorated by their owners.
The decoration often contains elements that remind the truck drivers of home. The
art is a mode of expression for the truck drivers. Decoration may include structural
changes, paintings, calligraphy, and ornamental-decor like mirror work on the front
and back of vehicles and wooden carvings on the truck doors. Depictions of various
historical scenes and poetic verses are also common.
TIBET: TIBETAN MANDALA
A mandala is a spiritual and ritual symbol in
Asian cultures. It can be understood in two
different ways: externally as a visual
representation of the universe or internally
as a guide for several practices that take
place in many Asian traditions, including
meditation. In Hinduism and Buddhism, the
belief is that by entering the mandala and
proceeding towards its center, you are guided
through the cosmic process of transforming the universe from one of suffering into
one of joy and happiness.

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Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
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 In their most basic form, mandalas are circles contained within a square and
arranged into sections that are all organized around a single, central point. They’re
typically produced on paper or cloth, drawn on a surface with threads, fashioned in
bronze, or built-in stone. While extraordinary as a standalone work of art, mandalas
hold symbolic and meditative meaning beyond their vibrant appearance.

ARTIFACTS and ARTS OBJECTS of SOUTH, CENTRAL and WEST ASIAN ARTS
(India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tibet)

INDIA: DIWALI

Diwali, or Dipawali, (Festival of Lights) is

India's biggest and most important holiday of
the year. The festival gets its name from the
row (avali) of clay lamps (deepa/diya) that
Indians light outside their homes to
symbolize the inner light that protects them
from spiritual darkness.
Hindus interpret the Diwali story based upon where they live. But there is one
common theme no matter where people celebrate: the victory of good over evil.
It is celebrated by Hindus in India and all around the world in October or
November. It is the Hindu New Year and a 3 day or 5-day holiday depending on where
you come from. It is a very exciting and colorful holiday, where homes are cleaned to
welcome the New Year and windows are opened so that the Hindu goddess of wealth,
Lakshmi can enter. Hindus believe that she cannot enter a house which is not lit up,
so every households burns special Diwali clay lamps (diyas) to light the way for the
goddess. Therefore, the holiday is also known as the “Festivals of Lights.”
SAUDI ARBIA: INCENSE BURNERS
These are still used today in most Saudi homes. Earlier it was
made of wood with the shallow part covered in lead and
decorated with brass. They would also contain mirror designs
on the sides. Incense burners were made from clay in some
regions.

PAKISTAN: CAMEL SKIN LAMP

Small piece of desert crafted from dried camel skin in
deserts of Cholistan and Multan and then painted over to
create a unique craft not found anywhere else in the world.
Light pierces through the porous camel skin to create
shadows of the desert night.

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Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
TIBET: BUTTER LAMP

The light from the flame of the Butter lamp

symbolizes the wisdom of the awakened mind,
dispelling the darkness of delusion and mental
obscurations. Butter lamps are used in nearly
every Tibetan temple, household, and altar.

Indigenous and Foreign influences of Arts in South Asia, West Asia, and
Central Asia (India, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Tibet)

SOUTHEAST ASIAN INDIGENOUS FOREIGN INFLUENCE

COUNTRY INFLUENCE
INDIA: Chitra Lakshana, an Sri Lankan homes where
Rangoli early treatise on Indian the ritual is maintained
It is one of the most painting, attributed the amidst challenges, the
beautiful and most idea of rangoli to Lord designs are brought to
pleasing art forms of Brahma. Traditional form life using colored rice, dry
India. It comes from the of rangoli made use of flour, flower petals,
words “rang” meaning designs and motifs based turmeric, vermillion, and
color and “aavalli” on nature such as colored sand which is
meaning colored creepers flowers, swans, peacocks, dyed and dried in
or row of colors. etc. advance. The patterns
include the face of Hindu
deities, peacock motifs
and floral designs.
SAUDI ARABIA: Arabian carpets consist North African Carpets
Arabian Rug of a field of interlocking refer to those produced in
geometric shapes. Tunisia, Morocco, and
Typically, a warp is Another feature that is Egypt. The Moroccan
tightly strung on a loom often seen is Arabic rugs include the Berber
vertically. The individual calligraphy in the carpets that are made
knots are tied on the design. Sometimes, one from un-dyed wool with
warp according to a will also find a medallion only a few colors used to
design on a cartoon, or carpet, similar to those produce the designs.
pattern. Arabian rugs are that may be seen
known for the vivid, frequently in Persia. Egyptian carpets can be
almost eccentric colors divided into two
and intricate designs. categories, Mamluk
carpets are often large
carpets that feature
geometric patterns and

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph

PAKISTAN: Truck Art
Across Pakistan, brightly
colored flamboyant
trucks painted with
images of idealized
landscapes, famous
personalities, flowers and
trees turned village lanes,
city streets and long-
distance highways into a
gallery without walls; a
free-form kaleidoscopic
exhibition in motion.
TIBET: Mandala
A mandala is a spiritual
and ritual symbol in
Asian cultures. It can be
understood in two
different ways: externally
as a visual representation
of the universe or
internally as a guide for
several practices that
take place in many Asian
traditions, including
meditation.
Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City
Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
It first appeared on
trucks and lorries driven
by Sikh transporters who
would paint a portrait of
their spiritual Gurus, or
those who helped form
the Sikh religion. The
portraits were painted
with the loudest of colors.
The word mandala is a
Sanskrit term that means
“circle” or “discoid
object”. Mandalas are
objects of devotion they
can be painted on paper,
wood, stone, cloth or
even on a wall.
those from Cairo show a
heavy influence from the
Persian rugs that were
produced by the Safavid
Dynasty at the same
time. They often featured
medallions, palmettes,
and floral patterns
In Pakistan, truck art has
origins dating back to the
1920s, when Bedford
trucks imported from
England invaded the
country’s streets. They
were fitted with large
wooden prows on top of
the truck bed. Known as
a taj, or crown, the
ornate prow was also
accompanied by
decorative bumpers and
wood paneling along the
cabin.
Mandalas have been
found in dream catchers
to protect the individual
sleeping. A popular item
in Western cultures.
Mandala art is also used
in healing circles, a
practice that derives from
Native Americans. The
circles are often
associated with the
restoration of the body,
mind, and heart.
 What I Can Do

RANGOLI
Rangoli is an art form originating in the Indian subcontinent, in which
patterns are created on the floor or the ground using materials such as coloured rice,
coloured sand, quartz powder, flower petals, and coloured rocks.
The purpose of Rangoli is to feel strength, generosity, and it is thought to bring
good luck. Design depictions reflect traditions, folklore, and practices that are unique
to each area.
You will need:
❖ ¼ illustration board
❖ glue
❖ paper plate
❖ pencil
❖ colored sand / powder / colored paper cut into small pieces or Magazine
cut into small pieces.
Directions:
1. Sketch a design unique from your area (a local icon or product) in a ¼ illustration
board using a pencil.
2. Finalize the outline with heavier lines.
3. Use glue to outline your design.
4. Roll a paper plate into a cone and snip a small hole in the narrow end.
5. Fill the larger opening with colored sand/powder. Use your finger as a stopper on
the small hole you made, to control the flow of the sand/powder.
6. This is the most interesting step, and usually the most fun. Fill in your design
with sand according to your choice and color combination. In Indian culture, it is
important to completely fill in your Rangoli, leaving no open spaces.

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
Your artwork will be evaluated using these criteria:

CATEGORY Excellent Good Fair Poor

10 points 8 points 5 points 3 points

Students Students Students Students did

Following followed the followed most followed some not follow the
Directions directions of the of the directions.
correctly. directions. directions.

Creativity Student Student Student Student

and output is very output is good output is fair output is dull
Workmanship creative and and tidy. and has few with a lot of
tidy. errors. errors.

Pattern of Pattern of Pattern of There is no

Southeast Southeast Southeast visible pattern
Asian culture Asian culture Asian culture of Southeast
Pattern is well defined is visible but is somewhat Asian culture.
and used from not clearly visible but not
the beginning defined. continuous.
to end.

TOTAL POINTS
Equivalent Rating: Highest Possible Score: 30 points
Excellent: 30 100 points
Very Good: 26 to 29 95 points
Good: 21 to 25 90 points
Average: 16 to 20 80 points
Needs Improvement: 6 to 15 75 points

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
 What Can I Achieve?

Post-Assessment
This part serves as the quiz or summative assessment for this module.
Directions: Read each question carefully, and then choose the letter with the best
answer. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided in this module.

1. What is one of the most beautiful and most pleasing art forms of India?
a. Rangoli b. Mandala c. Arabian Rugs d. Truck Art

2. Which of the following country considered their artworks as the essence of daily
life in their Kingdom?
a. India b. Pakistan c. Saudia Arabia d. Tibet

3. Which of the following is considered the signs of a woman’s status and wealth?
a. jewelry c. dowry baskets
b. dresses and costumes d. houses

4. What Foreign Country influences Pakistan Truck Art?

a. Egypt b. Sri Lanka c. England d. North Africa

5. Which country has a marvelous artisanship that is why they have the most
renowned cultural identification?
a. India b. Pakistan c. Saudia Arabia d. Tibet

6. What are the two-great epic in India?

a. Mahab and Rata c. Vedism and Taj Majal
b. Mahabharata and Rayana d. Mahabharata and Ramayana

7. Which of the following is known for the vivid, almost have electric colors and
intricate designs?
a. Rangoli b. Mandala c. Arabian Rugs d. Truck Art

8. Which of the following arts craft is defined by having brightly colored flamboyant
painted with images of idealized landscapes, famous personalities, flowers, and trees
turned village lanes, city streets, and long-distance highways into a gallery without
walls.
a. Rangoli b. Mandala c. Arabian Rugs d. Truck Art

9. Who is the Hindu goddess of wealth?

a. Bhrama b. Lakshmi c. Shiva d. Vishnu

10. What is the lamp that used in nearly Tibetan temple, household, and altar?
a. Butter lamp c. Diwali lamp
b. Camel skin lamp d. Incense

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
11. What is the meaning of the word mandala in a Sanskrit term?
a. symbol b. art c. circle d. ritual

12. Who is the third god in the Hindu triumvirate that is known as the destroyer?
a. Bhrama b. Lakshmi c. Shiva d. Vishnu

13. Which of the following refers to a spiritual and ritual symbol in Asian cultures.
a. Rangoli b. Mandala c. Arabian Rugs d. Truck Art

14. Which of the following refers to Hindu New Year and also known as the “Festival
of Lights“?
a. Butter lamp c. Diwali
b. Camel skin lamp d. Lakshmi

15. Which of the following is known for the vivid, almost have electric colors and
intricate designs?
a. Rangoli b. Mandala c. Arabian Rugs d. Truck Art

16. What does apron means in Tibet?

a. It indicates that a woman is married.
b. It reflects the Tibetan culture.
c. It indicates that a woman is a widow or divorced.
d. All the above.

17. Which of the following arts refers to the protection of an individual while sleeping?
a. Rangoli b. Mandala c. Arabian Rugs d.Dream Catcher

18. What do you call a small piece of desert crafted from dried camel skin?
a. Camel skin lamp c. Incense burner
b. Diyas d. Lamp

19. Which of the following was made of wood with the shallow part covered in lead
and decorated with brass?
a. Burner b. Diwali lamp c. Incense burner d. Light

20. Pakistan architecture is divided in how many recognized periods?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

B. True or False
Direction: Write True if the statement is correct otherwise write False.

________21. Ajanta Caves is 30 rock-cut cave monuments famous for its murals.
________22. Taj Majal was built by Sha Jaha in memory of his wife.
________23. Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, and Kot Diji are pre-Islamic settlements.
________24. Saudi has a rich history of crafts.
________25. Rangoli is a popular form of South Asian decoration on trucks.

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
C. Direction: Search for the terms used in the topic and write the meaning or
example of each term. (20 points)
1. ________ - ________________________
I N D I A M Q Y I G G K
2. ________ - ________________________
B C W Q E A C B N N T L

Q V H R A N G O L I I P
3. ________ - ________________________

W V S T Y D E Q A V B M 4. ________ - ________________________

E C H G P A F D M A E B 5. ________ - ________________________

R D I W A L I V B E T D 6. ________ - ________________________
T A V S D A F X Z W R E
7. ________ - ________________________
Y S A U D I A R A B I A
8. ________ - ________________________
I T A J M A J A L G J K
9. ________ - ________________________
P A K I S T A N N B G F
10. ________ - ________________________

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
 References

Department of Education (2013). Music and Arts of Asia- Grade 8 Learner’s Material
(pp. 111- 117,123-128). Pasig City: DepEd

Regional Office III Module

Self-Learning Module of Pasig City

Answer Key

Pre-Assessment
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. C
11. Pakistan
12. India
13. Tibet
14. Saudi Arabiaa
15. Western Countries

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Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph
 ARTS MODULE ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: _____________________________________
Grade Level & Section: _____________________
Teacher’s Feedback:

Pre-Assessment (Score: ____) _________________________

1. 6. 11.
_________________________
2. 7. 12.
3. 8. 13. _________________________
4. 9. 14. _________________________
5. 10. 15 _________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Post-Assessment (Score: ____) _________
1. 6. 11. 16.
2. 7. 12. 17.
3. 8. 13. 18.
4. 9. 14. 19.
5. 10. 15. 20.

B.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

C.
1. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
2. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
3. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
4. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
5. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
6. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
7. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
8. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
9. ____________ - _________________________________________________________
10. ____________ - ________________________________________________________

Address: Chipeco Ave., Brgy. 3, Calamba City

Telephone Number: (049) 544-6509
Email Address: 342253@deped.gov.ph