ACT NO.

3S1S
AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS
(December 8, 1930)


BOOK TWO
CRIMES AND PENALTIES

TItIe One

CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAW OF
NATIONS

Cbapter One
CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY

SectIon One. - Treason and espIonage

Art. 114. Treoson. - Any person wbo, owIng aIIegIance to (tbe
UnIted States or) tbe Government oI tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands, not
beIng a IoreIgner, IevIes war agaInst tbem or adberes to tbeIr
enemIes, gIvIng tbem aId or comIort wItbIn tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands
or eIsewbere, sbaII be punIsbed by recIusIon temporaI to deatb
and sbaII pay a IIne not to exceed P20,000 pesos.
No person sbaII be convIcted oI treason unIess on tbe testImony
oI two wItnesses at Ieast to tbe same overt act or on conIessIon oI
tbe accused In open court.
LIkewIse, an aIIen, resIdIng In tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands, wbo
commIts acts oI treason as deIIned In paragrapb 1 oI tbIs ArtIcIe
sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon mayor to deatb and sbaII pay a IIne
not to exceed P20,000 pesos. (As amended by E.O. No. 44, May 31, 194S).
Art. 11S. Consp1roog ond proposo1 1o oomm11 1reoson; Peno11g. -
Tbe conspIracy or proposaI to commIt tbe crIme oI treason sbaII
be punIsbed respectIveIy, by prIsIon mayor and a IIne not
exceedIng P10,000 pesos, and prIsIon correccIonaI and a IIne not
exceedIng PS,000 pesos.
Art. 116. M1spr1s1on o] 1reoson. - Every person owIng aIIegIance
to (tbe UnIted States) tbe Government oI tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands,
wItbout beIng a IoreIgner, and bavIng knowIedge oI any
conspIracy agaInst tbem, conceaIs or does not dIscIose and make
known tbe same, as soon as possIbIe to tbe governor or IIscaI oI
tbe provInce, or tbe mayor or IIscaI oI tbe cIty In wbIcb be
resIdes, as tbe case may be, sbaII be punIsbed as an accessory to
tbe crIme oI treason.
Art. 11?. sp1onoge. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI sbaII
be InIIIcted upon any person wbo:
1. WItbout autborIty tbereIor, enters a warsbIp, Iort, or
navaI or mIIItary estabIIsbment or reservatIon to obtaIn any
InIormatIon, pIans, pbotograpbs, or otber data oI a
conIIdentIaI nature reIatIve to tbe deIense oI tbe PbIIIppIne
ArcbIpeIago; or
2. BeIng In possessIon, by reason oI tbe pubIIc oIIIce be
boIds, oI tbe artIcIes, data, or InIormatIon reIerred to In tbe
precedIng paragrapb, dIscIoses tbeIr contents to a
representatIve oI a IoreIgn natIon.
Tbe penaIty next bIgber In degree sbaII be Imposed II tbe oIIender
be a pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee.

SectIon Two. - ProvokIng war and dIsIoyaIty In case oI war

Art. 11S. 1no111ng 1o uor or g1v1ng mo11ves ]or repr1so1s. - Tbe
penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc
oIIIcer or empIoyee, and tbat oI prIsIon mayor upon any prIvate
IndIvIduaI, wbo, by unIawIuI or unautborIzed acts provokes or
gIves occasIon Ior a war InvoIvIng or IIabIe to InvoIve tbe
PbIIIppIne IsIands or exposes FIIIpIno cItIzens to reprIsaIs on
tbeIr persons or property.
Art. 119. V1o1o11on o] neu1ro111g. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI sbaII be InIIIcted upon anyone wbo, on tbe occasIon
oI a war In wbIcb tbe Government Is not InvoIved, vIoIates any
reguIatIon Issued by competent autborIty Ior tbe purpose oI
enIorcIng neutraIIty.
Art. 120. Correspondenoe u11 os111e ooun1rg. - Any person
wbo In tIme oI war, sbaII bave correspondence wItb an enemy
country or terrItory occupIed by enemy troops sbaII be punIsbed:
1. By prIsIon correccIonaI, II tbe correspondence bas been
probIbIted by tbe Government;
2. By prIsIon mayor, II sucb correspondence be carrIed on In
cIpbers or conventIonaI sIgns; and
3. By recIusIon temporaI, II notIce or InIormatIon be gIven
tbereby wbIcb mIgbt be useIuI to tbe enemy. II tbe oIIender
Intended to aId tbe enemy by gIvIng sucb notIce or
InIormatIon, be sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI recIusIon
temporaI to deatb.
Art. 121. F11g1 1o enemg ooun1rg. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
mayor sbaII be InIIIcted upon any person wbo, owIng aIIegIance to
tbe Government, attempts to IIee or go to an enemy country
wben probIbIted by competent autborIty.

SectIon Tbree. - PIracy and mutIny on tbe bIgb seas

Art. 122. P1roog 1n genero1 ond mu11ng on 1e 1g seos. - Tbe
penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI sbaII be InIIIcted upon any person
wbo, on tbe bIgb seas, sbaII attack or seIze a vesseI or, not beIng
a member oI Its compIement nor a passenger, sbaII seIze tbe
wboIe or part oI tbe cargo oI saId vesseI, Its equIpment, or
personaI beIongIngs oI Its compIement or passengers.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be InIIIcted In case oI mutIny on tbe bIgb
seas.
Art. 123. Quo11]1ed p1roog. - Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI
to deatb sbaII be Imposed upon tbose wbo commIt any oI tbe
crImes reIerred to In tbe precedIng artIcIe, under any oI tbe
IoIIowIng cIrcumstances:
1. Wbenever tbey bave seIzed a vesseI by boardIng or IIrIng
upon tbe same;
2. Wbenever tbe pIrates bave abandoned tbeIr vIctIms
wItbout means oI savIng tbemseIves; or
3. Wbenever tbe crIme Is accompanIed by murder, bomIcIde,
pbysIcaI InjurIes or rape.
TItIe Two

CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE

Cbapter One
ARBITRARY DETENTION OR EXPULSION, VIOLATION
OF DWELLING, PROHIBITION, INTERRUPTION, AND
DISSOLUTION OF PEACEFUL MEETINGS AND CRIMES
AGAINST RELIGIOUS WORSHIP

SectIon One. - ArbItrary detentIon and expuIsIon

Art. 124. Arb11rorg de1en11on. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee
wbo, wItbout IegaI grounds, detaIns a person, sbaII suIIer;
1. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, II tbe detentIon
bas not exceeded tbree days;
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II tbe detentIon bas contInued more tban
tbree but not more tban IIIteen days;
3. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor, II tbe detentIon bas
contInued Ior more tban IIIteen days but not more tban sIx
montbs; and
4. Tbat oI recIusIon temporaI, II tbe detentIon sbaII bave
exceeded sIx montbs.
Tbe commIssIon oI a crIme, or vIoIent InsanIty or any otber
aIIment requIrIng tbe compuIsory conIInement oI tbe patIent In a
bospItaI, sbaII be consIdered IegaI grounds Ior tbe detentIon oI
any person.
Art. 12S. De1og 1n 1e de11verg o] de1o1ned persons 1o 1e proper
]ud1o1o1 ou1or111es. - Tbe penaItIes provIded In tbe next
precedIng artIcIe sbaII be Imposed upon tbe pubIIc oIIIcer or
empIoyee wbo sbaII detaIn any person Ior some IegaI ground and
sbaII IaII to deIIver sucb person to tbe proper judIcIaI autborItIes
wItbIn tbe perIod oI; tweIve (12) bours, Ior crImes or oIIenses
punIsbabIe by IIgbt penaItIes, or tbeIr equIvaIent; eIgbteen (1S)
bours, Ior crImes or oIIenses punIsbabIe by correctIonaI penaItIes,
or tbeIr equIvaIent and tbIrty-sIx (36) bours, Ior crImes, or
oIIenses punIsbabIe by aIIIIctIve or capItaI penaItIes, or tbeIr
equIvaIent.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
In every case, tbe person detaIned sbaII be InIormed oI tbe cause
oI bIs detentIon and sbaII be aIIowed upon bIs request, to
communIcate and conIer at any tIme wItb bIs attorney or
counseI. (As amended by E.O. Nos. S9 and 2?2, Nov. ?, 19S6 and JuIy 2S, 19S?,
respectIveIy).
Art. 126. De1og1ng re1eose. - Tbe penaItIes provIded Ior In
ArtIcIe 124 sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee
wbo deIays Ior tbe perIod oI tIme specIIIed tbereIn tbe
perIormance oI any judIcIaI or executIve order Ior tbe reIease oI a
prIsoner or detentIon prIsoner, or unduIy deIays tbe servIce oI tbe
notIce oI sucb order to saId prIsoner or tbe proceedIngs upon any
petItIon Ior tbe IIberatIon oI sucb person.
Art. 12?. pu1s1on. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI sbaII
be Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo, not beIng
tbereunto autborIzed by Iaw, sbaII expeI any person Irom tbe
PbIIIppIne IsIands or sbaII compeI sucb person to cbange bIs
resIdence.

SectIon Two. - VIoIatIon oI domIcIIe

Art. 12S. V1o1o11on o] dom1o11e. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon any
pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo, not beIng autborIzed by judIcIaI
order, sbaII enter any dweIIIng agaInst tbe wIII oI tbe owner
tbereoI, searcb papers or otber eIIects Iound tbereIn wItbout tbe
prevIous consent oI sucb owner, or bavIng surreptItIousIy entered
saId dweIIIng, and beIng requIred to Ieave tbe premIses, sbaII
reIuse to do so.
II tbe oIIense be commItted In tbe nIgbt-tIme, or II any papers or
eIIects not constItutIng evIdence oI a crIme be not returned
ImmedIateIy aIter tbe searcb made by tbe oIIender, tbe penaIty
sbaII be prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods.
Art. 129. Seoro uorron1s mo11o1ous1g ob1o1ned ond obuse 1n 1e
serv1oe o] 1ose 1ego11g ob1o1ned. - In addItIon to tbe IIabIIIty
attacbIng to tbe oIIender Ior tbe commIssIon oI any otber
oIIense, tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne not
exceedIng P1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer
or empIoyee wbo sbaII procure a searcb warrant wItbout just
cause, or, bavIng IegaIIy procured tbe same, sbaII exceed bIs
autborIty or use unnecessary severIty In executIng tbe same.
Art. 130. Seoro1ng dom1o11e u11ou1 u11nesses. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor In Its medIum and maxImum perIods sbaII be
Imposed upon a pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo, In cases wbere a
searcb Is proper, sbaII searcb tbe domIcIIe, papers or otber
beIongIngs oI any person, In tbe absence oI tbe Iatter, any
member oI bIs IamIIy, or In tbeIr deIauIt, wItbout tbe presence oI
two wItnesses resIdIng In tbe same IocaIIty.

SectIon Tbree. - ProbIbItIon, InterruptIon
and dIssoIutIon oI peaceIuI meetIngs

Art. 131. Pro1b111on, 1n1errup11on ond d1sso1u11on o] peooe]u1
mee11ngs. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum
perIod sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo,
wItbout IegaI ground, sbaII probIbIt or Interrupt tbe boIdIng oI a
peaceIuI meetIng, or sbaII dIssoIve tbe same.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon a pubIIc oIIIcer or
empIoyee wbo sbaII bInder any person Irom joInIng any IawIuI
assocIatIon or Irom attendIng any oI Its meetIngs.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer or
empIoyee wbo sbaII probIbIt or bInder any person Irom
addressIng, eItber aIone or togetber wItb otbers, any petItIon to
tbe autborItIes Ior tbe correctIon oI abuses or redress oI
grIevances.

SectIon Four. - CrImes agaInst reIIgIous worsbIp

Art. 132. 1n1errup11on o] re11g1ous uors1p. - Tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon
any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo sbaII prevent or dIsturb tbe
ceremonIes or manIIestatIons oI any reIIgIon.
II tbe crIme sbaII bave been commItted wItb vIoIence or tbreats,
tbe penaIty sbaII be prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods.
Art. 133. O]]end1ng 1e re11g1ous ]ee11ngs. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In
Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon anyone wbo, In a pIace
devoted to reIIgIous worsbIp or durIng tbe ceIebratIon oI any
reIIgIous ceremony sbaII perIorm acts notorIousIy oIIensIve to tbe
IeeIIngs oI tbe IaItbIuI.

TItIe Tbree

CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER

Cbapter One
REBELLION, SEDITION AND DISLOYALTY

Art. 134. Rebe111on or 1nsurreo11on; Hou oomm111ed. - Tbe crIme
oI rebeIIIon or InsurrectIon Is commItted by rIsIng pubIIcIy and
takIng arms agaInst tbe Government Ior tbe purpose oI removIng
Irom tbe aIIegIance to saId Government or Its Iaws, tbe terrItory
oI tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands or any part tbereoI, oI any body oI Iand,
navaI or otber armed Iorces, deprIvIng tbe CbIeI ExecutIve or tbe
LegIsIature, wboIIy or partIaIIy, oI any oI tbeIr powers or
prerogatIves. (As amended by R.A. 696S).
ArtIcIe 134-A. Coup de1o1; Hou oomm111ed. - Tbe crIme oI coup
d'etat Is a swIIt attack accompanIed by vIoIence, IntImIdatIon,
tbreat, strategy or steaItb, dIrected agaInst duIy constItuted
autborItIes oI tbe RepubIIc oI tbe PbIIIppInes, or any mIIItary
camp or InstaIIatIon, communIcatIons network, pubIIc utIIItIes or
otber IacIIItIes needed Ior tbe exercIse and contInued possessIon
oI power, sIngIy or sImuItaneousIy carrIed out anywbere In tbe
PbIIIppInes by any person or persons, beIongIng to tbe mIIItary or
poIIce or boIdIng any pubIIc oIIIce oI empIoyment wItb or wItbout
cIvIIIan support or partIcIpatIon Ior tbe purpose oI seIzIng or
dImInIsbIng state power. (As amended by R.A. 696S).
Art. 13S. Peno11g ]or rebe111on, 1nsurreo11on or ooup de1o1. - Any
person wbo promotes, maIntaIns, or beads rebeIIIon or
InsurrectIon sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI recIusIon perpetua.
Any person mereIy partIcIpatIng or executIng tbe commands oI
otbers In a rebeIIIon sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI recIusIon
temporaI.
Any person wbo Ieads or In any manner dIrects or commands
otbers to undertake a coup d'etat sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
recIusIon perpetua.
Any person In tbe government servIce wbo partIcIpates, or
executes dIrectIons or commands oI otbers In undertakIng a ooup
de1o1 sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its maxImum
perIod.
Any person not In tbe government servIce wbo partIcIpates, or In
any manner supports, IInances, abets or aIds In undertakIng
a ooup de1o1 sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI In Its
maxImum perIod.
Wben tbe rebeIIIon, InsurrectIon, or ooup de1o1 sbaII be under tbe
command oI unknown Ieaders, any person wbo In Iact dIrected
tbe otbers, spoke Ior tbem, sIgned receIpts and otber documents
Issued In tbeIr name, as perIormed sImIIar acts, on bebaII or tbe
rebeIs sbaII be deemed a Ieader oI sucb a rebeIIIon, InsurrectIon,
or ooup de1o1. (As amended by R.A. 696S, approved on October 24, 1990).
Art. 136. Consp1roog ond proposo1 1o oomm11 ooup de1o1,
rebe111on or 1nsurreo11on. - Tbe conspIracy and proposaI to
commIt ooup de1o1 sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon mayor In
mInImum perIod and a IIne wbIcb sbaII not exceed eIgbt tbousand
pesos (PS,000.00).
Tbe conspIracy and proposaI to commIt rebeIIIon or InsurrectIon
sbaII be punIsbed respectIveIy, by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
maxImum perIod and a IIne wbIcb sbaII not exceed IIve tbousand
pesos (PS,000.00) and by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum
perIod and a IIne not exceedIng two tbousand pesos
(P2,000.00). (As amended by R.A. 696S, approved October 24, 1990).
Art. 13?. D1s1ogo11g o] pub11o o]]1oers or emp1ogees. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be
Imposed upon pubIIc oIIIcers or empIoyees wbo bave IaIIed to
resIst a rebeIIIon by aII tbe means In tbeIr power, or sbaII
contInue to dIscbarge tbe dutIes oI tbeIr oIIIces under tbe controI
oI tbe rebeIs or sbaII accept appoIntment to oIIIce under
tbem.(ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).
Art. 13S. 1no111ng o rebe111on or 1nsurreo11on. - Tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon any
person wbo, wItbout takIng arms or beIng In open bostIIIty
agaInst tbe Government, sbaII IncIte otbers to tbe executIon oI
any oI tbe acts specIIIed In artIcIe 134 oI tbIs Code, by means oI
speecbes, procIamatIons, wrItIngs, embIems, banners or otber
representatIons tendIng to tbe same end. (ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).
Art. 139. Sed111on; Hou oomm111ed. - Tbe crIme oI sedItIon Is
commItted by persons wbo rIse pubIIcIy and tumuItuousIy In
order to attaIn by Iorce, IntImIdatIon, or by otber means outsIde
oI IegaI metbods, any oI tbe IoIIowIng objects:
1. To prevent tbe promuIgatIon or executIon oI any Iaw or
tbe boIdIng oI any popuIar eIectIon;
2. To prevent tbe NatIonaI Government, or any provIncIaI or
munIcIpaI government or any pubIIc oIIIcer tbereoI Irom
IreeIy exercIsIng Its or bIs IunctIons, or prevent tbe
executIon oI any admInIstratIve order;
3. To InIIIct any act oI bate or revenge upon tbe person or
property oI any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee;
4. To commIt, Ior any poIItIcaI or socIaI end, any act oI bate
or revenge agaInst prIvate persons or any socIaI cIass; and
S. To despoII, Ior any poIItIcaI or socIaI end, any person,
munIcIpaIIty or provInce, or tbe NatIonaI Government (or
tbe Government oI tbe UnIted States), oI aII Its property or
any part tbereoI.
Art. 140. Peno11g ]or sed111on. - Tbe Ieader oI a sedItIon sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod and a
IIne not exceedIng 10,000 pesos.
Otber persons partIcIpatIng tbereIn sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod and a IIne not
exceedIng S,000 pesos.(ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).
Art. 141. Consp1roog 1o oomm11 sed111on. - Persons conspIrIng to
commIt tbe crIme oI sedItIon sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its medIum perIod and a IIne not exceedIng 2,000
pesos. (ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).
Art. 142. 1no111ng 1o sed111on. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod and a IIne not exceedIng
2,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo, wItbout
takIng any dIrect part In tbe crIme oI sedItIon, sbouId IncIte
otbers to tbe accompIIsbment oI any oI tbe acts wbIcb constItute
sedItIon, by means oI speecbes, procIamatIons, wrItIngs,
embIems, cartoons, banners, or otber representatIons tendIng to
tbe same end, or upon any person or persons wbo sbaII utter
sedItIous words or speecbes, wrIte, pubIIsb, or cIrcuIate scurrIIous
IIbeIs agaInst tbe Government (oI tbe UnIted States or tbe
Government oI tbe CommonweaItb) oI tbe PbIIIppInes, or any oI
tbe duIy constItuted autborItIes tbereoI, or wbIcb tend to dIsturb
or obstruct any IawIuI oIIIcer In executIng tbe IunctIons oI bIs
oIIIce, or wbIcb tend to InstIgate otbers to cabaI and meet
togetber Ior unIawIuI purposes, or wbIcb suggest or IncIte
rebeIIIous conspIracIes or rIots, or wbIcb Iead or tend to stIr up
tbe peopIe agaInst tbe IawIuI autborItIes or to dIsturb tbe peace
oI tbe communIty, tbe saIety and order oI tbe Government, or
wbo sbaII knowIngIy conceaI sucb evII practIces.(ReInstated by E.O. No.
1S?).

Cbapter Two
CRIMES AGAINST POPULAR REPRESENTATION

SectIon One. - CrImes agaInst IegIsIatIve bodIes and sImIIar
bodIes

Art. 143. Ao1 1end1ng 1o preven1 1e mee11ng o] 1e Assemb1g ond
s1m11or bod1es. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI or a IIne
rangIng Irom 200 to 2,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon
any person wbo, by Iorce or Iraud, prevents tbe meetIng oI tbe
NatIonaI AssembIy (Congress oI tbe PbIIIppInes) or oI any oI Its
commIttees or subcommIttees, constItutIonaI commIssIons or
commIttees or dIvIsIons tbereoI, or oI any provIncIaI board or cIty
or munIcIpaI councII or board. (ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).
Art. 144. D1s1urbonoe o] prooeed1ngs. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
mayor or a IIne Irom 200 to 1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon
any person wbo dIsturbs tbe meetIngs oI tbe NatIonaI AssembIy
(Congress oI tbe PbIIIppInes) or oI any oI Its commIttees or
subcommIttees, constItutIonaI commIssIons or commIttees or
dIvIsIons tbereoI, or oI any provIncIaI board or cIty or munIcIpaI
councII or board, or In tbe presence oI any sucb bodIes sbouId
bebave In sucb manner as to Interrupt Its proceedIngs or to
ImpaIr tbe respect due It. (ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).

SectIon Two. - VIoIatIon oI parIIamentary ImmunIty

Art. 14S. V1o1o11on o] por11omen1org 1mmun11g. - Tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon mayor sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII use
Iorce, IntImIdatIon, tbreats, or Iraud to prevent any member oI
tbe NatIonaI AssembIy (Congress oI tbe PbIIIppInes) Irom
attendIng tbe meetIngs oI tbe AssembIy (Congress) or oI any oI Its
commIttees or subcommIttees, constItutIonaI commIssIons or
commIttees or dIvIsIons tbereoI, Irom expressIng bIs opInIons or
castIng bIs vote; and tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI sbaII be
Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo sbaII, wbIIe tbe
AssembIy (Congress) Is In reguIar or specIaI sessIon, arrest or
searcb any member tbereoI, except In case sucb member bas
commItted a crIme punIsbabIe under tbIs Code by a penaIty
bIgber tban prIsIon mayor.

Cbapter Tbree
ILLEGAL ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATIONS

Art. 146. 111ego1 ossemb11es. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon mayor In Its
medIum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon tbe organIzers or Ieaders oI
any meetIng attended by armed persons Ior tbe purpose oI
commIttIng any oI tbe crImes punIsbabIe under tbIs Code, or oI
any meetIng In wbIcb tbe audIence Is IncIted to tbe commIssIon
oI tbe crIme oI treason, rebeIIIon or InsurrectIon, sedItIon or
assauIt upon a person In autborIty or bIs agents. Persons mereIy
present at sucb meetIng sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor,
unIess tbey are armed, In wbIcb case tbe penaIty sbaII be prIsIon
correccIonaI.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
II any person present at tbe meetIng carrIes an unIIcensed
IIrearm, It sbaII be presumed tbat tbe purpose oI saId meetIng,
InsoIar as be Is concerned, Is to commIt acts punIsbabIe under
tbIs Code, and be sbaII be consIdered a Ieader or organIzer oI tbe
meetIng wItbIn tbe purvIew oI tbe precedIng paragrapb.
As used In tbIs artIcIe, tbe word "mee11ng" sbaII be understood to
IncIude a gatberIng or group, wbetber In a IIxed pIace or
movIng. (ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).
Art. 14?. 111ego1 ossoo1o11ons. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and a IIne not
exceedIng 1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon tbe Iounders,
dIrectors, and presIdents oI assocIatIons totaIIy or partIaIIy
organIzed Ior tbe purpose oI commIttIng any oI tbe crImes
punIsbabIe under tbIs Code or Ior some purpose contrary to
pubIIc moraIs. Mere members oI saId assocIatIons sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor.(ReInstated by E.O. No. 1S?).

Cbapter Four
ASSAULT UPON, AND RESISTANCE AND DISOBEDIENCE
TO, PERSONS IN AUTHORITY AND THEIR AGENTS

Art. 14S. D1reo1 ossou11s. - Any person or persons wbo, wItbout
a pubIIc uprIsIng, sbaII empIoy Iorce or IntImIdatIon Ior tbe
attaInment oI any oI tbe purpose enumerated In deIInIng tbe
crImes oI rebeIIIon and sedItIon, or sbaII attack, empIoy Iorce, or
serIousIy IntImIdate or resIst any person In autborIty or any oI
bIs agents, wbIIe engaged In tbe perIormance oI oIIIcIaI dutIes, or
on occasIon oI sucb perIormance, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods and a
IIne not exceedIng P1,000 pesos, wben tbe assauIt Is commItted
wItb a weapon or wben tbe oIIender Is a pubIIc oIIIcer or
empIoyee, or wben tbe oIIender Iays bands upon a person In
autborIty. II none oI tbese cIrcumstances be present, tbe penaIty
oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne not
exceedIng PS00 pesos sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 149. 1nd1reo1 ossou11s. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI
In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and a IIne not exceedIng
PS00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII make use
oI Iorce or IntImIdatIon upon any person comIng to tbe aId oI tbe
autborItIes or tbeIr agents on occasIon oI tbe commIssIon oI any
oI tbe crImes deIIned In tbe next precedIng artIcIe.
Art. 1S0. D1sobed1enoe 1o summons 1ssued bg 1e No11ono1
Assemb1g, 11s oomm111ees or suboomm111ees, bg 1e
Cons111u11ono1 Comm1ss1ons, 11s oomm111ees, suboomm111ees or
d1v1s1ons. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor or a IIne rangIng Irom
two bundred to one tbousand pesos, or botb sucb IIne and
ImprIsonment sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo, bavIng
been duIy summoned to attend as a wItness beIore tbe NatIonaI
AssembIy, (Congress), Its specIaI or standIng commIttees and
subcommIttees, tbe ConstItutIonaI CommIssIons and Its
commIttees, subcommIttees, or dIvIsIons, or beIore any
commIssIon or commIttee cbaIrman or member autborIzed to
summon wItnesses, reIuses, wItbout IegaI excuse, to obey sucb
summons, or beIng present beIore any sucb IegIsIatIve or
constItutIonaI body or oIIIcIaI, reIuses to be sworn or pIaced
under aIIIrmatIon or to answer any IegaI InquIry or to produce
any books, papers, documents, or records In bIs possessIon, wben
requIred by tbem to do so In tbe exercIse oI tbeIr IunctIons. Tbe
same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII restraIn
anotber Irom attendIng as a wItness, or wbo sbaII Induce
dIsobedIence to a summon or reIusaI to be sworn by any sucb
body or oIIIcIaI.
Art. 1S1. Res1s1onoe ond d1sobed1enoe 1o o person 1n ou1or11g or
1e ogen1s o] suo person. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a
IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo not beIng IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI tbe precedIng artIcIes
sbaII resIst or serIousIy dIsobey any person In autborIty, or tbe
agents oI sucb person, wbIIe engaged In tbe perIormance oI
oIIIcIaI dutIes.
Wben tbe dIsobedIence to an agent oI a person In autborIty Is not
oI a serIous nature, tbe penaIty oI arresto menor or a IIne rangIng
Irom 10 to P100 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon tbe oIIender.
Art. 1S2. Persons 1n ou1or11g ond ogen1s o] persons 1n
ou1or11g; Wo so11 be deemed os suo. - In appIyIng tbe
provIsIons oI tbe precedIng and otber artIcIes oI tbIs Code, any
person dIrectIy vested wItb jurIsdIctIon, wbetber as an IndIvIduaI
or as a member oI some court or governmentaI corporatIon,
board, or commIssIon, sbaII be deemed a person In autborIty. A
barrIo captaIn and a barangay cbaIrman sbaII aIso be deemed a
person In autborIty.
A person wbo, by dIrect provIsIon oI Iaw or by eIectIon or by
appoIntment by competent autborIty, Is cbarged wItb tbe
maIntenance oI pubIIc order and tbe protectIon and securIty oI
IIIe and property, sucb as a barrIo councIIman, barrIo poIIceman
and barangay Ieader and any person wbo comes to tbe aId oI
persons In autborIty, sbaII be deemed an agent oI a person In
autborIty.
In appIyIng tbe provIsIons oI ArtIcIes 14S and 1S1 oI tbIs Code,
teacbers, proIessors and persons cbarged wItb tbe supervIsIon oI
pubIIc or duIy recognIzed prIvate scbooIs, coIIeges and
unIversItIes, and Iawyers In tbe actuaI perIormance oI tbeIr
proIessIonaI dutIes or on tbe occasIon oI sucb perIormance, sbaII
be deemed persons In autborIty. (As amended by PD No. 299, Sept. 19, 19?3
and Batas Pambansa BIg. S?3, June 12, 19SS).

Cbapter FIve
PUBLIC DISORDERS

Art. 1S3. Tumu11s ond o1er d1s1urbonoe o] pub11o orders;
Tumu11uous d1s1urbonoe or 1n1errup11on 11ob1e 1o oouse
d1s1urbonoe. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its medIum
perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne
not exceedIng 1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo
sbaII cause any serIous dIsturbance In a pubIIc pIace, oIIIce, or
estabIIsbment, or sbaII Interrupt or dIsturb pubIIc perIormances,
IunctIons or gatberIngs, or peaceIuI meetIngs, II tbe act Is not
IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI ArtIcIes 131 and 132.
Tbe penaIty next bIgber In degree sbaII be Imposed upon persons
causIng any dIsturbance or InterruptIon oI a tumuItuous
cbaracter.
Tbe dIsturbance or InterruptIon sbaII be deemed to be tumuItuous
II caused by more tban tbree persons wbo are armed or provIded
wItb means oI vIoIence.
Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo In any meetIng, assocIatIon, or pubIIc pIace, sbaII make any
outcry tendIng to IncIte rebeIIIon or sedItIon or In sucb pIace
sbaII dIspIay pIacards or embIems wbIcb provoke a dIsturbance oI
tbe pubIIc order.
Tbe penaIty oI arresto menor and a IIne not to exceed P200 pesos
sbaII be Imposed upon tbese persons wbo In vIoIatIon oI tbe
provIsIons contaIned In tbe Iast cIause oI ArtIcIe SS, sbaII bury
wItb pomp tbe body oI a person wbo bas been IegaIIy executed.
Art. 1S4. Un1ou]u1 use o] meons o] pub11oo11on ond un1ou]u1
u11eronoes.- Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne rangIng
Irom P200 to P1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo by means oI prIntIng, IItbograpby, or any
otber means oI pubIIcatIon sbaII pubIIsb or cause to be
pubIIsbed as news any IaIse news wbIcb may endanger tbe
pubIIc order, or cause damage to tbe Interest or credIt oI tbe
State;
2. Any person wbo by tbe same means, or by words,
utterances or speecbes sbaII encourage dIsobedIence to tbe
Iaw or to tbe constItuted autborItIes or praIse, justIIy, or
extoI any act punIsbed by Iaw;
3. Any person wbo sbaII maIIcIousIy pubIIsb or cause to be
pubIIsbed any oIIIcIaI resoIutIon or document wItbout proper
autborIty, or beIore tbey bave been pubIIsbed oIIIcIaIIy; or
4. Any person wbo sbaII prInt, pubIIsb, or dIstrIbute or cause
to be prInted, pubIIsbed, or dIstrIbuted books, pampbIets,
perIodIcaIs, or IeaIIets wbIcb do not bear tbe reaI prInter's
name, or wbIcb are cIassIIIed as anonymous.
Art. 1SS. A1orms ond soondo1s. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto menor
or a IIne not exceedIng P200 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo wItbIn any town or pubIIc pIace, sbaII
dIscbarge any IIrearm, rocket, IIrecracker, or otber
expIosIves caIcuIated to cause aIarm or danger;
2. Any person wbo sbaII InstIgate or take an actIve part In
any cbarIvarI or otber dIsorderIy meetIng oIIensIve to
anotber or prejudIcIaI to pubIIc tranquIIIty;
3. Any person wbo, wbIIe wanderIng about at nIgbt or wbIIe
engaged In any otber nocturnaI amusements, sbaII dIsturb
tbe pubIIc peace; or
4. Any person wbo, wbIIe IntoxIcated or otberwIse, sbaII
cause any dIsturbance or scandaI In pubIIc pIaces, provIded
tbat tbe cIrcumstances oI tbe case sbaII not make tbe
provIsIons oI ArtIcIe 1S3 appIIcabIe.
Art. 1S6. De11verg o] pr1soners ]rom ]o11s. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod oI prIsIon correccIonaI In
Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
remove Irom any jaII or penaI estabIIsbment any person conIIned
tbereIn or sbaII beIp tbe escape oI sucb person, by means oI
vIoIence, IntImIdatIon, or brIbery. II otber means are used, tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor sbaII be Imposed.
II tbe escape oI tbe prIsoner sbaII take pIace outsIde oI saId
estabIIsbments by takIng tbe guards by surprIse, tbe same
penaItIes sbaII be Imposed In tbeIr mInImum perIod.

Cbapter SIx
EVASION OF SERVICE OF SENTENCE

Art. 1S?. vos1on o] serv1oe o] sen1enoe. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods sbaII be
Imposed upon any convIct wbo sbaII evade servIce oI bIs sentence
by escapIng durIng tbe term oI bIs ImprIsonment by reason oI
IInaI judgment. However, II sucb evasIon or escape sbaII bave
taken pIace by means oI unIawIuI entry, by breakIng doors,
wIndows, gates, waIIs, rooIs, or IIoors, or by usIng pIckIocks, IaIse
keys, deceIt, vIoIence or IntImIdatIon, or tbrougb connIvance
wItb otber convIcts or empIoyees oI tbe penaI InstItutIon, tbe
penaIty sbaII be prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod.
Art. 1SS. vos1on o] serv1oe o] sen1enoe on 1e oooos1on o]
d1sorder, oon]1ogro11ons, eor1quoKes, or o1er oo1om111es. - A
convIct wbo sbaII evade tbe servIce oI bIs sentence, by IeavIng
tbe penaI InstItutIon wbere be sbaII bave been conIIned, on tbe
occasIon oI dIsorder resuItIng Irom a conIIagratIon, eartbquake,
expIosIon, or sImIIar catastropbe, or durIng a mutIny In wbIcb be
bas not partIcIpated, sbaII suIIer an Increase oI one-IIItb oI tbe
tIme stIII remaInIng to be served under tbe orIgInaI sentence,
wbIcb In no case sbaII exceed sIx montbs, II be sbaII IaII to gIve
bImseII up to tbe autborItIes wItbIn Iorty-eIgbt bours IoIIowIng
tbe Issuance oI a procIamatIon by tbe CbIeI ExecutIve
announcIng tbe passIng away oI sucb caIamIty.
ConvIcts wbo, under tbe cIrcumstances mentIoned In tbe
precedIng paragrapb, sbaII gIve tbemseIves up to tbe autborItIes
wItbIn tbe above mentIoned perIod oI 4S bours, sbaII be entItIed
to tbe deductIon provIded In ArtIcIe 9S.
Art. 1S9. O1er ooses o] evos1on o] serv1oe o] sen1enoe. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be
Imposed upon tbe convIct wbo, bavIng been granted condItIonaI
pardon by tbe CbIeI ExecutIve, sbaII vIoIate any oI tbe condItIons
oI sucb pardon. However, II tbe penaIty remItted by tbe grantIng
oI sucb pardon be bIgber tban sIx years, tbe convIct sbaII tben
suIIer tbe unexpIred portIon oI bIs orIgInaI sentence.

Cbapter Seven
COMMISSION OF ANOTHER CRIME DURING SERVICE OF
PENALTY IMPOSED FOR ANOTHER PREVIOUS OFFENSE

Art. 160. Comm1ss1on o] ono1er or1me dur1ng serv1oe o] peno11g
1mposed ]or ono1er o]]ense; Peno11g. - BesIdes tbe provIsIons oI
RuIe S oI ArtIcIe 62, any person wbo sbaII commIt a IeIony aIter
bavIng been convIcted by IInaI judgment, beIore begInnIng to
serve sucb sentence, or wbIIe servIng tbe same, sbaII be punIsbed
by tbe maxImum perIod oI tbe penaIty prescrIbed by Iaw Ior tbe
new IeIony.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
Any convIct oI tbe cIass reIerred to In tbIs artIcIe, wbo Is not a
babItuaI crImInaI, sbaII be pardoned at tbe age oI seventy years II
be sbaII bave aIready served out bIs orIgInaI sentence, or wben be
sbaII compIete It aIter reacbIng tbe saId age, unIess by reason oI
bIs conduct or otber cIrcumstances be sbaII not be wortby oI
sucb cIemency.

TItIe Four

CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST

Cbapter One
FORGERIES

SectIon One. - ForgIng tbe seaI oI tbe Government oI tbe
PbIIIppIne IsIands, tbe sIgnature or stamp oI tbe CbIeI ExecutIve.
Art. 161. Coun1er]e111ng 1e greo1 seo1 o] 1e Governmen1 o] 1e
P111pp1ne 1s1onds, ]org1ng 1e s1gno1ure or s1omp o] 1e C1e]
eou11ve. - Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI sbaII be Imposed
upon any person wbo sbaII Iorge tbe Great SeaI oI tbe
Government oI tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands or tbe sIgnature or stamp oI
tbe CbIeI ExecutIve.
Art. 162. Us1ng ]orged s1gno1ure or ooun1er]e11 seo1 or s1omp. -
Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo sbaII knowIngIy make use oI tbe counterIeIt seaI or Iorged
sIgnature or stamp mentIoned In tbe precedIng artIcIe.

SectIon Two. - CounterIeItIng CoIns

Art. 163. MoK1ng ond 1mpor11ng ond u11er1ng ]o1se oo1ns. - Any
person wbo makes, Imports, or utters, IaIse coIns, In connIvance
wItb counterIeIters, or Importers, sbaII suIIer:
1. PrIsIon mayor In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and a
IIne not to exceed P10,000 pesos, II tbe counterIeIted coIn
be sIIver coIn oI tbe PbIIIppInes or coIn oI tbe CentraI Bank
oI tbe PbIIIppInes oI ten centavo denomInatIon or above.
2. PrIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods
and a IIne oI not to exceed P2,000 pesos, II tbe counterIeIted
coIns be any oI tbe mInor coInage oI tbe PbIIIppInes or oI
tbe CentraI Bank oI tbe PbIIIppInes beIow ten-centavo
denomInatIon.
3. PrIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne not
to exceed P1,000 pesos, II tbe counterIeIted coIn be
currency oI a IoreIgn country.(As amended by R.A. No. 4202, approved
June 19, 196S).
Art. 164. Mu111o11on o] oo1ns; 1mpor1o11on ond u11eronoe o]
mu111o1ed oo1ns. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum perIod and a IIne not to exceed P2,000 pesos sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII mutIIate coIns oI tbe IegaI
currency oI tbe UnIted States or oI tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands or
Import or utter mutIIated current coIns, or In connIvance wItb
mutIIators or Importers.
Art. 16S. Se111ng o] ]o1se or mu111o1ed oo1n, u11ou1
oonn1vonoe. - Tbe person wbo knowIngIy, aItbougb wItbout tbe
connIvance mentIoned In tbe precedIng artIcIes, sbaII possess
IaIse or mutIIated coIn wItb Intent to utter tbe same, or sbaII
actuaIIy utter sucb coIn, sbaII suIIer a penaIty Iower by one
degree tban tbat prescrIbed In saId artIcIes.

SectIon Tbree. - ForgIng treasury or bank notes, obIIgatIons and
securItIes; ImportIng and utterIng IaIse or Iorged notes,
obIIgatIons and securItIes.

Art. 166. Forg1ng 1reosurg or bonK no1es on o1er dooumen1s
pogob1e 1o beorer; 1mpor11ng, ond u11er1ng suo ]o1se or ]orged
no1es ond dooumen1s.- Tbe IorgIng or IaIsIIIcatIon oI treasury or
bank notes or certIIIcates or otber obIIgatIons and securItIes
payabIe to bearer and tbe ImportatIon and utterIng In connIvance
wItb Iorgers or Importers oI sucb IaIse or Iorged obIIgatIons or
notes, sbaII be punIsbed as IoIIows:
1. By recIusIon temporaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne
not to exceed P10,000 pesos, II tbe document wbIcb bas
been IaIsIIIed, counterIeIted, or aItered, Is an obIIgatIons or
securIty oI tbe UnIted States or oI tbe PbIIIppInes IsIands.
Tbe word "ob11go11on or seour11g o] 1e Un11ed S1o1es or o]
1e P111pp1ne 1s1onds" sbaII be beId to mean aII bonds,
certIIIcates oI Indebtedness, natIonaI bank notes, IractIonaI
notes, certIIIcates oI deposIt, bIIIs, cbecks, or draIts Ior
money, drawn by or upon autborIzed oIIIcers oI tbe UnIted
States or oI tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands, and otber representatIves
oI vaIue, oI wbatever denomInatIon, wbIcb bave been or may
be Issued under any act oI tbe Congress oI tbe UnIted States
or oI tbe PbIIIppIne LegIsIature.
2. By prIsIon mayor In Its maxImum perIod and a IIne not to
exceed PS,000 pesos, II tbe IaIsIIIed or aItered document Is a
cIrcuIatIng note Issued by any bankIng assocIatIon duIy
autborIzed by Iaw to Issue tbe same.
3. By prIsIon mayor In Its medIum perIod and a IIne not to
exceed PS,000 pesos, II tbe IaIsIIIed or counterIeIted
document was Issued by a IoreIgn government.
4. By prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne not to
exceed P2,000 pesos, wben tbe Iorged or aItered document
Is a cIrcuIatIng note or bIII Issued by a IoreIgn bank duIy
autborIzed tbereIor.
Art. 16?. Coun1er]e111ng, 1mpor11ng ond u11er1ng 1ns1rumen1s no1
pogob1e 1o beorer. - Any person wbo sbaII Iorge, Import or utter,
In connIvance wItb tbe Iorgers or Importers, any Instrument
payabIe to order or otber document oI credIt not payabIe to
bearer, sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
medIum and maxImum perIods and a IIne not exceedIng P6,000
pesos.
Art. 16S. 111ego1 possess1on ond use o] ]o1se 1reosurg or bonK
no1es ond o1er 1ns1rumen1s o] ored11. - UnIess tbe act be one oI
tbose comIng under tbe provIsIons oI any oI tbe precedIng
artIcIes, any person wbo sbaII knowIngIy use or bave In bIs
possessIon, wItb Intent to use any oI tbe IaIse or IaIsIIIed
Instruments reIerred to In tbIs sectIon, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty
next Iower In degree tban tbat prescrIbed In saId artIcIes.
Art. 169. Hou ]orgerg 1s oomm111ed. - Tbe Iorgery reIerred to In
tbIs sectIon may be commItted by any oI tbe IoIIowIng means:
1. By gIvIng to a treasury or bank note or any Instrument,
payabIe to bearer or order mentIoned tbereIn, tbe
appearance oI a true genuIne document.
2. By erasIng, substItutIng, counterIeItIng or aIterIng by any
means tbe IIgures, Ietters, words or sIgns contaIned tbereIn.
SectIon Four. - FaIsIIIcatIon oI IegIsIatIve, pubIIc, commercIaI,
and prIvatedocuments, and wIreIess, teIegrapb, and teIepbone
message.

Art. 1?0. Fo1s1]1oo11on o] 1eg1s1o11ve dooumen1s. - Tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod and a IIne not
exceedIng P6,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo,
wItbout proper autborIty tbereIor aIters any bIII, resoIutIon, or
ordInance enacted or approved or pendIng approvaI by eItber
House oI tbe LegIsIature or any provIncIaI board or munIcIpaI
councII.
Art. 1?1. Fo1s1]1oo11on bg pub11o o]]1oer, emp1ogee or no1org or
eoo1es1os11o m1n1s1er. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor and a IIne
not to exceed PS,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc
oIIIcer, empIoyee, or notary wbo, takIng advantage oI bIs oIIIcIaI
posItIon, sbaII IaIsIIy a document by commIttIng any oI tbe
IoIIowIng acts:
1. CounterIeItIng or ImItatIng any bandwrItIng, sIgnature or
rubrIc;
2. CausIng It to appear tbat persons bave partIcIpated In any
act or proceedIng wben tbey dId not In Iact so partIcIpate;
3. AttrIbutIng to persons wbo bave partIcIpated In an act or
proceedIng statements otber tban tbose In Iact made by
tbem;
4. MakIng untrutbIuI statements In a narratIon oI Iacts;
S. AIterIng true dates;
6. MakIng any aIteratIon or IntercaIatIon In a genuIne
document wbIcb cbanges Its meanIng;
?. IssuIng In an autbentIcated Iorm a document purportIng
to be a copy oI an orIgInaI document wben no sucb orIgInaI
exIsts, or IncIudIng In sucb a copy a statement contrary to,
or dIIIerent Irom, tbat oI tbe genuIne orIgInaI; or
S. IntercaIatIng any Instrument or note reIatIve to tbe
Issuance tbereoI In a protocoI, regIstry, or oIIIcIaI book.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon any eccIesIastIcaI
mInIster wbo sbaII commIt any oI tbe oIIenses enumerated In tbe
precedIng paragrapbs oI tbIs artIcIe, wItb respect to any record or
document oI sucb cbaracter tbat Its IaIsIIIcatIon may aIIect tbe
cIvII status oI persons.
Art. 1?2. Fo1s1]1oo11on bg pr1vo1e 1nd1v1duo1 ond use o] ]o1s1]1ed
dooumen1s. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum
and maxImum perIods and a IIne oI not more tban PS,000 pesos
sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any prIvate IndIvIduaI wbo sbaII commIt any oI tbe
IaIsIIIcatIons enumerated In tbe next precedIng artIcIe In
any pubIIc or oIIIcIaI document or Ietter oI excbange or any
otber kInd oI commercIaI document; and
2. Any person wbo, to tbe damage oI a tbIrd party, or wItb
tbe Intent to cause sucb damage, sbaII In any prIvate
document commIt any oI tbe acts oI IaIsIIIcatIon
enumerated In tbe next precedIng artIcIe.
Any person wbo sbaII knowIngIy Introduce In evIdence In any
judIcIaI proceedIng or to tbe damage oI anotber or wbo, wItb tbe
Intent to cause sucb damage, sbaII use any oI tbe IaIse documents
embraced In tbe next precedIng artIcIe, or In any oI tbe IoregoIng
subdIvIsIons oI tbIs artIcIe, sbaII be punIsbed by tbe penaIty next
Iower In degree.
Art. 1?3. Fo1s1]1oo11on o] u1re1ess, oob1e, 1e1egrop ond
1e1epone messoges, ond use o] so1d ]o1s1]1ed messoges. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods sbaII be Imposed upon oIIIcer or empIoyee oI tbe
Government or oI any prIvate corporatIon or concern engaged In
tbe servIce oI sendIng or receIvIng wIreIess, cabIe or teIepbone
message wbo utters a IIctItIous wIreIess, teIegrapb or teIepbone
message oI any system or IaIsIIIes tbe same.
Any person wbo sbaII use sucb IaIsIIIed dIspatcb to tbe prejudIce
oI a tbIrd party or wItb tbe Intent oI cause sucb prejudIce, sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty next Iower In degree.

SectIon FIve. - FaIsIIIcatIon oI medIcaI certIIIcates,
certIIIcates oI merIt or servIces and tbe IIke.

Art. 1?4. Fo1se med1oo1 oer11]1oo1es, ]o1se oer11]1oo1es o] mer11s
or serv1oe, e1o. - Tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum
perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne
not to exceed P1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any pbysIcIan or surgeon wbo, In connectIon, wItb tbe
practIce oI bIs proIessIon, sbaII Issue a IaIse certIIIcate; and
2. Any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII Issue a IaIse certIIIcate oI
merIt oI servIce, good conduct or sImIIar cIrcumstances.
Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor sbaII be Imposed upon any prIvate
person wbo sbaII IaIsIIy a certIIIcate IaIIIng wItbIn tbe cIasses
mentIoned In tbe two precedIng subdIvIsIons.
Art. 1?S. Us1ng ]o1se oer11]1oo1es. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto menor
sbaII be Imposed upon any one wbo sbaII knowIngIy use any oI
tbe IaIse certIIIcates mentIoned In tbe next precedIng artIcIe.

SectIon SIx. - ManuIacturIng, ImportIng and possessIon oI
Instruments or ImpIements Intended Ior tbe commIssIon oI
IaIsIIIcatIon.

Art. 1?6. Monu]oo1ur1ng ond possess1on o] 1ns1rumen1s or
1mp1emen1s ]or ]o1s1]1oo11on. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods and a IIne not
to exceed P10,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo
sbaII make or Introduce Into tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands any stamps,
dIes, marks, or otber Instruments or ImpIements Intended to be
used In tbe commIssIon oI tbe oIIenses oI counterIeItIng or
IaIsIIIcatIon mentIoned In tbe precedIng sectIons oI tbIs
Cbapter.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
Any person wbo, wItb tbe IntentIon oI usIng tbem, sbaII bave In
bIs possessIon any oI tbe Instruments or ImpIements mentIoned
In tbe precedIng paragrapbs, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty next Iower In
degree tban tbat provIded tbereIn.

Cbapter Two
OTHER FALSIFICATIONS

Sec. One. - UsurpatIon oI autborIty, rank, tItIe, and Improper use
oI names, unIIorms and InsIgnIa.

Art. 1??. Usurpo11on o] ou1or11g or o]]1o1o1 ]uno11ons. - Any
person wbo sbaII knowIngIy and IaIseIy represent bImseII to be an
oIIIcer, agent or representatIve oI any department or agency oI
tbe PbIIIppIne Government or oI any IoreIgn government, or wbo,
under pretense oI oIIIcIaI posItIon, sbaII perIorm any act
pertaInIng to any person In autborIty or pubIIc oIIIcer oI tbe
PbIIIppIne Government or any IoreIgn government, or any agency
tbereoI, wItbout beIng IawIuIIy entItIed to do so, sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods.
Art. 1?S. Us1ng ]1o1111ous nome ond oonoeo11ng 1rue nome. - Tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne not to exceed S00 pesos sbaII
be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII pubIIcIy use a IIctItIous
name Ior tbe purpose oI conceaIIng a crIme, evadIng tbe
executIon oI a judgment or causIng damage.
Any person wbo conceaIs bIs true name and otber personaI
cIrcumstances sbaII be punIsbed by arresto menor or a IIne not to
exceed 200 pesos.
Art. 1?9. 111ego1 use o] un1]orms or 1ns1gn1o. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
pubIIcIy and ImproperIy make use oI InsIgnIa, unIIorms or dress
pertaInIng to an oIIIce not beId by sucb person or to a cIass oI
persons oI wbIcb be Is not a member.

SectIon Two. - FaIse testImony

Art. 1S0. Fo1se 1es11mong ogo1ns1 o de]endon1. - Any person
wbo sbaII gIve IaIse testImony agaInst tbe deIendant In any
crImInaI case sbaII suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI, II tbe deIendant In saId
case sbaII bave been sentenced to deatb;
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor, II tbe deIendant sbaII bave
been sentenced to recIusIon temporaI or recIusIon perpetua;
3. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI, II tbe deIendant sbaII
bave been sentenced to any otber aIIIIctIve penaIty; and
4. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor, II tbe deIendant sbaII bave
been sentenced to a correctIonaI penaIty or a IIne, or sbaII
bave been acquItted.
In cases provIded In subdIvIsIons 3 and 4 oI tbIs artIcIe tbe
oIIender sbaII Iurtber suIIer a IIne not to exceed 1,000 pesos.
Art. 1S1. Fo1se 1es11mong ]ovorob1e 1o 1e de]endon1s. - Any
person wbo sbaII gIve IaIse testImony In Iavor oI tbe deIendant In
a crImInaI case, sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor In Its
maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod a
IIne not to exceed 1,000 pesos, II tbe prosecutIon Is Ior a IeIony
punIsbabIe by an aIIIIctIve penaIty, and tbe penaIty oI arresto
mayor In any otber case.
Art. 1S2. Fo1se 1es11mong 1n o1v11 ooses. - Any person Iound
guIIty oI IaIse testImony In a cIvII case sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne not to
exceed 6,000 pesos, II tbe amount In controversy sbaII exceed
S,000 pesos, and tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum
perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne
not to exceed 1,000 pesos, II tbe amount In controversy sbaII not
exceed saId amount or cannot be estImated.
Art. 1S3. Fo1se 1es11mong 1n o1er ooses ond per]urg 1n so1emn
o]]1rmo11on.- Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum
perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be
Imposed upon any person, wbo knowIngIy makes untrutbIuI
statements and not beIng IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI tbe next
precedIng artIcIes, sbaII testIIy under oatb, or make an aIIIdavIt,
upon any materIaI matter beIore a competent person autborIzed
to admInIster an oatb In cases In wbIcb tbe Iaw so requIres.
Any person wbo, In case oI a soIemn aIIIrmatIon made In IIeu oI
an oatb, sbaII commIt any oI tbe IaIseboods mentIoned In tbIs
and tbe tbree precedIng artIcIes oI tbIs sectIon, sbaII suIIer tbe
respectIve penaItIes provIded tbereIn.
Art. 1S4. O]]er1ng ]o1se 1es11mong 1n ev1denoe. - Any person wbo
sbaII knowIngIy oIIer In evIdence a IaIse wItness or testImony In
any judIcIaI or oIIIcIaI proceedIng, sbaII be punIsbed as guIIty oI
IaIse testImony and sbaII suIIer tbe respectIve penaItIes provIded
In tbIs sectIon.

Cbapter Tbree
F R A U D S

SectIon One. - MacbInatIons, monopoIIes and combInatIons

Art. 1SS. Moo1no11ons 1n pub11o ouo11ons. - Any person wbo
sbaII soIIcIt any gIIt or promIse as a consIderatIon Ior reIraInIng
Irom takIng part In any pubIIc auctIon, and any person wbo sbaII
attempt to cause bIdders to stay away Irom an auctIon by tbreats,
gIIts, promIses, or any otber artIIIce, wItb Intent to cause tbe
reductIon oI tbe prIce oI tbe tbIng auctIoned, sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and a IIne
rangIng Irom 10 to S0 per centum oI tbe vaIue oI tbe tbIng
auctIoned.
Art. 1S6. Monopo11es ond oomb1no11ons 1n res1ro1n1 o] 1rode. -
Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod or a
IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 6,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed
upon:
1. Any person wbo sbaII enter Into any contract or
agreement or sbaII take part In any conspIracy or
combInatIon In tbe Iorm oI a trust or otberwIse, In restraInt
oI trade or commerce or to prevent by artIIIcIaI means Iree
competItIon In tbe market;
2. Any person wbo sbaII monopoIIze any mercbandIse or
object oI trade or commerce, or sbaII combIne wItb any
otber person or persons to monopoIIze and mercbandIse or
object In order to aIter tbe prIce tbereoI by spreadIng IaIse
rumors or makIng use oI any otber artIcIe to restraIn Iree
competItIon In tbe market;
3. Any person wbo, beIng a manuIacturer, producer, or
processor oI any mercbandIse or object oI commerce or an
Importer oI any mercbandIse or object oI commerce Irom
any IoreIgn country, eItber as prIncIpaI or agent, wboIesaIer
or retaIIer, sbaII combIne, conspIre or agree In any manner
wItb any person IIkewIse engaged In tbe manuIacture,
productIon, processIng, assembIIng or ImportatIon oI sucb
mercbandIse or object oI commerce or wItb any otber
persons not so sImIIarIy engaged Ior tbe purpose oI makIng
transactIons prejudIcIaI to IawIuI commerce, or oI IncreasIng
tbe market prIce In any part oI tbe PbIIIppInes, oI any sucb
mercbandIse or object oI commerce manuIactured,
produced, processed, assembIed In or Imported Into tbe
PbIIIppInes, or oI any artIcIe In tbe manuIacture oI wbIcb
sucb manuIactured, produced, or Imported mercbandIse or
object oI commerce Is used.
II tbe oIIense mentIoned In tbIs artIcIe aIIects any Iood
substance, motor IueI or IubrIcants, or otber artIcIes oI prIme
necessIty, tbe penaIty sbaII be tbat oI prIsIon mayor In Its
maxImum and medIum perIods It beIng suIIIcIent Ior tbe
ImposItIon tbereoI tbat tbe InItIaI steps bave been taken toward
carryIng out tbe purposes oI tbe combInatIon.
Any property possessed under any contract or by any
combInatIon mentIoned In tbe precedIng paragrapbs, and beIng
tbe subject tbereoI, sbaII be IorIeIted to tbe Government oI tbe
PbIIIppInes.
Wbenever any oI tbe oIIenses descrIbed above Is commItted by a
corporatIon or assocIatIon, tbe presIdent and eacb one oI Its
agents or representatIves In tbe PbIIIppInes In case oI a IoreIgn
corporatIon or assocIatIon, wbo sbaII bave knowIngIy permItted
or IaIIed to prevent tbe commIssIon oI sucb oIIense, sbaII be beId
IIabIe as prIncIpaIs tbereoI.

SectIon Two. - Frauds In commerce and Industry

Art. 1S?. 1mpor1o11on ond d1spos111on o] ]o1se1g morKed or11o1es
or meroond1se mode o] go1d, s11ver, or o1er preo1ous me1o1s or
1e1r o11ogs. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI or a IIne
rangIng Irom 200 to 1,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed on
any person wbo sbaII knowIngIy Import or seII or dIspose oI any
artIcIe or mercbandIse made oI goId, sIIver, or otber precIous
metaIs, or tbeIr aIIoys, wItb stamps, brands, or marks wbIcb IaII
to IndIcate tbe actuaI IIneness or quaIIty oI saId metaIs or aIIoys.
Any stamp, brand, IabeI, or mark sbaII be deemed to IaII to
IndIcate tbe actuaI IIneness oI tbe artIcIe on wbIcb It Is engraved,
prInted, stamped, IabeIed or attacbed, wben tbe rest oI tbe artIcIe
sbows tbat tbe quaIIty or IIneness tbereoI Is Iess by more tban
one-baII karat, II made oI goId, and Iess by more tban Iour one-
tbousandtb, II made oI sIIver, tban wbat Is sbown by saId stamp,
brand, IabeI or mark. But In case oI watcb cases and IIatware
made oI goId, tbe actuaI IIneness oI sucb goId sbaII not be Iess by
more tban tbree one-tbousandtb tban tbe IIneness IndIcated by
saId stamp, brand, IabeI, or mark.
Art. 1SS. Subs1s11ng ond o11er1ng 1rode-morK, 1rode-nomes, or
serv1oe morKs. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum perIod or a IIne rangIng Irom S0 to 2,000 pesos, or
botb, sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo sbaII substItute tbe trade name or trade-
mark oI some otber manuIacturer or deaIer or a coIorabIe
ImItatIon tbereoI, Ior tbe trademark oI tbe reaI
manuIacturer or deaIer upon any artIcIe oI commerce and
sbaII seII tbe same;
2. Any person wbo sbaII seII sucb artIcIes oI commerce or
oIIer tbe same Ior saIe, knowIng tbat tbe trade-name or
trade- mark bas been IrauduIentIy used In sucb goods as
descrIbed In tbe precedIng subdIvIsIon;
3. Any person wbo, In tbe saIe or advertIsIng oI bIs servIces,
sbaII use or substItute tbe servIce mark oI some otber
person, or a coIorabIe ImItatIon oI sucb mark; or
4. Any person wbo, knowIng tbe purpose Ior wbIcb tbe trade-
name, trade-mark, or servIce mark oI a person Is to be used,
prInts, IItbograpbs, or In any way reproduces sucb trade-
name, trade-mark, or servIce mark, or a coIorabIe ImItatIon
tbereoI, Ior anotber person, to enabIe tbat otber person to
IrauduIentIy use sucb trade-name, trade-mark, or servIce
mark on bIs own goods or In connectIon wItb tbe saIe or
advertIsIng oI bIs servIces.
A trade-name or trade-mark as bereIn used Is a word or words,
name, tItIe, symboI, embIem, sIgn or devIce, or any combInatIon
tbereoI used as an advertIsement, sIgn, IabeI, poster, or
otberwIse, Ior tbe purpose oI enabIIng tbe pubIIc to dIstInguIsb
tbe busIness oI tbe person wbo owns and uses saId trade-name or
trade-mark.
A servIce mark as bereIn used Is a mark used In tbe saIe or
advertIsIng oI servIces to IdentIIy tbe servIces oI one person and
dIstInguIsb tbem Irom tbe servIces oI otbers and IncIudes wItbout
IImItatIon tbe marks, names, symboIs, tItIes, desIgnatIons,
sIogans, cbaracter names, and dIstInctIve Ieatures oI radIo or
otber advertIsIng.
Art. 1S9. Un]o1r oompe1111on, ]roudu1en1 reg1s1ro11on o] 1rode-
morK, 1rode-nome or serv1oe morK, ]roudu1en1 des1gno11on o]
or1g1n, ond ]o1se desor1p11on. - Tbe penaIty provIded In tbe next
proceedIng artIcIe sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo, In unIaIr competItIon and Ior tbe
purposes oI deceIvIng or deIraudIng anotber oI bIs IegItImate
trade or tbe pubIIc In generaI, sbaII seII bIs goods gIvIng
tbem tbe generaI appearance oI goods oI anotber
manuIacturer or deaIer, eItber as to tbe goods tbemseIves,
or In tbe wrappIng oI tbe packages In wbIcb tbey are
contaIned or tbe devIce or words tbereon or In any otber
Ieatures oI tbeIr appearance wbIcb wouId be IIkeIy to Induce
tbe pubIIc to beIIeve tbat tbe goods oIIered are tbose oI a
manuIacturer or deaIer otber tban tbe actuaI manuIacturer
or deaIer or sbaII gIve otber persons a cbance or opportunIty
to do tbe same wItb a IIke purpose.
2. Any person wbo sbaII aIIIx, appIy, annex or use In
connectIon wItb any goods or servIces or any contaIner or
contaIners Ior goods a IaIse desIgnatIon oI orIgIn or any IaIse
descrIptIon or representatIon and sbaII seII sucb goods or
servIces.
3. Any person wbo by means oI IaIse or IrauduIent
representatIon or decIaratIons oraIIy or In wrItIng or by
otber IrauduIent means sbaII procure Irom tbe patent oIIIce
or Irom any otber oIIIce wbIcb may bereaIter be estabIIsbed
by Iaw Ior tbe purposes tbe regIstratIon oI a trade-name,
trade-mark or servIce mark or oI bImseII as tbe owner oI
sucb trade-name, trade-mark or servIce mark or an entry
respectIng a trade-name, trade-mark or servIce mark.
TItIe FIve

CRIMES RELATIVE TO OPIUM AND OTHER PROHIBITED DRUGS

[Art. 190. Possess1on, preporo11on ond use o] pro1b11ed drugs
ond mo1n1enonoe o] op1um dens. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor
In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum
perIod and a IIne rangIng Irom 300 to 1,000 pesos sbaII be
Imposed upon:
1. Anyone wbo unIess IawIuIIy autborIzed sbaII possess,
prepare, admInIster, or otberwIse use any probIbIted drug.
"ProbIbIted drug," as used bereIn IncIudes opIum, cocaIne,
aIpba and beta eucaIne, IndIan bemp, tbeIr derIvatIves, and
aII preparatIons made Irom tbem or any oI tbem, and sucb
otber drugs, wbetber naturaI or syntbetIc, bavIng
pbysIoIogIcaI actIon as a narcotIc drug.
"OpIum" embraces every kInd, cIass, and cbaracter oI opIum,
wbetber crude or prepared; tbe asbes on reIuse oI tbe same;
narcotIc preparatIons tbereoI or tbereIrom; morpbIne or any
aIkaIoId oI opIum, preparatIon In wbIcb opIum, morpbIne or
any kInd oI opIum, enter as an IngredIent, and aIso opIum
Ieaves or wrappIngs oI opIum Ieaves, wbetber prepared or
not Ior tbeIr use.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
"IndIan bemp" otberwIse known as marIjuana, cannabIs,
AmerIcana, basbIsb, bbang, guaza, cburruz, and ganjab
embraces every kInd, cIass and cbaracter oI IndIan bemp,
wbetber drIed or Iresb, IIowerIng or IruItIng tops oI tbe
pIstIIIate pIant cannabIs satIvaI, Irom wbIcb tbe resIn bas
not been extracted, IncIudIng aII otber geograpbIc varIetIes
wbetber used as reeIers, resIn, extract, tIncture or In any
otber Iorm wbatsoever.
By narcotIc drug Is meant a drug tbat produces a condItIon
oI InsensIbIIIty and meIancboIy duIIness oI mInd wItb
deIusIons and may be babIt-IormIng.
2. Anyone wbo sbaII maIntaIn a dIve or resort wbere any
probIbIted drug Is used In any Iorm, In vIoIatIon oI tbe Iaw.]
[Ar1. J9J. Reeper, uo1omon ond v1s11or o] op1um den. - Tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne rangIng Irom 100 to 300
pesos sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Anyone wbo sbaII act as a keeper or watcbman oI a dIve or
resort wbere any probIbIted drug Is used In any manner
contrary to Iaw; and
2. Any person wbo, not beIng IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI
tbe next precedIng artIcIe, sbaII knowIngIy vIsIt any dIve or
resort oI tbe cbaracter reIerred to above.]
[Art. 192. 1mpor1o11on ond so1e o] pro1b11ed drugs. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods and a IIne rangIng Irom 300 to 10,000 pesos sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII Import or brIng Into tbe
PbIIIppIne IsIands any probIbIted drug.]
[Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
unIawIuIIy seII or deIIver to anotber probIbIted drug.]
[Art. 193. 111ego1 possess1on o] op1um p1pe or o1er
poroperno11o ]or 1e use o] ong pro1b11ed drug. - Tbe penaIty
oI arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo, not beIng autborIzed by Iaw, sbaII
possess any opIum pIpe or otber parapbernaIIa Ior smokIng,
InjectIng, admInIsterIng or usIng opIum or any probIbIted drug.
[Tbe IIIegaI possessIon oI an opIum pIpe or otber parapbernaIIa Ior
usIng any otber probIbIted drug sbaII be prIma IacIe evIdence tbat
Its possessor bas used saId drug.]
[Art. 194. Presor1b1ng op1um unneoessorg ]or o po11en1. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI or a IIne rangIng Irom 300 to
10,000 pesos, or botb sbaII be Imposed upon any pbysIcIan or
dentIst wbo sbaII prescrIbe opIum Ior any person wbose pbysIcaI
condItIon does not requIre tbe use oI tbe same.]

TItIe SIx

CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS

Cbapter One
GAMBLING AND BETTING

Art. 19S. Wo1 oo1s ore pun1sob1e 1n gomb11ng. - (a) Tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor or a IIne not exceedIng two bundred
pesos, and, In case oI recIdIvIsm, tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor or
a IIne rangIng Irom two bundred or sIx tbousand pesos, sbaII be
Imposed upon:
1. Any person otber tban tbose reIerred to In subsectIons (b)
and (c) wbo, In any manner sbaII dIrectIy, or IndIrectIy take
part In any game oI monte, jueteng or any otber Iorm oI
Iottery, poIIcy, bankIng, or percentage game, dog races, or
any otber game oI scbeme tbe resuIt oI wbIcb depends
wboIIy or cbIeIIy upon cbance or bazard; or wbereIn wagers
consIstIng oI money, artIcIes oI vaIue or representatIve oI
vaIue are made; or In tbe expIoItatIon or use oI any otber
mecbanIcaI InventIon or contrIvance to determIne by cbance
tbe Ioser or wInner oI money or any object or representatIve
oI vaIue.
2. Any person wbo sbaII knowIngIy permIt any Iorm oI
gambIIng reIerred to In tbe precedIng subdIvIsIon to be
carrIed on In any unbabIted or unInbabIted pIace oI any
buIIdIng, vesseI or otber means oI transportatIon owned or
controIIed by bIm. II tbe pIace wbere gambIIng Is carrIed on
bas tbe reputatIon oI a gambIIng pIace or tbat probIbIted
gambIIng Is IrequentIy carrIed on tbereIn, tbe cuIprIt sbaII be
punIsbed by tbe penaIty provIded Ior In tbIs artIcIe In Its
maxImum perIod.
(b) Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum degree
sbaII be Imposed upon tbe maIntaIner, conductor, or banker In a
game oI jueteng or any sImIIar game.
(c) Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum degree sbaII
be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII, knowIngIy and wItbout
IawIuI purpose, bave In bIs possessIon and Iottery IIst, paper or
otber matter contaInIng Ietters, IIgures, sIgns or symboIs wbIcb
pertaIn to or are In any manner used In tbe game oI jueteng or
any sImIIar game wbIcb bas taken pIace or about to take pIace.

Art. 196. 1mpor1o11on, so1e ond possess1on o] 1o11erg 11oKe1s or
odver11semen1s. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum
perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod or a IIne
rangIng Irom 200 to 2,000 pesos, or botb, In tbe dIscretIon oI tbe
court, sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII Import Into
tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands Irom any IoreIgn pIace or port any Iottery
tIcket or advertIsement or, In connIvance wItb tbe Importer, sbaII
seII or dIstrIbute tbe same.
Any person wbo sbaII knowIngIy and wItb Intent to use tbem,
bave In bIs possessIon Iottery tIckets or advertIsements, or sbaII
seII or dIstrIbute tbe same wItbout connIvance wItb tbe Importer
oI tbe same, sbaII be punIsbed by arresto menor, or a IIne not
exceedIng 200 pesos, or botb, In tbe dIscretIon oI tbe court.
Tbe possessIon oI any Iottery tIcket or advertIsement sbaII be
prIma IacIe evIdence oI an Intent to seII, dIstrIbute or use tbe
same In tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands.
Art. 19?. Be111ng 1n spor1s oon1es1s. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
menor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos, or botb, sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII bet money or any object or
artIcIe oI vaIue or representatIve oI vaIue upon tbe resuIt oI any
boxIng or otber sports contests.
Art. 19S. 111ego1 be111ng on orse rooe. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
menor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos, or botb, sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo except durIng tbe perIod aIIowed
by Iaw, sbaII be on borse races. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor or a
IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 2,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed
upon any person wbo, under tbe same cIrcumstances, sbaII
maIntaIn or empIoy a totaIIzer or otber devIce or scbeme Ior
bettIng on borse races or reaIIzIng any proIIt tbereIrom.
For tbe purposes oI tbIs artIcIe, any race beId In tbe same day at
tbe same pIace sbaII be beId punIsbabIe as a separate oIIense, and
II tbe same be commItted by any partnersbIp, corporatIon or
assocIatIon, tbe presIdent and tbe dIrectors or managers tbereoI
sbaII be deemed to be prIncIpaIs In tbe oIIense II tbey bave
consented to or knowIngIy toIerated Its commIssIon.
Art. 199. 111ego1 oooK]1g11ng. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto menor or
a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos, or botb, In tbe dIscretIon oI tbe
court, sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo dIrectIy or IndIrectIy partIcIpates In
cockIIgbts, by bettIng money or otber vaIuabIe tbIngs, or
wbo organIzes cockIIgbts at wbIcb bets are made, on a day
otber tban tbose permItted by Iaw.
2. Any person wbo dIrectIy or IndIrectIy partIcIpates In
cockIIgbts, at a pIace otber tban a IIcensed cockpIt.

(Click here for the full text of
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1602
SIMPLIFYING AND PROVIDING STIFFER PENALTIES FOR
VIOLATIONS OF PHILIPPINE GAMBLING LAWS)

Cbapter Two
OFFENSES AGAINST DECENCY AND GOOD CUSTOMS

Art. 200. Grove soondo1. - Tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor and
pubIIc censure sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII oIIend
agaInst decency or good customs by any bIgbIy scandaIous
conduct not expressIy IaIIIng wItbIn any otber artIcIe oI tbIs
Code.
Art. 201. 1mmoro1 doo1r1nes, obsoene pub11oo11ons ond
e1b111ons ond 1ndeoen1 sous. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor
or a IIne rangIng Irom sIx tbousand to tweIve tbousand pesos, or
botb sucb ImprIsonment and IIne, sbaII be Imposed upon:
(1) Tbose wbo sbaII pubIIcIy expound or procIaIm doctrInes
openIy contrary to pubIIc moraIs;
(2) (a) tbe autbors oI obscene IIterature, pubIIsbed wItb tbeIr
knowIedge In any Iorm; tbe edItors pubIIsbIng sucb
IIterature; and tbe ownersJoperators oI tbe estabIIsbment
seIIIng tbe same;
(b) Tbose wbo, In tbeaters, IaIrs, cInematograpbs or any
otber pIace, exbIbIt, Indecent or ImmoraI pIays, scenes, acts
or sbows, wbetber IIve or In IIIm, wbIcb are prescrIbed by
vIrtue bereoI, sbaII IncIude tbose wbIcb (1) gIorIIy crImInaIs
or condone crImes; (2) serve no otber purpose but to satIsIy
tbe market Ior vIoIence, Iust or pornograpby; (3) oIIend any
race or reIIgIon; (4) tend to abet traIIIc In and use oI
probIbIted drugs; and (S) are contrary to Iaw, pubIIc order,
moraIs, and good customs, estabIIsbed poIIcIes, IawIuI
orders, decrees and edIcts;
(3) Tbose wbo sbaII seII, gIve away or exbIbIt IIIms, prInts,
engravIngs, scuIpture or IIterature wbIcb are oIIensIve to
moraIs. (As amended by PD Nos. 960 and 969).
Art. 202. Vogron1s ond pros111u1es; peno11g. - Tbe IoIIowIng are
vagrants:
1. Any person bavIng no apparent means oI subsIstence, wbo
bas tbe pbysIcaI abIIIty to work and wbo negIects to appIy
bImseII or berseII to some IawIuI caIIIng;
2. Any person Iound IoIterIng about pubIIc or semI-pubIIc
buIIdIngs or pIaces or trampIIng or wanderIng about tbe
country or tbe streets wItbout vIsIbIe means oI support;
3. Any IdIe or dIssoIute person wbo Iedges In bouses oI III
Iame; ruIIIans or pImps and tbose wbo babItuaIIy assocIate
wItb prostItutes;
4. Any person wbo, not beIng IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI
otber artIcIes oI tbIs Code, sbaII be Iound IoIterIng In any
InbabIted or unInbabIted pIace beIongIng to anotber wItbout
any IawIuI or justIIIabIe purpose;
S. ProstItutes.
For tbe purposes oI tbIs artIcIe, women wbo, Ior money or proIIt,
babItuaIIy InduIge In sexuaI Intercourse or IascIvIous conduct, are
deemed to be prostItutes.
Any person Iound guIIty oI any oI tbe oIIenses covered by tbIs
artIcIes sbaII be punIsbed by arresto menor or a IIne not
exceedIng 200 pesos, and In case oI recIdIvIsm, by arresto mayor
In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum
perIod or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 2,000 pesos, or botb, In tbe
dIscretIon oI tbe court.

TItIe Seven

CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERS

Cbapter One
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS

Art. 203. Wo ore pub11o o]]1oers. - For tbe purpose oI appIyIng
tbe provIsIons oI tbIs and tbe precedIng tItIes oI tbIs book, any
person wbo, by dIrect provIsIon oI tbe Iaw, popuIar eIectIon or
appoIntment by competent autborIty, sbaII take part In tbe
perIormance oI pubIIc IunctIons In tbe Government oI tbe
PbIIIppIne IsIands, oI sbaII perIorm In saId Government or In any
oI Its brancbes pubIIc dutIes as an empIoyee, agent or subordInate
oIIIcIaI, oI any rank or cIass, sbaII be deemed to be a pubIIc
oIIIcer.

Cbapter Two
MALFEASANCE AND MISFEASANCE IN OFFICE

SectIon One. - DereIIctIon oI duty

Art. 204. Rnou1ng1g render1ng un]us1 ]udgmen1. - Any judge wbo
sbaII knowIngIy render an unjust judgment In any case submItted
to bIm Ior decIsIon, sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon mayor and
perpetuaI absoIute dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
Art. 20S. Judgmen1 rendered 1roug neg11genoe. - Any judge
wbo, by reason oI InexcusabIe negIIgence or Ignorance sbaII
render a manIIestIy unjust judgment In any case submItted to
bIm Ior decIsIon sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor and
temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
Art. 206. Un]us1 1n1er1oou1org order. - Any judge wbo sbaII
knowIngIy render an unjust InterIocutory order or decree sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its mInImum perIod and
suspensIon; but II be sbaII bave acted by reason oI InexcusabIe
negIIgence or Ignorance and tbe InterIocutory order or decree be
manIIestIy unjust, tbe penaIty sbaII be suspensIon.
Art. 20?. Mo11o1ous de1og 1n 1e odm1n1s1ro11on o] ]us11oe. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be
Imposed upon any judge guIIty oI maIIcIous deIay In tbe
admInIstratIon oI justIce.
Art. 20S. Proseou11on o] o]]enses; neg11genoe ond 1o1eronoe. -
Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and
suspensIon sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer, or oIIIcer oI
tbe Iaw, wbo, In dereIIctIon oI tbe dutIes oI bIs oIIIce, sbaII
maIIcIousIy reIraIn Irom InstItutIng prosecutIon Ior tbe
punIsbment oI vIoIators oI tbe Iaw, or sbaII toIerate tbe
commIssIon oI oIIenses.
Art. 209. Be1rogo1 o] 1rus1 bg on o11orneg or so11o11or. -
Reve1o11on o] seore1s. - In addItIon to tbe proper admInIstratIve
actIon, tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod,
or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 1,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be
Imposed upon any attorney-at-Iaw or soIIcItor ( procurador
judIcIaI) wbo, by any maIIcIous breacb oI proIessIonaI duty or oI
InexcusabIe negIIgence or Ignorance, sbaII prejudIce bIs cIIent, or
reveaI any oI tbe secrets oI tbe Iatter Iearned by bIm In bIs
proIessIonaI capacIty.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon an attorney-at-Iaw or
soIIcItor
(proourodor ]ud1o1o1) wbo, bavIng undertaken tbe deIense oI a
cIIent or bavIng receIved conIIdentIaI InIormatIon Irom saId
cIIent In a case, sbaII undertake tbe deIense oI tbe opposIng party
In tbe same case, wItbout tbe consent oI bIs IIrst cIIent.

SectIon Two. - BrIbery

Art. 210. D1reo1 br1berg. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII agree to
perIorm an act constItutIng a crIme, In connectIon wItb tbe
perIormance oI tbIs oIIIcIaI dutIes, In consIderatIon oI any oIIer,
promIse, gIIt or present receIved by sucb oIIIcer, personaIIy or
tbrougb tbe medIatIon oI anotber, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon mayor In Its medIum and maxImum perIods and a IIne [oI
not Iess tban tbe vaIue oI tbe gIIt and] not Iess tban tbree tImes
tbe vaIue oI tbe gIIt In addItIon to tbe penaIty correspondIng to
tbe crIme agreed upon, II tbe same sbaII bave been commItted.
II tbe gIIt was accepted by tbe oIIIcer In consIderatIon oI tbe
executIon oI an act wbIcb does not constItute a crIme, and tbe
oIIIcer executed saId act, be sbaII suIIer tbe same penaIty
provIded In tbe precedIng paragrapb; and II saId act sbaII not
bave been accompIIsbed, tbe oIIIcer sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI
prIsIon correccIonaI, In Its medIum perIod and a IIne oI not Iess
tban twIce tbe vaIue oI sucb gIIt.
II tbe object Ior wbIcb tbe gIIt was receIved or promIsed was to
make tbe pubIIc oIIIcer reIraIn Irom doIng sometbIng wbIcb It was
bIs oIIIcIaI duty to do, be sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod and a IIne [oI not Iess tban
tbe vaIue oI tbe gIIt and] not Iess tban tbree tImes tbe vaIue oI
sucb gIIt.
In addItIon to tbe penaItIes provIded In tbe precedIng paragrapbs,
tbe cuIprIt sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI specIaI temporary
dIsquaIIIIcatIon.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
Tbe provIsIons contaIned In tbe precedIng paragrapbs sbaII be
made appIIcabIe to assessors, arbItrators, appraIsaI and cIaIm
commIssIoners, experts or any otber persons perIormIng pubIIc
dutIes. (As amended by Batas Pambansa BIg. S?2, June 10, 19SS).
Art. 211. 1nd1reo1 br1berg. - Tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon correccIonaI
In Its medIum and maxImum perIods, and pubIIc censure sbaII be
Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII accept gIIts oIIered to
bIm by reason oI bIs oIIIce. (As amended by Batas Pambansa BIg. S?2, June 10,
19SS).
Art. 212. Corrup11on o] pub11o o]]1o1o1s. - Tbe same penaItIes
Imposed upon tbe oIIIcer corrupted, except tbose oI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon and suspensIon, sbaII be Imposed upon any
person wbo sbaII bave made tbe oIIers or promIses or gIven tbe
gIIts or presents as descrIbed In tbe precedIng artIcIes.

Cbapter Tbree
FRAUDS AND ILLEGAL EXACTIONS AND TRANSACTIONS
Art. 213. Frouds ogo1ns1 1e pub11o 1reosurg ond s1m11or
o]]enses. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum
perIod to prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod, or a IIne rangIng
Irom 200 to 10,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon any
pubIIc oIIIcer wbo:
1. In bIs oIIIcIaI capacIty, In deaIIng wItb any person wItb
regard to IurnIsbIng suppIIes, tbe makIng oI contracts, or
tbe adjustment or settIement oI accounts reIatIng to pubIIc
property or Iunds, sbaII enter Into an agreement wItb any
Interested party or specuIator or make use oI any otber
scbeme, to deIraud tbe Government;
2. BeIng entrusted wItb tbe coIIectIon oI taxes, IIcenses, Iees
and otber Imposts, sbaII be guIIty or any oI tbe IoIIowIng
acts or omIssIons:

(a) DemandIng, dIrectIy, or IndIrectIy, tbe payment oI

sums dIIIerent Irom or Iarger tban tbose autborIzed by
Iaw.
(b) FaIIIng voIuntarIIy to Issue a receIpt, as provIded by
Iaw, Ior any sum oI money coIIected by bIm oIIIcIaIIy.
(c) CoIIectIng or receIvIng, dIrectIy or IndIrectIy, by way
oI payment or otberwIse tbIngs or objects oI a nature
dIIIerent Irom tbat provIded by Iaw.
Wben tbe cuIprIt Is an oIIIcer or empIoyee oI tbe Bureau oI
InternaI Revenue or tbe Bureau oI Customs, tbe provIsIons oI tbe
AdmInIstratIve Code sbaII be appIIed.
Art. 214. O1er ]rouds. - In addItIon to tbe penaItIes prescrIbed
In tbe provIsIons oI Cbapter SIx, TItIe Ten, Book Two, oI tbIs
Code, tbe penaIty oI temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon In Its
maxImum perIod to perpetuaI specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon sbaII be
Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo, takIng advantage oI bIs
oIIIcIaI posItIon, sbaII commIt any oI tbe Irauds or deceIts
enumerated In saId provIsIons.
Art. 21S. Pro1b11ed 1ronsoo11ons. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to
1,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon any appoIntIve pubIIc
oIIIcer wbo, durIng bIs Incumbency, sbaII dIrectIy or IndIrectIy
become Interested In any transactIon oI excbange or specuIatIon
wItbIn tbe terrItory subject to bIs jurIsdIctIon.
Art. 216. Possess1on o] pro1b11ed 1n1eres1 bg o pub11o o]]1oer. -
Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to
1,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon a pubIIc oIIIcer wbo
dIrectIy or IndIrectIy, sbaII become Interested In any contract or
busIness In wbIcb It Is bIs oIIIcIaI duty to Intervene.
TbIs provIsIons Is appIIcabIe to experts, arbItrators and prIvate
accountants wbo, In IIke manner, sbaII take part In any contract
or transactIon connected wItb tbe estate or property In appraIsaI,
dIstrIbutIon or adjudIcatIon oI wbIcb tbey sbaII bave acted, and to
tbe guardIans and executors wItb respect to tbe property
beIongIng to tbeIr wards or estate.

Cbapter Four
MALVERSATION OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR PROPERTY

Art. 21?. Mo1verso11on o] pub11o ]unds or proper1g; Presump11on
o] mo1verso11on. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo, by reason oI tbe dutIes
oI bIs oIIIce, Is accountabIe Ior pubIIc Iunds or property, sbaII
approprIate tbe same or sbaII take or mIsapproprIate or sbaII
consent, tbrougb abandonment or negIIgence, sbaII permIt any
otber person to take sucb pubIIc Iunds, or property, wboIIy or
partIaIIy, or sbaII otberwIse be guIIty oI tbe mIsapproprIatIon or
maIversatIon oI sucb Iunds or property, sbaII suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II tbe amount InvoIved In tbe
mIsapproprIatIon or maIversatIon does not exceed two
bundred pesos.
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods, II tbe amount InvoIved Is more tban two bundred
pesos but does not exceed sIx tbousand pesos.
3. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
recIusIon temporaI In Its mInImum perIod, II tbe amount
InvoIved Is more tban sIx tbousand pesos but Is Iess tban
tweIve tbousand pesos.
4. Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI, In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II tbe amount InvoIved Is more tban
tweIve tbousand pesos but Is Iess tban twenty-two tbousand
pesos. II tbe amount exceeds tbe Iatter, tbe penaIty sbaII be
recIusIon temporaI In Its maxImum perIod to recIusIon
perpetua.
In aII cases, persons guIIty oI maIversatIon sbaII aIso suIIer tbe
penaIty oI perpetuaI specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne equaI to
tbe amount oI tbe Iunds maIversed or equaI to tbe totaI vaIue oI
tbe property embezzIed.
Tbe IaIIure oI a pubIIc oIIIcer to bave duIy IortbcomIng any pubIIc
Iunds or property wItb wbIcb be Is cbargeabIe, upon demand by
any duIy autborIzed oIIIcer, sbaII be prIma IacIe evIdence tbat be
bas put sucb mIssIng Iunds or property to personaI use. (As amended
by RA 1060).
Art. 21S. Fo11ure o] ooooun1ob1e o]]1oer 1o render ooooun1s. -
Any pubIIc oIIIcer, wbetber In tbe servIce or separated tbereIrom
by resIgnatIon or any otber cause, wbo Is requIred by Iaw or
reguIatIon to render account to tbe InsuIar AudItor, or to a
provIncIaI audItor and wbo IaIIs to do so Ior a perIod oI two
montbs aIter sucb accounts sbouId be rendered, sbaII be punIsbed
by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, or by a IIne
rangIng Irom 200 to 6,000 pesos, or botb.
Art. 219. Fo11ure o] o respons1b1e pub11o o]]1oer 1o render
ooooun1s be]ore 1eov1ng 1e ooun1rg. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo
unIawIuIIy Ieaves or attempts to Ieave tbe PbIIIppIne IsIands
wItbout securIng a certIIIcate Irom tbe InsuIar AudItor sbowIng
tbat bIs accounts bave been IInaIIy settIed, sbaII be punIsbed by
arresto mayor, or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 1,000 pesos or botb.
Art. 220. 111ego1 use o] pub11o ]unds or proper1g. - Any pubIIc
oIIIcer wbo sbaII appIy any pubIIc Iund or property under bIs
admInIstratIon to any pubIIc use otber tban Ior wbIcb sucb Iund
or property were approprIated by Iaw or ordInance sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod or a IIne
rangIng Irom one-baII to tbe totaI oI tbe sum mIsappIIed, II by
reason oI sucb mIsappIIcatIon, any damages or embarrassment
sbaII bave resuIted to tbe pubIIc servIce. In eItber case, tbe
oIIender sbaII aIso suIIer tbe penaIty oI temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
II no damage or embarrassment to tbe pubIIc servIce bas resuIted,
tbe penaIty sbaII be a IIne Irom S to S0 per cent oI tbe sum
mIsappIIed.
Art. 221. Fo11ure 1o moKe de11verg o] pub11o ]unds or proper1g. -
Any pubIIc oIIIcer under obIIgatIon to make payment Irom
Government Iunds In bIs possessIon, wbo sbaII IaII to make sucb
payment, sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor and a IIne Irom S to
2S per cent oI tbe sum wbIcb be IaIIed to pay.
TbIs provIsIon sbaII appIy to any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo, beIng ordered
by competent autborIty to deIIver any property In bIs custody or
under bIs admInIstratIon, sbaII reIuse to make sucb deIIvery.
Tbe IIne sbaII be graduated In sucb case by tbe vaIue oI tbe tbIng,
provIded tbat It sbaII not Iess tban S0 pesos.
Art. 222. O]]1oers 1no1uded 1n 1e preoed1ng prov1s1ons. - Tbe
provIsIons oI tbIs cbapter sbaII appIy to prIvate IndIvIduaIs wbo
In any capacIty wbatever, bave cbarge oI any InsuIar, provIncIaI
or munIcIpaI Iunds, revenues, or property and to any
admInIstrator or deposItory oI Iunds or property attacbed, seIzed
or deposIted by pubIIc autborIty, even II sucb property beIongs to
a prIvate IndIvIduaI.

Cbapter FIve
INFIDELITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

SectIon One. - InIIdeIIty In tbe custody oI prIsoners

Art. 223. Conn1v1ng u11 or oonsen11ng 1o evos1on. - Any pubIIc
oIIIcer wbo sbaII consent to tbe escape oI a prIsoner In bIs
custody or cbarge, sbaII be punIsbed:
1. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods and temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon In Its
maxImum perIod to perpetuaI specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon, II tbe
IugItIve sbaII bave been sentenced by IInaI judgment to any
penaIty.
2. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod and
temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon, In case tbe IugItIve sbaII
not bave been IInaIIy convIcted but onIy beId as a detentIon
prIsoner Ior any crIme or vIoIatIon oI Iaw or munIcIpaI
ordInance.
Art. 224. vos1on 1roug neg11genoe. - II tbe evasIon oI tbe
prIsoner sbaII bave taken pIace tbrougb tbe negIIgence oI tbe
oIIIcer cbarged wItb tbe conveyance or custody oI tbe escapIng
prIsoner, saId oIIIcer sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor In
Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum
perIod and temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
Art. 22S. soope o] pr1soner under 1e ous1odg o] o person no1 o
pub11o o]]1oer. - Any prIvate person to wbom tbe conveyance or
custody or a prIsoner or person under arrest sbaII bave been
conIIded, wbo sbaII commIt any oI tbe oIIenses mentIoned In tbe
two precedIng artIcIes, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty next Iower In
degree tban tbat prescrIbed Ior tbe pubIIc oIIIcer.

SectIon Two. - InIIdeIIty In tbe custody oI document

Art. 226. Removo1, oonoeo1men1 or des1ruo11on o] dooumen1s. -
Any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII remove, destroy or conceaI
documents or papers oIIIcIaIIy entrusted to bIm, sbaII suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor and a IIne not exceedIng
1,000 pesos, wbenever serIous damage sbaII bave been
caused tbereby to a tbIrd party or to tbe pubIIc Interest.
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIod and a IIne not exceedIng 1,000 pesos,
wbenever tbe damage to a tbIrd party or to tbe pubIIc
Interest sbaII not bave been serIous.
In eItber case, tbe addItIonaI penaIty oI temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon In Its maxImum perIod to perpetuaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 22?. O]]1oer breoK1ng seo1. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer cbarged wItb
tbe custody oI papers or property seaIed by proper autborIty, wbo
sbaII break tbe seaIs or permIt tbem to be broken, sbaII suIIer tbe
penaItIes oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods, temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne not
exceedIng 2,000 pesos.
Art. 22S. Open1ng o] o1osed dooumen1s. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer not
IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI tbe next precedIng artIcIe wbo,
wItbout proper autborIty, sbaII open or sbaII permIt to be opened
any cIosed papers, documents or objects entrusted to bIs custody,
sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes or arresto mayor, temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne oI not exceedIng 2,000 pesos.

SectIon Tbree. - ReveIatIon oI secrets

Art. 229. Reve1o11on o] seore1s bg on o]]1oer. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer
wbo sbaII reveaI any secret known to bIm by reason oI bIs oIIIcIaI
capacIty, or sbaII wrongIuIIy deIIver papers or copIes oI papers oI
wbIcb be may bave cbarge and wbIcb sbouId not be pubIIsbed,
sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum
and maxImum perIods, perpetuaI specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a
IIne not exceedIng 2,000 pesos II tbe reveIatIon oI sucb secrets or
tbe deIIvery oI sucb papers sbaII bave caused serIous damage to
tbe pubIIc Interest; otberwIse, tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne not exceedIng S0 pesos sbaII be
Imposed.
Art. 230. Pub11o o]]1oer reveo11ng seore1s o] pr1vo1e 1nd1v1duo1. -
Any pubIIc oIIIcer to wbom tbe secrets oI any prIvate IndIvIduaI
sbaII become known by reason oI bIs oIIIce wbo sbaII reveaI sucb
secrets, sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor and a IIne not
exceedIng 1,000 pesos.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary

Cbapter SIx
OTHER OFFENSES OR IRREGULARITIES BY PUBLIC OFFICERS

Art. 231. Open d1sobed1enoe. - Any judIcIaI or executIve oIIIcer
wbo sbaII openIy reIuse to execute tbe judgment, decIsIon or
order oI any superIor autborIty made wItbIn tbe scope oI tbe
jurIsdIctIon oI tbe Iatter and Issued wItb aII tbe IegaI IormaIItIes,
sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor In Its medIum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon In Its maxImum perIod and a IIne not exceedIng
1,000 pesos.
Art. 232. D1sobed1enoe 1o order o] super1or o]]1oers, uen so1d
order uos suspended bg 1n]er1or o]]1oer. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer
wbo, bavIng Ior any reason suspended tbe executIon oI tbe orders
oI bIs superIors, sbaII dIsobey sucb superIors aIter tbe Iatter bave
dIsapproved tbe suspensIon, sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and perpetuaI
specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
Art. 233. Re]uso1 o] oss1s1onoe. - Tbe penaItIes oI arresto mayor
In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum
perIod, perpetuaI specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne not exceedIng
1,000 pesos, sbaII be Imposed upon a pubIIc oIIIcer wbo, upon
demand Irom competent autborIty, sbaII IaII to Iend bIs
cooperatIon towards tbe admInIstratIon oI justIce or otber pubIIc
servIce, II sucb IaIIure sbaII resuIt In serIous damage to tbe pubIIc
Interest, or to a tbIrd party; otberwIse, arresto mayor In Its
medIum and maxImum perIods and a IIne not exceedIng S00
pesos sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 234. Re]uso1 1o d1soorge e1eo11ve o]]1oe. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor or a IIne not exceedIng 1,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII
be Imposed upon any person wbo, bavIng been eIected by popuIar
eIectIon to a pubIIc oIIIce, sbaII reIuse wItbout IegaI motIve to be
sworn In or to dIscbarge tbe dutIes oI saId oIIIce.
Art. 23S. Mo11reo1men1 o] pr1soners. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
mayor In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum perIod, In addItIon to bIs IIabIIIty Ior tbe pbysIcaI
InjurIes or damage caused, sbaII be Imposed upon any pubIIc
oIIIcer or empIoyee wbo sbaII overdo bImseII In tbe correctIon or
bandIIng oI a prIsoner or detentIon prIsoner under bIs cbarge, by
tbe ImposItIon oI punIsbment not autborIzed by tbe reguIatIons,
or by InIIIctIng sucb punIsbment In a crueI and bumIIIatIng
manner.
II tbe purpose oI tbe maItreatment Is to extort a conIessIon, or to
obtaIn some InIormatIon Irom tbe prIsoner, tbe oIIender sbaII be
punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod,
temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne not exceedIng S00
pesos, In addItIon to bIs IIabIIIty Ior tbe pbysIcaI InjurIes or
damage caused.

SectIon Two. - AntIcIpatIon, proIongatIon
and abandonment oI tbe dutIes and powers oI pubIIc oIIIce.

Art. 236. An11o1po11on o] du11es o] o pub11o o]]1oe. - Any person
wbo sbaII assume tbe perIormance oI tbe dutIes and powers oI
any pubIIc oIIIcer or empIoyment wItbout IIrst beIng sworn In or
bavIng gIven tbe bond requIred by Iaw, sbaII be suspended Irom
sucb oIIIce or empIoyment untII be sbaII bave compIIed wItb tbe
respectIve IormaIItIes and sbaII be IIned Irom 200 to S00 pesos.
Art. 23?. Pro1ong1ng per]ormonoe o] du11es ond pouers. - Any
pubIIc oIIIcer sbaII contInue to exercIse tbe dutIes and powers oI
bIs oIIIce, empIoyment or commIssIon, beyond tbe perIod
provIded by Iaw, reguIatIon or specIaI provIsIons appIIcabIe to tbe
case, sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum perIod, specIaI temporary dIsquaIIIIcatIon In Its
mInImum perIod and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos.
Art. 23S. Abondonmen1 o] o]]1oe or pos111on. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer
wbo, beIore tbe acceptance oI bIs resIgnatIon, sbaII abandon bIs
oIIIce to tbe detrIment oI tbe pubIIc servIce sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor.
II sucb oIIIce sbaII bave been abandoned In order to evade tbe
dIscbarge oI tbe dutIes oI preventIng, prosecutIng or punIsbIng
any oI tbe crIme IaIIIng wItbIn TItIe One, and Cbapter One oI TItIe
Tbree oI Book Two oI tbIs Code, tbe oIIender sbaII be punIsbed by
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods, and by
arresto mayor II tbe purpose oI sucb abandonment Is to evade tbe
duty oI preventIng, prosecutIng or punIsbIng any otber crIme.

SectIon Tbree. - UsurpatIon oI powers and unIawIuI
appoIntments

Art. 239. Usurpo11on o] 1eg1s1o11ve pouers. - Tbe penaItIes oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon and a IIne not exceedIng 1,000 pesos, sbaII be
Imposed upon any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII encroacb upon tbe
powers oI tbe IegIsIatIve brancb oI tbe Government, eItber by
makIng generaI ruIes or reguIatIons beyond tbe scope oI bIs
autborIty, or by attemptIng to repeaI a Iaw or suspendIng tbe
executIon tbereoI.
Art. 240. Usurpo11on o] eeou11ve ]uno11ons. - Any judge wbo
sbaII assume any power pertaInIng to tbe executIve autborItIes,
or sbaII obstruct tbe Iatter In tbe IawIuI exercIse oI tbeIr powers,
sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its medIum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod.
Art. 241. Usurpo11on o] ]ud1o1o1 ]uno11ons. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum perIod and sbaII be Imposed upon any oIIIcer oI tbe
executIve brancb oI tbe Government wbo sbaII assume judIcIaI
powers or sbaII obstruct tbe executIon oI any order or decIsIon
rendered by any judge wItbIn Its jurIsdIctIon.
Art. 242. D1sobeg1ng reques1 ]or d1squo11]1oo11on. - Any pubIIc
oIIIcer wbo, beIore tbe questIon oI jurIsdIctIon Is decIded, sbaII
contInue any proceedIng aIter bavIng been IawIuIIy requIred to
reIraIn Irom so doIng, sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor and a
IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos.
Art. 243. Orders or reques1s bg eeou11ve o]]1oers 1o ong ]ud1o1o1
ou1or11g. - Any executIve oIIIcer wbo sbaII address any order or
suggestIon to any judIcIaI autborIty wItb respect to any case or
busIness comIng wItbIn tbe excIusIve jurIsdIctIon oI tbe courts oI
justIce sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne not
exceedIng S00 pesos.
Art. 244. Un1ou]u1 oppo1n1men1s. - Any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII
knowIngIy nomInate or appoInt to any pubIIc oIIIce any person
IackIng tbe IegaI quaIIIIcatIons tbereIor, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty
oI arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng 1,000 pesos.

SectIon Four. - Abuses agaInst cbastIty

Art. 24S. Abuses ogo1ns1 oos111g; Peno111es. - Tbe penaItIes oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods and
temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon sbaII be Imposed:
1. Upon any pubIIc oIIIcer wbo sbaII soIIcIt or make ImmoraI
or Indecent advances to a woman Interested In matters
pendIng beIore sucb oIIIcer Ior decIsIon, or wItb respect to
wbIcb be Is requIred to submIt a report to or consuIt wItb a
superIor oIIIcer;
2. Any warden or otber pubIIc oIIIcer dIrectIy cbarged wItb
tbe care and custody oI prIsoners or persons under arrest
wbo sbaII soIIcIt or make ImmoraI or Indecent advances to a
woman under bIs custody.
II tbe person soIIcIted be tbe wIIe, daugbter, sIster oI reIatIve
wItbIn tbe same degree by aIIInIty oI any person In tbe custody oI
sucb warden or oIIIcer, tbe penaItIes sbaII be prIsIon correccIonaI
In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and temporary specIaI
dIsquaIIIIcatIon.

TItIe EIgbt

CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS

Cbapter One
DESTRUCTION OF LIFE

SectIon One. - ParrIcIde, murder, bomIcIde

Art. 246. Porr1o1de. - Any person wbo sbaII kIII bIs Iatber,
motber, or cbIId, wbetber IegItImate or IIIegItImate, or any oI bIs
ascendants, or descendants, or bIs spouse, sbaII be guIIty oI
parrIcIde and sbaII be punIsbed by tbe penaIty oI recIusIon
perpetua to deatb.
Art. 24?. Deo1 or pgs1oo1 1n]ur1es 1n]11o1ed under eoep11ono1
o1roums1onoes. - Any IegaIIy marrIed person wbo bavIng
surprIsed bIs spouse In tbe act oI commIttIng sexuaI Intercourse
wItb anotber person, sbaII kIII any oI tbem or botb oI tbem In tbe
act or ImmedIateIy tbereaIter, or sbaII InIIIct upon tbem any
serIous pbysIcaI Injury, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI destIerro.
II be sbaII InIIIct upon tbem pbysIcaI InjurIes oI any otber kInd,
be sbaII be exempt Irom punIsbment.
Tbese ruIes sbaII be appIIcabIe, under tbe same cIrcumstances, to
parents wItb respect to tbeIr daugbters under eIgbteen years oI
age, and tbeIr seducer, wbIIe tbe daugbters are IIvIng wItb tbeIr
parents.
Any person wbo sbaII promote or IacIIItate tbe prostItutIon oI bIs
wIIe or daugbter, or sbaII otberwIse bave consented to tbe
InIIdeIIty oI tbe otber spouse sbaII not be entItIed to tbe beneIIts
oI tbIs artIcIe.
Art. 24S. Murder. - Any person wbo, not IaIIIng wItbIn tbe
provIsIons oI ArtIcIe 246 sbaII kIII anotber, sbaII be guIIty oI
murder and sbaII be punIsbed by recIusIon temporaI In Its
maxImum perIod to deatb, II commItted wItb any oI tbe IoIIowIng
attendant cIrcumstances:
1. WItb treacbery, takIng advantage oI superIor strengtb,
wItb tbe aId oI armed men, or empIoyIng means to weaken
tbe deIense or oI means or persons to Insure or aIIord
ImpunIty.
2. In consIderatIon oI a prIce, reward, or promIse.
3. By means oI InundatIon, IIre, poIson, expIosIon,
sbIpwreck, strandIng oI a vesseI, deraIIment or assauIt upon
a street car or IocomotIve, IaII oI an aIrsbIp, by means oI
motor vebIcIes, or wItb tbe use oI any otber means InvoIvIng
great waste and ruIn.
4. On occasIon oI any oI tbe caIamItIes enumerated In tbe
precedIng paragrapb, or oI an eartbquake, eruptIon oI a
voIcano, destructIve cycIone, epIdemIc or otber pubIIc
caIamIty.
S. WItb evIdent premedItatIon.
6. WItb crueIty, by deIIberateIy and InbumanIy augmentIng
tbe suIIerIng oI tbe vIctIm, or outragIng or scoIIIng at bIs
person or corpse.
Art. 249. Hom1o1de. - Any person wbo, not IaIIIng wItbIn tbe
provIsIons oI ArtIcIe 246, sbaII kIII anotber wItbout tbe
attendance oI any oI tbe cIrcumstances enumerated In tbe next
precedIng artIcIe, sbaII be deemed guIIty oI bomIcIde and be
punIsbed by recIusIon temporaI.
Art. 2S0. Peno11g ]or ]rus1ro1ed porr1o1de, murder or
om1o1de. - Tbe courts, In vIew oI tbe Iacts oI tbe case, may
Impose upon tbe person guIIty oI tbe Irustrated crIme oI
parrIcIde, murder or bomIcIde, deIIned and penaIIzed In tbe
precedIng artIcIes, a penaIty Iower by one degree tban tbat wbIcb
sbouId be Imposed under tbe provIsIon oI ArtIcIe S0.
Tbe courts, consIderIng tbe Iacts oI tbe case, may IIkewIse reduce
by one degree tbe penaIty wbIcb under ArtIcIe S1 sbouId be
Imposed Ior an attempt to commIt any oI sucb crImes.
Art. 2S1. Deo1 ooused 1n o 1umu11uous o]]rog. - Wben, wbIIe
severaI persons, not composIng groups organIzed Ior tbe common
purpose oI assauItIng and attackIng eacb otber recIprocaIIy,
quarreI and assauIt eacb otber In a conIused and tumuItuous
manner, and In tbe course oI tbe aIIray someone Is kIIIed, and It
cannot be ascertaIned wbo actuaIIy kIIIed tbe deceased, but tbe
person or persons wbo InIIIcted serIous pbysIcaI InjurIes can be
IdentIIIed, sucb person or persons sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon
mayor.
II It cannot be determIned wbo InIIIcted tbe serIous pbysIcaI
InjurIes on tbe deceased, tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
medIum and maxImum perIods sbaII be Imposed upon aII tbose
wbo sbaII bave used vIoIence upon tbe person oI tbe vIctIm.
Art. 2S2. Pgs1oo1 1n]ur1es 1n]11o1ed 1n o 1umu11uous o]]rog. -
Wben In a tumuItuous aIIray as reIerred to In tbe precedIng
artIcIe, onIy serIous pbysIcaI InjurIes are InIIIcted upon tbe
partIcIpants tbereoI and tbe person responsIbIe tbereoI cannot be
IdentIIIed, aII tbose wbo appear to bave used vIoIence upon tbe
person oI tbe oIIended party sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty next Iower In
degree tban tbat provIded Ior tbe pbysIcaI InjurIes so InIIIcted.
Wben tbe pbysIcaI InjurIes InIIIcted are oI a Iess serIous nature
and tbe person responsIbIe tbereIor cannot be IdentIIIed, aII tbose
wbo appear to bave used any vIoIence upon tbe person oI tbe
oIIended party sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor Irom IIve to
IIIteen days.
Art. 2S3. G1v1ng oss1s1onoe 1o su1o1de. - Any person wbo sbaII
assIst anotber to commIt suIcIde sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon mayor; II sucb person Ieads bIs assIstance to anotber to
tbe extent oI doIng tbe kIIIIng bImseII, be sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty
oI recIusIon temporaI. However, II tbe suIcIde Is not
consummated, tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 2S4. D1soorge o] ]1reorms. - Any person wbo sbaII sboot at
anotber wItb any IIrearm sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods, unIess tbe
Iacts oI tbe case are sucb tbat tbe act can be beId to constItute
Irustrated or attempted parrIcIde, murder, bomIcIde or any otber
crIme Ior wbIcb a bIgber penaIty Is prescrIbed by any oI tbe
artIcIes oI tbIs Code.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary

SectIon Two. - InIantIcIde and abortIon.

Art. 2SS. 1n]on11o1de. - Tbe penaIty provIded Ior parrIcIde In
ArtIcIe 246 and Ior murder In ArtIcIe 24S sbaII be Imposed upon
any person wbo sbaII kIII any cbIId Iess tban tbree days oI age.
II tbe crIme penaIIzed In tbIs artIcIe be commItted by tbe motber
oI tbe cbIId Ior tbe purpose oI conceaIIng ber dIsbonor, sbe sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, and II saId crIme be commItted Ior tbe same
purpose by tbe maternaI grandparents or eItber oI tbem, tbe
penaIty sbaII be prIsIon mayor.
Art. 2S6. 1n1en11ono1 obor11on. - Any person wbo sbaII
IntentIonaIIy cause an abortIon sbaII suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI, II be sbaII use any
vIoIence upon tbe person oI tbe pregnant woman.
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor II, wItbout usIng vIoIence,
be sbaII act wItbout tbe consent oI tbe woman.
3. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II tbe woman sbaII bave consented.
Art. 2S?. Un1n1en11ono1 obor11on. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIod sbaII be Imposed
upon any person wbo sbaII cause an abortIon by vIoIence, but
unIntentIonaIIy.
Art. 2SS. Abor11on proo11oed bg 1e uomon erse1] o] bg er
poren1s. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods sbaII be Imposed upon a woman wbo sbaII
practIce abortIon upon berseII or sbaII consent tbat any otber
person sbouId do so.
Any woman wbo sbaII commIt tbIs oIIense to conceaI ber
dIsbonor, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum and medIum perIods.
II tbIs crIme be commItted by tbe parents oI tbe pregnant woman
or eItber oI tbem, and tbey act wItb tbe consent oI saId woman
Ior tbe purpose oI conceaIIng ber dIsbonor, tbe oIIenders sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods.
Art. 2S9. Abor11on proo11oed bg o pgs1o1on or m1du1]e ond
d1spens1ng o] obor11ves. - Tbe penaItIes provIded In ArtIcIe 2S6
sbaII be Imposed In Its maxImum perIod, respectIveIy, upon any
pbysIcIan or mIdwIIe wbo, takIng advantage oI tbeIr scIentIIIc
knowIedge or skIII, sbaII cause an abortIon or assIst In causIng tbe
same.
Any pbarmacIst wbo, wItbout tbe proper prescrIptIon Irom a
pbysIcIan, sbaII dIspense any abortIve sbaII suIIer arresto mayor
and a IIne not exceedIng 1,000 pesos.

SectIon Tbree. - DueI

Art. 260. Respons1b1111g o] por11o1pon1s 1n o due1. - Tbe penaIty
oI recIusIon temporaI sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
kIII bIs adversary In a dueI.
II be sbaII InIIIct upon tbe Iatter pbysIcaI InjurIes onIy, be sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty provIded tbereIor, accordIng to tbeIr nature.
In any otber case, tbe combatants sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor, aItbougb no pbysIcaI InjurIes bave been InIIIcted.
Tbe seconds sbaII In aII events be punIsbed as accompIIces.
Art. 261. Co11eng1ng 1o o due1. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon any
person wbo sbaII cbaIIenge anotber, or IncIte anotber to gIve or
accept a cbaIIenge to a dueI, or sbaII scoII at or decry anotber
pubIIcIy Ior bavIng reIused to accept a cbaIIenge to IIgbt a dueI.

Cbapter Two
PHYSICAL INJURIES

Art. 262. Mu111o11on. - Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI to
recIusIon perpetua sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
IntentIonaIIy mutIIate anotber by deprIvIng bIm, eItber totaIIy or
partIaIIy, or some essentIaI organ oI reproductIon.
Any otber IntentIonaI mutIIatIon sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon
mayor In Its medIum and maxImum perIods.
Art. 263. Ser1ous pgs1oo1 1n]ur1es. - Any person wbo sbaII
wound, beat, or assauIt anotber, sbaII be guIIty oI tbe crIme oI
serIous pbysIcaI InjurIes and sbaII suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor, II In consequence oI tbe
pbysIcaI InjurIes InIIIcted, tbe Injured person sbaII become
Insane, ImbecIIe, Impotent, or bIInd;
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II In consequence oI tbe pbysIcaI InjurIes
InIIIcted, tbe person Injured sbaII bave Iost tbe use oI speecb
or tbe power to bear or to smeII, or sbaII bave Iost an eye, a
band, a Ioot, an arm, or a Ieg or sbaII bave Iost tbe use oI
any sucb member, or sbaII bave become IncapacItated Ior
tbe work In wbIcb be was tbereIor babItuaIIy engaged;
3. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIods, II In consequence oI tbe pbysIcaI InjurIes
InIIIcted, tbe person Injured sbaII bave become deIormed, or
sbaII bave Iost any otber part oI bIs body, or sbaII bave Iost
tbe use tbereoI, or sbaII bave been III or IncapacItated Ior
tbe perIormance oI tbe work In wbIcb be as babItuaIIy
engaged Ior a perIod oI more tban nInety days;
4. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, II tbe pbysIcaI
InjurIes InIIIcted sbaII bave caused tbe IIIness or IncapacIty
Ior Iabor oI tbe Injured person Ior more tban tbIrty days.
II tbe oIIense sbaII bave been commItted agaInst any oI tbe
persons enumerated In ArtIcIe 246, or wItb attendance oI any oI
tbe cIrcumstances mentIoned In ArtIcIe 24S, tbe case covered by
subdIvIsIon number 1 oI tbIs ArtIcIe sbaII be punIsbed by
recIusIon temporaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods; tbe case
covered by subdIvIsIon number 2 by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
maxImum perIod to prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod; tbe
case covered by subdIvIsIon number 3 by prIsIon correccIonaI In
Its medIum and maxImum perIods; and tbe case covered by
subdIvIsIon number 4 by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIods.
Tbe provIsIons oI tbe precedIng paragrapb sbaII not be appIIcabIe
to a parent wbo sbaII InIIIct pbysIcaI InjurIes upon bIs cbIId by
excessIve cbastIsement.
Art. 264. Adm1n1s1er1ng 1n]ur1ous subs1onoes or beveroges. -
Tbe penaItIes estabIIsbed by tbe next precedIng artIcIe sbaII be
appIIcabIe In tbe respectIve case to any person wbo, wItbout
Intent to kIII, sbaII InIIIct upon anotber any serIous, pbysIcaI
Injury, by knowIngIy admInIsterIng to bIm any InjurIous
substance or beverages or by takIng advantage oI bIs weakness oI
mInd or creduIIty.
Art. 26S. Less ser1ous pgs1oo1 1n]ur1es. - Any person wbo sbaII
InIIIct upon anotber pbysIcaI InjurIes not descrIbed In tbe
precedIng artIcIes, but wbIcb sbaII IncapacItate tbe oIIended
party Ior Iabor Ior ten days or more, or sbaII requIre medIcaI
assIstance Ior tbe same perIod, sbaII be guIIty oI Iess serIous
pbysIcaI InjurIes and sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor.
Wbenever Iess serIous pbysIcaI InjurIes sbaII bave been InIIIcted
wItb tbe manIIest Intent to kIII or oIIend tbe Injured person, or
under cIrcumstances addIng IgnomIny to tbe oIIense In addItIon
to tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor, a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos
sbaII be Imposed.
Any Iess serIous pbysIcaI InjurIes InIIIcted upon tbe oIIender's
parents, ascendants, guardIans, curators, teacbers, or persons oI
rank, or persons In autborIty, sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods, provIded tbat,
In tbe case oI persons In autborIty, tbe deed does not constItute
tbe crIme oI assauIt upon sucb person.
Art. 266. S11g1 pgs1oo1 1n]ur1es ond mo11reo1men1. - Tbe
crIme oI sIIgbt pbysIcaI InjurIes sbaII be punIsbed:
1. By arresto menor wben tbe oIIender bas InIIIcted pbysIcaI
InjurIes wbIcb sbaII IncapacItate tbe oIIended party Ior Iabor
Irom one to nIne days, or sbaII requIre medIcaI attendance
durIng tbe same perIod.
2. By arresto menor or a IIne not exceedIng 20 pesos and
censure wben tbe oIIender bas caused pbysIcaI InjurIes
wbIcb do not prevent tbe oIIended party Irom engagIng In
bIs babItuaI work nor requIre medIcaI assIstance.
3. By arresto menor In Its mInImum perIod or a IIne not
exceedIng S0 pesos wben tbe oIIender sbaII III-treat anotber
by deed wItbout causIng any Injury.
TItIe NIne

CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY AND SECURITY

Cbapter One
CRIMES AGAINST LIBERTY

Art. 26?. R1dnopp1ng ond ser1ous 111ego1 de1en11on. - Any
prIvate IndIvIduaI wbo sbaII kIdnap or detaIn anotber, or In any
otber manner deprIve bIm oI bIs IIberty, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty
oI recIusIon perpetua to deatb:
1. II tbe kIdnappIng or detentIon sbaII bave Iasted more tban
IIve days.
2. II It sbaII bave been commItted sImuIatIng pubIIc
autborIty.
3. II any serIous pbysIcaI InjurIes sbaII bave been InIIIcted
upon tbe person kIdnapped or detaIned; or II tbreats to kIII
bIm sbaII bave been made.
4. II tbe person kIdnapped or detaIned sbaII be a mInor,
IemaIe or a pubIIc oIIIcer.
Tbe penaIty sbaII be deatb wbere tbe kIdnappIng or detentIon was
commItted Ior tbe purpose oI extortIng ransom Irom tbe vIctIm
or any otber person, even II none oI tbe cIrcumstances above-
mentIoned were present In tbe commIssIon oI tbe oIIense.
Art. 26S. S11g1 111ego1 de1en11on. - Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon
temporaI sbaII be Imposed upon any prIvate IndIvIduaI wbo sbaII
commIt tbe crImes descrIbed In tbe next precedIng artIcIe
wItbout tbe attendance oI any oI cIrcumstances enumerated
tbereIn.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Incurred by anyone wbo sbaII IurnIsb
tbe pIace Ior tbe perpetratIon oI tbe crIme.
II tbe oIIender sbaII voIuntarIIy reIease tbe person so kIdnapped
or detaIned wItbIn tbree days Irom tbe commencement oI tbe
detentIon, wItbout bavIng attaIned tbe purpose Intended, and
beIore tbe InstItutIon oI crImInaI proceedIngs agaInst bIm, tbe
penaIty sbaII be prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods and a IIne not exceedIng seven bundred pesos.
Art. 269. Un1ou]u1 orres1. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a
IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo, In any case otber tban tbose autborIzed by Iaw, or wItbout
reasonabIe ground tbereIor, sbaII arrest or detaIn anotber Ior tbe
purpose oI deIIverIng bIm to tbe proper autborItIes.

SectIon Two. - KIdnappIng oI mInors

Art. 2?0. R1dnopp1ng ond ]o11ure 1o re1urn o m1nor. - Tbe
penaIty oI recIusIon perpetua sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo, beIng entrusted wItb tbe custody oI a mInor person, sbaII
deIIberateIy IaII to restore tbe Iatter to bIs parents or guardIans.
Art. 2?1. 1nduo1ng o m1nor 1o obondon 1s ome. - Tbe penaIty
oI prIsIon correccIonaI and a IIne not exceedIng seven bundred
pesos sbaII be Imposed upon anyone wbo sbaII Induce a mInor to
abandon tbe bome oI bIs parent or guardIans or tbe persons
entrusted wItb bIs custody.
II tbe person commIttIng any oI tbe crImes covered by tbe two
precedIng artIcIes sbaII be tbe Iatber or tbe motber oI tbe mInor,
tbe penaIty sbaII be arresto mayor or a IIne not exceedIng tbree
bundred pesos, or botb.
Art. 2?2. S1overg. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor and a IIne oI
not exceedIng 10,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon anyone wbo
sbaII purcbase, seII, kIdnap or detaIn a buman beIng Ior tbe
purpose oI ensIavIng bIm.
II tbe crIme be commItted Ior tbe purpose oI assIgnIng tbe
oIIended party to some ImmoraI traIIIc, tbe penaIty sbaII be
Imposed In Its maxImum perIod.
Art. 2?3. p1o11o11on o] o11d 1obor. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and a IIne not
exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon anyone wbo, under
tbe pretext oI reImbursIng bImseII oI a debt Incurred by an
ascendant, guardIan or person entrusted wItb tbe custody oI a
mInor, sbaII, agaInst tbe Iatter's wIII, retaIn bIm In bIs servIce.
Art. 2?4. Serv1oes rendered under oompu1s1on 1n pogmen1 o]
deb1. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon
any person wbo, In order to requIre or enIorce tbe payment oI a
debt, sbaII compeI tbe debtor to work Ior bIm, agaInst bIs wIII, as
bouseboId servant or Iarm Iaborer.

Cbapter Two
CRIMES AGAINST SECURITY

SectIon One. - Abandonment oI beIpIess persons
and expIoItatIon oI mInors.
Art. 2?S. Abondonmen1 o] person 1n donger ond obondonmen1 o]
ones oun v1o11m. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor sbaII be
Imposed upon:
1. Any one wbo sbaII IaII to render assIstance to any person
wbom be sbaII IInd In an unInbabIted pIace wounded or In
danger oI dyIng, wben be can render sucb assIstance wItbout
detrIment to bImseII, unIess sucb omIssIon sbaII constItute
a more serIous oIIense.
2. Anyone wbo sbaII IaII to beIp or render assIstance to
anotber wbom be bas accIdentaIIy wounded or Injured.
3. Anyone wbo, bavIng Iound an abandoned cbIId under
seven years oI age, sbaII IaII to deIIver saId cbIId to tbe
autborItIes or to bIs IamIIy, or sbaII IaII to take bIm to a saIe
pIace.
Art. 2?6. Abondon1ng o m1nor. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor
and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any
one wbo sbaII abandon a cbIId under seven years oI age, tbe
custody oI wbIcb Is Incumbent upon bIm.
Wben tbe deatb oI tbe mInor sbaII resuIt Irom sucb abandonment,
tbe cuIprIt sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
medIum and maxImum perIods; but II tbe IIIe oI tbe mInor sbaII
bave been In danger onIy, tbe penaIty sbaII be prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods.
Tbe provIsIons contaIned In tbe two precedIng paragrapbs sbaII
not prevent tbe ImposItIon oI tbe penaIty provIded Ior tbe act
commItted, wben tbe same sbaII constItute a more serIous
oIIense.
Art. 2??. Abondonmen1 o] m1nor bg person en1rus1ed u11 1s
ous1odg; 1nd1]]erenoe o] poren1s. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor
and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon anyone
wbo, bavIng cbarge oI tbe rearIng or educatIon oI a mInor, sbaII
deIIver saId mInor to a pubIIc InstItutIon or otber persons,
wItbout tbe consent oI tbe one wbo entrusted sucb cbIId to bIs
care or In tbe absence oI tbe Iatter, wItbout tbe consent oI tbe
proper autborItIes.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon tbe parents wbo sbaII
negIect tbeIr cbIIdren by not gIvIng tbem tbe educatIon wbIcb
tbeIr statIon In IIIe requIre and IInancIaI condItIons permIt.
Art. 2?S. p1o11o11on o] m1nors. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and a IIne not
exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo sbaII cause any boy or gIrI under sIxteen
years oI age to perIorm any dangerous Ieat oI baIancIng,
pbysIcaI strengtb, or contortIon.
2. Any person wbo, beIng an acrobat, gymnast, rope-waIker,
dIver, wIId-anImaI tamer or cIrcus manager or engaged In a
sImIIar caIIIng, sbaII empIoy In exbIbItIons oI tbese kInds
cbIIdren under sIxteen years oI age wbo are not bIs cbIIdren
or descendants.
3. Any person engaged In any oI tbe caIIIngs enumerated In
tbe next paragrapb precedIng wbo sbaII empIoy any
descendant oI bIs under tweIve years oI age In sucb
dangerous exbIbItIons.
4. Any ascendant, guardIan, teacber or person entrusted In
any capacIty wItb tbe care oI a cbIId under sIxteen years oI
age, wbo sbaII deIIver sucb cbIId gratuItousIy to any person
IoIIowIng any oI tbe caIIIngs enumerated In paragrapb 2
bereoI, or to any babItuaI vagrant or beggar.

II tbe deIIvery sbaII bave been made In consIderatIon oI any
prIce, compensatIon, or promIse, tbe penaIty sbaII In every
case be Imposed In Its maxImum perIod.
In eItber case, tbe guardIan or curator convIcted sbaII aIso
be removed Irom oIIIce as guardIan or curator; and In tbe
case oI tbe parents oI tbe cbIId, tbey may be deprIved,
temporarIIy or perpetuaIIy, In tbe dIscretIon oI tbe court, oI
tbeIr parentaI autborIty.
S. Any person wbo sbaII Induce any cbIId under sIxteen
years oI age to abandon tbe bome oI Its ascendants,
guardIans, curators, or teacbers to IoIIow any person
engaged In any oI tbe caIIIngs mentIoned In paragrapb 2
bereoI, or to accompany any babItuaI vagrant or beggar.
Art. 2?9. Add111ono1 peno111es ]or o1er o]]enses. - Tbe
ImposItIon oI tbe penaItIes prescrIbed In tbe precedIng artIcIes,
sbaII not prevent tbe ImposItIon upon tbe same person oI tbe
penaIty provIded Ior any otber IeIonIes deIIned and punIsbed by
tbIs Code.

SectIon Two. - Trespass to dweIIIng

Art. 2S0. Quo11]1ed 1resposs 1o due111ng. - Any prIvate person
wbo sbaII enter tbe dweIIIng oI anotber agaInst tbe Iatter's wIII
sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng
1,000 pesos.
II tbe oIIense be commItted by means oI vIoIence or IntImIdatIon,
tbe penaIty sbaII be prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods and a IIne not exceedIng 1,000 pesos.
Tbe provIsIons oI tbIs artIcIe sbaII not be appIIcabIe to any person
wbo sbaII enter anotber's dweIIIng Ior tbe purpose oI preventIng
some serIous barm to bImseII, tbe occupants oI tbe dweIIIng or a
tbIrd person, nor sbaII It be appIIcabIe to any person wbo sbaII
enter a dweIIIng Ior tbe purpose oI renderIng some servIce to
bumanIty or justIce, nor to anyone wbo sbaII enter caIes, taverns,
Inn and otber pubIIc bouses, wbIIe tbe same are open.
Art. 2S1. O1er ]orms o] 1resposs. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
menor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos, or botb, sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII enter tbe cIosed premIses or
tbe Ienced estate oI anotber, wbIIe eItber or tbem are
unInbabIted, II tbe probIbItIon to enter be manIIest and tbe
trespasser bas not secured tbe permIssIon oI tbe owner or tbe
caretaker tbereoI.

SectIon Tbree. - Tbreats and coercIon

Art. 2S2. Grove 1reo1s. - Any person wbo sbaII tbreaten anotber
wItb tbe InIIIctIon upon tbe person, bonor or property oI tbe
Iatter or oI bIs IamIIy oI any wrong amountIng to a crIme, sbaII
suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty next Iower In degree tban tbat prescrIbed by
Iaw Ior tbe crIme be tbreatened to commIt, II tbe oIIender
sbaII bave made tbe tbreat demandIng money or ImposIng
any otber condItIon, even tbougb not unIawIuI, and saId
oIIender sbaII bave attaIned bIs purpose. II tbe oIIender sbaII
not bave attaIned bIs purpose, tbe penaIty Iower by two
degrees sbaII be Imposed.
II tbe tbreat be made In wrItIng or tbrougb a mIddIeman, tbe
penaIty sbaII be Imposed In Its maxImum perIod.
2. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng S00
pesos, II tbe tbreat sbaII not bave been made subject to a
condItIon.
Art. 2S3. L1g1 1reo1s. - Any tbreat to commIt a wrong not
constItutIng a crIme, made In tbe manner expressed In
subdIvIsIon 1 oI tbe next precedIng artIcIe, sbaII be punIsbed by
arresto mayor.
Art. 2S4. Bond ]or good beov1or. - In aII cases IaIIIng wItbIn tbe
two next precedIng artIcIes, tbe person makIng tbe tbreats may
aIso be requIred to gIve baII not to moIest tbe person tbreatened,
or II be sbaII IaII to gIve sucb baII, be sbaII be sentenced to
destIerro.
Art. 2SS. O1er 11g1 1reo1s. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto menor In
Its mInImum perIod or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos sbaII be
Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo, wItbout beIng IncIuded In tbe provIsIons
oI tbe next precedIng artIcIe, sbaII tbreaten anotber wItb a
weapon or draw sucb weapon In a quarreI, unIess It be In
IawIuI seII-deIense.
2. Any person wbo, In tbe beat oI anger, sbaII oraIIy tbreaten
anotber wItb some barm not constItutIng a crIme, and wbo
by subsequent acts sbow tbat be dId not persIst In tbe Idea
InvoIved In bIs tbreat, provIded tbat tbe cIrcumstances oI
tbe oIIense sbaII not brIng It wItbIn tbe provIsIons oI ArtIcIe
2S2 oI tbIs Code.
3. Any person wbo sbaII oraIIy tbreaten to do anotber any
barm not constItutIng a IeIony.
Art. 2S6. Grove ooero1ons. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a
IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo, wItbout autborIty oI Iaw, sbaII, by means oI vIoIence,
prevent anotber Irom doIng sometbIng not probIbIted by Iaw, or
compeI bIm to do sometbIng agaInst bIs wIII, wbetber It be rIgbt
or wrong.
II tbe coercIon be commItted Ior tbe purpose oI compeIIIng
anotber to perIorm any reIIgIous act or to prevent bIm Irom so
doIng, tbe penaIty next bIgber In degree sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 2S?. L1g1 ooero1ons. - Any person wbo, by means oI
vIoIence, sbaII seIze anytbIng beIongIng to bIs debtor Ior tbe
purpose oI appIyIng tbe same to tbe payment oI tbe debt, sbaII
suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its mInImum perIod and a
IIne equIvaIent to tbe vaIue oI tbe tbIng, but In no case Iess tban
?S pesos.
Any otber coercIons or unjust vexatIons sbaII be punIsbed by
arresto menor or a IIne rangIng Irom S pesos to 200 pesos, or
botb.
Art. 2SS. O1er s1m11or ooero1ons; (Compu1sorg puroose o]
meroond1se ond pogmen1 o] uoges bg meons o] 1oKens.) - Tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to S00 pesos,
or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon any person, agent or oIIIcer, oI
any assocIatIon or corporatIon wbo sbaII Iorce or compeI, dIrectIy
or IndIrectIy, or sbaII knowIngIy permIt any Iaborer or empIoyee
empIoyed by bIm or by sucb IIrm or corporatIon to be Iorced or
compeIIed, to purcbase mercbandIse or commodItIes oI any kInd.
Tbe same penaItIes sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
pay tbe wages due a Iaborer or empIoyee empIoyed by bIm, by
means oI tokens or objects otber tban tbe IegaI tender currency
oI tbe Iaborer or empIoyee.
Art. 2S9. Formo11on, mo1n1enonoe ond pro1b111on o]
oomb1no11on o] oop11o1 or 1obor 1roug v1o1enoe or 1reo1s. -
Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng 300 pesos
sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo, Ior tbe purpose oI
organIzIng, maIntaInIng or preventIng coaIItIons or capItaI or
Iabor, strIke oI Iaborers or Iock-out oI empIoyees, sbaII empIoy
vIoIence or tbreats In sucb a degree as to compeI or Iorce tbe
Iaborers or empIoyers In tbe Iree and IegaI exercIse oI tbeIr
Industry or work, II tbe act sbaII not constItute a more serIous
oIIense In accordance wItb tbe provIsIons oI tbIs Code.

Cbapter Tbree
DISCOVERY AND REVELATION OF SECRETS

Art. 290. D1soover1ng seore1s 1roug se1zure o]
oorrespondenoe. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum and medIum perIods and a IIne not exceedIng S00
pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any prIvate IndIvIduaI wbo In order
to dIscover tbe secrets oI anotber, sbaII seIze bIs papers or Ietters
and reveaI tbe contents tbereoI.
II tbe oIIender sbaII not reveaI sucb secrets, tbe penaIty sbaII be
arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos.
Tbe provIsIon sbaII not be appIIcabIe to parents, guardIans, or
persons entrusted wItb tbe custody oI mInors wItb respect to tbe
papers or Ietters oI tbe cbIIdren or mInors pIaced under tbeIr care
or study, nor to spouses wItb respect to tbe papers or Ietters oI
eItber oI tbem.
Art. 291. Reveo11ng seore1s u11 obuse o] o]]1oe. - Tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be
Imposed upon any manager, empIoyee, or servant wbo, In sucb
capacIty, sbaII Iearn tbe secrets oI bIs prIncIpaI or master and
sbaII reveaI sucb secrets.
Art. 292. Reve1o11on o] 1ndus1r1o1 seore1s. - Tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods and a
IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon tbe person In
cbarge, empIoyee or workman oI any manuIacturIng or IndustrIaI
estabIIsbment wbo, to tbe prejudIce oI tbe owner tbereoI, sbaII
reveaI tbe secrets oI tbe Industry oI tbe Iatter.

TItIe Ten

CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

Cbapter One
ROBBERY IN GENERAL

Art. 293. Wo ore gu111g o] robberg. - Any person wbo, wItb
Intent to gaIn, sbaII take any personaI property beIongIng to
anotber, by means oI vIoIence or IntImIdatIon oI any person, or
usIng Iorce upon anytbIng sbaII be guIIty oI robbery.

SectIon One. - Robbery wItb vIoIence or IntImIdatIon oI persons.

Art. 29S. Robberg u11 v1o1enoe ogo1ns1 or 1n11m1do11on o]
persons; Peno111es. - Any person guIIty oI robbery wItb tbe use oI
vIoIence agaInst or IntImIdatIon oI any person sbaII suIIer:
1. Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon perpetua to deatb, wben by
reason or on occasIon oI tbe robbery, tbe crIme oI bomIcIde
sbaII bave been commItted.
2. Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI In Its medIum perIod to
recIusIon perpetua wben tbe robbery sbaII bave been
accompanIed by rape or IntentIonaI mutIIatIon, or II by
reason or on occasIon oI sucb robbery, any oI tbe pbysIcaI
InjurIes penaIIzed In subdIvIsIon 1 oI ArtIcIe 263 sbaII bave
been InIIIcted; ProvIded, bowever, tbat wben tbe robbery
accompanIed wItb rape Is commItted wItb a use oI a deadIy
weapon or by two or more persons, tbe penaIty sbaII be
recIusIon perpetua to deatb(As amended by PD No. ?6?).
3. Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI, wben by reason or on
occasIon oI tbe robbery, any oI tbe pbysIcaI InjurIes
penaIIzed In subdIvIsIon 2 oI tbe artIcIe mentIoned In tbe
next precedIng paragrapb, sbaII bave been InIIIcted.
4. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
recIusIon temporaI In Its medIum perIod, II tbe vIoIence or
IntImIdatIon empIoyed In tbe commIssIon oI tbe robbery
sbaII bave been carrIed to a degree cIearIy unnecessary Ior
tbe commIssIon oI tbe crIme, or wben tbe course oI Its
executIon, tbe oIIender sbaII bave InIIIcted upon any person
not responsIbIe Ior Its commIssIon any oI tbe pbysIcaI
InjurIes covered by sub-dIvIsIons 3 and 4 oI saId ArtIcIe 23.
S. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod
to prIsIon mayor In Its medIum perIod In otber cases. (As
amended by R. A. 1S).
Art. 29S. Robberg u11 pgs1oo1 1n]ur1es, oomm111ed 1n on
un1nob11ed p1ooe ond bg o bond, or u11 1e use o] ]1reorm on o
s1ree1, rood or o11eg.- II tbe oIIenses mentIoned In subdIvIsIons
tbree, Iour, and IIve oI tbe next precedIng artIcIe sbaII bave been
commItted In an unInbabIted pIace or by a band, or by attackIng a
movIng traIn, street car, motor vebIcIe or aIrsbIp, or by enterIng
tbe passenger's compartments In a traIn or, In any manner,
takIng tbe passengers tbereoI by surprIse In tbe respectIve
conveyances, or on a street, road, bIgbway, or aIIey, and tbe
IntImIdatIon Is made wItb tbe use oI a IIrearm, tbe oIIender sbaII
be punIsbed by tbe maxImum perIod oI tbe proper penaItIes.
In tbe same cases, tbe penaIty next bIgber In degree sbaII be
Imposed upon tbe Ieader oI tbe band.
Art. 296. De]1n111on o] o bond ond peno11g 1nourred bg 1e
members 1ereo]. - Wben more tban tbree armed maIeIactors
take part In tbe commIssIon oI a robbery, It sbaII be deemed to
bave been commItted by a band. Wben any oI tbe arms used In
tbe commIssIon oI tbe oIIense be an unIIcensed IIrearm, tbe
penaIty to be Imposed upon aII tbe maIeIactors sbaII be tbe
maxImum oI tbe correspondIng penaIty provIded by Iaw, wItbout
prejudIce oI tbe crImInaI IIabIIIty Ior IIIegaI possessIon oI sucb
unIIcensed IIrearms.
Any member oI a band wbo Is present at tbe commIssIon oI a
robbery by tbe band, sbaII be punIsbed as prIncIpaI oI any oI tbe
assauIts commItted by tbe band, unIess It be sbown tbat be
attempted to prevent tbe same.
Art. 29?. A11emp1ed ond ]rus1ro1ed robberg oomm111ed under
oer1o1n o1roums1onoes. - Wben by reason or on occasIon oI an
attempted or Irustrated robbery a bomIcIde Is commItted, tbe
person guIIty oI sucb oIIenses sbaII be punIsbed by recIusIon
temporaI In Its maxImum perIod to recIusIon perpetua, unIess tbe
bomIcIde commItted sbaII deserve a bIgber penaIty under tbe
provIsIons oI tbIs Code.
Art. 29S. eou11on o] deeds bg meons o] v1o1enoe or
1n11m1do11on. - Any person wbo, wItb Intent to deIraud anotber,
by means oI vIoIence or IntImIdatIon, sbaII compeI bIm to sIgn,
execute or deIIver any pubIIc Instrument or documents, sbaII be
beId guIIty oI robbery and punIsbed by tbe penaItIes respectIveIy
prescrIbed In tbIs Cbapter.

SectIon Two. - Robbery by tbe use oI Iorce upon tbIngs

Art. 299. Robberg 1n on 1nob11ed ouse or pub11o bu11d1ng or
ed1]1oe devo1ed 1o uors1p. - Any armed person wbo sbaII
commIt robbery In an InbabIted bouse or pubIIc buIIdIng or
edIIIce devoted to reIIgIous worsbIp, sbaII be punIsbed by
recIusIon temporaI, II tbe vaIue oI tbe property taken sbaII exceed
2S0 pesos, and II:
(a) Tbe maIeIactors sbaII enter tbe bouse or buIIdIng In
wbIcb tbe robbery was commItted, by any oI tbe IoIIowIng
means:

1. Tbrougb a openIng not Intended Ior entrance or

egress.
2. By breakIng any waII, rooI, or IIoor or breakIng any
door or wIndow.
3. By usIng IaIse keys, pIckIocks or sImIIar tooIs.
4. By usIng any IIctItIous name or pretendIng tbe
exercIse oI pubIIc autborIty.
Or II -
(b) Tbe robbery be commItted under any oI tbe IoIIowIng
cIrcumstances:

1. By tbe breakIng oI doors, wardrobes, cbests, or any

otber kInd oI Iocked or seaIed IurnIture or receptacIe;
2. By takIng sucb IurnIture or objects to be broken or
Iorced open outsIde tbe pIace oI tbe robbery.
Wben tbe oIIenders do not carry arms, and tbe vaIue oI tbe
property taken exceeds 2S0 pesos, tbe penaIty next Iower In
degree sbaII be Imposed.
Tbe same ruIe sbaII be appIIed wben tbe oIIenders are armed, but
tbe vaIue oI tbe property taken does not exceed 2S0 pesos.
Wben saId oIIenders do not carry arms and tbe vaIue oI tbe
property taken does not exceed 2S0 pesos, tbey sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty prescrIbed In tbe two next precedIng paragrapbs, In Its
mInImum perIod.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
II tbe robbery be commItted In one oI tbe dependencIes oI an
InbabIted bouse, pubIIc buIIdIng, or buIIdIng dedIcated to
reIIgIous worsbIp, tbe penaItIes next Iower In degree tban tbose
prescrIbed In tbIs artIcIe sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 300. Robberg 1n on un1nob11ed p1ooe ond bg o bond. - Tbe
robbery mentIoned In tbe next precedIng artIcIe, II commItted In
an unInbabIted pIace and by a band, sbaII be punIsbed by tbe
maxImum perIod oI tbe penaIty provIded tbereIor.
Art. 301. Wo1 1s on 1nob11ed ouse, pub11o bu11d1ng or bu11d1ng
ded1oo1ed 1o re11g1ous uors1p ond 1e1r dependeno1es. -
InbabIted bouse means any sbeIter, sbIp or vesseI constItutIng
tbe dweIIIng oI one or more persons, even tbougb tbe InbabItants
tbereoI sbaII temporarIIy be absent tbereIrom wben tbe robbery Is
commItted.
AII InterIor courts, corraIs, waterbouses, granarIes, barns, coacb-
bouses, stabIes or otber departments or IncIosed pIaces
contIguous to tbe buIIdIng or edIIIce, bavIng an InterIor entrance
connected tberewItb, and wbIcb Iorm part oI tbe wboIe, sbaII be
deemed dependencIes oI an InbabIted bouse, pubIIc buIIdIng or
buIIdIng dedIcated to reIIgIous worsbIp.
Orcbards and otber Iands used Ior cuItIvatIon or productIon are
not IncIuded In tbe terms oI tbe next precedIng paragrapb, even II
cIosed, contIguous to tbe buIIdIng and bavIng dIrect connectIon
tberewItb.
Tbe term "pub11o bu11d1ng" IncIudes every buIIdIng owned by tbe
Government or beIongIng to a prIvate person not IncIuded used or
rented by tbe Government, aItbougb temporarIIy unoccupIed by
tbe same.
Art. 302. Robberg 1s on un1nob11ed p1ooe or 1n o pr1vo1e
bu11d1ng. - Any robbery commItted In an unInbabIted pIace or In
a buIIdIng otber tban tbose mentIoned In tbe IIrst paragrapb oI
ArtIcIe 299, II tbe vaIue oI tbe property taken exceeds 2S0 pesos,
sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI II any oI tbe IoIIowIng
cIrcumstances Is present:
1. II tbe entrance bas been eIIected tbrougb any openIng not
Intended Ior entrance or egress.
2. II any waII, rooI, IIour or outsIde door or wIndow bas been
broken.
3. II tbe entrance bas been eIIected tbrougb tbe use oI IaIse
keys, pIckIocks or otber sImIIar tooIs.
4. II any dorm, wardrobe, cbest or by seaIed or cIosed
IurnIture or receptacIe bas been broken.
S. II any cIosed or seaIed receptacIe, as mentIoned In tbe
precedIng paragrapb, bas been removed even II tbe same to
broken open eIsewbere.
Wben tbe vaIue oI tbe property takes does not exceed 2S0 pesos,
tbe penaIty next Iower In degree sbaII be Imposed.
In tbe cases specIIIed In ArtIcIes 294, 29S, 29?, 299, 300, and
302 oI tbIs Code, wben tbe property taken Is maII matter or Iarge
cattIe, tbe oIIender sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes next bIgber In
degree tban tbose provIded In saId artIcIes.
Art. 303. Robberg o] oereo1s, ]ru11s, or ]1reuood 1n on
un1nob11ed p1ooe or pr1vo1e bu11d1ng. - In tbe cases
enumerated In ArtIcIes 299 and 302, wben tbe robbery consIsts In
tbe takIng oI cereaIs, IruIts, or IIrewood, tbe cuIprIt sbaII suIIer
tbe penaIty next Iower In degree tban tbat prescrIbed In saId
artIcIes.
Art. 304. Possess1on o] p1oK1ooKs or s1m11or 1oo1s. - Any person
wbo sbaII wItbout IawIuI cause bave In bIs possessIon pIckIocks
or sImIIar tooIs especIaIIy adopted to tbe commIssIon oI tbe
crIme oI robbery, sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor In Its
maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
make sucb tooIs. II tbe oIIender be a IocksmItb, be sbaII suIIer
tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods.
Art. 30S. Fo1se Kegs. - Tbe term "]o1se Kegs" sbaII be deemed to
IncIude:
1. Tbe tooIs mentIoned In tbe next precedIng artIcIes.
2. GenuIne keys stoIen Irom tbe owner.
3. Any keys otber tban tbose Intended by tbe owner Ior use
In tbe Iock IorcIbIy opened by tbe oIIender.
Cbapter Two
BRIGANDAGE

Art. 306. Wo ore br1gonds; Peno11g. - Wben more tban tbree
armed persons Iorm a band oI robbers Ior tbe purpose oI
commIttIng robbery In tbe bIgbway, or kIdnappIng persons Ior tbe
purpose oI extortIon or to obtaIn ransom or Ior any otber purpose
to be attaIned by means oI Iorce and vIoIence, tbey sbaII be
deemed bIgbway robbers or brIgands.
Persons Iound guIIty oI tbIs oIIense sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon
mayor In Its medIum perIod to recIusIon temporaI In Its mInImum
perIod II tbe act or acts commItted by tbem are not punIsbabIe by
bIgber penaItIes, In wbIcb case, tbey sbaII suIIer sucb bIgb
penaItIes.
II any oI tbe arms carrIed by any oI saId persons be an unIIcensed
IIrearms, It sbaII be presumed tbat saId persons are bIgbway
robbers or brIgands, and In case oI convIctIons tbe penaIty sbaII
be Imposed In tbe maxImum perIod.
Art. 30?. A1d1ng ond obe111ng o bond o] br1gonds. - Any person
knowIngIy and In any manner aIdIng, abettIng or protectIng a
band oI brIgands as descrIbed In tbe next precedIng artIcIe, or
gIvIng tbem InIormatIon oI tbe movements oI tbe poIIce or otber
peace oIIIcers oI tbe Government (or oI tbe Iorces oI tbe UnIted
States Army), wben tbe Iatter are actIng In aId oI tbe
Government, or acquIrIng or receIvIng tbe property taken by sucb
brIgands sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum
perIod to prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod.
It sbaII be presumed tbat tbe person perIormIng any oI tbe acts
provIded In tbIs artIcIe bas perIormed tbem knowIngIy, unIess tbe
contrary Is proven.

Cbapter Tbree
THEFT

Art. 30S. Wo ore 11ob1e ]or 1e]1. - TbeIt Is commItted by any
person wbo, wItb Intent to gaIn but wItbout vIoIence agaInst or
IntImIdatIon oI persons nor Iorce upon tbIngs, sbaII take personaI
property oI anotber wItbout tbe Iatter's consent.
TbeIt Is IIkewIse commItted by:
1. Any person wbo, bavIng Iound Iost property, sbaII IaII to
deIIver tbe same to tbe IocaI autborItIes or to Its owner;
2. Any person wbo, aIter bavIng maIIcIousIy damaged tbe
property oI anotber, sbaII remove or make use oI tbe IruIts
or object oI tbe damage caused by bIm; and
3. Any person wbo sbaII enter an IncIosed estate or a IIeId
wbere trespass Is IorbIdden or wbIcb beIongs to anotber and
wItbout tbe consent oI Its owner, sbaII bunt or IIsb upon tbe
same or sbaII gatber cereaIs, or otber Iorest or Iarm
products.
Art. 309. Peno111es. - Any person guIIty oI tbeIt sbaII be
punIsbed by:
1. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods, II tbe vaIue oI tbe tbIng stoIen Is more tban 12,000
pesos but does not exceed 22,000 pesos, but II tbe vaIue oI
tbe tbIng stoIen exceeds tbe Iatter amount tbe penaIty sbaII
be tbe maxImum perIod oI tbe one prescrIbed In tbIs
paragrapb, and one year Ior eacb addItIonaI ten tbousand
pesos, but tbe totaI oI tbe penaIty wbIcb may be Imposed
sbaII not exceed twenty years. In sucb cases, and In
connectIon wItb tbe accessory penaItIes wbIcb may be
Imposed and Ior tbe purpose oI tbe otber provIsIons oI tbIs
Code, tbe penaIty sbaII be termed prIsIon mayor or recIusIon
temporaI, as tbe case may be.
2. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II tbe vaIue oI tbe tbIng stoIen Is more
tban 6,000 pesos but does not exceed 12,000 pesos.
3. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIods, II tbe vaIue oI tbe property stoIen Is more
tban 200 pesos but does not exceed 6,000 pesos.
4. Arresto mayor In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, II tbe vaIue oI tbe
property stoIen Is over S0 pesos but does not exceed 200
pesos.
S. Arresto mayor to Its IuII extent, II sucb vaIue Is over S
pesos but does not exceed S0 pesos.
6. Arresto mayor In Its mInImum and medIum perIods, II
sucb vaIue does not exceed S pesos.
?. Arresto menor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos, II tbe
tbeIt Is commItted under tbe cIrcumstances enumerated In
paragrapb 3 oI tbe next precedIng artIcIe and tbe vaIue oI
tbe tbIng stoIen does not exceed S pesos. II sucb vaIue
exceeds saId amount, tbe provIsIon oI any oI tbe IIve
precedIng subdIvIsIons sbaII be made appIIcabIe.
S. Arresto menor In Its mInImum perIod or a IIne not
exceedIng S0 pesos, wben tbe vaIue oI tbe tbIng stoIen Is
not over S pesos, and tbe oIIender sbaII bave acted under
tbe ImpuIse oI bunger, poverty, or tbe dIIIIcuIty oI earnIng a
IIveIIbood Ior tbe support oI bImseII or bIs IamIIy.
Art. 310. Quo11]1ed 1e]1. - Tbe crIme oI tbeIt sbaII be punIsbed
by tbe penaItIes next bIgber by two degrees tban tbose
respectIveIy specIIIed In tbe next precedIng artIcIe, II commItted
by a domestIc servant, or wItb grave abuse oI conIIdence, or II tbe
property stoIen Is motor vebIcIe, maII matter or Iarge cattIe or
consIsts oI coconuts taken Irom tbe premIses oI tbe pIantatIon or
IIsb taken Irom a IIsbpond or IIsbery, or II property Is taken on
tbe occasIon oI IIre, eartbquake, typboon, voIcanIc erruptIon, or
any otber caIamIty, vebIcuIar accIdent or cIvII dIsturbance. (As
amended by R.A. 120 and B.P. BIg. ?1. May 1, 19S0).
Art. 311. Te]1 o] 1e proper1g o] 1e No11ono1 L1brorg ond
No11ono1 Museum. - II tbe property stoIen be any property oI tbe
NatIonaI LIbrary or tbe NatIonaI Museum, tbe penaIty sbaII be
arresto mayor or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to S00 pesos, or botb,
unIess a bIgber penaIty sbouId be provIded under otber provIsIons
oI tbIs Code, In wbIcb case, tbe oIIender sbaII be punIsbed by
sucb bIgber penaIty.

Cbapter Four
USURPATION

Art. 312. Oooupo11on o] reo1 proper1g or usurpo11on o] reo1 r1g1s
1n proper1g. - Any person wbo, by means oI vIoIence agaInst or
IntImIdatIon oI persons, sbaII take possessIon oI any reaI property
or sbaII usurp any reaI rIgbts In property beIongIng to anotber, In
addItIon to tbe penaIty Incurred Ior tbe acts oI vIoIence executed
by bIm, sbaII be punIsbed by a IIne Irom S0 to 100 per centum oI
tbe gaIn wbIcb be sbaII bave obtaIned, but not Iess tban ?S pesos.
II tbe vaIue oI tbe gaIn cannot be ascertaIned, a IIne oI Irom 200
to S00 pesos sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 313. A11er1ng boundor1es or 1ondmorKs. - Any person wbo
sbaII aIter tbe boundary marks or monuments oI towns,
provInces, or estates, or any otber marks Intended to desIgnate
tbe boundarIes oI tbe same, sbaII be punIsbed by arresto menor or
a IIne not exceedIng 100 pesos, or botb.

Cbapter FIve
CULPABLE INSOLVENCY

Art. 314. Froudu1en1 1nso1venog. - Any person wbo sbaII abscond
wItb bIs property to tbe prejudIce oI bIs credItors, sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon mayor, II be be a mercbant and tbe penaIty oI
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon mayor In
Its medIum perIod, II be be not a mercbant.

Cbapter SIx
SWINDLING AND OTHER DECEITS

Art. 31S. Su1nd11ng (es1o]o). - Any person wbo sbaII deIraud
anotber by any oI tbe means mentIoned bereInbeIow sbaII be
punIsbed by:
Js1. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod to
prIsIon mayor In Its mInImum perIod, II tbe amount oI tbe Iraud
Is over 12,000 pesos but does not exceed 22,000 pesos, and II
sucb amount exceeds tbe Iatter sum, tbe penaIty provIded In tbIs
paragrapb sbaII be Imposed In Its maxImum perIod, addIng one
year Ior eacb addItIonaI 10,000 pesos; but tbe totaI penaIty wbIcb
may be Imposed sbaII not exceed twenty years. In sucb cases, and
In connectIon wItb tbe accessory penaItIes wbIcb may be Imposed
under tbe provIsIons oI tbIs Code, tbe penaIty sbaII be termed
prIsIon mayor or recIusIon temporaI, as tbe case may be.
2nd. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIods, II tbe amount oI tbe Iraud Is over 6,000 pesos
but does not exceed 12,000 pesos;
Srd. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod II sucb amount Is over
200 pesos but does not exceed 6,000 pesos; and
41. By arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod, II sucb amount
does not exceed 200 pesos, provIded tbat In tbe Iour cases
mentIoned, tbe Iraud be commItted by any oI tbe IoIIowIng
means:
1. WItb unIaItbIuIness or abuse oI conIIdence, nameIy:

(a) By aIterIng tbe substance, quantIty, or quaIIty or

anytbIng oI vaIue wbIcb tbe oIIender sbaII deIIver by
vIrtue oI an obIIgatIon to do so, even tbougb sucb
obIIgatIon be based on an ImmoraI or IIIegaI
consIderatIon.
(b) By mIsapproprIatIng or convertIng, to tbe prejudIce
oI anotber, money, goods, or any otber personaI
property receIved by tbe oIIender In trust or on
commIssIon, or Ior admInIstratIon, or under any otber
obIIgatIon InvoIvIng tbe duty to make deIIvery oI or to
return tbe same, even tbougb sucb obIIgatIon be totaIIy
or partIaIIy guaranteed by a bond; or by denyIng bavIng
receIved sucb money, goods, or otber property.cban robIes
vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
(c) By takIng undue advantage oI tbe sIgnature oI tbe
oIIended party In bIank, and by wrItIng any document
above sucb sIgnature In bIank, to tbe prejudIce oI tbe
oIIended party or oI any tbIrd person.
2. By means oI any oI tbe IoIIowIng IaIse pretenses or
IrauduIent acts executed prIor to or sImuItaneousIy wItb tbe
commIssIon oI tbe Iraud:

(a) By usIng IIctItIous name, or IaIseIy pretendIng to

possess power, InIIuence, quaIIIIcatIons, property,
credIt, agency, busIness or ImagInary transactIons, or
by means oI otber sImIIar deceIts.
(b) By aIterIng tbe quaIIty, IIneness or weIgbt oI
anytbIng pertaInIng to bIs art or busIness.
(c) By pretendIng to bave brIbed any Government
empIoyee, wItbout prejudIce to tbe actIon Ior caIumny
wbIcb tbe oIIended party may deem proper to brIng
agaInst tbe oIIender. In tbIs case, tbe oIIender sbaII be
punIsbed by tbe maxImum perIod oI tbe penaIty.
(d) [By post-datIng a cbeck, or IssuIng a cbeck In
payment oI an obIIgatIon wben tbe oIIender tbereIn
were not suIIIcIent to cover tbe amount oI tbe cbeck.
Tbe IaIIure oI tbe drawer oI tbe cbeck to deposIt tbe
amount necessary to cover bIs cbeck wItbIn tbree (3)
days Irom receIpt oI notIce Irom tbe bank andJor tbe
payee or boIder tbat saId cbeck bas been dIsbonored Ior
Iack oI InsuIIIcIency oI Iunds sbaII be prIma IacIe
evIdence oI deceIt constItutIng IaIse pretense or
IrauduIent act. (As amended by R.A. 4SSS, approved June 1?, 196?.)]
(e) By obtaInIng any Iood, reIresbment or
accommodatIon at a boteI, Inn, restaurant, boardIng
bouse, IodgIng bouse, or apartment bouse and tbe IIke
wItbout payIng tbereIor, wItb Intent to deIraud tbe
proprIetor or manager tbereoI, or by obtaInIng credIt at
boteI, Inn, restaurant, boardIng bouse, IodgIng bouse,
or apartment bouse by tbe use oI any IaIse pretense, or
by abandonIng or surreptItIousIy removIng any part oI
bIs baggage Irom a boteI, Inn, restaurant, boardIng
bouse, IodgIng bouse or apartment bouse aIter
obtaInIng credIt, Iood, reIresbment or accommodatIon
tbereIn wItbout payIng Ior bIs Iood, reIresbment or
accommodatIon.
3. Tbrougb any oI tbe IoIIowIng IrauduIent means:

(a) By InducIng anotber, by means oI deceIt, to sIgn any

document.
(b) By resortIng to some IrauduIent practIce to Insure
success In a gambIIng game.
(c) By removIng, conceaIIng or destroyIng, In wboIe or
In part, any court record, oIIIce IIIes, document or any
otber papers.
Art. 316. O1er ]orms o] su1nd11ng. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
mayor In Its mInImum and medIum perIod and a IIne oI not Iess
tban tbe vaIue oI tbe damage caused and not more tban tbree
tImes sucb vaIue, sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo, pretendIng to be owner oI any reaI
property, sbaII convey, seII, encumber or mortgage tbe same.
2. Any person, wbo, knowIng tbat reaI property Is
encumbered, sbaII dIspose oI tbe same, aItbougb sucb
encumbrance be not recorded.
3. Tbe owner oI any personaI property wbo sbaII wrongIuIIy
take It Irom Its IawIuI possessor, to tbe prejudIce oI tbe
Iatter or any tbIrd person.
4. Any person wbo, to tbe prejudIce oI anotber, sbaII execute
any IIctItIous contract.
S. Any person wbo sbaII accept any compensatIon gIven bIm
under tbe beIIeI tbat It was In payment oI servIces rendered
or Iabor perIormed by bIm, wben In Iact be dId not actuaIIy
perIorm sucb servIces or Iabor.
6. Any person wbo, wbIIe beIng a surety In a bond gIven In a
crImInaI or cIvII actIon, wItbout express autborIty Irom tbe
court or beIore tbe canceIIatIon oI bIs bond or beIore beIng
reIIeved Irom tbe obIIgatIon contracted by bIm, sbaII seII,
mortgage, or, In any otber manner, encumber tbe reaI
property or propertIes wItb wbIcb be guaranteed tbe
IuIIIIIment oI sucb obIIgatIon.
Art. 31?. Su1nd11ng o m1nor. - Any person wbo takIng advantage
oI tbe InexperIence or emotIons or IeeIIngs oI a mInor, to bIs
detrIment, sbaII Induce bIm to assume any obIIgatIon or to gIve
any reIease or execute a transIer oI any property rIgbt In
consIderatIon oI some Ioan oI money, credIt or otber personaI
property, wbetber tbe Ioan cIearIy appears In tbe document or Is
sbown In any otber Iorm, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor
and a IIne oI a sum rangIng Irom 10 to S0 per cent oI tbe vaIue oI
tbe obIIgatIon contracted by tbe mInor.
Art. 31S. O1er deoe11s. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a
IIne oI not Iess tban tbe amount oI tbe damage caused and not
more tban twIce sucb amount sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo sbaII deIraud or damage anotber by any otber deceIt not
mentIoned In tbe precedIng artIcIes oI tbIs cbapter.
Any person wbo, Ior proIIt or gaIn, sbaII Interpret dreams, make
Iorecasts, teII Iortunes, or take advantage oI tbe creduIIty oI tbe
pubIIc In any otber sImIIar manner, sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI
arresto mayor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos.

Cbapter Seven
CHATTEL MORTGAGE

Art. 319. Removo1, so1e or p1edge o] mor1goged proper1g. - Tbe
penaIty or arresto mayor or a IIne amountIng to twIce tbe vaIue oI
tbe property sbaII be Imposed upon:
1. Any person wbo sbaII knowIngIy remove any personaI
property mortgaged under tbe CbatteI Mortgage Law to any
provInce or cIty otber tban tbe one In wbIcb It was Iocated
at tbe tIme oI tbe executIon oI tbe mortgage, wItbout tbe
wrItten consent oI tbe mortgagee, or bIs executors,
admInIstrators or assIgns.
2. Any mortgagor wbo sbaII seII or pIedge personaI property
aIready pIedged, or any part tbereoI, under tbe terms oI tbe
CbatteI Mortgage Law, wItbout tbe consent oI tbe mortgagee
wrItten on tbe back oI tbe mortgage and noted on tbe record
bereoI In tbe oIIIce oI tbe RegIster oI Deeds oI tbe provInce
wbere sucb property Is Iocated.
Cbapter EIgbt
ARSON AND OTHER CRIMES INVOLVING DESTRUCTIONS

Art. 320. Des1ruo11ve orson. - Tbe penaIty oI recIusIon temporaI
In Its maxImum perIod to recIusIon perpetua sbaII be Imposed
upon any person wbo sbaII burn:
1. Any arsenaI, sbIpyard, storebouse or mIIItary powder or
IIreworks Iactory, ordInance, storebouse, arcbIves or generaI
museum oI tbe Government.
2. Any passenger traIn or motor vebIcIe In motIon or vesseI
out oI port.
3. In an InbabIted pIace, any storebouse or Iactory oI
InIIammabIe or expIosIve materIaIs.
Art. 321. O1er ]orms o] orson. - Wben tbe arson consIsts In tbe
burnIng oI otber property and under tbe cIrcumstances gIven
bereunder, tbe oIIender sbaII be punIsbabIe:
1. By recIusIon temporaI or recIusIon perpetua:

(a) II tbe oIIender sbaII set IIre to any buIIdIng,
Iarmbouse, warebouse, but, sbeIter, or vesseI In port,
knowIng It to be occupIed at tbe tIme by one or more
persons;
(b) II tbe buIIdIng burned Is a pubIIc buIIdIng and vaIue
oI tbe damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos;
(c) II tbe buIIdIng burned Is a pubIIc buIIdIng and tbe
purpose Is to destroy evIdence kept tbereIn to be used
In InstItutIng prosecutIon Ior tbe punIsbment oI
vIoIators oI tbe Iaw, IrrespectIve oI tbe amount oI tbe
damage;cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
(d) II tbe buIIdIng burned Is a pubIIc buIIdIng and tbe
purpose Is to destroy evIdence kept tbereIn to be used
In IegIsIatIve, judIcIaI or admInIstratIve proceedIngs,
IrrespectIve oI tbe amount oI tbe damage; ProvIded,
bowever, Tbat II tbe evIdence destroyed Is to be used
agaInst tbe deIendant Ior tbe prosecutIon oI any crIme
punIsbabIe under exIstIng Iaws, tbe penaIty sbaII be
recIusIon perpetua;
(e) II tbe arson sbaII bave been commItted wItb tbe
IntentIon oI coIIectIng under an Insurance poIIcy
agaInst Ioss or damage by IIre.
2. By recIusIon temporaI:

(a) II an InbabIted bouse or any otber buIIdIng In wbIcb

peopIe are accustomed to meet Is set on IIre, and tbe
cuIprIt dId not know tbat sucb bouse or buIIdIng was
occupIed at tbe tIme, or II be sbaII set IIre to a movIng
IreIgbt traIn or motor vebIcIe, and tbe vaIue oI tbe
damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos;
(b) II tbe vaIue oI tbe damage caused In paragrapb (b) oI
tbe precedIng subdIvIsIon does not exceed 6,000 pesos;
(c) II a Iarm, sugar mIII, cane mIII, mIII centraI, bamboo
groves or any sImIIar pIantatIon Is set on IIre and tbe
damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos; and
(d) II graIn IIeIds, pasture Iands, or Iorests, or pIantIngs
are set on IIre, and tbe damage caused exceeds 6,000
pesos.
3. By prIsIon mayor:

(a) II tbe vaIue oI tbe damage caused In tbe case

mentIoned In paragrapbs (a), (c), and (d) In tbe next
precedIng subdIvIsIon does not exceed 6,000 pesos;
(b) II a buIIdIng not used as a dweIIIng or pIace oI
assembIy, Iocated In a popuIated pIace, Is set on IIre,
and tbe damage caused exceeds 6,000 pesos;
4. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon
mayor In Its medIum perIod:

(a) II a buIIdIng used as dweIIIng Iocated In an

unInbabIted pIace Is set on IIre and tbe damage caused
exceeds 1,000 pesos;
(b) II tbe vaIue or tbe damage caused In tbe case
mentIoned In paragrapbs (c) and (d) oI subdIvIsIon 2 oI
tbIs artIcIe does not exceed 200 pesos.
S. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon
mayor In Its mInImum perIod, wben tbe damage caused Is
over 200 pesos but does not exceed 1,000 pesos, and tbe
property reIerred to In paragrapb (a) oI tbe precedIng
subdIvIsIon Is set on IIre; but wben tbe vaIue oI sucb
property does not exceed 200 pesos, tbe penaIty next Iower
In degree tban tbat prescrIbed In tbIs subdIvIsIon sbaII be
Imposed.
6. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods, II tbe damage caused In tbe case
mentIoned In paragrapb (b) oI subdIvIsIon 3 oI tbIs artIcIe
does not exceed 6,000 pesos but Is over 200 pesos.
?. Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIods, II tbe damage caused In tbe case
mentIoned paragrapb (b) subdIvIsIon 3 oI tbIs artIcIe does
not exceed 200 pesos.
S. Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor and a IIne rangIng Irom IIIty
to one bundred per centum II tbe damage caused sbaII be
Imposed, wben tbe property burned consIsts oI graIn IIeIds,
pasture Iands, Iorests, or pIantatIons wben tbe vaIue oI sucb
property does not exceed 200 pesos.(As amended by R.A. S46?,
approved May 12, 1969).
Art. 322. Cases oI arson not IncIuded In tbe precedIng artIcIes. -
Cases oI arson not IncIuded In tbe next precedIng artIcIes sbaII be
punIsbed:
1. By arresto mayor In Its medIum and maxImum perIods,
wben tbe damage caused does not exceed S0 pesos;
2. By arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, wben tbe damage
caused Is over S0 pesos but does not exceed 200 pesos;
3. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods, II tbe damage caused Is over 200 pesos but does not
exceed 1,000 pesos; and
4. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods, II It Is over 1,000 pesos.
Art. 323. Arson o] proper1g o] smo11 vo1ue. - Tbe arson oI any
unInbabIted but, storebouse, barn, sbed, or any otber property
tbe vaIue oI wbIcb does not exceed 2S pesos, commItted at a tIme
or under cIrcumstances wbIcb cIearIy excIude aII danger oI tbe
IIre spreadIng, sbaII not be punIsbed by tbe penaItIes respectIveIy
prescrIbed In tbIs cbapter, but In accordance wItb tbe damage
caused and under tbe provIsIons oI tbe IoIIowIng cbapter.
Art. 324. Cr1mes 1nvo1v1ng des1ruo11on. - Any person wbo sbaII
cause destructIon by means oI expIosIon, dIscbarge oI eIectrIc
current, InundatIon, sInkIng or strandIng oI a vesseI, IntentIonaI
damagIng oI tbe engIne oI saId vesseI, takIng up tbe raIIs Irom a
raIIway track, maIIcIousIy cbangIng raIIway sIgnaIs Ior tbe saIety
oI movIng traIns, destroyIng teIegrapb wIres and teIegrapb posts,
or tbose oI any otber system, and, In generaI, by usIng any otber
agency or means oI destructIon as eIIectIve as tbose above
enumerated, sbaII be punIsbed by recIusIon temporaI II tbe
commIssIon bas endangered tbe saIety oI any person, otberwIse,
tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 32S. Burn1ng ones oun proper1g os meons 1o oomm11 orson.
- Any person guIIty oI arson or causIng great destructIon oI tbe
property beIongIng to anotber sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes
prescrIbed In tbIs cbapter, even tbougb be sbaII bave set IIre to or
destroyed bIs own property Ior tbe purposes oI commIttIng tbe
crIme.
Art. 326. Se111ng ]1re 1o proper1g eo1us1ve1g ouned bg 1e
o]]ender. - II tbe property burned sbaII be tbe excIusIve property
oI tbe oIIender, be sbaII be punIsbed by arresto mayor In Its
maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod, II
tbe arson sbaII bave been commItted Ior tbe purpose oI
deIraudIng or causIng damage to anotber, or prejudIce sbaII
actuaIIy bave been caused, or II tbe tbIng burned sbaII bave been
a buIIdIng In an InbabIted pIace.
Art. 326-A. 1n ooses uere deo1 resu11ed os o oonsequenoe o]
orson. - II deatb resuIted as a consequence oI arson commItted
on any oI tbe propertIes and under any oI tbe cIrcumstances
mentIoned In tbe precedIng artIcIes, tbe court sbaII Impose tbe
deatb penaIty.
Art. 326-B. Pr1mo ]oo1e ev1denoe o] orson. - Any oI tbe IoIIowIng
cIrcumstances sbaII constItute prIma IacIe evIdence oI arson:
1. II aIter tbe IIre, are Iound materIaIs or substances soaked
In gasoIIne, kerosene, petroIeum, or otber InIIammabIes, or
any mecbanIcaI, eIectrIcaI cbemIcaI or traces or any oI tbe
IoregoIng.
2. Tbat substantIaI amount oI InIIammabIe substance or
materIaIs were stored wItbIn tbe buIIdIng not necessary In
tbe course oI tbe deIendant's busIness; and
3. Tbat tbe IIre started sImuItaneousIy In more tban one
part oI tbe buIIdIng or IocaIe under cIrcumstances tbat
cannot normaIIy be due to accIdentaI or unIntentIonaI
causes: ProvIded, bowever, Tbat at Ieast one oI tbe IoIIowIng
Is present In any oI tbe tbree above-mentIoned
cIrcumstances:

(a) Tbat tbe totaI Insurance carrIed on tbe buIIdIng

andJor goods Is more tban S0 per cent oI tbe vaIue oI
sucb buIIdIng andJor goods at tbe tIme oI tbe IIre;
(b) Tbat tbe deIendant aIter tbe IIre bas presented a
IrauduIent cIaIm Ior Ioss.
Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI sbaII be Imposed on one wbo
pIants tbe artIcIes above-mentIoned, In order to secure a
convIctIon, or as a means oI extortIon or coercIon. (As amended by
R.A. S46?, approved May 12, 1969).

[c||ck here for the fu|| text of
PRE8|0ENT|AL 0E6REE N0. 113
AHEN0|NC ThE LAw 0N AR80Nj

[6||ck here for the fu|| text of
PRE8|0ENT|AL 0E6REE N0. 1744
AHEN0|NC ART|6LE ThREE hUN0RE0 AN0 TwENTY 0F
ThE REV|8E0 PENAL 600E PR0V|8|0N8 0N AR80Nj

Cbapter NIne
MALICIOUS MISCHIEF

Art. 32?. Wo ore 11ob1e ]or mo11o1ous m1so1e]. - Any person
wbo sbaII deIIberateIy cause tbe property oI anotber any damage
not IaIIIng wItbIn tbe terms oI tbe next precedIng cbapter sbaII be
guIIty oI maIIcIous mIscbIeI.
Art. 32S. Speo1o1 ooses o] mo11o1ous m1so1e]. - Any person wbo
sbaII cause damage to obstruct tbe perIormance oI pubIIc
IunctIons, or usIng any poIsonous or corrosIve substance; or
spreadIng any InIectIon or contagIon among cattIe; or wbo cause
damage to tbe property oI tbe NatIonaI Museum or NatIonaI
LIbrary, or to any arcbIve or regIstry, waterworks, road,
promenade, or any otber tbIng used In common by tbe pubIIc,
sbaII be punIsbed:
1. By prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods, II tbe vaIue oI tbe damage caused exceeds 1,000
pesos;
2. By arresto mayor, II sucb vaIue does not exceed tbe
abovementIoned amount but It Is over 200 pesos; and
3. By arresto menor, In sucb vaIue does not exceed 200
pesos.
Art. 329. O1er m1so1e]s. - Tbe mIscbIeIs not IncIuded In tbe
next precedIng artIcIe sbaII be punIsbed:
1. By arresto mayor In Its medIum and maxImum perIods, II
tbe vaIue oI tbe damage caused exceeds 1,000 pesos;
2. By arresto mayor In Its mInImum and medIum perIods, II
sucb vaIue Is over 200 pesos but does not exceed 1,000
pesos; and
3. By arresto menor or IIne oI not Iess tban tbe vaIue oI tbe
damage caused and not more tban 200 pesos, II tbe amount
InvoIved does not exceed 200 pesos or cannot be estImated.
Art. 330. Domoge ond obs1ruo11on 1o meons o] oommun1oo11on. -
Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII damage any
raIIway, teIegrapb or teIepbone IInes.
II tbe damage sbaII resuIt In any deraIIment oI cars, coIIIsIon or
otber accIdent, tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor sbaII be Imposed,
wItbout prejudIce to tbe crImInaI IIabIIIty oI tbe oIIender Ior tbe
otber consequences oI bIs crImInaI act.
For tbe purpose oI tbe provIsIons oI tbe artIcIe, tbe eIectrIc wIres,
tractIon cabIes, sIgnaI system and otber tbIngs pertaInIng to
raIIways, sbaII be deemed to constItute an IntegraI part oI a
raIIway system.
Art. 331. Des1rog1ng or domog1ng s1o1ues, pub11o monumen1s or
po1n11ngs.- Any person wbo sbaII destroy or damage statues or
any otber useIuI or ornamentaI pubIIc monument sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its medIum perIod to prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod.
Any person wbo sbaII destroy or damage any useIuI or ornamentaI
paIntIng oI a pubIIc nature sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto
menor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos, or botb sucb IIne and
ImprIsonment, In tbe dIscretIon oI tbe court.

Cbapter Ten
EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY
IN CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

Art. 332. Persons eemp1 ]rom or1m1no1 11ob1111g. - No crImInaI,
but onIy cIvII IIabIIIty, sbaII resuIt Irom tbe commIssIon oI tbe
crIme oI tbeIt, swIndIIng or maIIcIous mIscbIeI commItted or
caused mutuaIIy by tbe IoIIowIng persons:
1. Spouses, ascendants and descendants, or reIatIves by
aIIInIty In tbe same IIne.
2. Tbe wIdowed spouse wItb respect to tbe property wbIcb
beIonged to tbe deceased spouse beIore tbe same sbaII bave
passed Into tbe possessIon oI anotber; and
3. Brotbers and sIsters and brotbers-In-Iaw and sIsters-In-
Iaw, II IIvIng togetber.
Tbe exemptIon estabIIsbed by tbIs artIcIe sbaII not be appIIcabIe
to strangers partIcIpatIng In tbe commIssIon oI tbe crIme.

TItIe EIeven

CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY

Cbapter One
ADULTERY AND CONCUBINAGE

Art. 333. Wo ore gu111g o] odu11erg. - AduItery Is commItted by
any marrIed woman wbo sbaII bave sexuaI Intercourse wItb a man
not ber busband and by tbe man wbo bas carnaI knowIedge oI ber
knowIng ber to be marrIed, even II tbe marrIage be subsequentIy
decIared voId.
AduItery sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum
and maxImum perIods.
II tbe person guIIty oI aduItery commItted tbIs oIIense wbIIe
beIng abandoned wItbout justIIIcatIon by tbe oIIended spouse, tbe
penaIty next Iower In degree tban tbat provIded In tbe next
precedIng paragrapb sbaII be Imposed.
Art. 334. Conoub1noge. - Any busband wbo sbaII keep a mIstress
In tbe conjugaI dweIIIng, or sbaII bave sexuaI Intercourse, under
scandaIous cIrcumstances, wItb a woman wbo Is not bIs wIIe, or
sbaII cobabIt wItb ber In any otber pIace, sbaII be punIsbed by
prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods.
Tbe concubIne sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI destIerro.

Cbapter Two
RAPE AND ACTS OF LASCIVIOUSNESS

Art. 33S. Wen ond ou rope 1s oomm111ed. - Rape Is commItted
by bavIng carnaI knowIedge oI a woman under any oI tbe
IoIIowIng cIrcumstances:
1. By usIng Iorce or IntImIdatIon;
2. Wben tbe woman Is deprIved oI reason or otberwIse
unconscIous; and
3. Wben tbe woman Is under tweIve years oI age, even
tbougb neItber oI tbe cIrcumstances mentIoned In tbe two
next precedIng paragrapbs sbaII be present.
Tbe crIme oI rape sbaII be punIsbed by recIusIon perpetua.
Wbenever tbe crIme oI rape Is commItted wItb tbe use oI a deadIy
weapon or by two or more persons, tbe penaIty sbaII be recIusIon
perpetua to deatb.
Wben by reason or on tbe occasIon oI tbe rape, tbe vIctIm bas
become Insane, tbe penaIty sbaII be deatb.
Wben rape Is attempted or Irustrated and a bomIcIde Is
commItted by reason or on tbe occasIon tbereoI, tbe penaIty sbaII
be IIkewIse deatb.
Wben by reason or on tbe occasIon oI tbe rape, a bomIcIde Is
commItted, tbe penaIty sbaII be deatb. (As amended by R.A. 2632,
approved June 1S, 1960, and R.A. 4111, approved June 20, 1964).
Art. 336. Ao1s o] 1oso1v1ousness. - Any person wbo sbaII commIt
any act oI IascIvIousness upon otber persons oI eItber sex, under
any oI tbe cIrcumstances mentIoned In tbe precedIng artIcIe,
sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI.

Cbapter Tbree
SEDUCTION, CORRUPTION OF MINORS
AND WHITE SLAVE TRADE

Art. 33?. Quo11]1ed seduo11on. - Tbe seductIon oI a vIrgIn over
tweIve years and under eIgbteen years oI age, commItted by any
person In pubIIc autborIty, prIest, bome-servant, domestIc,
guardIan, teacber, or any person wbo, In any capacIty, sbaII be
entrusted wItb tbe educatIon or custody oI tbe woman seduced,
sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and
medIum perIods.
Tbe penaIty next bIgber In degree sbaII be Imposed upon any
person wbo sbaII seduce bIs sIster or descendant, wbetber or not
sbe be a vIrgIn or over eIgbteen years oI age.
Under tbe provIsIons oI tbIs Cbapter, seductIon Is commItted
wben tbe oIIender bas carnaI knowIedge oI any oI tbe persons and
under tbe cIrcumstances descrIbed bereIn.
Art. 33S. S1mp1e seduo11on. - Tbe seductIon oI a woman wbo Is
sIngIe or a wIdow oI good reputatIon, over tweIve but under
eIgbteen years oI age, commItted by means oI deceIt, sbaII be
punIsbed by arresto mayor.
Art. 339. Ao1s o] 1oso1v1ousness u11 1e oonsen1 o] 1e o]]ended
por1g. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor sbaII be Imposed to punIsb
any otber acts oI IascIvIousness commItted by tbe same persons
and tbe same cIrcumstances as tbose provIded In ArtIcIes 33?
and 33S.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
Art. 340. Corrup11on o] m1nors. - Any person wbo sbaII promote
or IacIIItate tbe prostItutIon or corruptIon oI persons underage to
satIsIy tbe Iust oI anotber, sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon mayor,
and II tbe cuIprIt Is a pubIc oIIIcer or empIoyee, IncIudIng tbose
In government-owned or controIIed corporatIons, be sbaII aIso
suIIer tbe penaIty oI temporary absoIute dIsquaIIIIcatIon. (As
amended by Batas Pambansa BIg. 92).
Art. 341. W11e s1ove 1rode. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor In Its
medIum and maxImum perIod sbaII be Imposed upon any person
wbo, In any manner, or under any pretext, sbaII engage In tbe
busIness or sbaII proIIt by prostItutIon or sbaII enIIst tbe servIces
oI any otber Ior tbe purpose oI prostItutIon (As amended by Batas
Pambansa BIg. 1S6.)

Cbapter Four
ABDUCTION

Art. 342. Foro1b1e obduo11on. - Tbe abductIon oI any woman
agaInst ber wIII and wItb Iewd desIgns sbaII be punIsbed by
recIusIon temporaI.
Tbe same penaIty sbaII be Imposed In every case, II tbe IemaIe
abducted be under tweIve years oI age.
Art. 343. Consen1ed obduo11on. - Tbe abductIon oI a vIrgIn over
tweIve years and under eIgbteen years oI age, carrIed out wItb ber
consent and wItb Iewd desIgns, sbaII be punIsbed by tbe penaIty
oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum perIods.

Cbapter FIve
PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRECEDING
CHAPTERS OF TITLE ELEVEN

Art. 344. Proseou11on o] 1e or1mes o] odu11erg, oonoub1noge,
seduo11on, obduo11on, rope ond oo1s o] 1oso1v1ousness. - Tbe
crImes oI aduItery and concubInage sbaII not be prosecuted
except upon a compIaInt IIIed by tbe oIIended spouse.
Tbe oIIended party cannot InstItute crImInaI prosecutIon wItbout
IncIudIng botb tbe guIIty partIes, II tbey are botb aIIve, nor, In
any case, II be sbaII bave consented or pardoned tbe oIIenders.
Tbe oIIenses oI seductIon, abductIon, rape or acts oI
IascIvIousness, sbaII not be prosecuted except upon a compIaInt
IIIed by tbe oIIended party or ber parents, grandparents, or
guardIan, nor, In any case, II tbe oIIender bas been expressIy
pardoned by tbe above named persons, as tbe case may be.
In cases oI seductIon, abductIon, acts oI IascIvIousness and rape,
tbe marrIage oI tbe oIIender wItb tbe oIIended party sbaII
extInguIsb tbe crImInaI actIon or remIt tbe penaIty aIready
Imposed upon bIm. Tbe provIsIons oI tbIs paragrapb sbaII aIso be
appIIcabIe to tbe co-prIncIpaIs, accompIIces and accessorIes aIter
tbe Iact oI tbe above-mentIoned crImes.
Art. 34S. C1v11 11ob1111g o] persons gu111g o] or1mes ogo1ns1
oos111g. - Person guIIty oI rape, seductIon or abductIon, sbaII
aIso be sentenced:
1. To IndemnIIy tbe oIIended woman.
2. To acknowIedge tbe oIIsprIng, unIess tbe Iaw sbouId
prevent bIm Irom so doIng.
3. In every case to support tbe oIIsprIng.
Tbe aduIterer and tbe concubIne In tbe case provIded Ior In
ArtIcIes 333 and 334 may aIso be sentenced, In tbe same
proceedIng or In a separate cIvII proceedIng, to IndemnIIy Ior
damages caused to tbe oIIended spouse.
Art. 346. L1ob1111g o] osoendon1s, guord1ons, 1eooers, or o1er
persons en1rus1ed u11 1e ous1odg o] 1e o]]ended por1g. - Tbe
ascendants, guardIans, curators, teacbers and any person wbo, by
abuse oI autborIty or conIIdentIaI reIatIonsbIps, sbaII cooperate
as accompIIces In tbe perpetratIon oI tbe crImes embraced In
cbapters, second, tbIrd and Iourtb, oI tbIs tItIe, sbaII be punIsbed
as prIncIpaIs.cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
Teacbers or otber persons In any otber capacIty entrusted wItb
tbe educatIon and guIdance oI youtb, sbaII aIso suIIer tbe penaIty
oI temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon In Its maxImum perIod to
perpetuaI specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
Any person IaIIIng wItbIn tbe terms oI tbIs artIcIe, and any otber
person guIIty oI corruptIon oI mInors Ior tbe beneIIt oI anotber,
sbaII be punIsbed by specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon Irom IIIIIng tbe oIIIce
oI guardIan.

TItIe TweIve

CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL STATUS OF PERSONS

Cbapter one
SIMULATION OF BIRTHS AND USURPATION OF CIVIL STATUS
Art. 34?. S1mu1o11on o] b1r1s, subs111u11on o] one o11d ]or
ono1er ond oonoeo1men1 or obondonmen1 o] o 1eg111mo1e
o11d. - Tbe sImuIatIon oI bIrtbs and tbe substItutIon oI one
cbIId Ior anotber sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon mayor and a IIne oI
not exceedIng 1,000 pesos.
Tbe same penaItIes sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII
conceaI or abandon any IegItImate cbIId wItb Intent to cause sucb
cbIId to Iose Its cIvII status.
Any pbysIcIan or surgeon or pubIIc oIIIcer wbo, In vIoIatIon oI tbe
dutIes oI bIs proIessIon or oIIIce, sbaII cooperate In tbe executIon
oI any oI tbe crImes mentIoned In tbe two next precedIng
paragrapbs, sbaII suIIer tbe penaItIes tbereIn prescrIbed and aIso
tbe penaIty oI temporary specIaI dIsquaIIIIcatIon.
Art. 34S. Usurpo11on o] o1v11 s1o1us. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
mayor sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII usurp tbe cIvII
status oI anotber, sbouId be do so Ior tbe purpose oI deIraudIng
tbe oIIended part or bIs beIrs; otberwIse, tbe penaIty oI prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods sbaII be
Imposed.

Cbapter Two
ILLEGAL MARRIAGES

Art. 349. B1gomg. - Tbe penaIty oI prIsIon mayor sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo sbaII contract a second or
subsequent marrIage beIore tbe Iormer marrIage bas been IegaIIy
dIssoIved, or beIore tbe absent spouse bas been decIared
presumptIveIy dead by means oI a judgment rendered In tbe
proper proceedIngs.
Art. 3S0. Morr1oge oon1roo1ed ogo1ns1 prov1s1ons o] 1ous. - Tbe
penaIty oI prIsIon correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum
perIods sbaII be Imposed upon any person wbo, wItbout beIng
IncIuded In tbe provIsIons oI tbe next proceedIng artIcIe, sbaII
bave not been compIIed wItb or tbat tbe marrIage Is In dIsregard
oI a IegaI ImpedIment.
II eItber oI tbe contractIng partIes sbaII obtaIn tbe consent oI tbe
otber by means oI vIoIence, IntImIdatIon or Iraud, be sbaII be
punIsbed by tbe maxImum perIod oI tbe penaIty provIded In tbe
next precedIng paragrapb.
Art. 3S1. Premo1ure morr1oges. - Any wIdow wbo sbaII marry
wItbIn tbree bundred and one day Irom tbe date oI tbe deatb oI
ber busband, or beIore bavIng deIIvered II sbe sbaII bave been
pregnant at tbe tIme oI bIs deatb, sbaII be punIsbed by arresto
mayor and a IIne not exceedIng S00 pesos.
Tbe same penaItIes sbaII be Imposed upon any woman wbose
marrIage sbaII bave been annuIIed or dIssoIved, II sbe sbaII marry
beIore ber deIIvery or beIore tbe expIratIon oI tbe perIod oI tbree
bundred and one day aIter tbe IegaI separatIon.
Art. 3S2. Per]ormonoe o] 111ego1 morr1oge oeremong. - PrIests or
mInIsters oI any reIIgIous denomInatIon or sect, or cIvII
autborItIes wbo sbaII perIorm or autborIze any IIIegaI marrIage
ceremony sbaII be punIsbed In accordance wItb tbe provIsIons oI
tbe MarrIage Law.

TItIe TbIrteen

CRIMES AGAINST HONOR

Cbapter One
LIBEL

SectIon One. - DeIInItIons, Iorms, and punIsbment oI tbIs crIme.

Art. 3S3. De]1n111on o] 11be1. - A IIbeI Is pubIIc and maIIcIous
ImputatIon oI a crIme, or oI a vIce or deIect, reaI or ImagInary, or
any act, omIssIon, condItIon, status, or cIrcumstance tendIng to
cause tbe dIsbonor, dIscredIt, or contempt oI a naturaI or
jurIdIcaI person, or to bIacken tbe memory oI one wbo Is dead.
Art. 3S4. Requ1remen1 ]or pub11o11g. - Every deIamatory
ImputatIon Is presumed to be maIIcIous, even II It be true, II no
good IntentIon and justIIIabIe motIve Ior makIng It Is sbown,
except In tbe IoIIowIng cases:
1. A prIvate communIcatIon made by any person to anotber
In tbe perIormance oI any IegaI, moraI or socIaI duty; and
2. A IaIr and true report, made In good IaItb, wItbout any
comments or remarks, oI any judIcIaI, IegIsIatIve or otber
oIIIcIaI proceedIngs wbIcb are not oI conIIdentIaI nature, or
oI any statement, report or speecb deIIvered In saId
proceedIngs, or oI any otber act perIormed by pubIIc oIIIcers
In tbe exercIse oI tbeIr IunctIons.
Art. 3SS. L1be1 meons bg ur111ngs or s1m11or meons. - A IIbeI
commItted by means oI wrItIng, prIntIng, IItbograpby, engravIng,
radIo, pbonograpb, paIntIng, tbeatrIcaI exbIbItIon,
cInematograpbIc exbIbItIon, or any sImIIar means, sbaII be
punIsbed by prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum and medIum
perIods or a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 6,000 pesos, or botb, In
addItIon to tbe cIvII actIon wbIcb may be brougbt by tbe oIIended
party.
Art. 3S6. Treo1en1ng 1o pub11s ond o]]er 1o presen1 suo
pub11oo11on ]or o oompenso11on. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor
or a IIne Irom 200 to 2,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon
any person wbo tbreatens anotber to pubIIsb a IIbeI concernIng
bIm or tbe parents, spouse, cbIId, or otber members oI tbe IamIIy
oI tbe Iatter or upon anyone wbo sbaII oIIer to prevent tbe
pubIIcatIon oI sucb IIbeI Ior a compensatIon or money
consIderatIon.
Art. 3S?. Pro1b11ed pub11oo11on o] oo1s re]erred 1o 1n 1e oourse
o] o]]1o1o1 prooeed1ngs. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor or a IIne
oI Irom 20 to 2,000 pesos, or botb, sbaII be Imposed upon any
reporter, edItor or manager or a newspaper, daIIy or magazIne,
wbo sbaII pubIIsb Iacts connected wItb tbe prIvate IIIe oI anotber
and oIIensIve to tbe bonor, vIrtue and reputatIon oI saId person,
even tbougb saId pubIIcatIon be made In connectIon wItb or
under tbe pretext tbat It Is necessary In tbe narratIon oI any
judIcIaI or admInIstratIve proceedIngs wbereIn sucb Iacts bave
been mentIoned.
Art. 3SS. S1onder. - OraI deIamatIon sbaII be punIsbed by arresto
mayor In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its
mInImum perIod II It Is oI a serIous and InsuItIng nature;
otberwIse tbe penaIty sbaII be arresto menor or a IIne not
exceedIng 200 pesos.
Art. 3S9. S1onder bg deed. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its
maxImum perIod to prIsIon correccIonaI In Its mInImum perIod or
a IIne rangIng Irom 200 to 1,000 pesos sbaII be Imposed upon any
person wbo sbaII perIorm any act not IncIuded and punIsbed In
tbIs tItIe, wbIcb sbaII cast dIsbonor, dIscredIt or contempt upon
anotber person. II saId act Is not oI a serIous nature, tbe penaIty
sbaII be arresto menor or a IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos.

SectIon Two. - GeneraI provIsIons

Art. 360. Persons respons1b1e. - Any person wbo sbaII pubIIsb,
exbIbIt, or cause tbe pubIIcatIon or exbIbItIon oI any deIamatIon
In wrItIng or by sImIIar means, sbaII be responsIbIe Ior tbe same.
Tbe autbor or edItor oI a book or pampbIet, or tbe edItor or
busIness manager oI a daIIy newspaper, magazIne or serIaI
pubIIcatIon, sbaII be responsIbIe Ior tbe deIamatIons contaIned
tbereIn to tbe same extent as II be were tbe autbor tbereoI.
Tbe crImInaI and cIvII actIon Ior damages In cases oI wrItten
deIamatIons as provIded Ior In tbIs cbapter, sbaII be IIIed
sImuItaneousIy or separateIy wItb tbe court oI IIrst Instance oI
tbe provInce or cIty wbere tbe IIbeIous artIcIe Is prInted and IIrst
pubIIsbed or wbere any oI tbe oIIended partIes actuaIIy resIdes at
tbe tIme oI tbe commIssIon oI tbe oIIense: Prov1ded, ouever,
Tbat wbere one oI tbe oIIended partIes Is a pubIIc oIIIcer wbose
oIIIce Is In tbe CIty oI ManIIa at tbe tIme oI tbe commIssIon oI
tbe oIIense, tbe actIon sbaII be IIIed In tbe Court oI FIrst Instance
oI tbe CIty oI ManIIa, or oI tbe cIty or provInce wbere tbe IIbeIous
artIcIe Is prInted and IIrst pubIIsbed, and In case sucb pubIIc
oIIIcer does not boId oIIIce In tbe CIty oI ManIIa, tbe actIon sbaII
be IIIed In tbe Court oI FIrst Instance oI tbe provInce or cIty
wbere be beId oIIIce at tbe tIme oI tbe commIssIon oI tbe oIIense
or wbere tbe IIbeIous artIcIe Is prInted and IIrst pubIIsbed and In
case one oI tbe oIIended partIes Is a prIvate IndIvIduaI, tbe actIon
sbaII be IIIed In tbe Court oI FIrst Instance oI tbe provInce or cIty
wbere be actuaIIy resIdes at tbe tIme oI tbe commIssIon oI tbe
oIIense or wbere tbe IIbeIous matter Is prInted and IIrst
pubIIsbed: Prov1ded, ]ur1er, Tbat tbe cIvII actIon sbaII be IIIed In
tbe same court wbere tbe crImInaI actIon Is IIIed and vIce
versa: Prov1ded, ]ur1ermore, Tbat tbe court wbere tbe crImInaI
actIon or cIvII actIon Ior damages Is IIrst IIIed, sbaII acquIre
jurIsdIctIon to tbe excIusIon oI otber courts: And, provIded,
IInaIIy, Tbat tbIs amendment sbaII not appIy to cases oI wrItten
deIamatIons, tbe cIvII andJor crImInaI actIons wbIcb bave been
IIIed In court at tbe tIme oI tbe eIIectIvIty oI tbIs Iaw.
PreIImInary InvestIgatIon oI crImInaI actIon Ior wrItten
deIamatIons as provIded Ior In tbe cbapter sbaII be conducted by
tbe provIncIaI or cIty IIscaI oI tbe provInce or cIty, or by tbe
munIcIpaI court oI tbe cIty or capItaI oI tbe provInce wbere sucb
actIon may be InstItuted In accordance wItb tbe provIsIons oI tbIs
artIcIe.
No crImInaI actIon Ior deIamatIon wbIcb consIsts In tbe
ImputatIon oI a crIme wbIcb cannot be prosecuted de oIIcIo sbaII
be brougbt except at tbe Instance oI and upon compIaInt
expressIy IIIed by tbe oIIended party. (As amended by R.A. 12S9, approved
June 1S, 19SS, R.A. 4363, approved June 19, 196S).

Art. 361. Proo] o] 1e 1ru1. - In every crImInaI prosecutIon Ior
IIbeI, tbe trutb may be gIven In evIdence to tbe court and II It
appears tbat tbe matter cbarged as IIbeIous Is true, and,
moreover, tbat It was pubIIsbed wItb good motIves and Ior
justIIIabIe ends, tbe deIendants sbaII be acquItted.
ProoI oI tbe trutb oI an ImputatIon oI an act or omIssIon not
constItutIng a crIme sbaII not be admItted, unIess tbe ImputatIon
sbaII bave been made agaInst Government empIoyees wItb respect
to Iacts reIated to tbe dIscbarge oI tbeIr oIIIcIaI dutIes.
In sucb cases II tbe deIendant proves tbe trutb oI tbe ImputatIon
made by bIm, be sbaII be acquItted.
Art. 362. L1be1ous remorKs. - LIbeIous remarks or comments
connected wItb tbe matter prIvIIeged under tbe provIsIons oI
ArtIcIe 3S4, II made wItb maIIce, sbaII not exempt tbe autbor
tbereoI nor tbe edItor or managIng edItor oI a newspaper Irom
crImInaI IIabIIIty.

Cbapter Two
INCRIMINATORY MACHINATIONS

Art. 363. 1nor1m1no11ng 1nnooen1 person. - Any person wbo, by
any act not constItutIng perjury, sbaII dIrectIy IncrImInate or
Impute to an Innocent person tbe commIssIon oI a crIme, sbaII be
punIsbed by arresto menor.
Art. 364. 1n1r1gu1ng ogo1ns1 onor. - Tbe penaIty oI arresto
menor or IIne not exceedIng 200 pesos sbaII be Imposed Ior any
IntrIgue wbIcb bas Ior Its prIncIpaI purpose to bIemIsb tbe bonor
or reputatIon oI a person.

TItIe Fourteen

QUASI-OFFENSES

SoIe Cbapter
CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE

Art. 36S. 1mprudenoe ond neg11genoe. - Any person wbo, by
reckIess Imprudence, sbaII commIt any act wbIcb, bad It been
IntentIonaI, wouId constItute a grave IeIony, sbaII suIIer tbe
penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its maxImum perIod to prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its medIum perIod; II It wouId bave constItuted a
Iess grave IeIony, tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its mInImum
and medIum perIods sbaII be Imposed; II It wouId bave
constItuted a IIgbt IeIony, tbe penaIty oI arresto menor In Its
maxImum perIod sbaII be Imposed.
Any person wbo, by sImpIe Imprudence or negIIgence, sbaII
commIt an act wbIcb wouId otberwIse constItute a grave IeIony,
sbaII suIIer tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its medIum and
maxImum perIods; II It wouId bave constItuted a Iess serIous
IeIony, tbe penaIty oI arresto mayor In Its mInImum perIod sbaII
be Imposed.
Wben tbe executIon oI tbe act covered by tbIs artIcIe sbaII bave
onIy resuIted In damage to tbe property oI anotber, tbe oIIender
sbaII be punIsbed by a IIne rangIng Irom an amount equaI to tbe
vaIue oI saId damages to tbree tImes sucb vaIue, but wbIcb sbaII
In no case be Iess tban twenty-IIve pesos.
A IIne not exceedIng two bundred pesos and censure sbaII be
Imposed upon any person wbo, by sImpIe Imprudence or
negIIgence, sbaII cause some wrong wbIcb, II done maIIcIousIy,
wouId bave constItuted a IIgbt IeIony.
In tbe ImposItIon oI tbese penaItIes, tbe court sbaII exercIse tbeIr
sound dIscretIon, wItbout regard to tbe ruIes prescrIbed In ArtIcIe
sIxty-Iour.
Tbe provIsIons contaIned In tbIs artIcIe sbaII not be appIIcabIe:
1. Wben tbe penaIty provIded Ior tbe oIIense Is equaI to or
Iower tban tbose provIded In tbe IIrst two paragrapbs oI tbIs
artIcIe, In wbIcb case tbe court sbaII Impose tbe penaIty
next Iower In degree tban tbat wbIcb sbouId be Imposed In
tbe perIod wbIcb tbey may deem proper to appIy.
2. Wben, by Imprudence or negIIgence and wItb vIoIatIon oI
tbe AutomobIIe Law, to deatb oI a person sbaII be caused, In
wbIcb case tbe deIendant sbaII be punIsbed by prIsIon
correccIonaI In Its medIum and maxImum perIods.
ReckIess Imprudence consIsts In voIuntary, but wItbout maIIce,
doIng or IaIIIng to do an act Irom wbIcb materIaI damage resuIts
by reason oI InexcusabIe Iack oI precautIon on tbe part oI tbe
person perIormIng oI IaIIIng to perIorm sucb act, takIng Into
consIderatIon bIs empIoyment or occupatIon, degree oI
InteIIIgence, pbysIcaI condItIon and otber cIrcumstances
regardIng persons, tIme and pIace.
SImpIe Imprudence consIsts In tbe Iack oI precautIon dIspIayed In
tbose cases In wbIcb tbe damage ImpendIng to be caused Is not
ImmedIate nor tbe danger cIearIy manIIest.
Tbe penaIty next bIgber In degree to tbose provIded Ior In tbIs
artIcIe sbaII be Imposed upon tbe oIIender wbo IaIIs to Iend on
tbe spot to tbe Injured partIes sucb beIp as may be In tbIs band
to gIve. (As amended by R.A. 1?90, approved June 21, 19S?).

FINAL PROVISIONS

Art. 366. App11oo11on o] 1ous enoo1ed pr1or 1o 11s Code. -
WItbout prejudIce to tbe provIsIons contaIned In ArtIcIe 22 oI tbIs
Code, IeIonIes and mIsdemeanors, commItted prIor to tbe date oI
eIIectIveness oI tbIs Code sbaII be punIsbed In accordance wItb
tbe Code or Acts In Iorce at tbe tIme oI tbeIr commIssIon.
Art. 36?. Repeo11ng C1ouse. - Except as Is provIded In tbe next
precedIng artIcIe, tbe present PenaI Code, tbe ProvIsIonaI Law Ior
tbe appIIcatIon oI Its provIsIons, and Acts Nos. 2??, 2S2 ,4S0,
S1S, S19, S99, 1121, 143S, 1S23, 1SS9, 1692, 1?S4, 19SS, 1??3,
2020, 2036, 20?1, 2142, 2212, 2293, 229S, 2300, 2364, 2S49,
2SS?, 2S9S, 2609, 2?1S, 3103, 319S, 3244, 329S, 3309, 3313,
339?, 3SS9, and 3SS6, are bereby repeaIed.
Tbe provIsIons oI tbe Acts wbIcb are mentIoned bereunder are
aIso repeaIed, nameIy:
Act 666, SectIons 6 and 1S.
Act 1S0S, SectIons 9, 10, 11, and 12.
Act 1S24, SectIons 1, 2, and 6.
Act 169?, SectIons 3 and 4.
Act 1?S?, SectIons 1, 2, 3, 4, S, 6, ?, (IIrst cIause), 11, and
12.
Act 23S1, SectIons 2, 3, 4, 6, S, and 9.
Act 2?11, SectIons 102, 26?0, 26?1, and 26?2. cban robIes vIrtuaI Iaw
IIbrary
Act 324?, SectIons 1, 2, 3, and S; and GeneraI Order, No. SS,
serIes oI 1900, SectIon 106.
And aII Iaws and parts oI Iaws wbIcb are contrary to tbe
provIsIons oI tbIs Code are bereby repeaIed.

Approved: December S, 1930


TItIe oI acts repeaIed by tbe RevIsed PenaI Code are:
1. Act No. 2??. Law on LIbeI and tbreats to pubIIsb IIbeI,
etc., now provIded Ior In Arts. 3S3, 362.
2. Act No. 292, amended by Act No. 1692. Law deIInIng and
penaIIzIng tbe crImes oI treason, InsurrectIon, sedItIon, etc.,
now provIded Ior In Arts. 114-116 and Arts 134-142.
3. Act No. 4S0. Law governIng cockIIgbtIng and cockpIts,
now governed by Art. 199 and specIaI Iaws.
4. Act No. S1S, amended by Act Nos. 1121 and 2036. Law
deIInIng and penaIIzIng bIgbway robbery or brIgandage, now
covered by Arts. 306-30?.
S. Act No. S19. Law on vagrancy now penaIIzed by Art. 202.
6. Act No. 666, Secs. and 6 and 1S. Law on trade-marks and
trade-names now provIded Ior In Arts. 1SS-1S9.
?. Act No. S99, Law regardIng suspensIon on sentence, etc.,
upon U.S. cItIzens.
S. Act No. 143S, amended by Act Nos. 3203, 3309, and 3SS9,
provIsIons governIng juvenIIe oIIenders and deIInquent
cbIIdren, tbeIr care and custody, now governed by Art. S0.
9. Act No. 1S0S, Secs. 9, 10, 11, and 12. Tbe CbatteI
Mortgage Law, now penaIIzed In Art. 319.
10. Act No. 1S23. Law probIbItIng ImportatIon, saIe etc., oI
Iottery tIckets and Iottery, now penaIIzed In Arts. 19S-196.
11. Act No. 1S24. Sec. 4. Law governIng dIscretIon oI
Governor-GeneraI In grantIng condItIonaI pardons, now
covered by Art. 1S9.
12. Act No. 1SS33, Secs. 1, 2, and 6 amended by Act No.
1SS9. Law provIdIng Ior dImInutIon oI sentences by reason
oI good conduct and dIIIgence, now governed by Art. 9?.cban
robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
13. Act No. 169?, Secs. 3 and 4. Act Ior tbe punIsbment oI
perjury In oIIIcIaI InvestIgatIons, now provIded Ior In Arts.
1S0-1S3.
14. Act No. 1?S4. Law on counterIeItIng and Iorgery, now
deIIned and penaIIzed In Arts. 160-169.
1S. Act No. 1??S. Act penaIIzIng crImes agaInst IegIsIatIve
bodIes, now provIded Ior In Arts. 143-14S.
16. Act No. 1?S?. Secs. 1, 2, 3, 4, S, 6, ?, (IIrst cIause), 11
and 12 amended by Act No. 3242. Act probIbItIng gambIIng,
now provIded Ior In Arts. 19S-199.
1?. Act No. 11?3. Law on tbe crIme oI aduIterIo, estupro,
rapto, vIoIacIon, caIumnIa, InjurIa, etc., now governed by
Arts. 333-346.
1S. Act Nos. 20?1 and 2300. Act governIng sIavery,
InvoIuntary servItude, peonage, and tbe saIe or purcbase oI
buman beIngs, now penaIIzed In Arts. 2?2-2?4.
19. Act No. 2212. Act provIdIng Ior tbe conIIscatIon and
dIsposItIon oI money, artIcIes, Instruments, appIIances and
devIces In gambIIng, now provIded Ior In Art. 4S.
20. Act No. 293. Act penaIIzIng wIIIIuI destructIon, Injury, or
takIng or carryIng away any property oI tbe PbIIIppIne
LIbrary, now provIded Ior In Art. 311.
21. Act No. 2364. Act penaIIzIng InIIdeIIty In tbe custody oI
prIsoners detaIned Ior or a convIcted oI a crIme, now
governed by Arts. 223-22S.
22. Act No. 23S1. Secs. 2, 3, 4, S, 6, S, and 9. Act restrIctIng
tbe use oI opIum, etc., now provIded Ior In Arts. 190-194.
23. Act No. 2S49. Act probIbItIng tbe IorcIng, compeIIIng, or
obIIgIng oI any Iaborer or otber empIoyee to purcbase
mercbandIse, commodItIes, or personaI property under
certaIn condItIons, and tbe payment oI wages oI a Iaborer or
empIoyee by means oI tokens or objects otber tban IegaI
tender currency, now penaIIzed by Art. 2SS, and aIso
governed by Com. Act No. 303 and tbe MInImum Wage Law,
Rep. Act No. 602, as amended by Rep. Act. No. S12.cban robIes
vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary
24. Act No. 2SS?. Act provIdIng Ior tbe aIIowance to persons
convIcted oI preventIve ImprIsonment, etc., now embodIed
In Art. 29.
2S. Act No. 2S9S. Law IIxIng prescrIptIon oI tbe crIme oI
IIbeI and oI a cIvII actIon arIsIng tbereIrom, now provIded In
Art. 90.
26. Act No. 2?11, Secs. 102, 26?0, 26?1, and 26?2. Act
amendIng tbe RevIsed AdmInIstratIve Code.
2?. Act No. 3104 amendIng Acts 2?26. Law governIng
manner In wbIcb tbe deatb penaIty sbaII be executed, now
embodIed In Arts. 1S-SS.
2S. Act No. 3SS6 and 339?. Law governIng babItuaI
deIInquency, now provIded In Art. 62, par. S.
29. GeneraI Orders No. SS, serIes oI 1900, Sec. 106. Code oI
CrImInaI Procedure.
30. Otber Iaws repeaIed by tbe RevIsed PenaI Code are Acts
Nos. 2030, 2142, 229S, 2?12, 319S, 3244, 329S, and 3313,
wbIcb are mereIy amendatory Iaws on tbe oId PenaI Code.cban
robIes vIrtuaI Iaw IIbrary

*******************************************
PRE8|0ENT|AL 0E6REE N0. 102
8|HPL|FY|NC AN0 PR0V|0|NC 8T|FFER PENALT|E8 F0R
V|0LAT|0N8 0F Ph|L|PP|NE CAHL|NC LAw8
whEREA8, Ph|||pp|ne Camb||ng Laws part|cu|ar|y Art|c|es 195-199, the Rev|sed Pena| 6ode,
Repub||c Act No. 303 (horse Rac|ng ook|es}, Pres|dent|a| 0ecree No. 499 (6ockf|ght|ng},
Pres|dent|a| 0ecree No. 483, (Came F|x|ng}, Pres|dent|a| 0ecree No., 519 (8|ot Hach|nes} and
Pres|dent|a| 0ecree No. 103 (Ja|-a|a| ook|es} and other 6|ty and Hun|c|pa| 0rd|nances gamb||ng
a|| over the country have become |neffect|ve and eas||y c|rcumvented |n v|ew of the confus|ng and
|nappropr|ate system of pena|t|es |mposed on v|o|at|ons thereof.
whEREA8, there |s an urgent need to update these gamb||ng |aws for s|mp||c|ty and c|earer
understand|ng and to standard|ze and prov|de st|ffer pena|t|es for the|r v|o|at|ons to make them
more effect|ve and respons|ve to the present norms of conduct and behav|or of the peop|e.
N0w, ThEREF0RE, |, FER0|NAN0 E. HAR608, Pres|dent of the Ph|||pp|nes, by v|rtue of the
powers vested |n me by the 6onst|tut|on and |n order to effect the des|red and necessary changes
and reforms |n the soc|a| and econom|c structure of our soc|ety, do hereby order and dec|are to be
part of the |aws of the |and, the fo||ow|ng:
8ec. 1. V|o|at|ons and Pena|t|es. - The pena|ty of pr|s|on mayor |n |ts med|um degree or a f|ne
rang|ng from F|ve hundred Pesos to Two Thousand Pesos and |n case of rec|d|v|sm the pena|ty of
pr|s|on correcc|ona| |n |ts med|um degree or a f|ne of rang|ng from 0ne Thousand Pesos to 8|x
Thousand Pesos sha|| be |mposed upon:
(a} Any person other than those referred to |n the succeed|ng subsect|on who |n any manner, sha||
d|rect|y or |nd|rect|y take part |n any game of cockf|ght|ng, jueteng, book|es (ja|- a|a| or horse rac|ng
to |nc|ude game f|x|ng} and other |otter|es, cara y cruz or pomp|ang and the ||ke, b|ack jack, |ucky
n|ne, "pusoy" or Russ|an Poker, monte, baccarat and other card games, pa|k que, dom|no,
mahjong, h|gh and |ow, s|ot mach|nes, rou||ette, p|nba|| and other mechan|ca| |nventor|es or
dev|ces, dog rac|ng, boat rac|ng, car ra|s|ng and other races, basketba||, vo||eyba||, box|ng, seven-
e|even d|ce games and the ||ke and other contests to |nc|ude game f|x|ng, po|nt shav|ng and other
mach|nat|ons bank|ng or percentage game, or any other game or scheme, whether upon chance or
sk|||, wh|ch do not have a franch|se from the nat|ona| government, where|n wagers cons|st|ng of
money, art|c|es of va|ue of representat|ve of va|ue are made;
(b} Any person who sha|| know|ng|y perm|t any form of gamb||ng referred to |n the preced|ng
subd|v|s|on to be carr|ed on |n |nhab|ted or un|nhab|ted p|aces or any bu||d|ng, vesse| or other
means of transportat|on owned or contro||ed by h|m. |f the p|ace where gamb||ng |s carr|ed on has a
reputat|on of a gamb||ng p|ace or that proh|b|ted gamb||ng |s frequent|y carr|ed on there|n or the
p|ace |s a pub||c or government bu||d|ng or barangay ha||, the cu|pr|t sha|| be pun|shed by the
pena|ty prov|ded for |n |ts max|mum per|od and a f|ne of 8|x Thousand Pesos.
The pena|ty of pr|s|on correcc|ona| |n |ts max|mum degree and a f|ne of 8|x Thousand Pesos sha||
be |mposed upon the ma|nta|ner, conductor of the above gamb||ng schemes.
The pena|ty of pr|s|on mayor |n |ts med|um degree and temporary abso|ute d|squa||f|cat|on and a
f|ne of 8|x Thousand Pesos sha|| be |mposed |f the ma|nta|ner, conductor or banker |s a
government off|c|a|, or |f a p|ayer, promoter, referee, ump|re, judge or coach |n cases of game-
f|x|ng, po|nt-shav|ng and other game mach|nat|on.
The pena|ty of pr|s|on correcc|ona| |n |ts med|um degree and a f|ne rang|ng from F|ve hundred
pesos to Two Thousand Pesos sha|| be |mposed upon any person who sha|| know|ng|y and w|thout
|awfu| purpose |n any hour of any day sha|| have |n h|s possess|on any |ottery ||st, paper, or other
matter conta|n|ng |etter, f|gures, s|gns or symbo|s wh|ch perta|n to or |n any manner used |n the
game of jueteng, ja|-a|a| or horse rac|ng book|es and s|m||ar game or |ottery wh|ch has taken p|ace
or about to take p|ace.
8ec. 2. arangay 0ff|c|a|. - Any barangay off|c|a| |n whose jur|sd|ct|on such gamb||ng house |s
found and wh|ch house has the reputat|on of a gamb||ng p|ace sha|| suffer the pena|ty of pr|s|on
correcc|ona| |n |ts med|um per|od and a f|ne rang|ng from F|ve hundred to Two Thousand Pesos
and temporary abso|ute d|squa||f|cat|ons.
8ec. 3. |nformer's Reward. - Any person who sha|| g|ve the |nformat|on that w||| |ead to the arrest
and f|na| conv|ct|on of the offender sha|| be rewarded an amount equ|va|ent to Twenty Per 6entum
(207} of the cash money conf|scated form the offender.
8ec. 4. Repea||ng 6|ause. - The prov|s|ons of Art|c|es 19, 197, 198 and 199 of the Rev|sed Pena|
6ode, as amended, Repub||c Act No. 303, Pres|dent|a| 0ecree Nos. 483, 499, 510, 130, Letter of
|nstruct|ons, |aws, execut|ve orders, ru|es and regu|at|ons, 6|ty and Hun|c|pa| 0rd|nances wh|ch
are |ncons|stent w|th th|s 0ecree are hereby repea|ed or accord|ng|y mod|f|ed.
8ec. 5. Effect|v|ty. - Th|s 0ecree sha|| take effect |mmed|ate|y upon pub||cat|on thereof by the
H|n|ster of the H|n|stry of Pub||c |nformat|on at |east once |n a newspaper of genera| c|rcu|at|on.
00NE |n the 6|ty of Han||a, th|s 11th day of June |n the year of 0ur Lord, n|neteen hundred and
seventy-e|ght.

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PRE8|0ENT|AL 0E6REE N0. 113

AHEN0|NC ThE LAw 0N AR80N
whEREA8, f|nd|ngs of the po||ce and |nte|||gence agenc|es of the government revea| that f|res and
other cr|mes |nvo|v|ng destruct|on |n Hetro Han||a and other urban centers |n the country are be|ng
perpetuated by cr|m|na| synd|cates, some of wh|ch have fore|gn connect|ons;
whEREA8, the current |aw on arson suffer from certa|n |nadequac|es that |mpede the successfu|
enforcement and prosecut|on of arson|sts;
whEREA8, |t |s |mperat|ve that the h|gh |nc|dence of f|res and other cr|mes |nvo|v|ng destruct|on
be prevented to protect the nat|ona| economy and preserve the soc|a| econom|c and po||t|ca|
stab|||ty of the country;
N0w, ThEREF0RE, |, FER0|NAN0 E. HAR608, Pres|dent of the Ph|||pp|nes, by v|rtue of the
powers vested |n me by the 6onst|tut|on do hereby order and decree as part of the |aw of the |and,
the fo||ow|ng:
8ec. 1. Arson. - Any person who burns or sets f|re to the property of another sha|| be pun|shed by
Pr|s|on mayor.
The same pena|ty sha|| be |mposed when a person sets f|re to h|s own property under
c|rcumstances wh|ch expose to danger the ||fe or property of another.
8ec. 2. 0estruct|ve Arson. - The pena|ty of Rec|us|on tempora| |n |ts max|mum per|od to Rec|us|on
perpetua sha|| be |mposed |f the property burned |s any of the fo||ow|ng:
1. Any ammun|t|on factory and other estab||shment where exp|os|ves, |nf|ammab|e or combust|b|e
mater|a|s are stored.
2. Any arch|ve, museum, whether pub||c or pr|vate or any ed|f|ce devoted to cu|ture, educat|on or
soc|a| serv|ces.
3. Any church or p|ace or worsh|p or other bu||d|ng where peop|e usua||y assemb|e.
4. Any tra|n, a|rp|ane or any a|rcraft, vesse| or watercraft, or conveyance for transportat|on of
persons or property.
5. Any bu||d|ng where ev|dence |s kept for use |n any |eg|s|at|ve, jud|c|a|, adm|n|strat|ve or other
off|c|a| proceed|ngs.
. Any hosp|ta|, hote|, dorm|tory, |odg|ng house, hous|ng tenement, shopp|ng center, pub||c or
pr|vate market, theater or mov|e house or any s|m||ar p|ace or bu||d|ng.
7. Any bu||d|ng, whether used as dwe|||ng or not, s|tuated |n a popu|ated or congested area.
8ec. 3. 0ther 6ases of Arson. - The pena|ty of Rec|us|on tempora| to Rec|us|on perpetua sha|| be
|mposed |f the property burned |s any of the fo||ow|ng:
1. Any bu||d|ng used as off|ces of the government or any of |ts agenc|es;
2. Any un|nhab|ted house or dwe|||ng;
3. Any |ndustr|a| estab||shment, sh|pyard, o|| we|| or m|ne shaft, p|atform or tunne|;
4. Any p|antat|on, farm, pasture|and, grow|ng crop, gra|n f||ed, orchard, bamboo grove or forest;
5. Any r|ce m|||, cane m||| or m||| centra|; and
. Any ra||way or bus stat|on, a|rport, wharf or warehouse.
8ec. 4. 8pec|a| Aggravat|ng 6|rcumstances |n Arson. - The pena|ty |n any case of arson sha|| be
|mposed |n |ts max|mum per|od:
1. |f comm|tted w|th |ntent to ga|n;
2. |f comm|tted for the benef|t of another;
3. |f the offender |s mot|vated by sp|te or hatred towards the owner or occupant of the property
burned;
4. |f comm|tted by a synd|cate.
The offense |s comm|tted by a synd|cate |f |t |s p|anned or carr|ed out by a group of three (3} or
more persons.
8ec. 5. where 0eath Resu|ts From Arson. - |f by reason of or on the occas|on of arson death
resu|ts, the pena|ty of Rec|us|on perpetua to death sha|| be |mposed.
8ec. . Pr|ma Fac|e Ev|dence of Arson. - Any of the fo||ow|ng c|rcumstances sha|| const|tute pr|ma
fac|e ev|dence of arson:
1. |f the f|re started s|mu|taneous|y |n more than one part of the bu||d|ng or estab||shment.
2. |f substant|a| amount of f|ammab|e substances or mater|a|s are stored w|th|n the bu||d|ng not
necessary |n the bus|ness of the offender nor for househo|d use.
3. Caso||ne, kerosene, petro|eum or other f|ammab|e or combust|b|e substances or mater|a|s
soaked therew|th or conta|ners, thereof, or any mechan|ca|, e|ectr|ca|, chem|ca|, or e|ectron|c
contr|vance des|gned to start a f|re, or ashes or traces of any of the forego|ng are found |n the ru|ns
or prem|ses of the burned bu||d|ng or property.
4. |f the bu||d|ng or property |s |nsured for substant|a||y more than |ts actua| va|ue at the t|me of the
|ssuance of the po||cy.
5. |f dur|ng the ||fet|me of the correspond|ng f|re |nsurance po||cy more than two f|res have
occurred |n the same or other prem|ses owned or under the contro| of the offender and|or |nsured.
. |f short|y before the f|re a substant|a| port|on of the effects |nsured and stored |n bu||d|ng or
property had been w|thdrawn from the prem|ses except |n the ord|nary course of bus|ness.
7. |f a demand for money or other va|uab|e cons|derat|on was made before the f|re |n exchange for
the des|stance of the offender or for the safety of other person or property of the v|ct|m.
8ec. 7. 6onsp|racy to 6omm|t Arson. - 6onsp|racy to comm|t arson sha|| be pun|shed by pr|s|on
mayor |n |ts m|n|mum per|od.
8ec. 8. 6onf|scat|on of 0bject of Arson. - The bu||d|ng wh|ch |s the object of arson |nc|ud|ng the
|and on wh|ch |t |s s|tuated sha|| be conf|scated and escheated to the 8tate, un|ess the owner
thereof can prove that he has no part|c|pat|on |n nor know|edge of such arson desp|te the exerc|se
of due d|||gence on h|s part.
8ec. 9. Repea||ng 6|ause. - The prov|s|ons of Art|c|es 320 to 32- of the Rev|sed Pena| 6ode and
a|| |aws, execut|ve orders, ru|es and regu|at|ons, or parts thereof, |ncons|stent w|th the prov|s|ons
of th|s 0ecree are hereby repea|ed or amended accord|ng|y.
8ec. 10. Effect|v|ty. - Th|s 0ecree sha|| take effect |mmed|ate|y upon pub||cat|on thereof at |east
once |n a newspaper of genera| c|rcu|at|on.
0one |n the 6|ty of Han||a th|s 7th day of Harch n|neteen hundred and seventy n|ne.


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PRE8|0ENT|AL 0E6REE N0. 1744
AHEN0|NC ART|6LE ThREE hUN0RE0 AN0 TwENTY 0F
ThE REV|8E0 PENAL 600E PR0V|8|0N8 0N AR80N
whEREA8, there have been rampant and wanton burn|ngs of res|dent|a| houses, pub||c bu||d|ngs,
markets, hote|s and other commerc|a| estab||shments;
whEREA8, to effect|ve|y d|scourage and deter the comm|ss|on of arson, and to prevent destruct|on
of propert|es and protect the ||ves of |nnocent peop|e, |t |s necessary that the cap|ta| pun|shment be
|mposed upon arson|sts;
N0w, ThEREF0RE, |, FER0|NAN0 E. HAR608, Pres|dent of the Ph|||pp|nes by v|rtue of the power
vested |n me by the 6onst|tut|on, do hereby order and decree that Art|c|e 320, Rev|sed Pena| 6ode
be amended:
8ec. 1. Art|c|e 320 of the Rev|sed Pena| 6ode sha|| read as fo||ows:
"Art. 320. 0estruct|ve Arson. - The pena|ty of rec|us|on tempora| |n |ts max|mum per|od to death
sha|| be |mposed upon any person who sha|| burn:
1. 0ne (1} or more bu||d|ngs or ed|f|ces, consequent to one s|ng|e act of burn|ng or as a resu|t of
s|mu|taneous burn|ngs, or comm|tted on severa| or d|fferent occas|ons;
2. Any bu||d|ng of pub||c or pr|vate ownersh|p, devoted to the pub||c |n genera| or where peop|e
usua||y gather or congregate for a def|n|te purpose such as but not ||m|ted to off|c|a| governmenta|
funct|on or bus|ness, pr|vate transact|on, commerce, trade workshop, meet|ngs and conferences,
or mere|y |nc|denta| to a def|n|te purpose such as but not ||m|ted to hote|s, mote|s, trans|ent
dwe|||ngs, pub||c conveyance or stops or term|na|s, regard|ess of whether the offender had
know|edge that there are persons |n sa|d bu||d|ng or ed|f|ce at the t|me |t |s set on f|re and
regard|ess a|so of whether the bu||d|ng |s actua||y |nhab|ted or not.
3. Any tra|n or |ocomot|ve, sh|p or vesse|, a|rsh|p or a|rp|ane, devoted to transportat|on or
conveyance, or for pub||c use, enterta|nment or |e|sure.
4. Any bu||d|ng, factory, warehouse |nsta||at|on and any appurtenances thereto, wh|ch are devoted
to the serv|ce of pub||c ut|||t|es.
5. Any bu||d|ng the burn|ng of wh|ch |s for the purpose of concea||ng or destroy|ng ev|dence of
another v|o|at|on of |aw, or for the purpose of concea||ng bankruptcy or defraud|ng cred|tors or to
co||ect from |nsurance.
|rrespect|ve of the app||cat|on of the above enumerated qua||fy|ng c|rcumstances, the pena|ty of
death sha|| ||kew|se be |mposed when the arson |s perpetrated or comm|tted by two (2} or more
persons or by a group of persons, regard|ess of whether the|r purpose |s mere|y to burn or destroy
the bu||d|ng or the burn|ng mere|y const|tutes an overt act |n the comm|ss|on or another v|o|at|on
of |aw.
The pena|ty of rec|us|on tempora| |n |ts max|mum per|od to death sha|| a|so be |mposed upon any
person who sha|| burn:
1. Any arsena|, sh|pyard, storehouse or m|||tary powder or f|reworks factory, ord|nance,
storehouse, arch|ves or genera| museum of the government.
2. |n an |nhab|ted p|ace, any storehouse or factory of |nf|ammab|e or exp|os|ve mater|a|s.
|f as a consequence of h|s comm|ss|on of any of the acts pena||zed under th|s Art|c|e, death or
|njury resu|ts, or any va|uab|e documents, equ|pment, mach|ner|es, apparatus, or other va|uab|e
propert|es were burned or destroyed, the mandatory pena|ty of death sha|| be |mposed."
8ec. 2. Prov|s|ons of Art|c|es 320, 321 and 322 of the Rev|sed Pena| 6ode wh|ch are or may be
|ncons|stent herew|th are hereby repea|ed.
8ec. 3. Effect|v|ty. - Th|s 0ecree sha|| take effect |mmed|ate|y.
0one |n the 6|ty of Han||a, th|s 11th day of November, |n the year of 0ur Lord, n|neteen hundred
and e|ghty.

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The other prov|s|ons of Repub||c Act 433, approved 19, 195 are as fo||ows:
8ec. 2. |f any sect|on or sect|ons of th|s Act sha|| be dec|ared unconst|tut|ona| or |nva||d |t sha|| not
|nva||date the other sect|ons hereof.
8ec. 3. Th|s Act sha|| take effect on|y |f and when, w|th|n th|rty days from |ts approva|, the
newspapermen |n the Ph|||pp|nes sha|| organ|ze, and e|ect the members of, a Ph|||pp|ne Press
6ounc||, a pr|vate agency of the sa|d newspapermen, whose funct|on sha|| be to promu|gate a 6ode
of Eth|cs for them and the Ph|||pp|nes press, |nvest|gate v|o|at|ons thereof, and censure any
newspaperman or newspaper gu||ty of any v|o|at|on of the sa|d 6ode, and the fact that such
Ph|||pp|ne Press counc|| has been organ|zed and |ts members have been du|y e|ected |n
accordance herew|th sha|| be ascerta|ned and proc|a|med by the Pres|dent of the Ph|||pp|nes.