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 Revision Notes
Class – 6 Social Science Geography
Chapter 7 - Our Country – India

● It’ throws light on the vast geographical expansion of India. India is bordered
by Himalayas in the north & the Indian Ocean in the south. It has Bay of
Bengal on its eastern side & the Arabian Sea on the west. India is also
considered to be the second-largest populated country in the world. Also, the
7th-largest country in the world. The chapter further tell us about the
geographical locations and the administration and political divisions of India.

 An Overview

❖ India is a vast country with various geographical features. The country is

bounded by Himalayas, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, & the Indian Ocean on
all its sides. The area of India is near to about 3.28 million sq. km. The north-
southern extent from Kanyakumari to Kashmir is roughly 3200km long. And
the east to west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to the Kutch is 2900 km long.

❖ The Himalayan mountains, Great Indian Desert, the islands, northern plain
and the coastal region, all represent the diverse forms of landform. India also
has a huge variety of vegetation, climate & wildlife. The people in the country
speak a variety of languages. According to a record of 2011, India has a
population of more than 120 crores, making it second most populated country
in the world after China.

● Location of India

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 1

 ❖ India is located in continent of Asia. It lies in the Eastern hemisphere and
Northern hemisphere b/w longitude 97°25′ E and 68°7′ E and latitude of 84′
N and 37°6’N.

❖ The Tropic of Cancer generally divides India into two parts. The upper half
of tropic of cancer is temporally cool & the lower part of it has a tropical type
of climate. The southernmost part of the country is also called as the ‘Indira
Point’, however, it got submerged in year 2004 by a tsunami.

❖ The south-eastern part of India has Andaman and Nicobar island which lies in
the Bay of Bengal and the southwestern part has Lakshadweep island in the
Arabian Sea.

● Size of India

❖ India is also an enormous country & is considered to be the seventh-largest

country when we talk about in terms of the landmass. India covers a total area
of 3.28 million square kilometres. It also covers 2.4% of the total area of the
globe and has a boundary of land that constitutes 15,200 km. The coastal
boundary then includes the island and covers 7,516km. India has various other
features which can be recognized from the Indian map which includes
mountains, plains, plateaus, coastal areas, and islands. All the parts are
bordered to protect invasion from other countries.

❖ The west-east stretch of country & the south-north stretch measures almost
the same. But the south-north is collectively smaller than the west-east stretch.

❖ The difference of the time between Arunachal Pradesh & Gujarat is two hours,
yet the time shown in both the places are the same because India follows a
standard system of the time.

● India’s Neighbours

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 2

 ❖ India is also a vast country. It generally shares its border with several other
countries like China, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, & Pakistan in the north, and
Myanmar, Bangladesh in the east. The country also shares a border with
Maldives, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Thailand.

● Political and Administrative Divisions

❖ India has 28 states and 7 union territories. These divisions are based on the
languages spoken in that place.

❖ The states are divided into various districts. Each of these union territories and
states also has a different government to take care of them and the
administrative needs of the place.

❖ The northern states of India are:

1. Jammu and Kashmir

2. Uttarakhand

3. Himachal Pradesh

4. Uttar Pradesh

5. Punjab

6. Haryana

Jammu & Kashmir, the newly made union territory, is known as the crown of
India because the shape of the region is like a crown as well as it is located at
the top of India. Punjab and Haryana both have common capital, Chandigarh.
The reason behind this is that Haryana was an important part of Punjab until
1966.

❖ The western part of the country comprises the following states:

1. Gujarat

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 3

 2. Maharashtra

3. Gujarat

4. Goa

The central part of country consist of states like Chhattisgarh and Madhya
Pradesh. It was the largest state in the Indian province until 2000.

❖ The eastern part of the country consists of

1. Bihar

2. Jharkhand

3. West Bengal

4. Orissa

The historical Kalinga war was also fought in Orissa. This war changed
Asoka’s life & made him different from all others. He started to embrace non-
violence and follow Buddist preaching.

❖ The northeastern part of the country consist of states like-

1. Assam

2. Tripura

3. Meghalaya

4. Manipur

5. Sikkim

6. Arunachal Pradesh

7. Mizoram

8. Nagaland

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 4

 This region is also known as the Land of Seven Sisters. Sikkim also happens
to be a single state that is excluded from the Seven Sisters.

❖ South India is one of the most beautiful places in the country and is known
for its temples and greeneries.

1. Andhra Pradesh

2. Tamil Nadu

3. Kerela

4. Karnataka

Karnataka is also famous for the biotechnology & software industry. Kerala
is considered to be God’s Own Country & is a popular tourist destination.
Kerala has a high literacy rate.

● The largest state in India is Rajasthan. And the smallest is state of Goa.

● India has seven territories. They are:

1. Delhi

2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli

4. Daman and Diu

5. Puducherry

6. Lakshadweep

7. Chandigarh

● Delhi is capital of India & is the largest metropolitan city in India. It also has
a Legislative Assembly, Council of Ministers, Lieutenant and Chief Minister.

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 5

 ● Indira Point lies in the Andaman and Nicobar island which is in southernmost
part of the country. However, the place got submerged by a tsunami in the
year 2004.

● Ritchie’s archipelago lies in the Andaman and Nicobar island and is

considered a prominent archipelago of India. A group of islands & clusters
are found here.

● Besides Andaman & Nicobar island, Lakshadweep isalso considered a famous

archipelago. It is known as Coral Paradise because it has beautiful corals
present in it.

● Physical Division

India is a vast country with various kinds of physical divisions. They are
divided into:

❖ The Himalayan Mountains

➢ The Himalayan Mountains are located in northern part of India.

➢ They are divided into 3 ranges namely, the Great Himalaya, the Middle
Himalaya, and the Shivalik.

➢ The Great Himalaya is located in northernmost range.

➢ The Middle Himalaya is towards the southern part of the mountain.

➢ The Shivalik is the southernmost range.

❖ The Northern Plains

➢ The Northern Plains are also located in the southern part of the
Himalayas.

➢ The plains are formed by rivers like Indus, Brahmaputra, and Ganga.

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 6

 ❖ The Great Indian Desert

➢ The Great Indian Desert is also located in the western part of the
country.

➢ It is hot and sandy.

❖ The Deccan Plateau

➢ The Deccan Plateau is in the southern part of the Northern Plains.

➢ It is triangular.

❖ The Coastal Plains

➢ They are in the west part of the Western Ghat and the east part of the
Eastern Ghats.

➢ The western coastal plain is generally narrow whereas the eastern plain
is much broader.

❖ The Islands

➢ Nicobar and Andaman & Lakshadweep islands are also a part of India.

➢ Nicobar and Andaman island is located in the Bay of Bengal whereas

Lakshadweep island is located in the Arabian Sea.

Class VI Social Science www.vedantu.com 7

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