72 CBSE New Pattern ~ Mathematics XI (Term I)

05
Straight Lines
Quick Revision
Distance Formula ● If the points ( x 1 , y 1 ), ( x 2 , y 2 ) and ( x 3 , y 3 ) are
The distance between two points A ( x 1 , y 1 ) and collinear, then
B ( x 2 , y 2 ) is given by x 1 ( y 2 − y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 − y 1 ) + x 3 ( y 1 − y 2 ) = 0.
AB = ( x 2 − x 1 )2 + ( y 2 − y 1 )2 .
● The coordinates of centroid of the triangle whose
vertices are ( x 1, y 1 ), ( x 2, y 2 ) and ( x 3, y 3 ), is given
The distance of a point A ( x , y ) from the origin  x + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 
by  1 , .
O (0, 0 ) is given by OA = x 2 + y 2 .  3 3 
Three points A, B and C are collinear i.e. in same Locus of a Point
straight line, if AB + BC = AC or AC + CB = AB or
The curve described by a moving point under
BA + AC = BC .
given geometrical conditions is called the locus of
Section Formulae that point.
● The coordinates of the point which divides the Slope or Gradient of a Line
joining of ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) in the ratio m : n If θ is the angle of inclination of a line l , then tan θ
 mx + nx 1 my 2 + ny 1  is called the slope or gradient of the line l and it is
internally, is  2 , 
 m +n m +n  denoted by m.
i.e. m = tan θ
 mx − nx 1 my 2 − ny 1 
and externally is  2 , . The slope of X -axis is zero and slope of Y -axis is
 m −n m −n 
not defined.
● The coordinates of the mid-point of the joining
Slope of a Line Joining Two Points
 x + x 2 y1 + y 2 
of ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) is  1 , . The slope of a line passing through points P ( x 1 , y 1 )
 2 2 
y − y1
Area of a Triangle and Q ( x 2 , y 2 ) is given by m = tan θ = 2
x 2 − x1
● If A ( x 1 , y 1 ), B ( x 2 , y 2 ) and C ( x 3 , y 3 ) are the
vertices of a ∆ABC , then area of ∆ABC . Angle between Two Lines
1 The angle θ between two lines having slopes m1 and
= [x ( y − y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 − y 1 ) + x 3 ( y 1 − y 2 )] m 2 is
2 1 2
1 m 2 − m1
= |( x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 3 + x 3 y 1 ) − ( x 1 y 3 + x 2 y 1 + x 3 y 2 )| tan θ =
2 1 + m1 m 2
 (i) If two lines are parallel, then their slopes are equal Different forms of Ax + By + C = 0 are
i.e. m1 = m 2 . −A C
(ii) If two lines are perpendicular to each other, (i) Slope-intercept form y = x − ,B ≠ 0
B B
then product of their slopes is − 1, i.e. x y
m1m 2 = − 1. (ii) Intercept form + = 1, C ≠ 0
− C /A − C /B
Note
(i) If tanθ is positive, then θ will be an acute angle. (iii) Normal form x cos α + y sin α = p
(ii) If tanθ is negative, then θ will be an obtuse angle. A
where, cos α = ±
Various Forms of the Equation of a Line A + B2
2

(i) If a line is at a distance a and parallel to B C

sin α = ± and p = ±
X -axis, then the equation of the line is y = ± a . A +B
2 2
A + B2
2

(ii) If a line is parallel to Y -axis at a distance b Note Proper choice of signs to be made so that p
from Y -axis, then its equation is x = ± b .
should be always positive.
(iii) Point-slope form The equation of a line which
passes through the point ( x 1 , y 1 ) and has the Angle Between Two Lines, having
slope m is given by y − y 1 = m ( x − x 1 ). General Equations
(iv) Two points form The equation of a line Let general equations of lines be
passing through the points ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) A1 x + B1 y + C 1 = 0 and A2 x + B 2 y + C 2 = 0, then
 y − y1  A A
is given by y − y 1 =  2  ( x − x 1 ). slope of given lines are m1 = − 1 and m 2 = − 2 .
 x 2 − x1  B1 B2
(v) Slope-intercept form The equation of line Let θ be the angle between two lines, then
with slope m and making an intercept c on  A2 A1 
Y -axis, is y = mx + c . − + 
 m 2 − m1   B2 B1 
tan θ = ±  =±
(vi) If a line with slope m cuts the X -axis at a
1 + m1m 2  A A2
distance d from the origin i.e. makes x-intercept 1 + 1 ⋅ 
d . Then, the equation of line is given by  B1 B 2 
y = m ( x − d ).
Distance of a Point from a Line
(vii) Intercept form The equation of a line which
cuts off intercepts a and b respectively on the The perpendicular distance d of a point P ( x 1 , y 1 )
x y
X and Y-axes is given by + = 1 from the line Ax + By + C = 0 is given by
a b
Ax 1 + By 1 + C
x y d =
i.e. + =1 A2 + B 2
x - intercept y - intercept
(viii) Normal form The equation of a straight line Distance between Two Parallel Lines
upon which the length of the perpendicular
from the origin is p and angle made by this The distance d between two parallel lines
perpendicular to the X -axis is α, is given by y = mx + C 1 and y = mx + C 2 is given by
x cos α + y sin α = p . |C − C 2 |
d = 1 and if lines are Ax + By + C 1 = 0
General Equation of a Line 1 + m2
Any equation of the form Ax + By + C = 0, where |C 1 − C 2 |
A and B are simultaneously not zero, is called the and Ax + By + C 2 = 0, then, d = .
general equation of a line. A2 + B 2
74 CBSE New Pattern ~ Mathematics XI (Term I)

Objective Questions
Multiple Choice Questions 8. Area of the triangle whose vertices are
1. The point ( − 3, 2) is located in the ( 4, 4 ), ( 3, −2) and ( − 3, 16 ), is
(a) 54 (b) 27
quadrant
(c) 53 (d) 106
(a) quadrant I (b) quadrant II
(c) quadrant III (d) quadrant IV 9. The slope of a line whose inclination is
90°, is
2. The value of y is, if the distance
(a) 1 (b) 0
between points P ( 2, − 3) and Q (10, y ) is (c) − 1 (d) not defined
10 units.
(a) 3 (b) 9 10. The slope of line, whose inclination is
(c) − 3 (d) None of these 60°, is
1
3. The point on X-axis which is equidistant (a) (b) 1
3
from the points ( 3, 2) and ( −5, − 2) is
(c) 3 (d) Not defined
(a) (1, 0) (b) (2, 0)
(c) (−1, 0) (d) (−2, 0) 11. The slope of that line, which passes
through the points (at 12 , 2at 1 ) and
4. The coordinates of a point which
divides the line segment joining (at 22 , 2at 2 ) is
A (1, − 3) and B ( − 3, 9 ) internally in the (a)
2
(b)
2
ratio 1 : 3, are given by t2 − t1 t2 + 2 t1
(a) (− 2, 6) (b) (0, 0) 1 2
(c) (d)
 − 6 18   10 − 30 t2 + t1 t2 + t1
(c)  ,  (d)  , 
 4 4 4 4 
12. The angle between the lines
5. The coordinates of a point which
y = ( 2 − 3 )( x + 5)
divides externally the line joining (1, −3)
and ( − 3, 9 ) in the ratio 1 : 3 are and y = ( 2 + 3 )( x − 7 ) is
(a) (3, − 6) (b) (− 6, 3) (a) 30° (b) 90°
(c) (3, − 9) (d) (− 9, 3) (c) 45° (d) 120°

6. If the vertices of a triangle are P (1, 3), 13. The angle between the X -axis and
Q ( 2, 5) and R( 3, − 5), then the centroid the line joining the points ( 3, − 1) and
of a ∆PQR is ( 4, − 2) is
(a) 45° (b) 135°
(a) (1, 2) (b) (1, 3)
(c) 90° (d) 180°
(c) (3, 1) (d) (2, 1)
7. The points (1, − 1), (5, 2) and (9, 5) 14. The tangent of angle between the lines
whose intercepts on the axes are a, −b
collinear. and b, −a respectively, is
(a) Yes a2 − b 2 b 2 − a2
(b) No (a) (b)
ab 2
(c) Cannot say
b 2 − a2
(d) Insufficient information (c) (d) None of these
2ab
15. The value of y will be, so that the line 23. The line passing through
through ( 3, y ) and ( 2, 7 ) is parallel to the the points ( − 4, 5) and ( − 5, 7 ) also passes
line through ( −1, 4 ) and (0, 6 ). through the point (l , m ), then 2l + m + 3
(a) 7 (b) 8 is equal to
(c) 9 (d) 10 (a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) 0
16. Using slope of line, till, are A( 4, 4 ), 24. A line cutting off intercept −3 from the
B( 3, 5) and C( −1, 1) the vertices of a right Y-axis and the tangent at angle to the
angled triangle. 3
(a) Yes
X-axis is , its equation is
5
(b) No (a) 5 y − 3x + 15 = 0 (b) 3y − 5 x + 15 = 0
(c) Cannot say (c) 5 y − 3x − 15 = 0 (d) None of these
(d) Insufficient Information
17. The points A (x , 4 ), B ( 3, − 2) and 25. The equations of the line which have
C ( 4, − 5) are collinear in the value of x slope 1/2 and cuts-off an intercept 4 on
is X -axis is
(a) x − 2 y − 4 = 0 (b) x + 2 y − 4 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) x + 2 y + 4 = 0 (d) x − 2 y + 4 = 0
(c) − 1 (d) 0
18. The equation of the lines parallel to the 26. Slope of a line which cuts off intercepts
X-axis and passing through the point of equal lengths on the axes is
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
( − 3, 5) is
(a) x = − 3 (b) y = − 3 x y
27. If the line + = 1 passes through the
(c) x = 5 (d) y = 5 a b
19. The equation of the line through ( − 2, 3) points (2, −3) and (4, −5), then (a, b) is
(a) (1, 1) (b) (−1, 1)
with slope − 4 is (c) (1, −1 ) (d) (−1, −1 )
(a) x + 4 y − 10 = 0 (b) 4 x + y + 5 = 0
(c) x + y − 1 = 0 (d) 3 x + 4 y − 6 = 0 28. If the coordinates of the middle point of
the portion of a line intercepted
20. The equation of the line passing between the coordinate axes is (3, 2),
through the point (1, 2) and then the equation of the line will be
perpendicular to the line x + y + 1 = 0 is (a) 2 x + 3y = 12 (b) 3x + 2 y = 12
(a) y − x + 1 = 0 (b) y − x − 1 = 0 (c) 4 x − 3y = 6 (d) 5 x − 2 y = 10
(c) y − x + 2 = 0 (d) y − x − 2 = 0
29. If the normal form of the equation
21. The equation of a line perpendicular to 3x + y − 8 = 0 is x cos ω + y sin ω = p,
the line x − 2y + 3 = 0 and passing then p and ω respectively are
through the point (1, – 2) is (a) 4, 45° (b) 4, 30°
(a) y = 2 x (b) x = 2 y (c) 3, 45° (d) 3, 30°
(c) x = − 2 y (d) y = − 2 x
30. Transform the equation of the line
22. The equation of line passing through 3x + 2y − 7 = 0 to slope intercept form
the points ( −1, 1) and ( 2, − 4 ). then the slope and y-intercept will be
(a) 5 x + 2y + 2 = 0 3 7 3 7
(b) 5 x + 3y − 2 = 0 (a) , (b) − , −
2 2 2 2
(c) 5 x + 2y + 3 = 0 3 7
(c) − , (d) None of these
(d) 5 x + 3y + 2 = 0 2 2
31. Transform the equation of the line 38. The distance of the point of intersection
3x + 2y − 7 = 0 to normal form then the of the lines 2x − 3y + 5 = 0 and
inclination of the perpendicular 3x + 4 y = 0 from the line 5x − 2y = 0 is
segment from the origin on the line (a)
130
(b)
13
with the axis and its length is 17 29 7 29
 1 7  2 7 130
(a) tan− 1   , (b) tan− 1   , (c) (d) None of these
 3 13  3 13 7
− 1  3 7 −1  1  7
(c) tan   , (d) tan   , 39. The distance between the parallel lines
 4 13  5 13
3x − 4 y + 7 = 0 and 3x − 4 y + 5 = 0, is
32. The angle between the lines 3 7
(a) (b)
y − 3x − 5 = 0 and 3y − x + 6 = 0 7 5
2 3
will not be (c) (d)
5 5
(a) 30° (b) 150°
(c) 45° (d) None of these 40. The distance between the lines
33. The angle between the lines 3x + 4 y = 9 and 6x + 8 y = 15 is
3 2
x − 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + y − 1 = 0 is (a) (b)
10 25
 1
(a) − tan− 1 (7) (b) tan− 1   7 3
 7 (c) (d)
10 25
(c) π − tan− 1 (7) (d) 2 π − tan− 1 (7)
34. The equation of line, which passes Assertion-Reasoning MCQs
through point (4, 3) and parallel to the Directions (Q.Nos. 41-54) Each of these
line 2x − 3y = 7 is questions contains two statements : Assertion
(a) 2 x − 3y + 1 = 0 (b) 2 x − 3y − 1 = 0 (A) and Reason (R). Each of these questions
(c) 2 x + 3y + 1 = 0 (d) 2 x + 3y − 1 = 0 also has four alternative choices, any one of
35. Lines through the points ( −2, 6 ) and which is the correct answer. You have to
( 4, 8 ) is perpendicular to the line select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
through the points (8, 12) and (x , 24 ). given below.
(a) A is true, R is true; R is a correct
Then, the value of x is
explanation for A.
(a) 2 (b) 6
(b) A is true, R is true; R is not a correct
(c) 8 (d) 4 explanation for A.
36. The distance of the point ( 3, − 5) from (c) A is true; R is false.
(d) A is false; R is true.
the line 3x − 4 y − 26 = 0 is
3 2 41. Assertion (A) The point ( 3, 0) is at 3
(a) (b)
7 5 units distance from the Y -axis measured
7 3 along the positive X -axis and has zero
(c) (d)
5 5 distance from the X -axis.
37. The perpendicular distance from origin Reason (R) The point ( 3, 0 ) is at 3 units
to the line 5x + 12y − 13 = 0 is distance from the X -axis measured
(a) 10 unit (b) 5 unit along the positive Y -axis and has zero
(c) 2 unit (d) 1 unit distance from the Y -axis.
42. Assertion (A) A point P (h, k ) lies on
the straight line x + y + 1 = 0 and is at a
distance 5 units from the origin. If k is
negative, then h is equal to − 3.
Reason (R) The distance formula is
(x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y1 ) 2 .
43. Assertion (A) The line x + y = 4
divides the line joining the points ( −1, 1)
and (5, 7 ) in the ratio 1 : 2.
Reason (R) Section formula for
internal division is
 m 1x 2 − m 2 x 1 m 1 y 2 − m 2 y1 
 ,  where
 m1 − m 2 m1 − m 2 
p (x , y ) divides the line segment AB,
with A (x 1 , y1 ) and B (x 2 , y 2 ) in the ratio
m1 : m 2 .
44. If the vertices of a triangle are (1, a ),
( 2, b ) and (c 2 , − 3). Then,
Assertion (A) The centroid cannot lie
on the Y-axis.
Reason (R) The condition that the
centroid may lie on the X-axis is
a + b = 3.
45. Assertion (A) Area of the triangle
whose vertices are ( 4, 4 ), ( 3, −2) and
( − 3, 16 ), is
Reason (R) Area of triangle whose
vertices are (x 1 , y1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y 3 ),
1 7
is | x 1 ( y 2 − y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 − y1 )
2 5
+ x 3 ( y1 − y 2 ) |.
46. Assertion (A) Slope of X -axis is zero
and slope of Y -axis is not defined.
Reason (R) Slope of X -axis is not
defined and slope of Y -axis is zero.
47. If A ( − 2, − 1), B ( 4, 0 ), C ( 3, 3) and
D ( − 3, 2) are the vertices of a
parallelogram, then
Assertion (A) Slope of AB = Slope of
BC and Slope of CD = Slope of AD.
Reason (R) Mid-point of AC
= Mid-point of BD.
48. Assertion (A) The angle between the
lines x + 2y − 3 = 0 and 3x + y + 1 = 0 is
tan −1 (1).
Reason (R) Angle between two lines is
  m 2 − m1  
given by tan −1  ±   .
  1 + m 1m 2  
49. Assertion (A) Slope of line
3
3x − 4 y + 10 = 0 is .
4
Reason (R) x-intercept and y-intercept
of 3x − 4 y + 10 = 0 respectively are
− 10 5
and .
3 2
50. Assertion (A) If x cos θ + y sin θ = 2 is
perpendicular to the line x − y = 3, then
one of the value of θ is π /4.
Reason (R) If two lines y = m 1x + c 1
and y = m 2 x + c 2 are perpendicular
then m 1 = m 2 .
51. Assertion (A) The slope of the line
1
x + 7 y = 0 is
and y-intercept is 0.
Reason (R) The slope of the line
6x + 3y − 5 = 0 is − 2 and y-intercept is .
3
52. If the equation of line is x − y = 4, then
Assertion (A) The normal form of
same equation is x cos α + y sin α = p,
where α = 315° and p = 2 2.
Reason (R) The perpendicular distance
of line from the origin is 3 2.
 53. Assertion (A) The distance between (v) In which year the population
the lines 4 x + 3y = 11 and 8 x + 6 y = 15 becomes 110 crores is
is 7 /10. (a) 2020 (b) 2019
(c) 2021 (d) 2022
Reason (R) The distance between the
lines ax + by = c 1 and ax + by = c 2 is 55. Three girls, Rani, Mansi, Sneha are
talking to each other while maintaining
c1 − c 2 a social distance due to covid-19. They
given by .
a2 + b2 are standing on vertices of a triangle,
whose coordinates are given.
Rani (2, –2)
Case Based MCQs
54. Population vs Year graph given below.

102 C (2010, P)
Population
(in Crores)

97
B (1995, 97)
92 A (1985, 92) Mansi (1, 1) Sneha (–1, 0)
87
Based on the above information answer
O 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 the following questions.
Years (i) The equation of lines formed by Rani
Based on the above information answer and Mansi is
the following questions. (a) 3x − y = 4 (b) 3x + y = 4
(c) x − 3y = 4 (d) x + 3y = 4
(i) The slope of line AB is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (ii) Slope of equation of line formed by
1 1 Rani and Sneha is
(c) (d) 2 −3
2 3 (a) (b)
3 2
(ii) The equation of line AB is −2 1
(a) x + 2 y = 1791 (c) (d)
3 3
(b) x − 2 y = 1801
(c) x − 2 y = 1791 (iii) The equation of median of lines
(d) x − 2 y + 1801 = 0 through Rani is
(a) 5 x + 4 y = 2 (b) 5 x − 4 y = 2
(iii) The population in year 2010 is
(c) 4 x − 5 y = 1 (d) None of these
(in crores)
(a) 104.5 (b) 119.5 (iv) The equation of altitude through
(c) 109.5 (d) None of these Mansi is
(a) 3x − 2 y = 1 (b) 2 x + 3y = 5
(iv) The equation of line perpendicular to
(c) x + 2 y = 3 (d) None of these
line AB and passing through
(1995, 97) is (v) The equation of line passing through
(a) 2 x − y = 4087
the Rani and parallel to line formed
(b) 2 x + y = 4087
by Mansi and Sneha is
(c) 2 x + y = 1801 (a) x − 2 y = 4 (b) x + 2 y = 6
(d) None of the above (c) x − 2 y = 6 (d) 2 x + y = 4
56. Consider the ∆ABC with vertices A(1, 4 ),
B ( 2, − 3) and C( − 1, − 2) as shown in the
given figure. AD is the median and AM
is the altitude through A.
A(1, 4)
57. Four friends Rishabh, Shubham,
Vikram and Rajkumar are sitting on
vertices of a rectangle, whose
coordinates are given.
Rishabh (1, 4) Rajkumar (5, 4)
A D

B C
Shubham (1, 2) Vikram (5, 2)

Based on the above information answer

the following questions.
B(2, – 3) D M C(– 1, – 2)
(i) The equation formed by Shubham
Based on the above information answer and Rajkumar is
the following questions. (a) x + 2y + 3 = 0
(b) x − 2y − 3 = 0
(i) Find the distance between A and C (c) x − 2y + 3 = 0
(a) 40 units (d) None of the above
(b) 53 units (ii) The equation formed by Rishabh and
(c) 41 units Vikram is
(d) 29 units (a) x + 2y + 9 = 0
(b) x + 2 y −9 = 0
(ii) Find the slope of BC.
(c) x − 2 y − 9 =0
4 1
(a) − (b) − (d) None of the above
3 3
3 3 (iii) The intersection point of above two
(c) − (d) −
2 4 equations is
(a) (1, 1)
(iii) Find the equation of median through
(b) (2, 2)
A.
(c) (3, 3)
(a) x − 13y + 9 = 0 (b) x + 13y − 9 = 0 (d) (4, 4)
(c) 13x − y − 9 = 0 (d) 2 x − 13y + 9 = 0
(iv) Slope of equation of line formed by
(iv) Find the equation of the altitude Rishabh and Rajkumar is
through A. (a) zero (b) 1
(a) 3x − y + 1 = 0 (b) x + 2 y − 3 = 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) x − 3y + 2 = 0 (d) 3x + 2 y − 2 = 0
(v) Pair for the same slope is
(v) Find the equation of right bisector of (a) Rishabh-Rajkumar and Shubham-Vikram
side BC. (b) Rishabh-Rajkumar and Rajkumar-Vikram
(a) x + 3y − 3 = 0 (b) x − 3y + 3 = 0 (c) Rishabh-Rajkumar and Rishabh-Shubham
(c) 3x − y − 4 = 0 (d) 3x + y − 2 = 0 (d) None of the above
58. If A and B are two persons sitting at the (ii) The equation of AB is
positions ( 2, − 3) and (6, − 5). If C is a (a) x + 2 y + 4 = 0 (b) x + 2 y − 4 = 0
third person who is sitting between A (c) x − 2 y + 4 = 0 (d) None of these
and B such that it divides the line AB in (iii) Coordinates of point C are
1 : 3 ratio. 7   7
(a)  , − 3 (b)  3, 
2   2
 7
(c) (3, 3) (d)  3, − 
 2

(iv) Distance between A and C is

(a) 5 (b) 2 5
5 5
(c) (d)
2 2
Based on the above information, (v) Distance between C and B is
answer the following questions. 3 5
(a) (b) 3 5
(i) The distance between A and B is 2
(a) 5 (b) 2 5 2 5
(c) (d) None of these
(c) 3 5 (d) 4 5 3

ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (d) 37. (d) 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (a)

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (c)
51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (a)

Case Based MCQs

54. (i) - (c); (ii) - (b); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (b); (v) - (c) 55. (i) - (b); (ii) - (c); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (a); (v) - (c)
56. (i) - (a); (ii) - (b); (iii) - (c); (iv) - (a); (v) - (c) 57. (i) - (c); (ii) - (b); (iii) - (c); (iv) - (a); (v) - (a)
58. (i) - (b); (ii) - (a); (iii) - (d); (iv) - (c); (v) - (a)
CBSE New Pattern ~ Mathematics XI (Term I) 81

SOLUTIONS
1. Let A = ( − 3, 2) 5. Let the coordinates of the required point
Since, x-coordinate of A is negative and its be P ( x , y ).
y-coordinate is positive, therefore A lies in the 1 × ( −3) − 3 × 1
second quadrant. Then, x =  
 1−3 
2. Given, points P ( 2, − 3) and Q (10, y ). 1 × 9 − 3 × ( −3) 
According to the question, and y= 
 1−3 
PQ = 10
i.e. x = 3 and y = − 9
⇒ (10 − 2) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 = 10
Hence, the required point is ( 3, − 9 ).
[Q d = ( x 2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y1 ) 2 ] 6. We know that, if the vertices of a triangle are
( x1 , y1 ), ( x 2 , y 2 ) and ( x 3 , y 3 ), then centroid of
⇒ ( 8 ) + ( y + 3) = 10
2 2
a triangle is
⇒ 64 + y 2 + 9 + 6 y = 10  x1 + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 
 , .
 3 3 
On squaring both sides, we get
64 + y 2 + 9 + 6 y = 100 Here, P (1, 3) ≡ P ( x1 , y1 );
Q ( 2, 5) ≡ Q ( x 2 , y 2 )
⇒ y 2 + 6 y + 73 = 100
and R( 3, − 5) ≡ R ( x 3 , y 3 )
⇒ y 2 + 6 y − 27 = 0 ∴Centroid of a triangle
⇒ y 2 + 9 y − 3y − 27 = 0 1 + 2 + 3 3 + 5 − 5
= , 
⇒ y( y + 9 ) − 3 ( y + 9 ) = 0  3 3 
⇒ ( y + 9 ) ( y − 3) = 0  6 3
=  ,  = ( 2, 1)
⇒ y = 3, − 9  3 3
Hence, value of y is 3, − 9. 7. Let A = (1, − 1), B = ( 5, 2) and C = ( 9, 5)
3. Let the point on X-axis be P ( x , 0 ), which is Now, distance between A and B ,
equidistant from (say) A ( 3, 2) and (say)
AB = ( 5 − 1) 2 + ( 2 + 1) 2
B ( −5, − 2).
[by distance formula]
Since, P is equidistant from A and B. So,
= ( 4 ) 2 + ( 3) 2
∴ PA = PB ⇒ PA 2 = PB 2
⇒ ( 3 − x ) 2 + ( 2 − 0 ) 2 = ( −5 − x ) 2 + ( −2 − 0 ) 2 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5

[by distance formula] Distance between B and C,

⇒ 9 + x − 6 x + 4 = 25 + x 2 + 10 x + 4
2 BC = ( 5 − 9 ) 2 + ( 2 − 5) 2
⇒ 16 x + 16 = 0 = ( − 4 ) 2 + ( − 3) 2
⇒ x = −1
= 16 + 9
Thus, point on X-axis is ( −1, 0 ).
= 25 = 5
4. The coordinates of the point which divides
the line segment joining A (1, − 3) and Distance between A and C,
B ( − 3, 9 ) internally in the ratio 1 : 3, are AC = (1 − 9 ) 2 + ( − 1 − 5) 2
given by
1 ⋅ ( − 3) + 3 ⋅1 = ( − 8 )2 + ( − 6 )2
x= =0
1+ 3 = 64 + 36 = 10
1.9 + 3 ⋅ ( − 3) Clearly, AC = AB + BC
and y= =0
1+ 3 Hence, A , B and C are collinear points.
8. Area of the triangle, whose vertices are 13. Given, ( x1 , y1 ) = ( 3, − 1)
(4, 4), (3, –2) and (−3, 16) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) = ( 4, − 2)
1 y − y1 − 2 + 1
= |4 ( − 2 − 16 ) + 3 (16 − 4 ) + ( − 3) ( 4 + 2)| Slope of line m = 2 =
2 x 2 − x1 4−3
|− 72 + 36 − 18 |
= −1
2 tan θ = ⇒ tan θ = − 1
1
| − 54 | 54
= = = 27 ⇒ tan θ = − tan 45° (Q1 = tan 45°)
2 2
⇒ tan θ = tan (180 ° − 45° )
9. The slope of a line whose inclination is 90°,
[Q tan (180° − θ ) = − tan θ ]
is not defined.
⇒ tan θ = tan 135° ⇒ θ = 135°
10. Let θ be the inclination of a line, then its
slope = tan θ. 14. Since, intercepts on the axes are a , −b then
x y
At θ = 60 °, slope of a line, m = tan 60 ° = 3 equation of the line is − = 1.
a b
11. We know that the slope of a line which y x
passes through the points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) ⇒ = −1
b a
y − y1
= 2 bx
x 2 − x1 ⇒ y= −b
a
Here, ( x1 , y1 ) ≡ ( at12 , 2at1 ), ( x 2 , y 2 ) ≡ ( at 22 ,
2at 2 ) b
2at 2 − 2at1 So, the slope of this line i.e. m 1 = .
∴ Slope of a line = a
at 22 − at12 Also, for intercepts on the axes as b and − a ,
2a ( t 2 − t1 ) 2 then equation of the line is
= =
a ( t 2 + t1 ) ( t 2 − t1 ) t 2 + t1 x y
− =1
b a
12. Given lines, y x
y = ( 2 − 3 )( x + 5) …(i) ⇒ = −1
a b
Slope of this line, a
⇒ y = x −a
m1 = ( 2 − 3) b
and y = (2 + 3 )( x − 7 ) …(ii) a
and slope of this line i.e. m 2 =
Slope of this line, b
m2 = (2 + b a b −a
2 2
3) −
Let θ be the angle between lines (i) and (ii), ∴ tan θ = a b = ab
a b 2
then 1+ ⋅
b a
m − m 2 
tan θ =  1  b2 − a2
=
1 + m 1 m 2  2ab
( 2 − 3 ) − ( 2 + 3 )  15. Let A ( 3, y ), B( 2, 7 ), C( −1, 4 ) and D( 0, 6 ) be the
⇒ tan θ =  
1 + ( 2 − 3 )( 2 + 3 )  given points.
 −2 3  Then, m 1 = Slope of the line
⇒ tan θ =  
7−y
1 + 4 − 3  AB = = ( y − 7)
2− 3
⇒ tan θ = 3 ⇒ tan θ = tan π/ 3
and m 2 = Slope of the line
∴ θ = π/ 3 = 60 ° 6−4
For obtuse angle = π − π / 3 = 2 π / 3 = 120 ° CD = =2
0 − ( −1)
Hence, the angle between the lines are
Since, AB and CD are parallel.
60° or 120°.
∴ m1 = m 2 ⇒ y − 7 = 2 ⇒ y = 9
16. In ∆ABC, we have 21. Given, line x − 2y + 3 = 0 can be written as
4−5 1 3
m 1 = Slope of AB = = −1 y= x+ …(i)
4−3 2 2
5 −1 4 1
and m 2 = Slope of BC = = =1 Slope of the line (i) is m 1 = . Therefore, slope
3 − ( −1) 4 2
Clearly, m 1m 2 = −1 of the line perpendicular to line (i) is
1
This shows that AB is perpendicular to BC. m2 = − = − 2.
m1
i.e. ∠ABC = π / 2
Equation of the line with slope −2 and passing
Hence, the given points are the vertices of a through the point (1, − 2) is
right angled triangle. y − ( −2) = − 2( x − 1) or y = − 2x
Option (a) is correct. which is the required equation.
17. Given points are A ( x , 4 ), B ( 3, − 2) and 22. Let the given points are A ( x1 , y1 ) ≡ A ( −1, 1)
C( 4, − 5). and B ( x 2 , y 2 ) ≡ B ( 2, − 4 ), then equation of
From the condition of collinearity of three line AB is
points A , B and C, we should have −4 − 1
y −1 = ( x + 1)
Slope of AB = Slope of BC 2+1
−2−4 −5+ 2  y − y1   y 2 − y1 
i.e. = Q slope = 2 Q y − y1 = x − x ( x − x1 ) 
3−x 4−3  x 2 − x1   2 1 
−6 −3 −5
⇒ = ⇒ y −1 = ( x + 1)
(3 − x) 1 3
2 1 ⇒ 3y − 3 = − 5x − 5
⇒ = ⇒ 5x + 3y + 2 = 0
3−x 1
23. Let the given points be A ( − 4, 5) and
⇒ 2=3−x
B ( − 5, 7 ).
⇒ x = 3 − 2 =1
We know that, equation of line passing
⇒ x =1
through two points is
18. Clearly, the equation of a line parallel to the y − y1
X -axis and passing through ( − 3, 5) is y = 5. y − y1 = 2 ( x − x1 ).
x 2 − x1
19. Here, m = − 4 and given point ( x 0 , y 0 ) is
Then, equation of line passing through the
( −2, 3). points A and B is
By slope-point form, 7−5
y −5= ( x + 4)
Equation of the given line is −5+ 4
y − 3 = − 4 ( x + 2) 2
⇒ y −5= ( x + 4)
or 4 x + y + 5 = 0, which is the required −1
equation.
⇒ y − 5 = − 2 ( x + 4)
20. Given point is (1, 2) and slope of the required ⇒ y − 5 = − 2x − 8
line is 1.
⇒ y + 2x = − 8 + 5
Q x + y + 1 = 0 ⇒ y = − x − 1 ⇒ m 1 = −1
⇒ y + 2x = − 3
−1
∴ Slope of the line = =1 ⇒ 2x + y + 3 = 0 …(i)
−1
∴ Equation of required line is Now, line (i) passes through the point ( l , m ), so
y − 2 = 1 ( x − 1) point ( l , m ) will satisfy Eq. (i).
⇒ y − 2 = x −1 Put x = l , y = m in Eq. (i),
⇒ y − x −1 = 0 2l + m + 3 = 0
Hence, option (d) is correct.
24. Given that, 1⋅ 0 + 1⋅a
∴ 3=
3 1+1
c = − 3 and m =
5 a
⇒ 3 = ⇒a = 6
∴ Equation of the line is y = mx + c 2
3 Similarly, b =4
y= x −3
5 x y
∴ Equation of the line is + = 1
⇒ 5y = 3x − 15 ⇒ 5y − 3x + 15 = 0 6 4
1 ⇒ 2x + 3y = 12
25. Given, m = Slope of the line =
2 29. Given equation is
Here, d = Intercept of the line on X -axis = 4. 3x + y − 8 = 0 …(i)
Hence, required equation of the line is
1 Dividing Eq. (i) by ( 3 ) + (1) = 2,
2 2

y = ( x − 4) we get
2
3 1
⇒ x − 2y − 4 = 0 [Q y = m ( x − d )] x+ y=4
2 2
26. Let equation of line be or cos 30 ° x + sin 30 ° y = 4 …(ii)
x y
+ =1 Comparing Eq. (ii) with x cosω + y sin ω = p,
a a
we get
⇒ x + y =a ⇒ y = −x + a
p = 4 and ω = 30 °
∴ Required slope = −1
x y 30. Given equation is 3x + 2y − 7 = 0.
27. Given, line is + = 1 …(i) It can be rewritten as
a b
Since, the points (2, −3) and (4, −5) lies on this 2y = − 3x + 7
line. 3 7
or y=− x + ...(i)
2 3 2 2
∴ − =1 …(ii)
a b which is the required slope intercept form of
4 5 the given line.
and − =1 …(iii) On comparing Eq. (i) with y = mx + c , we get
a b
3 7
On multiplying by 2 in Eq. (ii) and then Slope, m = − and y-intercept, c =
subtracting Eq. (iii) from Eq. (ii), we get 2 2
6 5 −1 31. Given equation is 3x + 2y − 7 = 0. …(i)
− + =1 ⇒ =1
b b b On comparing Eq. (i) with Ax + By + C = 0,
∴ b = −1 we get
On putting b = −1 in Eq. (ii), we get A = 3, B = 2 and C = − 7
2 2
+ 3 = 1 ⇒ = − 2 ⇒ a = −1 ∴ A 2 + B 2 = 32 + 22 = 9 + 4 = 13
a a
∴ ( a , b ) = (−1, −1) On dividing both sides of Eq. (i) by 13,
we get
28. Since, the coordinates of the middle point are 3 2 7
P (3, 2). x+ y− =0
13 13 13
Y 3 2 7
⇒ x+ y= …(ii)
B(0, b) 13 13 13
1
which is the required normal form of the
P(3, 2) given line.
1 On comparing Eq. (ii) with
X′ X x cos ω + y sin ω = p, we get
3 2 7
y¢ (a, 0) cos ω = , sin ω = and p =
13 13 13
 Since, cos ω and sin ω both are positive, Put the value of λ in Eq. (i), we get
therefore ω is in the first quadrant and is equal 2x − 3y = − 1
2
to tan −1 . ⇒ 2x − 3y + 1 = 0
3
Hence, for the given line, we have which is the required equation of line.
2 7 35. Slope of the line through the points (– 2, 6)
ω = tan −1 and p = . and (4, 8) is
3 13
8 −6 2 1
32. Given lines are m1 = = =
4 − ( − 2) 6 3
y − 3x − 5 = 0 or y = 3x + 5 …(i)
Slope of the line through the points (8, 12) and
1
3y − x + 6 = 0 or y = x−2 3 …(ii) ( x , 24 ) is
3 24 − 12 12
m2 = =
Slope of line (i) is m 1 = 3 and slope of x −8 x −8
1
line (ii) is m 2 = . Since, two lines are perpendicular.
3 So, m 1 m 2 = −1
The acute angle (say) θ between two lines is 1 12
given by ⇒ × = −1
3 x −8
m − m1
tan θ = 2 …(iii) ⇒ 8 − x = 4 or x = 4
1 + m 1m 2
36. Given line is 3x − 4 y − 26 = 0 …(i)
Putting the values of m 1 and m 2 in Eq. (iii), we
get On comparing Eq. (i) with general equation of
1 line Ax + By + C = 0, we get
− 3
3 1−3 1
tan θ = = = A = 3, B = − 4 and C = − 26
1 2 3 3
1+ 3 × Given point is ( x1 , y1 ) = ( 3, − 5).
3
The distance of the given point from given
which gives θ = 30 °. Hence, angle between
line is
two lines is either 30° or 180 ° − 30 ° = 150 °.
Ax1 + By1 + C
33. Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the straight d =
A2 + B2
lines x − 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + y − 1 = 0.
1 1 3 3 ⋅ 3 + ( −4 )( −5) − 26 3
Then, m 1 = − = and m 2 = − = − 3 = =
−2 2 1 3 + ( −4 )
2 2 5
Let θ be the angle between the given lines. 37. Given equation of line is
Then,  1 5x + 12y − 13 = 0 …(i)
 m 2 − m1   −3 − 
tan θ = ±   =± 2 = ± 7 Length of perpendicular from origin to the
1 + m 1m 2   1− 3  line (i) is
 2  − 13
−1 −1 p=
⇒ θ = tan ( 7 ) or π − tan ( 7 ) 5 + 122
2

34. Let the equation of line parallel to the given [Q perpendicular length from origin to the
line is 
c
2x − 3y = λ …(i) line ax + by + c = 0 is p = 
[Q In two parallel lines, m 1 = m 2 ] a 2 + b 2 
Since, the line (i), passes through the point (4, − 13 − 13 13
3). = = = =1
25 + 144 169 13
So, this point will satisfy the equation of line.
[Q x = − x , x < 0 ]
∴ 2×4 −3×3=λ
∴ Required length of perpendicular is 1 unit.
⇒ 8 − 9 = λ ⇒ λ = −1
38. Given equation of lines 41. Assertion The point (3, 0) is at 3 units
2x − 3y + 5 = 0 …(i) distance from the Y -axis measured along the
and 3x + 4 y = 0 …(ii) positive X -axis and has zero distance from
−4y the X -axis.
From Eq. (ii), put the value of x = in
3 (3, 0)
Eq. (i), we get
 − 4 y Hence, Assertion is true but Reason is false.
2  − 3y + 5 = 0 42. Assertion Since, the point ( h , k ) lies on
 3 
15 x + y + 1 = 0.
⇒ − 8 y − 9 y + 15 = 0 ⇒ y = ⇒ h + k +1 = 0
17
15 and h 2 + k 2 = 25
From Eq. (ii), 3x + 4 ⋅ =0 ⇒ ( −1 − k ) 2 + k 2 = 25
17
− 60 −20 ⇒ 2k 2 + 2k − 24 = 0
⇒ x= =
17 ⋅ 3 17 ⇒ k 2 + k − 12 = 0 ⇒ k = −4 or k = 3
 − 20 15 [k = 3 rejected as k < 0]
So, the point of intersection is  , .
 17 17  ∴ h = −1 − ( −4 ) = 3
∴ Required distance from the line Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true.
5x − 2y = 0 is, 43. Assertion Let required ratio be λ : 1.
20  15 Then, the coordinates of point which divides
−5 × − 2  the line joining ( −1, 1) and (5, 7) in
17 17 
d =  5λ − 1 7 λ + 1
25 + 4 the ratio λ :1, is  , .
 λ +1 λ +1 
−100 30
− But it lies on x + y = 4
17 17 130
= = 5λ − 1 7 λ + 1
29 17 29 ∴ + =4
λ +1 λ +1
[Q distance of a point p( x1 , y1 ) from the line
⇒ 12λ = 4 λ + 4 ⇒ λ = 1 / 2
| ax1 + by1 + c |  ∴ Required ratio = 1 : 2
ax + by + c = 0 is d = 
a 2 + b 2  Hence, Assertion is true and Reason is false.

39. Here, A = 3, B = − 4, C1 = 7, and C 2 = 5. 44. Assertion Centroid of the triangle is

1 + 2 + c 2 a + b − 3
Therefore, the required distance is G ≡ , 
7−5 2  3 3 
d = =
3 + ( −4 )
2 2 5  3 + c 2 a + b − 3
i.e.  , 
 3 3 
40. The equations of lines 3x + 4 y = 9 and
6 x + 8 y = 15 may be rewritten as Q G will lie on Y -axis, then
3x + 4 y − 9 = 0 3 + c2
= 0 ⇒ c 2 = − 3 or c ≡ ± i 3
15 3
and 3x + 4 y − =0
2 Q Both values of c are imaginary.
Since, the slope of these lines are same and Hence, G cannot lie on Y -axis.
hence they are parallel to each other. Reason Q G will lies on X -axis, then
Therefore, the distance between them is given a +b −3
by =0
3
 9 − 15  ⇒ a + b − 3 = 0 or a + b = 3
 2 = 3 Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true

 3 + 42 
2  10 and Reason is not the correct explanation of
  Assertion.
45. Assertion Area of the triangle, whose ⇒ θ = tan −1 (1) or π − tan −1 (1)
vertices are (4, 4), (3, –2) and (−3, 16) Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true
1 and Reason is the correct explanation of
= |4 ( − 2 − 16 ) + 3 (16 − 4 ) + ( − 3) ( 4 + 2)|
2 Assertion.
|− 72 + 36 − 18 | | − 54 | 54 49. Assertion Given equation 3x − 4 y + 10 = 0
= = = = 27
2 2 2 can be written as
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true 3 5
and Reason is the correct explanation of y= x+ …(i)
4 2
Assertion.
Comparing Eq. (i) with y = mx + c , we have
46. Assertion Slope of X -axis is zero and slope 3
of Y -axis is not defined. slope of the given line as m = .
4
Hence, Assertion is true but Reason is false. Reason Equation 3x − 4 y + 10 = 0 can be
47. Assertion written as
x y
D (–3, 2) C (3, 3) 3x − 4 y = − 10 or + =1 …(ii)
10 5
−
3 2
x y
Comparing Eq. (ii) with + = 1, we have
a b
10 5
x-intercept as a = − and y-intercept as b = .
A (–2, –1) B (4, 0) 3 2
Q ABCD is a parallelogram. Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true
and Reason is not the correct explanation of
∴ AB | | CD ⇒ Slope of AB = Slope of CD
Assertion.
and BC | | AD ⇒ Slope of BC = Slope of AD
Reason Mid-point of 50. Assertion Since, slope of line
 −2 + 3 −1 + 3 x cos θ + y sin θ = 2 is − cot θ and slope of line
AC =  , 
 2 2  x − y = 3 is 1.
 1 2  1  Also, these lines are perpendicular to each
=  ,  =  , 1 other.
 2 2  2 
∴ ( − cot θ ) (1) = − 1
 4 − 3 0 + 2 π π
and mid-point of BD =  ,  ⇒ cot θ = 1 = cot ⇒θ =
 2, 2  4 4
1  Reason Condition of perpendicularity of two
=  , 1
2  lines is m 1 ⋅m 2 = − 1.
⇒ Mid-point of AC = Mid-point of BD Hence, Assertion is true and Reason is false.
Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true. 51. Assertion Given equation is x + 7 y = 0
48. Assertion Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the −x
⇒ y= +0
straight lines x + 2y − 3 = 0 and 3x + y + 1 = 0. 7
1 On comparing with y = mx + c , we get
Then, m 1 = − and m 2 = −3
2 −1
Slope (m ) = , y-intercept = 0
Let θ be the angle between the given lines. 7
 m −m 1  Reason Given equation is 6 x + 3y − 5 = 0
Then, tan θ = ±  2  5
1 + m 1m 2  ⇒ y = − 2x +
3
 1
On comparing with y = mx + c , we get
 −3 + 
=± 2  = ±1 5
 1+ 3 Slope (m ) = − 2, y-intercept =
 3
2 
Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true.
52. Assertion Given equation of line is 2y − 184 = x − 1985
x −y=4 x − 2y = 1801
On dividing above equation by (iii) Let the population in year 2010 is P .
(coefficient of x ) 2 + (coefficient of y ) 2 Since, A, B, C are collinear
i.e. (1) 2 + ( −1) 2 = 2, we get ∴ Slope of AB = slope of BC
1 1 4 97 − 92 P − 97
x− y= =
2 2 2 1995 − 1985 2010 − 1995
⇒ cos 45° x − sin 45° y = 2 2 1 P − 97
⇒ =
[Q cos x is positive and sin x is negative, 2 15
it is possible only in fourth quadrant]
⇒ 7.5 = P − 97
⇒ x cos ( 360 ° − 45° )
⇒ P = 97 + 7.5
+ y sin ( 360 ° − 45° ) = 2 2
= 104.5 crores
Q cos ( 360 ° − θ ) = cos θ 
 and sin ( 360 ° − θ ) = − sin θ  1
  (iv) Q Slope of AB =
2
⇒ x cos 315° + y sin 315° = 2 2 Slope of line perpendicular to AB
On comparing with x cos α + y sin α = p, −1
= =−2
we get 1
α = 315° 2
and p=2 2 ∴ Equation of line perpendicular to AB
passing through (1995, 97) is
Hence, Assertion is true but Reason is false.
y − 97 = − 2( x − 1995)
53. Assertion Given lines are 4 x + 3y = 11
⇒ y − 97 = − 2x + 3990
and 4 x + 3y = 15/ 2.
⇒ 2x + y = 4087
Distance between them
15 (v) Equation of line AB is
11 − x − 2y = 1801
= 2
16 + 9 Putting y = 110
∴ x = 1801 + 220
=
7
=
7 ⇒ x = 2021
2×5 10 ∴Population becomes 110 crores in 2021.
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true 55. Let the point on Rani, Mansi and Sneha
and Reason is the correct explanation of stand on a vertices of triangle be A, B, C.
Assertion. ∴ A( 2, − 2), B(1, 1), C( − 1, 0 )
y −y 97 − 92 A (2, –2)
54. (i) Slope of line AB = 2 1 =
x 2 − x1 1995 − 1985
5 1
= =
10 2 E
(ii) Equation of line AB is
y − y1 = m ( x − x1 )
1
∴ y − 92 = ( x − 1985) B (1, 1) D (0, 1/2) C (–1, 0)
2
 (i) The equation of line AB is (iii) Since D is the mid-point of BC.
− 2 −1  2 − 1 − 3 − 2
y −1 = ( x − 1) ∴ Coordinates of D are  , 
2 −1  2 2 
 y 2 − y1  1 5
= ,− 
Q y − y1 = x − x ( x − x1 )  2 2
 2 1 
5 13
⇒ y − 1 = − 3x + 3 ⇒ 3x + y = 4 − −4 −
∴ Slope of AD = 2 = 2 = 13
(ii) Slope of equation of line AC is 1 1
−1 −
0+2 2 2 2
m = =
−1 − 2 − 3 ∴ Equation of the median AD is
y − 4 = 13( x − 1)
(iii) Let D be the mid-point of BC.
⇒ 13x − y − 9 = 0
1 − 1 0 + 1  1 
Coordinates of D are  ,  =  0,  (iv) Since AM is the altitude through A.
 2 2   2
1 1
1 ∴ Slope of AM = − =− =3
+2 slope of BC 1
∴ Equation of AD is y + 2 = 2 ( x − 2) −
0−2 3
−5 ∴ Equation of the altitude through A is
⇒ y + 2= ( x − 2) given by
4
y − 4 = 3( x − 1)
⇒ 4 y + 8 = − 5x + 10
⇒ y − 4 = 3x − 3 ⇒ 3x − y + 1 = 0
⇒ 5x + 4 y = 2
−2 (v) Equation of the right bisector of BC is a line
(iv) Slope of AC = which passes through D and having slope
3 is 3.
3
∴ Slope of BE = [Q BE ⊥ AC ]  5  1
2 ∴ y −  −  = 3 x − 
 2  2
Equation of altitude through B is
3 5 3
y − 1 = ( x − 1) ⇒ 3x − 2y = 1 ⇒ y+ = 3x − ⇒ 3x − y − 4 = 0
2 2 2
0 −1 1 57. (i) We have the positions,
(v) Slope of line BC = =
−1 −1 2 Shubham B (1, 2) and Rajkumar D (5, 4)
Equation of line passing through A and 4−2 2 1
Slope, m 1 = = =
parallel to BC is 5 −1 4 2
1 1
y + 2 = ( x − 2) Taking point (1, 2) = ( x1 , y1 ) and m 1 =
2 2
⇒ 2y + 4 = x − 2 Equation of line joining points B and D is
⇒ x − 2y = 6 ( y − y1 ) = m 1 ( x − x1 )
56. (i) AC = ( − 1 − 1) 2 + ( − 2 − 4 ) 2 1
⇒ ( y − 2) =( x − 1)
[using distance formula] 2
⇒ 2y − 4 = x − 1
= ( − 2) + ( − 6 ) 2
2
⇒ x − 2y + 3 = 0
= 4 + 36 = 40 units
(ii) We have the positions,
y 2 − y1 − 2 − ( − 3)
(ii) Slope of BC = = Rishabh A (1, 4) and Vikram C (5, 2)
x 2 − x1 −1 − 2
2 − 4 −2 1
−2+ 3 1 Slope, m 2 = = =−
= =− 5 −1 4 2
−3 3
 1 1
Taking point ( x1 , y1 ) = (1, 4) and m 2 = − Taking point A ( 2, − 3) = ( x1 , y1 ) and m = −
2 2
Equation of line is Equation of line AB is
1 1
( y − 4 ) = − ( x − 1) ( y − ( − 3)) = − ( x − 2)
2 2
⇒ 2y − 8 = − x + 1 ⇒ x + 2y − 9 = 0 ⇒ 2( y + 3) = − ( x − 2)
(iii) We have, x − 2y + 3 = 0 …(i) ⇒ 2y + 6 = − x + 2 ⇒ x + 2y + 4 = 0
and x + 2y − 9 = 0 …(ii) (iii) Let point C divides AB in the ratio m 1 and
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get m 2.
2x − 6 = 0 ⇒ x = 3 1:3
∴ 3 + 2y − 9 = 0 [From Eq. (ii)] A C B
(2, –3) (x, y) (6, –5)
⇒ 2y = 6 ⇒ y = 3
m x + m 2 x1 m 1 y 2 + m 2 y1 
Hence, point of intersection is (3, 3). Then, ( x , y ) =  1 2 , 
 m1 + m 2 m1 + m 2 
(iv) We have positions,
Rishabh A (1, 4) and Rajkumar D (5, 4) 1 × 6 + 3 × 2 1 × ( − 5) + 3 ( − 3) 
= , 
4−4  1+ 3 1+ 3 
Slope AD = =0
5 −1 12 −14   7
= ,  =  3, − 
Hence, slope is zero. 4 4   2
(v) The line formed by Rishabh-Rajkumar is  7
(iv) We have, A( 2, − 3) and C  3, − 
opposite and parallel to the line formed by  2
Shubham and Vikram. Hence, first pair 2
 7 
have same slope. AC = ( 3 − 2) 2 +  − + 3
 2 
58. (i) Given positions of person A and B are as
follows 2
 1 1 5
= 12 +  −  = 1+ =
A( 2, − 3) and B( 6, − 5)  2 4 2
d = ( 6 − 2) 2 + ( − 5 + 3) 2  7
(v) We have, C  3, −  and B ( 6, − 5)
[using distance formula]  2
= ( 4 ) 2 + ( −2) 2 = 16 + 4 = 20 = 2 5  7
2
CB = ( 6 − 3) 2 +  − 5 + 
(ii) We have, A( 2, − 3) and B( 6, − 5)  2
− 5 − ( − 3) − 5 + 3 −2 1 2
Slope, m = = = =−  3 9 45 3 5
6−2 4 4 2 = 32 +  −  = 9+ = =
 2 4 4 2