Lesson 1
GENERAL AND ABSTRACT SENSE/’DERECHO- the science of
moral laws founded on the rational nature of man that
governs his free activity
SPECIFIC AND CONCRETE SENSE/’LEY’- a rule of conduct,
just and obligatory, promulgated by legitimate authority,
and common observance and benefit.
Kinds of law are classified as follows:
As to PURPOSE:
1) Substantive Law – a law which creates, defines, and
regulates rights
2) Adjective Law- a law which provides the method of
aiding and protecting certain rights.
As to SCOPE:
1) GENERAL OR PUBLIC LAW- a law which applies to all of
the people of the state. Deals with issues that affect the
general public or state - society as a Whole.
• Some of the laws that its wide scope covers are:
o Administrative Law - laws that govern
government agencies
o Constitutional Laws are laws that protect citizens'
rights as afforded in the Constitution
o Criminal Laws are laws that relate to crime
o Municipal/City Laws are ordinances, regulations
and by-laws that govern a city or town
o International Laws are laws that oversee
relations between nations
2) SPECIAL OR PRIVATE LAW- law which relates to
particular persons or things of a class. Applies to any
circumstances relating to relationships between individuals
in a legal systemThis is also referred to as common law.
o Civil Law -the mass precepts which determines
and regulates those relations of assistance,
authority, and obedience for the protection of
private interest.
o Maritime Law – the law dealing with commerce
by sea.
o Mercantile Law- the law of commercial
transactions derived from the law of merchant.
o Subdivisions of Private Law
▪ Contract law
▪ Law of torts
▪ Property law
▪ Labor law
▪ Commercial law
▪ Corporations law
▪ Competition law
CHARACTERISTICS OF LAW
• It is a rule of conduct
• It is obligatory
• It is promulgated by legitimate
• It is of common observance
SOURCES OF LAW
• Material
o historical
• Formal
o Legislative
o Case-law
o Custom
CONSTITUTION- written instrument by which the
fundamental powers of the government are established,
limited and defined
TREATY- compact made between to or more independent
nations with a view to a public welfare.
CUSTOMS- consists of those habits and practices which
acknowledged and approved by the society as binding rules
of conduct.
LEGISLATION- consists in declaration of rules by a
competent authority.
THE MAIN SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE LAW:
• THE CONSTITUTION - the fundamental and
supreme law of the land
• STATUTES - including Acts of Congress, municipal
charters, municipal legislation, court rules, etc.
• TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS - these have the
same force of authority as statutes.
• JUDICIAL DECISIONS- only decisions of its Supreme
Court establish jurisprudence and are binding on
all other courts.
THE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
• The Executive branch- composed of the President
and the Vice President
• The Legislative branch- authorized to make laws,
alter, and repeal them through the power vested
in the Philippine Congress. This institution is
divided into the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
• The Judicial branch - holds the power to settle
controversies involving rights that are legally
demandable and enforceable. It is made up of a
Supreme Court and lowercourts.
TOURISM -defined as the activities of persons traveling to
and staying in places outside their usual environment .
TOURISM LAW- may be defined as a body of rules or
principles of action which deals with the
regulation involved in tourist travel and accommodation.
Lesson 2
CONSTITUTION- defined as the original and fundamental
principles of law by which a system of
government is created according to which country is
governed.
• For self-determination
➢ A constitution determined the people’s right
to govern themselves and recognize equal
rights of all
• To embody the civic spirit
➢ It contains the spirit, the hopes, the
aspirations, the expectations and desires of its
authors as well as the highest values of the
citizens.
• To provide legal framework and systems of
government
➢ It identifies the locus and boundaries of
authority and of people’s rights.
STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS OF THE PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE- introduces the constitution and the source of
sovereignty
Article I – National Territory- comprises the Philippine
archipelago and all other territories over which the
Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction.
Article II – Declaration of Principles and State Policies- lays
out the basic social and political creed of the Philippines
Article III – Bill of Rights- enumerates specific protections
against the abuse of state
Article IV – Citizenship- defines the citizenship of Filipinos.
It enumerates two kinds of citizens: natural-born citizens
and naturalized citizens.
Article V – Suffrage- mandates various age and residence
qualifications to vote and a system of secret ballots and
absentee voting.
Article VI – Legislative Department- provides for a
bicameral legislature called the Congress composed of the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
Article VII – Executive Department- provides for a
presidential form of government where the executive
power is vested on the President.
Article VIII – Judicial Department- vests the judicial power
upon the Supreme Court and other lower courts
Article IX – Constitutional Commissions- establishes three
constitutional commissions: The Civil Service Commission,
the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on
Audit
Article X – Local Government- pursues for local autonomy
and mandates Congress to enact a law for
the local government, now currently the Local Government
Code.
Article XI – Accountability of Public Officers- establishes
the Office of the Ombudsman which is responsible for
investigating and prosecuting government officials.
Article XII – National Economy and Patrimony- lays down
the goals and objectives of the Philippine government to
elevate the lives of Filipino people.
Article XIII – Social Justice and Human Rights- divulge the
utmost responsibility of the Congress to give the highest
priority in enactments which protects and enhances the
rights of all the people to human dignity
Article XIV – Education, Science and Technology, Arts,
Culture and Sports- protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.
Article XV – The Family- establishes the recognition of the
state on the Filipino family as the basic foundation of the
nation
Article XVI – General Provisions
Article XVII – Amendments or Revisions
Article XVIII – Transitory Provisions
LESSON 3
PUBLIC SECTOR- Organizations which are run by the
government.
Presidential Decree No. 189 (May 11, 1973) creating the
Department of Tourism
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (DOT)- is the primary policy,
planning, programming, coordinating and administrative
entity of the executive branch of government in the
development of the tourist industry, both domestic and
international.
OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:
TOURISM ACT OF 2009- a policy that acknowledges tourism
as an “indispensible element of national economy and an
industry of national interest and importance.”
AGENCIES AND CORPORATIONS ATTACHED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM
• Philippine Tourism Promotions Board (PTPB)
• Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority
(TIEZA) -Designate, regulate and supervise the Tourism
Enterprise Zones (TEZs) The TIEZA shall be the principal
agency responsible for the timely, effective and
efficient collection of travel taxes.
• Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC)- has
exclusive authority to operate or franchise out stores
and shops
• Intramuros Administration (IA)
• National Parks Development Committee (NPDC)
• Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF)
• Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA)
• Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving
(PCSSD) -It shall undertake measures to provide the
standard basic dive rules to all levels or kinds of divers,
Greenfield Tourism Zone – a new or pioneer development
as determined by the TIEZA.
Primary Tourism Enterprises – facilities and services that
are directly related to tourism.
TEZs can be classified as:
• Brownfield Tourism Zone- It refers to an area with
existing infrastructure
• Greenfield Tourism Zone- It refers to an area with
minimal or no existing infrastructure
CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM ENTERPRISE ZONES
• Cultural Heritage Tourism Zone – Areas that will
allow the tourist to experience activities that
represent the stories of the people living in the
area, past or present.
• Health and Wellness Tourism Zone –allow visitors
to avail of quality but affordable mainstream,
traditional, or alternative healthcare services
• Eco-Tourism Zone –allow visitors to experience a
form of sustainable tourism within a given natural
and/or cultural area
• General Leisure Tourism Zone –offer recreational
facilities that will have high visitor density.
• Mixed Use Tourism Zone – allow a combination of
some or all of the features of the aforementioned
zones within one area.
• National Historical Commission of the Philippines
(NHC)- promotion of Philippine history and cultural
heritage through research,dissemination,
conservation, sites management and heraldry
work.
• National Parks Development Committee (NPDC)-
to develop, preserve, and manage Rizal and Paco
Parks in Manila and other parks that may be
assigned to NPDC.
• National Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCAA)- the official government agency for culture
in the Philippines. It is the overall policy making
body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for
the preservation, development and promotion of
Philippine arts and culture
• Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)- the central
bank of the Philippines.
• National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA)- an independent cabinet- level agency of
the Philippine government responsible for
economic development and planning.
• Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation
(PAGCOR)- the Philippines' largest contributor of
revenue to the government after the Bureau of
Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs.
• Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR)- the primary government
agency responsible for the conservation,
management, development and proper use of the
country’s environment and natural resources.
• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)-
executive department of the Philippine
Government mandated to formulate policies,
implement programs and services, and serve as
the policy-coordinating arm of the Executive
Branch in the field of labor and employment.
• The Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH)- mandate to “be the State's engineering
and construction arm” and, as such.
• Department of Transportation (DOTr)-
responsible for the maintenance and expansion of
viable, efficient, and dependable transportation
systems
• Land Transportation Office (LTO)- responsible for
all land transportation in the Philippines.
• Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board (LTFRB)- responsible for promulgating,
administering, enforcing, and monitoring
compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of
public land transportation services.
• Toll Regulatory Board (TRB)- regulates all toll
roads.
• Philippine National Railways (PNR)- a state-
owned railway company, operating a single line of
track on Luzon.
• Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA)-responsible for
the construction, operation, maintenance and/or
lease of Manila Light Rail Transit System in the
Philippines.
• Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC)- a private
consortium organized in June 1995.
• Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)-
the national aviation authority of the Philippines
and is responsible for implementing policies on
civil aviation to assure safe, economic and efficient
air travel.
• Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)- a government
agency tasked to regulate, promote and develop
the economic aspect of air transportation in the
Philippines
• Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA)-
responsible for the management of the Ninoy
Aquino International Airport (NAIA).
• Clark International Airport- an international
airport located within the Clark Freeport Zone
between Angeles and Mabalacat in the province of
Pampanga.
• Mactan–Cebu International Airport- the second
busiest international airport in the Philippines.
• Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)- an
agency responsible for integrating the
development, promotion and regulation of the
maritime industry in the Philippines.
• Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)- an armed and
uniformed service tasked primarily with enforcing
laws within Philippine waters
• Philippine Ports Authority (PTA)- responsible for
financing,management and operations of public
ports
• Department Of Trade And Industry (DTI)- serves
as the primary coordinative, promotive, facilitative
and regulatory arm of government for the
country’s trade, industry and investment activities.
• Board of Investors (BOI)- responsible for the
regulation of investments in the Philippines.
• The Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)-
created to help promote investments in the
export-oriented manufacturing industry into the
country by assisting investors in registering and
facilitating their business operations and providing
tax incentives.
For purposes of this Act, the following
definitions shall apply to the following terms:
o Special Economic Zones (SEZ)– are
selected areas with highly developed or
which have the potential to be developed
o "Industrial Estate (IE)- refers to a tract of
land subdivided and developed according
to a comprehensive plan.
o "Export Processing Zone (EPZ)- a
specialized industrial estate located
physically and/or administratively outside
customs territory, predominantly
oriented to export production.
o Free Trade Zone- an isolated policed area
adjacent to a port of entry and/or airport
where imported goods may be unloaded
• Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)- tasked to
contribute to the enhancement of national security
and the protection of the territorial integrity and
national sovereignty
• Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)-
primarily assist the President in the exercise of general
supervision over local governments.
• Food and Drugs Administration (FDA)- created to
license, monitor, and regulate the flow of food, drugs,
cosmetics, medical devices, and household hazardous
waste in the Philippines. The FDA's main goal is to
ensure the health and safety of food and drugs made
available to the public.
• Bureau of Customs (BoC)- a Philippine government
agency under the Department of Finance.
Lesson 4
LAW ON COMMON CARRIERS
Article 1732
COMMON CARRIERS- are person, corporations, firms or
associations engaged in the business of carrying or
transporting passengers or goods or both, by land, water,
or air, for compensation, offering their services to the
public.
COMMON CARRIER is defined as one holding itself out to
the public as engaged in the transportation of freight or
passenger for hire.
PRIVATE CARRIER- hires out to deliver goods in particular
cases.
EXTRAORDINARY DILIGENCE- the standard of care required
of common carrier in bring safely its passengers from one
place to one another.
ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITY OF COMMON CARRIERS
The liability of common carriers can be enforced on the
following causes of action:
1) In case of death or injury caused to
passengers
2) In case of death or injury caused to a stranger
or pedestrian
CULPA AQUILIANA- act or omission which causes damages
to another, therebeing fault or negligence and there being
no pre-existing contractual relationship between the
parties.
CULPA CONTRACTUAL- “the fault or negligence incident in
the performance of an obligation which already existed,
and which increases the liability from such already existing
obligation
DAMAGES TORTS- refers to acts or omission causes
damage to another, there is being fault or negligence, is
obliged to pay for the damages done; Damages suffered by
the plaintiff; Fault or negligence of the defendant.
DAMAGES RECOVERABLE FROM COMMON CARRIERS
In an action on culpa contractual or culpa aquiliana, the
damages that are recoverable are as
follows (6 kinds of damages):
• Actual or compensatory
• Moral
• Nominal
• Temperate or moderate
• Liquidated
• Exemplary or corrective
CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGES
● Damages capable of pecuniary computation-
estimable which must be duly established or
proven as in actual or compensatory damages and
loss of property loss of earning capacity.
● Damages incapable of pecuniary estimation- no
proof is needed and the assessment is left to
discretion of the court.
● Exemplary or corrective damages - damages
imposed by way of example or correction for the
public good, in addition to the moral, temperate,
liquidated or compensatory damages
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) was
created in 2008 by virtue of Republic Act No. 9497 as
enacted into law last March 23, 2008. “an independent
regulatory body with quasi-judicial and quasi legislative
powers and possessing corporate attributes attached to the
Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC)
for the purpose of policy coordination”.
The corporate powers of CAAP are exercised by a governing
Board of Directors composed of eight (8) members, namely:
1) The Secretary of the Department of
Transportation and Communication as
Chairman
2) the CAAP Director-General
3) Labor and Employment as Members
4) Secretary of Tourism pursuant to R.A. 9593 or
the Tourism Act of 2009.
CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD (CAB)
Republic Act No. 776, as amended by Presidential Decree
No. 1462 mandates the CAB to REGULATE, PROMOTE and
DEVELOP the economic aspect of air transportation
REGISTRATION OF AIRCRAFT
Only aircraft owned by or leased to a citizen or citizens of
the Philippines, and which are not registered under laws of
any foreign country may be eligible for registration.
REGULATION OF THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY
• The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) was
created “to integrate the development, promotion
and regulation of the maritime industry in the
country.”
• Maritime Industry Development Program (MIDP)
REGULATION OF THE LAND TRANSPORTATION
• The Land Transportation Office (LTO) is tasked to
register motor vehicles, issue driver's /conductor's
licenses and permits, enforce transportation laws,
rules and regulations and adjudicate apprehension
cases.
● The Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB) is mandate is to
promulgate, administer, enforce, and monitor
compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of
public land transportation services.
Standard Requirements for Tourist Water Transport
● Restrooms
● Reception
● Refreshment and Dining Area
● Promenade Area
● Baggage Area
● Service and Staff
● Lighting
● Communication and Life Saving Equipment
Standard Requirements for Tourist Air Transport
● Life-saving devices
● Communication Equipment
SEATBELT LAW
● a seat belt law, Republic Act No. 8750, was
approved on August 5, 1999. The law took effect in
2000 and requires all public and private vehicles to
have their front seats equipped with seat belts.
LAW ON TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS
● Republic Act No. 8485, also known as The Animal
Welfare Act Of 1998, it shall be the duty of any
owner or operator of any land, air or water public
utility transporting pet, wildlife and all other
animals to provide in all cases adequate, clean and
sanitary facilities for the safe conveyance and
delivery thereof to their consignee at the place of
consignment.
LAW ON IMPORTATION OF VEHICLES
● The importation of brand-new motor vehicles shall
be allowed pursuant to Executive Order No. 264,
series of 1995 and Monetary Board Circular No.
92, series of 1995.
PUBLIC SERVICE LAW
● The Commonwealth Act No. 146 is also known as
the "Public Service Act."
● no public service shall operate in the Philippines
without possessing a valid and subsisting
certificate from the Public Service Commission
known as "certificate of public convenience,"
TRAFFIC LAWS
Republic Act No. 146 is a compilation of laws relative to
traffic rules and regulations.
● Restriction as to Speed
● Restrictions on Overtaking and Passing
● Right of Way
● Parking Prohibited in Specified Places
● Reckless Driving
● Driving or Parking on Sidewalk
● Driving While Under the Influence of Liquor or
Narcotic Drug
● Obstruction of Traffic
● Duty of Driver in Case of Accident
ANTI-DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVING ACT OF 2013-
recognizes the protection of life and property and the
promotion of the general welfare as essential for the
enjoyment of the blessing of democracy.
ARTICLES
● Article 1732. Common carriers are person,
corporations, firms or associations engaged in the
business of carrying or transporting passengers or
goods or both, by land, water, or air, for
compensation, offering their services to the public.
● Article 1733. Common carriers, from the nature of
their business and for reasons of public policy, are
bound to observe extraordinary diligence in the
vigilance over the goods and for the safety of the
passengers transported by them, according to all
the circumstances of each case.
● Article 1755. A common carrier is bound to carry
the passengers safely as far as human care and
foresight can provide, using the utmost diligence
of every cautious persons, with due regard for all
the circumstances.
● Article 1756. In case of death of or injuries to
passengers, common carriers are presumed to
have been at fault or to have acted negligently,
unless they prove that they observed
extraordinary diligence as prescribed in Article
1733 and 1755.
● Article 1757. The responsibility of a common
carrier for the safety of passengers as required in
Articles 1733 and 1755 cannot be dispensed with
or lessened by stipulation, by the posting of
notices, by statements on tickets, or otherwise.
● Article 1759. Common carriers are liable for the
death or injuries to passengers through the
negligence or willful acts of the former’s
employees, although such employees may have
acted beyond the scope of their authority or in
violation of the orders of the common carriers.
Lesson 5
Business entities engaged in the operation of tourist
accommodation establishment may be organized as a
single proprietorship, a partnership or a corporation.
• Hotel – a building, edifice or premises or a
completely independent part thereof, which is
used for the regular reception, accommodation or
lodging
• Resort –places with pleasant environment and
atmosphere conducive to comfort, healthful
relaxation and rest
• Tourist Inn – a lodging establishment catering to
transients
• Apartel –containing several independent and
furnished or semi-furnished apartments
• Pension house – a private or family-operated
tourist boarding house
• Motorist hotel (Motel) -primarily located along
the highway
GENERAL RULES ON THE OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT
OF RESORTS
• Maintenance and housekeeping- housekeeping
shall be of such a standard ensuring well-kept,
clean and pollution- free premises. Vermin control
program shall be regularly maintained in all areas
• Lifeguard and security- lifeguards duly accredited
by either the Philippine National Red Cross, the
Water Life Saving Association of the Philippines or
any recognized organization
• Medical Services- a physician depending on their
volume of operation and accessibility to hospital
or medical centers.
• Fire-fighting facilities- shall be provided in
accordance with the Fire Code of the Philippines.
• Appropriate signboards- shall be conspicuously
displayed outside the establishment showing
clearly the name and classification of the resort as
determined by the Department.
• Beach and Lakeside Resort- buoys shall be spread
within the area to be determined by the resort
owner or keeper as safe for swimming purposes
• Designated Area- Buoys shall be designated as the
area for swimming purposes, and no boat, banca
or other crafts shall be allowed to enter the areas
so designated.
• Precautionary Measures.
• Prohibited Acts and Practices.
Responsibilities of Accommodation Establishments
● Accommodation establishments must exercise due
diligence, not only in the selection of its
employees, but also in serving the needs of its
customers.
● Under Article 1170 of the New Civil Code, those in
the performance of their obligations, are guilty of
negligence, are liable for damage.
● Due diligence is the investigation or exercise of
care that a reasonable business or person is
normally expected to take before entering into an
agreement or contract with another party or an
act with a certain standard of care.
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
● The National Building Code of the Philippines
(NBCP) contains up-to- date and modern technical
knowledge on building design, construction, use,
occupancy and maintenance.
OTHER LAWS, RULES AND REGULATION VITAL IN
ENFORCING THE NATIONAL
BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
1. Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
(Presidential Decree No. 856)- No public
establishment shall be operated for public use
without a sanitary permit issued
2. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
(Republic Act No. 9003). An act providing for an
ecological solid waste management program,
creating the necessary institutional mechanisms
and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited
and providing penalties, appropriating funds
therefor, and for other purposes.
3. Fire Code of The Philippines (Presidential Decree
No. 1185)
4. Philippine Environment Code (Presidential Decree
No. 1152)
5. Environmental Impact Statement System
(Presidential Decree 1586)- aims to protect the
environment despite the increasing demand of
natural resources and development to attain
sustainability.
6. Disability Laws / Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR)- act to enhance the mobility of
disabled persons by requiring certain buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to
install facilities and other devices.
National Building Code of the Philippines (Republic Act
No. 654)- aims to ensure the developers will follow the
implementation of the latest technical knowledge on
building design, construction, occupancy, maintenance, and
use.
BUILDING PERMITS
● Section 301 of NBC. Building Permits.
No person, firm or corporation shall erect, construct, alter,
repair, move, convert or demolish any building or structure
without first obtaining a building permit
 ● Section 302 of NBC. Application for permits.
In order to obtain a building permit, the applicant shall file
an application therefor in writing and on the prescribed
form from the office of the Building Official.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR
OCCUPANCY
● Section 704 of NBC. Location of Property.
(a) General.
● No Building shall be constructed unless it adjoins
or has direct access to a public space yard or street
on at least one of its sides.
(b) Fire Resistance of Walls.
● Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and
opening protection
LIGHT AND VENTILATION
● Section 801 of NBC. General Requirements of
Light and Ventilation.
● Section 806 of NBC. Size and Dimensions of
Rooms.
● Section 807 of NBC. Air Space Requirements in
Determining the Size of Rooms.
● Section 808 of NBC. Window Openings.
● Section 811 of NBC. Artificial Ventilation.
SANITATION
● Section 901 of NBC. General.
shall be provided with adequate and potable water supply,
plumbing installation, and suitable wastewater treatment
or disposal system, storm water drainage, pest and vermin
control, noise abatement device, and such other measures
required for the protection and promotion of health of
persons occupying the premises and other living nearby.
GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
● Section 1201 of NBC. General Requirements.
Buildings proposed for construction shall comply with all
the regulations and specifications herein set forth
governing quality, characteristics and properties of
materials, methods of design and construction, type of
occupancy and classification.
HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES GOVERNING THE
OPERATIONS OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS
UNDER THE NEW NORMAL
This is under Republic Act (RA) No. 11469 or the Bayanihan
To Heal as One Act, the President is authorized to direct the
operation of establishments to carry out the declared
national policy of mitigating the transmission of COVID–19
OPERATIONS UNDER THE NEW NORMAL
Section 5. Guest Handling Policy
Section 6. Reception and Concierge
Section 7. Rooms and Housekeeping
a) Room Occupancy Policy
b) Housekeeping Staff
c) Room Decontamination
d) Linen Decontamination Procedure in
accordance with DOH Guidelines
Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act Of 2009 (Republic Act
No. 9995)
● An Act defining And penalizing the Crime of Photo
and Video Voyeurism, Prescribing Penalties
therefor, and for other Purposes
● The Republic Act No. 9995, penalizes “photo or
video voyeurism” which means the act of taking
photo or video coverage of a person or group of
persons performing sexual act or any
similaractivity or of capturing an image of the
private area of a person without the latter’s
consent.
● The State values the dignity and privacy of every
human person and guarantees full respect for
human rights. Toward this end, the State shall
penalize acts that would destroy the honor, dignity
and integrity of a person.
Section 4. Prohibited Acts. - It is hereby prohibited and
declared unlawful for any person:
(a) To take photo or video coverage of a person or
group of persons performing sexual act
(b) To copy or reproduce, or to cause to be copied or
reproduced such photo or video or recording of
sexual act
(c) To sell or distribute, or cause to be sold or
distributed, such photo or video or recording of
sexual act
(d) To publish or broadcast, or cause to be published
or broadcast, whether in print or broadcast media,
or show or exhibit the photo or video coverage or
recordings of such sexual act