EUTROPHICATION

Presented to

Md.Khalid Hasan Real

By Disaster management - Group 8
Id : 12117041-12117045

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INDEX

Eutrophication Formation Process Impacts Control Measures Classification

What is eutrophication & why it How it this process takes Discussing adverse Of aquatic body based on
Steps to control it
is named eutrophication place impact of it nutrients level
WHAT IS
EUTROPHICATION?

The word “eutrophication” has its root in two Greek

words: “eu” which means “well” and “trope” which
means “nourishment.”

One may well ask why "well nourished"

should be a bad thing. The answer lies in the
process of "eutrophication" by which
nutrients are misappropriated into the
production of algae and cyanobacteria,
rather than a productive "Food Chain" which
produces fish.

So Eutrophication is the process by which a body

of water, such as a lake, river, or estuary, becomes
enriched with nutrients and minerals.
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EUTROPHICATION
PROCESSS
The process of eutrophication can be broken down into
several steps:

Nutrient enrichment: Excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and

phosphorus, enter the water body. These nutrients can come
from a variety of sources, including natural sources such as
weathering of rocks, breakdown of organic matters and
human activities such as agricultural runoff, industrial
effluents, sewage discharge

Algal bloom: The increased availability of nutrients

stimulates the growth of algae and other aquatic plants.
This rapid growth can form large, visible masses of algae,
known as algal blooms.

Oxygen depletion: As the algae and other plants die and

decompose, they use up oxygen in the skywater. This can 03

lead to hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, in the water body.

IMPACTS
Enviironmental Impacts :
Harmful Algal bloom
Some algal blooms can release toxins that are
harmful to aquatic life, terrestrial animals, and even
humans if contaminated water is consumed or
exposure occurs through recreational activities.
Oxygen depletion
As the excessive algae and plants die and decompose,
the process consumes large amounts of dissolved
oxygen in the water, leading to hypoxic (low oxygen) or
anoxic (no oxygen) conditions. This can suffocate
aquatic organisms like fish and other marine life.
Loss of biodiversity

The low oxygen levels and toxic conditions created by

eutrophication can lead to the death of many aquatic
species, reducing biodiversity in the affected water
body. 04
Human Impacts :
Water Quality

Eutrophication can lead to degraded water quality,

impacting the suitability of water for drinking,
recreation, and other human uses.
Economic Impact

Algal blooms and fish kills caused by eutrophication

can harm fisheries and tourism, leading to economic
losses for communities that depend on these
industries.
Health Concerns
Toxins produced by some algal blooms can pose
health risks to humans and animals that come into
contact with or consume contaminated water.

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CONTROL
MEASURES
Nutrient Limitation:

This involves reducing the availability of

key nutrients, particularly phosphorus
and nitrogen, entering waterways. This
can be achieved through:

Wastewater treatment
This can be done through various
methods, such as biological treatment,
chemical treatment, and physical
treatment.

Urban Runoff Management

Employing techniques like rain gardens
and bioswales to capture and filter
stormwater runoff, preventing nutrient-
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laden water from reaching waterways.
Sustainable Agricultural Practices:

Utilizing practices like cover cropping,

precision agriculture, and slow-release
fertilizers to minimize nutrient runoff
from agricultural lands.
Regulation and Education:

Enacting stricter regulations on industrial

waste discharge and promoting public
awareness about responsible use of
fertilizers and household chemicals.

Curative Measures:

Physical and Chemical Methods:

These techniques directly address
existing nutrient overload in water
bodies:
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Dredging:
Removing nutrient-rich bottom
sediments, although a temporary
solution and potentially disruptive to
the ecosystem.

Artificial Mixing:
Increasing water circulation to promote
oxygenation and dilute nutrient
concentrations.

Biological Methods:

These methods focus on restoring the

natural balance of the ecosystem:
Fish Stocking:
Introducing fish species that feed on
algae can help control algal blooms.
Habitat Restoration:
Restoring wetlands and natural vegetation
around water bodies can
help filter nutrients 08

before they enter the main water body.

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AQUATIC SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION
based on nutrients level

Oligotrophic: These are nutrient-poor

ecosystems with very low biological
productivity. Oligotrophic lakes are typically
deep, clear, and have low levels of algae and
other aquatic plants.
Mesotrophic: These systems have moderate Oligotrophic aquatic system
nutrient levels and productivity. They support a
wider variety of plant and animal life than
oligotrophic systems, but still maintain good
water quality.

Eutrophic: These are nutrient-rich ecosystems w

ith high biological productivity.
Eutrophic lakes often experience algal blooms,
which can deplete oxygen levels and harm other
aquatic organisms.

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Mesotrophic aquatic system

Eutrophic aquatic body

THANK
YOU
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