CHAPTER13 Probability - I

CHAPTER ANALYSIS

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Topic I 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Introduction
Random Experiments I
Event I I I
Axiomatic Approach to
Probability

QUESTIONS
l. If the integers 111 and n are chosen at random between I (A) P(E') + P(P) (B) (£') - P(F)
and I 00, then the probability that a number of the form (C) P(E')- P(F) (D) P(E) - P(P')
7"' + 7" is divisible by 5 equals (IJT JEE 2007 Papcr-2)
(A) 1/ 4 (B) I /7
4. Consider the system of equations ax + bv = 0, ex + dy
(C) l/ 8 (D) I I 49 = 0, where a, b, c, d E {O, I}.
(IJT JEE 1999) Statement I: The probability that the system of
equations has a unique solution is 3/8.
2. Lei H, . ... , H,, be mutually exclusive and exhaustive
events with P(H) > 0, i = 1, 2, ... , n. Let£ be any other and
event with O < P(E) < I. Statement 2: The probability that the system of
Statement-I: P(H; I £) > P(E I H,)P(H) for i = I, equations has a solution is I.
2, ... , 11 (A) Statement-I is True, Statement-2 is True; Stale-
because ment-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
n
Statcment-2: I P(HJ = I.
(B) Statement- I is True, Statement-2 is True; State-
ment-2 is not a correct explanation for State-
i=I

{A) St::itement-1 is Trne, Srntement-2 is Trne; Stilte- ment-I.

ment-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-I. (C) Statement-I is True, Statement-2 is False.
(B) Statement- I is True, Statement-2 is True; State- (D) Statement- I is False, Statement-2 is Trne.
ment-2 is not a correct explanation for State- (HT JEE 2008 Paper-I)
ment- I.
5. An experiment has 10 equally likely outcomes. Let A
(C) Statement- I is Tme, Statement-2 is False. and B be two non-empty events of the experiment. If
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-2 is True. A consists of 4 outcomes, the number of outcomes that
(IIT JEE 2007 Paper-I) B must have so that A and B are independent is
3. Let Ee denote the complement of an event £. Let E, F, (A) 2, 4 or 8 (B) 3, 6 or 9
G be pairwise independent events with P(G) > 0 and (C) 4 or 8 (D) 5 or I 0
P(EnFnC)=0. Then P(E' nF' IC) equals (HT JEE 2008 Paper-2)
6. Four fair dice D 1, D2 , D3 and D4 , each having six faces 8. The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be
numbered I, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, are rolled simultaneously. tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two
The probability that D4 shows a number appearing on heads is at least 0. 96, is _ _.
one of D 1, D 2 and D3 is (JEE Advanced 201511 aper-l)
91 108 9. Three randomly chosen nonnegative integers x, y and z
(A) - (B) -
216 216 arc found to satisfy the equation x + y + z = I 0. Then, the
125 127 probability that z is even is
(C) - (D)
216 216 (A) 36/ 55 (B) 6/11
(IIT JEE 2012 Paper-2) (C) l/2 (D) 5/11
7. Three boys and two girls stand in a queue. The probabil- (JEE Advanced 2017 Paper-2)
ity that the number of boys ahead of every girl is at least
one more then the number of girls ahead of her is
I I
(A) - (B) -
2 3
2 3
(C) - (D)
3 4
(JEE Advanced 2014 Paper-2)

ANSWER KEV

l. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (8) 5. (D) 6. (A) 7. (A) 8. 8 9. (8)

ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS

I. Topic: Random Experiments If P(H;nE) -:t- 0 Vi= I, 2, 3, ... , 11, then

For 7"' + 7" to be divisible by 5 the last digit of the num-
ber should be Oor 5. p(H,) = P(H,11£) x P(H,)
The last digit for 7" are I, 3, 7, 9. Thus, m and 11 should r: JJ(H;) JJ(i:.,')
be as follows:
P(E I H,) x P(H;)
m=4p, n =4p + 2
P(E)
m = 4p + I, n =4p + 3
>P(EIH;)xP(H,)
m =4p + 2, n=4p
m =4p+ 3, n =4p + I Hence, Statement-I is not always true.
There are 25 possible values of 11 for a given 111. There- Statement-2: Clearly, we can write as
fore, the required probability is H 1 uH 2 uH 3 u ... uH,, =S
I00x 25
P=---
I00x 100 4
Answer (A) I fence, Statement-2 is true.
2. Topic: Event Answer (D)

Statement-I: lf P(H,nE) =0 for some i, then 3. Topic: Event

We have
p(H')=P( E·J=O P(E' nFIC)
E lH,
 That is, 6. Topic: Event
The required probability is
P'E< nFclG)= P(E' nF' nG)
( P(G) 3
I - 6 •5 = l - 125 = -2..!._
4
P(G)- P(G n £)- P(G n F) 6 216 216

+P(EnFnG) Answer (A)

P(G) 7. Topic: Event
P(G)- P(G)P( £) - P( G)P( F) According to question, the following possibilities exist:
P(C) Case 1:
GI Bl G2 B2 BJ
=1-P(E)-P(F)
Bl GI B2 G2 B,
= P(E°)-P(F)
GI Bl B2 G2 BJ
Answer (C) Girls separate.
4. Topic: Event
We have the system of equations:
Out of 3 gaps, 2 are selected and the girls are standing
ax+by= 0
there in 3C,\ ways.
cx+dy=0
Since the system of homogeneous equation always have
Next, boys and girls permute separately in lJ x l1 ways.
solution, Statement-2 is true. Now, Thus, the numberofways = 3C2 x lJ x l1 = 3 x 6 x 2 = 36.
Case 2:
~=la bl and a,b,c,dE{0,1}
C d GI 02 Bl Bl BJ
= ad-he Bl GI Gl Bl BJ

The number of possible ways of selecting a, b, c, d from B 1 B2 G 1 G2 B1 (Not possible)

the set {0, I } is Girls together.
2x2x2x2=16 2
Hence, the Places selected in C1 = 2 ways (gaps) and
If the system has unique solution, ~ '1:- 0, we get the then permutation is ll x [l ways,
following:
Therefore, number of ways 2C1 x lJ x l1 = 2 x 6 x 2 = 24
Either ad= l,hc=0orad=O,bc= I w,iys.
Favourable cases = 6 .. 36+24 60 I
Therefore, probab1hty = - - - = - =-
Hence, the probability that system of equation has ~ 120 2
unique solution is Answer (A)
6 3
-=- 8. Topic: Event
16 8
Letx =no.of times the coin tossed. Therefore, P (at least
Answer (B) 2 heads)<': 0.96.
5. Topic: Event ⇒ (I - f'(U head)-f'(l head))<': U.96
We have
P(A n B) = P(A)· P(B)

4
=-X-=-~
x 2x I 5
10 10 10
⇒
n
I .
, 2x l----<':0.96
That 1s, - is a positive integer. Therefore, x = 5 or 10. 2" 2"
5
⇒
Answer (D)
 11+1<_!_ Suppose z is even, let z = 2k. Thus,
⇒
2" - 25 x+y+2k= 10 ⇒ x+y= 10-2k
⇒ 25n + 25 :s; 2" Then, the total number of non-negative solutions is
⇒ 11 ~ 8 given by
Therefore, the least value of n = 8. 11 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 = 36
Answer (8) (Since fork= 0, I, 2, 3, 4, 5, we have
9. Topic: Random Experiments 111 21 2 1
- ' - c2-1 =II ucl solutions)
It is given that integers x, y and z satisfy the equation 36 6
x+y+z= 10 Therefore, the probability that 2 is even = - = -
66 11
Total number of non-negative integers satisfying this
equation is Answer (B)

100-1 C, = 12c = ~ = ~ = 66
,-I 2 10!2! 2