Transportation Engineering

11 Transportation Engineering
(Solutions for Text Book Practice Questions)
01. Highway Development and Planning
01. Ans: (d)

Sol:
Number of with population

Length
Road Utility Utility/km
(km)
< 2000 2000 – 5000 > 5000
P 20 8 6 1 80.5+61+12 = 12 12/20 = 0.6
Q 28 19 8 4 190.5+81+42= 25.5 25.5/28 =0.91
R 12 7 5 2 70.5+51+22= 12.5 12.5/12=1.04
Weightage factor 0.5 1 2

 RQP
02. Ans: (a)
Sol:
Road Length Industrial
Number of villages with population ranges Utility Utility/km
Lane (cm) Product
1000-2000 2000-5000 5000-10000 >10000
1001+802+30
574/300
P 300 100 80 30 6 200 3+64+200 =1.91
=574
2001+902+84+270 682/400
Q 400 200 90 00 8 270
= 682 =1.70
2401+1102+70
1025/500
R 500 240 110 70 10 315 3+104+315 =2.05
=1025
2481+1122+733 1074/550
S 550 248 112 73 12 335
+124+335 =1074 =1.95
Weightage
1 2 3 4
factor
 RSPQ
03. Ans: (b)
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Book (Cha-1, 2nd Question -pg: 968)
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad • Delhi • Bhopal • Pune • Bhubaneswar • Lucknow • Patna • Bengaluru • Chennai • Vijayawada • Vizag • Tirupati • Kolkata • Ahmedabad
2 ESE-Postal Coaching Solutions
04. Highway Geometric Design ‐

Conventional Practice Solutions
Gradients
Common data for Questions 01 & 02 01.

Sol: (a) For WBM district road with heavy
01. Ans: (b) rainfall
W 3.5 100 0 Height of crown with respect to edges
Sol: Height of crown  
2n 2  60 eW
=
= 29.2 mm 2
1
e W = 3.5 m
33
02. Ans: (d)
1 3.5
W 3.5 1000 Height of crown w.r.to edges = 
Sol: Height of crown   33 2
2n 2  40
= 0.053 m
= 43.75 mm
(b) For state highway of concrete
pavement
04. Ans: (a)
eW
30  R Height of crown w.r.to edges =
Sol: G. C  2
R
1
30  50 e W=7m
G. C   1.6 50
50
1 7
75 Height of crown w.r.to edges = 
Max G C   1.5 GC = 1.5 50 2
50
= 0.07 m
The compensated gradient = 6% – 1.5
= 4.5%
05. Highway Geometric Design – Sight
05. Ans: (a) Distances
W
Sol: Height of crown   7.5 cm 01. Ans: (c)
2n
Sol: B.D = 16 m,
W
 7.5 f = 0.4
2n
V2 V2
9  100  16   16
2n  254 f 254  0.4
7.5
n = 60  1 in 60 V = 40.3 kmph ≈ 40 kmph
=ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad • Delhi • Bhopal • Pune • Bhubaneswar • Lucknow • Patna • Bengaluru • Chennai • Vijayawada • Vizag • Tirupati • Kolkata • Ahmedabad
02. Ans: (c) SSD for single two way traffic = 2  SSD
Sol: V = 30 kmph, f = 0.4 = 2 82.1 = 164.2 m
BDdown = 2 BDup
V2 2 V 2 06. Ans: (c)

254 f  0.01n  254 f  0.01n  Sol: ISD = 2  80 = 160 m
f + 0.01 n = 2 f – 0.02n
0.03 n = 0.4 07. Ans: (83 kmph)
n = 13.33% Sol: There are 3 phases in the problem
1. Driver lifts foot from accelerator and
03. Ans: (b) moves it to brake pedal – the velocity is
Sol: V = 72 kmph, n = 2%, uniform.
f = 0.15, 2. Deceleration increases from zero to
t =1.5 sec maximum
V2 3. Braking system locks the wheels and
SSD  0.278 Vt 
254 f  0.01n  deceleration assumed to be constant until
= 150 m vehicle strikes the stationary vehicle
Speed
04. Ans: (b)
Sol: V = 60 kmph Vo
V1
t = 2.5 sec ,f = 0.36 Initial
speed V2
0.278 Vt 6
 to
Time
V / 254 f  0.01n  5
2
t1
6 60 2
 t2
0.278  60  2.5   
5  254 0.36  0.01n  
A = fg = 0.75 9.81 = 7.35 m/s2
n = 4.78 ≃ 4.8
During 1st phase, assume driver reaction
05. Ans: (c) time 0.5 sec
Sol: V = 60 kmph, t = 2.5 sec, f = 0.35 a
v o  v1  ( t 1  t o )
2
V2
SSD  0.278 Vt  During 3rd phase, deceleration assumed to be
254 f
uniform
60 2
= 0.278  60  2.5  = 82.1 m
254  0.35
v1  v 22  2aS  11.18 2  2  7.35  27.45 In question they give it will take 3 sec to red
sign
= 22.98 m/s = 82.76 kmph So
7.35 20 115
v o  82.76  (0.8  0.5) Speed of vision driver = m / sec
2 40 3
= 83 kmph = 138 kmph
20
For speed of vision driver is 58kmph
08. Ans: (13.6 m) 40
dv 5
Sol:  3  0.04v i..e 58   16.11m / sec
dt 18
Α = 3,  = 0.04, t = 5 – 0.75 = 4.25 D
Velocity =
T
Width of intersection = 7.5 m
115
Equation for distance as a function of time T
16.11
t  v
x  2 (1  e t )  o (1  e t ) T = 7.13 sec
  
vo = initial speed = 0
10. Ans: 142
3(4.25) 3
  2
(1  e 0.044.25 )  0 Sol: For normal driver with 6/6 vision the
0.04 (0.04)
position of sign post is shown below.
x = 25.62 m
sign Start of
Intersection + length of car zone-y
7.5 + 6.1 = 13.6 m A S1 = 48 m S2 = ?
C B
 He can clear the intersection S = 174 m
S2 = 174 – 48 = 126 m
09. Ans: T = 7.13 sec, V = 138 kmph
S2 = The distance from sign post to the start
Sol:
sign of zone-y
20/20 20/40 S1 = Distance traveled by the vehicle during
20
 230 m perception – reaction time for 6/6
20 115 m
230 m vision driver
20
x S = total distance required to reduce the
40
speed to 30 kmph from design speed.
x = 115 m
For a driver with 6/9 vision (with defective

sight), the distance of sign post should be
nearer as compared to driver with normal 01.
sight. Sol: (a) Two way Traffic on a two lane Road:
6 V2
 Modified S1   48  32 m S.S.D = 0.278 Vt +
9 254 f
The position of sign post is as shown below
100 2
 0.278  100  2.4 
254  0.35
sign Start of
zone-y = 66.72 + 112.49
A S1 = 32 m S2 = X = ?
C B = 179.2 m
S = 174 m (b) Two way traffic on a single lane Road
The distance from modified position of sign
 V2 
S.S.D  2  0.278Vt 
254 f 
post to the start of zone-y (i.e. CB)

= 174 – 32 = 142 m.
= 2  179.2
11. Ans: 900.79 = 358.4 m
Sol: Refer previous GATE solutions Book
(Cha-2, Two marks 9th Question -pg: 821) 02.
Sol: Minimum distance Required = SSD1 +
12. Ans: (d) SSD2
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
 V12   V22 
Book (Cha-5, 5 th
Question -pg: 977)   0.278V1t    0.278V2 t    
 254 f n   255 f n 
13. Ans: (c)  100 2 
= [(0.278  100  2.5) +   +
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions  254  0.33  0.5 
Book (Cha-5, 9th Question -pg: 978)  80 2 
[0.278  80  25] +  
 254  0.33  0.5 
= 69.5 + 238.6 + 55.6 + 152.7 = 516.4 m
03. 1
(c) S  ut  at 2
V2 2
Sol: SSD1  0.278Vt  ----- (i)
254f  x   5 1
7   60    1.5   9.81 f   1.52
 18  2
V2
SSD 2  0.278Vt  ----- (ii)
254f  x  7 = 25  11.04 f
Subtracting 2 equations 18
f  1.63
11.04
V2 V2
10  
254f  x  254f  x 
05.
V2  1 1 
10   Sol: v2 – u2 = 2as
254  f  x f  x 

2
 5
10  254 f  x   f  x  0   65    2  a  25.5

V2 f 2  x2    18 
2x  326 = 51 a
0.706 
0.16  x 2 a = 6.392
x = 0.054 a=gf
or  9.81  0.7   =  6.392
x = 5.54%  = 0.93
04. 06. Highway Geometric Design –

Overtaking Sight Distance
Sol: (a) v2 – u2 = 2gfs
2
 60  5  Common data for Questions 01, 02 & 03
0   2  9.8  f  5.8
 18  01. Ans: (c)
277.78 = 113.796 f Sol: V = 80 kmph a = 2.5 kmph/sec
f = 2.44 Vb = 50 kmph S = 16 m
(b) V =  + at t = 2 sec
= at 14.4 s
T  92.16 sec
 5 A
 60     g f t
 18  = 9.6 sec
16.67 = 9.81  f  2 OSD = d1 + d2
f = 0.85 = 0.278 Vb t + (0.278 Vb T + 2s)
= 193.24 m
02. Ans: (d) 4s

T  10.6 sec
Sol: OSD = d1 + d2 + d3 a
= 0.278Vbt+(0.278VbT+2s)+0.278 VT d2 = (0.278  100  10) + (25 + 20)
= 406.74 m = 323 mm
03. Ans: (c)
Sol: Since division is there Common data for Questions 06 & 07
OSD = d1 + d2 = 193.24 m 06. Ans: (c)
Sol: OSD = d1 + d2
Common data for Questions 04 & 05 V = 22.22 m/s Vb = 16.67 m/s
04. Ans: (c) a = 0.7 m/s2
Sol: V = u + at S = (0.7 Vb + l) = 17.67 m
u = 100 kmph
4s
= 27.7 m/s T  10.05 sec t = 2 sec
a
= 27.7 + 0.8  5
OSD = d1 + d2 + d3
V = 31.72 m/s
= Vb t + (Vb T + 2s) +VT
V2 – u2 = 2  as
= 236.21 + (22.22 10.05)
(31.7)2 – (27.7)2 = 2  0.8  S = 459.521 m
S = 148.5 m
≈ 460 m
Distance traveled in next 2 sec
= 323 – 148.5
07. Ans: (d)
S = 174.5 m
Sol: Desirable length of OZ = 5 OSD
Now, u = 31.7 m/s
= 5 (d1 + d2+d3)
S = ut + ½ at2
= 5 460
1 
174.5 = (31.7  5) +   a  5 2  ≃ 2300 m
2 
a = 1.2 m/sec2
05. Ans: (d)

Sol: Distance traveled in overtaking process (d2)
d2 = (Vb T + 2 s) S1 = 25 m
= (Vb T + S1 + S2) S2 = 20 m
07. Highway Geometric Design –

Conventional Practice Solutions Horizontal Curves
Common data for Questions 01 & 02
01. 01. Ans: (a)

Sol:
s b s V2 65 2
Sol: e    0.031
225 R 225  600
A1 Hori B1 B2 A3
t
0.11 C
C2 C1
0.22
d1 d2 d3
E = e w = 0.031  7 = 0.22 m
(i) d1 = Vb t w.r.t centre line = 0.11 m
= 0.278  80  2 = 44.48 m
(ii) d2 02. Ans: (b)
4S Sol: w.r.t inner edge ; E = 0.22 m
T
a
S = (0.2 Vb + l) 03. Ans: (c)
= (0.2  80 + 6) = 22 m V2 65 2
Sol: e cal    0.15
4  22 225 R 225 125
T  9.78 sec
0.92 ecal > 0.07
d2 = (Vb T + 2S)  V = 65 kmph is not suitable
= (80  9.78  0.278) + 44 V2 65 2
0.07  f  f   0.07
d2 = 261.5 m 127 R 127  125
(iii) d3 = (Va  T) = 0.196 > 0.15
= 0.278  100  9.78 Va should be calculated
d3 = 271.9 m Va2
0.07  0.15 
OSD = d1 + d2 + d3 127  125
OSD = 577.88 m Va = 59.1 kmph
Desirable length of overtaking zone
= 5  OSD = 2889.4 m
Common data for Questions 04 to 06 b 2.4

  0.286  f
2 h 2  4.2
04. Ans: (b)
b
V2 f
Sol: e  f  2h
127 R
 Lateral skidding occur first
100 2
e  0.15  11. Ans: (d)
127  500
 e = 0.00748 = 0.74% Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Book (Cha-6, 9th Question -pg: 984)
05. Ans: (b)

V2 100 2 12. Ans: (c)
Sol: f  =  0.157 ≃ 0.16
127 R 127  500 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
06. Ans: (c)

100 2 Conventional Practice Solutions
Sol: f = 0 ; e0
127  500
01.
 e = 15.75%
V2
Sol: (a) e 
07. Ans: (a) 225 R
V2 60 2 120 2
Sol: e    0.032  3.2% =
225 R 225  500 225  450
e = 0.142
08. Ans: (b)
but e  0.07
2
V So use e = 0.07
Sol: R Ruling 
127 f  e 
V2
(b) e  f 
100 2 127 R

127 0.07  0.13
V e  f   127 R
= 393.7 m ≈ 395 m
 0.07  0.15127  450
09. Ans: (a) = 112.1 kmph
Sol: b = 2.4 m
h = 4.2 m
02. 08. Horizontal Curves (Extra Widening)

Sol:
Inner side Common data for Questions 01 & 02
CG POuter side
of curve of curve
h
01. Ans: (d)
V2
Sol: e  f 
127 R
b
762
To avoid overturning R Ruling 
1 
b 127   0.15 
W  Ph  15 
2
 209.9 m
b P

2h W
(i) Minimum speed to avoid shading 02. Ans: (d)
 P V2  n 2 V
P Sol: We  
f  W  gR  2 R 9.5 R
W  
2  72 76
V2  
f 2  209 9.5 209
gR
= 0.787 m
V  f gR
 Total width = 7 + 0.787
 0.15  9.81  200
= 7.78 m
V < 17.16 m/sec
(ii) Minimum speed to avoid overturning 03. Ans: (c)
2
b V n 2 V
 Sol: We  
2g gR 2 R 9.5 R
bgR 3.5  9.81  200
V  2  82 100
2h 2  1 .4  
2  300 9.5 300
= 49.52 m/sec
 0.821 m
So maximum speed = 17.16 m/sec
04. Ans: (c) 02. L

Sol: Given Sol: 1m Rectangular
bridge
Wm = 0.096
8m
2 W C
 0.096  R  226.87 m Horizontal
2R W –20 m
Curve
A B
L/2 1 m D L/2 A2
n 2 V 1
We  Wm  Wps   m
2 R 9.5 R
R
O
2  6 .6 2 80
 
2  226.87 9.5 226.87
= 0.75 m
Top View
Conventional Practice Solutions C
(w – 10)
A D
B
01. L/2 L/2
R
V2 O
Sol: (1) Ruling minimum radius e  f 
127 R
V2
R E
127e  f  By property of circle,
120 2

1270.07  0.15 (AD) . (DB) = (CD) . (DE)
R = 515 m
L L
.  ( W  10).(2R  ( W  10)
(2) Extra widening 2 2
 2 V L2
We    2R  ( W  10)
2 R 9 .5 R 4( W  10)
4  6.12 120 L2
  2R   W  10
2  515 9.5 515 4( W  10)
= 0.145 + 0.555 L2  W  10 
R  
We = 0.7 m 8( W  10)  2 
09. Set Back Distance and Curve  180 L 180  180

  14.32
Resistance 2 2  R 2   360
m = 360 – 360cos(14.32)
01. Ans: (a)
250  180
Sol: Set back or the clearance is the distance  sin 14.32 = 19.85 m
2
required from the centre line of horizontal
curve to an obstruction on the inner side of Common data for Questions 05 & 06
the curve to provide adequate sight 05. Ans: (c)
distance at a horizontal curve.
V2
Sol: SSD  0.278 V t 
254 f
02. Ans: (c)
80 2
S 2
80 2  0.278  80  2.4  
Sol: m  R   80 m 254  0.355
8R 8  10
= 124.35 m ≈ 125 m
06. Ans: (d)
Common data for Questions 03 & 04
Sol: S = 125 m
03. Ans: (c)
W 7
Sol: L = 180 m S = 80 m d   1.75 m
4 4
L>S
 180 S 180  125
S2 80 2   = 18.06
m   2.22 m 2 2 R  d  2 200  1.75
8R 8  360

Width of pavement is not indicated m  R  R  d  cos  
2
m = R – R cos (/2)
= 11.52 m
 180 S 180  80
   6.36 1
m =m–d
2 2 R 2   360
= 11.52 – 1.75 = 9.77 m
m = 360 – 360 cos (6.36)
(or)
= 2.2 m
In approximately
S2
04. Ans: (c) m  9.76 m
8R
Sol: L = 180 m S = 250 m
L<S
 SL 
m  R  R cos    sin  
2 2 2
Problems on Curve Resistance  S L

m = R – (R – d) cos ( ) +  
01. 2  2 
Sol: Let ‘T’ is the original Tractive force 
sin( )
loss of tractive force = T(1– cos) 2
= T(1–cos45o) = 500 – (500 – 8.75) cos 5.83 +
Ratio of loss of Tractive force to original is  200  100 
  sin 5.83
= 0.243  2 
02. = 500 – 488.7 + 5.08

= 16.38 (from centre of food)
Sol: Curve resistance = T(1 – cos)
Distance from inner edge
= T(1  cos30o)
= 16.38 – 3  3.5 = 5.88 m
= 0.134 T
03.
10. Highway Geometric Design –
Sol: Curve resistance = T(1–cos)
Transition Curves
= T(1–cos90o)
=0 Common data for Questions 01 & 02
Conventional Practice Solutions 01. Ans: (d)

0.0215 V 3
Sol: L 
01. CR
Sol: Length of curve < SSD
0.0215  60 3
   38.7 m
So set back = R – (R – d) cos  + 0.6  200
2
SL     Considering N value
  sin  
 2  2 L = eN (W + We) = 0.07  100 (7 + 0.2)
 180L = 50.4 m

2 2R  d 
2.7 V 2 2.7  60 2
 180 100 L   48.6 m
 R 200
2
2   3 .5  
2 500   3.5  2    The length of T.C = 50.4 m
  2 
(from the 3 values maximum value)

= 5.83o
2
02. Ans: (d) 05. Ans: (c)
Sol: S 
L2

50.4  0.53 m 2 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
24 R 24  200 Book (Cha-9, 9th Question -pg: 992)
Common data for Questions 03 & 04 06. Ans: (c)

03. Ans: (c) Book (Cha-9, 10th Question -pg: 992)
80 80
Sol: C  
75  V 75  80 07. Ans: (a)
 0.516 m / sec3 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
04. Ans: (a)

Sol: Considering ‘C’ value Conventional Practice Solutions
0.0215 V 0.0215  80
3 3
L 
CR 0.516  900 01.
= 23.7 m Sol: (i) Minimum sight distance
Considering ‘N’ value v2
 0.278vt 
V2 80 2 254 f
e   0.0316
225 R 225  900 [Assume t = 2.5 sec, & f = 0.4]
(for mixed traffic) 100 2
 0.278  100  2.5 
eN 254  0.4
L W  We 
2 = 167.9 m
0.0316  150 (ii) Design super elevation
  7  16.59 m
2
V2 100 2
Considering terrain e 
225 R 225  300
2.7 V 2 2.7  80 2
L   19.2 m e = 0.148
R 900
But e  0.07
 Length of T.C = 23.7 m
So limit e to 0.07
V2
Check e  f 
127 R
100 2 Common data for Q 04 & 05

0.07  f 
127  300
f = 0.192 > 0.15 04. Ans: (c)
So since reduce the speed or increase the 1  1 
Sol: N       0.06  6%
radius of the curve. 25  50 
S = 180 m
11. Highway Geometric Design – Vertical Take L > SSD
Curves
N S 2 0.06  180 2
L   441.8 m
4.40 4.4
01. Ans: (b)
Sol: Length of summit parabolic curve, ≃442 m
Assume L > S 05. Ans: (b)
NS 2 Sol: 6 %  442 m
L=
 2H  2h 
2
4%
4
 442  294.66 m = 294.66
6
0.09  120 2
= = 249 m
 2  1.5  2  0.15 2
06. Ans: (a)

Sol: Refer previous GATE solutions Book
02. Ans: (d) (Cha-2.8, Two marks 5th Question -pg: 859)
Sol: N = 4 – (2) = 6%
4% 2 %
6%  150 nm 150 m 07. Ans: (b)
4 1  1 
4%  150  100 m Sol: N     0.0183
6 100  120 
Assume L > OSD
03. Ans: (c)
NS 2 0.0183  470 2
1  1  L 
Sol: N      0.03  3% 9.6 9.6
50  100 
= 421.09 m
1 %  100 m 421.09 < 470
3 Take L < OSD
3%  100  300 m
1 9.6 9.6
L  2S   2  470 
N 0.0183
= 406.66 m
08. Ans: (c) N1L

x from start
Sol: Take L ≥ OSD N
0.02  400
NS2 0.018  500 2   150.09 from start
L  0.0533
9.6 9.6
Nx 2 0.053x 2
= 468.75 m < 500 m Equation of parabola = 
2L 2  400
Take L < OSD
= 0.00006625 m2
9.6 9.6
L  2S   2  500  R.L of summit
N 0.018
= 10 + 150.09  0.02 – (0.00006625  180.092)
= 466.67 m < 500 m
= 11.511 m
 Length of summit cure,
Vertical distance between point of
L ≈ 467 m
intersection and curve
NL 0.053  400
   2.650 m
09. Ans: (c) 8 8
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Station x RL
Book (Cha-10, 4th Question -pg: 997) 1 0 10.000
2 20 10.375
3 40 10.694
4 60 10.9615
5 80 11.176
01. 6 100 11.338
Sol: Length of summit curve 7 120 11.446
8 140 11.5015
Assume L > SSD
9 160 11.504
NS2 10 180 11.4535
L
4.4 11 200 11.352
1  1  80 8 12 220 11.1935
N      13 240 10.984
50  30  1500 150
14 260 10.7215
8 180 2 15 280 10.406
L 
150 4.4 16 300 10.042
17 320 9.616
L = 392.7 m  400 m
18 340 9.1415
Assumption was correct as L > SSD 19 360 8.614
(ii) Summit point is at a distance of 20 380 8.0335
21 400 7.408
12. Highway Geometric Design – Valley

Curves
01.
Common data for Questions 01 to 03
Sol: N1 = 0
N2 =  0.033
01. Ans: (c)
N = N1 – N2 = 0.033
1
Sol:  n 1  V = 100 kmph Assume L > SSD
25
1 NS2
n2  C = 0.6 m/s 3 L
20 1.5  0.035S
SSD = 180 m 0.033  180  180

=
1.5  0.035  180
N   n1  n 2   n 1  n 2
= 137.1 m
1 1 Assume L < SSD
   0.09
25 20
1.5  0.035S
(a) L = 0.38 (NV3)1/2 L  2S 
N
 
1
 0.38 0.09  100 3 2 = 114 1.5  0.035  180
 2  180 
0.033
L > SSD
7.8
NS 2 0.09  180 2  360 
(b) L   0.033
1.5  0.035 S 1.5  0.035 180
= 360 – 236.4 = 123.6 m
= 373.86 m ≃ 374 m Provide a length of 125 m
02. Ans: (b) Nx 2 0.033x 2

y   0.000132 x 2
2L 2  125
1.6 NV 2
Sol: I 
L
Station x y RL
1.6  0.09  100 2
  3.85 1 0 0 10.000
374
2 25 0.083 10.083
3 50 0.330 10.330
03. Ans: (a)
4 75 0.743 10.743
Sol: For 9%  373.86
5 100 1.320 11.320
For 4 %  ?
6 125 2.063 12.063
4  374.0
 = 166.22 m ≃ 166
9
100
Bitumen   100  3.8%
2600
N2 = - 0.033 100
Gt 
 w1 w 2 w 3 w 4 w 5 
     
N1 = 0  G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 
100
=
13. Highway Materials and Testing  31.7 46.15 12.5 5.7 3 .8 
 2.63  2.51  2.46  2.43  1.05 
 
01. Ans: (a) = 2.41
Sol: k 1d 1  k 2 d 2 1100
Gm =  2.31
200  30  k 2 75 475
k 2  k of soil  80 N / cm 3
Gt  Gm 2.41  2.31
(a) Va =  100   100
Gt 2.41
03. Ans: (a)
Sol: E =
1.18 Pa 1.18  800  2

75   = 4.15%
 2.5  10 1 wb 3.80
(b) Vb =  Gm   2.31  8.36
= 141600 N/cm2 Gb 1.05
= 141.6 kN/cm2
(c) VMA= Vv + Vb = 4.15% + 8.36
04.
Sol: Total weight = 825+1200 + 325 +150 + 100 = 12.51 %
= 2600 gm Vb
VFB =  100
% wt of material ; VMA
825 8.36
A1   100  31.7% =  100
2600 12.51
1200 = 67 %
A2   100  46.15%
2600
325
A3   100  12.5%
2600
150
A4   100  5.7%
2600
05. Ans: Gt =2.48, Gm = 2.30 08. Ans: (a)

100 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Sol: G t 
w1 w 2 w 3 Book (Cha-12, 5th Question -pg: 1002)
 
G1 G 2 G 3
100 09. Ans: (c)
 = 2.48
60 35 5 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
 
2.72 2.66 1.0 Book (Cha-12, 10th Question -pg: 1003)
Va= 7%
Gt  Gm 10. Ans: (a)
Va  100
Gt Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
2.48  G m Book (Cha-12, 21st Question -pg: 1005)
7 100
2.48
Gm = 2.30 11. Ans: (d)
06. Ans: (c) Book (Cha-12, 30th Question -pg: 1006)
P2.5
Sol: CBR (%)=  100
Pst 2.5 12. Ans: (d)
60.5 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
=  100 = 4.4%
1370 Book (Cha-12, 56th Question -pg: 1011)
P5
CBR (%) =  100
Pst 5 14. Highway Construction and Pavement
Maintenance
80.5
=  100
2055
32. Ans: (c)
= 3.92 %
Sol: Refer previous GATE-(Cha-4, 2nd Question
Adopt higher one.
- 1 mark - pg: 888)
 CBR(%) = 4.4
35. Ans: (c)

07. Ans: (b)
Sol: Refer previous GATE-(Cha-4, 6thQuestion -
1 mark - pg: 888)
36. Ans: (d)

Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions 02. Ans: (c)
Book (Cha-13, 1st Question -pg: 1021)
Sol: N =

365 (1  r ) n  1  A  D  F 
r
38. Ans: (c) Assume F = 0.75
N=
 
365 (1  0.1)15  1  1610.51  3  0.75
rd
Book (Cha-13, 3 Question -pg: 1021) 0.1
= 42.02 msa
41. Ans: (d)
Sol : Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions A = P(1+r)n
Book (Cha-13, 4th Question -pg: 1021) = 1000 (1+0.1)5 = 1610.51
44. Ans: (d) 03. Ans: (b)

Sol : Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Sol: N = N1 + N2
Book (Cha-13, 8 th
Question -pg: 1022)
=
 
365 (1  r ) n  1  A  D  F
r
15. Pavement Design
N=
 
365 (1  0.075)10  1 2000  5  200  6
0.075
01. Ans: 34.22 msa = 57.8 msa
Sol: Assume lane distribution factor, F = 1
5
 7.5 
A  1000 1    1435.6 CVPD
 100 
N
 
365 1  0.075  1  1435.6  2.5  1
15
0.075
= 34.22 msa
04. Ans: F = 3.74, N = 25.86 msa

Sol:
S.No Wheel load % Total Traffic (Ni) EF [Fi]
1 2268 25 1
2 2722 12 2.07
3 3175 9 3.84
4 3629 6 6.55
5 4082 4 10.49
6 4536 2 16
7 4490 1 23.43
Ni = 59%
4
 Actual load 
EF   
 S tan dard load 
4
 2268 
(1)  EF1 =   1
 2268 
4
 2722 
(2)  EF2 =    2.07 ……
 2268 
N i f i 25  1  12  2.07  9  3.84  6  6.55  4  10.49  2  16  1  23.23
VDF  
N i 59
VDF = 3.74
Given LDF = 0.4
Total Traffic = 1860 cv/day
59
 Total commercial traffic (A) = 1860   1094.4 cv/day
100
N
 
365 1  0.075  1 1094.4  0.4  3.74 
20
0.075
N = 25.94 × 106 csa = 25.87 msa
05. Ans: 1.26

Sol:
Equivalent axle load and vehicle damage factor (VDF)
Axle load Number of load Equivalent factor Equivalent axle load
repetition
80 1000 (80/80)4 = 1 1000
160 100 (160/80)4 = 16 1600
4
40 1000 (40/80) = 0.0625 62.5
2662.5
 The equivalent axle load = 2662.5 kN
(1000  1)  (100  16)  (1000  0.0625)
VDF 
1000  100  1000
= 1.26
06. Ans: (d) Conventional Practice Solutions

Book (Cha-13, 2nd Question -pg: 1021) 01. 01. Given:
Mean deflection D  1.45m
07. And: (d) Standard deviation  = 0.107 mm
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Pavement temperature = T = 37oC
Book (Cha-13, 6th Question -pg: 1021) Moisture correction factor = K = 1.6
Allowable deflection Da = 1 mm
08. And: (b) (i) Characteristic deflection Dc =
D  1.45m
Book (Cha-13, 11h Question -pg: 1022)
Standard deviation  = 0.107 mm
09. And: (d) (ii) Standard temperature = 35o= as per
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions IRC
Book (Cha-13, 15th Question -pg: 1023) Deflection after temperature correction
Dc = (T –35)  0.0065
10. And: (a) = 1.557 – (37 – 35)  0.0065
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions = 1.544 mm
th
Book (Cha-13, 30 Question -pg: 1026)
Deflection after subgrade correction = K  03.

1.544 Sol:
= 1.6  1.544 = 2.47 mm After correcting for initial concavity loads
Thickness of granular overlay = 550 at 2.5 mm & 5 mm penetration = 55 & 78
Dc
kg respectively.
log10 DD a
Area of plunger of 5 cm diameter
2.47
= 550 log10 1 = 19.6 cm2
Pressure at 2.5 mm penetration
= 216.02 mm i.e 21.6 cm
55
= kg / cm 2
19.6
02. 78
Pressure at 5 mm penetration= kg / cm 2
Sol: No of Repetitions in an year = 365  19.6
 Mean weight 
4
CBR value at 2.5 mm
  80
  No.of axles
 Pr essure at plunger at 2.5mm penetration for stone
=
Pr essure as above for s tan dard stone
 1.5  4  2.5 
4
 3.5 
4
= 365    14     76     77 55 100
 80   80   80     4.0 percent
19.6 70
4 4 4
 4.5   5.5   6.5  78  100
   70     28     18 CBR at 5 mm   3.8 percent
 80   80   80  19.6  105
4 4 4 Adopt CBR = 4%
 8.5   9.5   10.5 
   11     11     11
 80   80   80 
04.
4 4 4
 11.5   12.5   13.5  Sol: Present traffic = 1000 cv/day
   12     15    7
 80   80   80  Traffic after completion of strengthening
 14.5 
4
 15.5 
4
= 1000 (1 + 0.1)5
  3   1
 80   80  = 1611 cv/day
= 365 [0.0344] No. of commercial vehicles per day in
= 12.579 axle design lane
= 1611  0.75
Cumulative standard axles
= 365  1611  0.75  3 [(1 + 0.1)15 – 1]
= 42.03 msa
So we can design for 50 msa traffic data 07.

2.5
Sol:  
SDBC 50 mm 2
DBM 50 mm = 1.25 cm
Aggregate layer 100 mm T2 – T1 = 54 – 10 = 44o C
CT Base 190 mm '  L  T
GSB 250 mm '
L
T
05. 1.25
L
Sol: Area of steel per metre length of 100  10  10 6  44
longitudinal joint L = 28.5 m
bf h w
AS  16. Rigid Pavements
100 SS
3.75  1.5  20  2400
 01. Ans: (a)
100 1400
= 1.93 cm2 per m length 2 .5
' 2
Sol: L =   3571.42cm
For 15 m length ( t 2  t1 ) 10  10 6 (45  10)
A st  15 AS = 35.71 m
= 28.93 cm2 ( = 50% of gap expansion joint)
06. Common data for Questions 02 & 03

bf h w 02. Ans: (a)
Sol: A S 
100 SS
C x Et
7  1.3  24  2400 Sol: w(e) =
 2
100  1400
0.92  3 105  10 10 6  16.2
= 3.744 cm 2 
2
Assume 1 cm diameter of bar
= 22.35 kg/cm2
3.744
No. of tie bar Required 
0.785
= 4.77  5
100
Spacing of tie bar =  20 cm
5
03. Ans: (d) Common data for Questions 06 & 07

1
 Eh 3  4
Sol: l   2  06. Ans: (c)
12k (1   ) 
2 c 2  0.8  10 4
1 Sol: L =   4.4 m c / c
 3  10 5  20 3  4
 cf 2400  1.5
 2 
 71.1 cm
12  8(1  0.15 ) 
Et a 07. Ans: (c)

w(c) =
3(1  ) l 200  s A s
Sol: L 
Bh c f
3  10 5  10  10 6  16.2 15
  
3(1  0.15) 71.1 200  1200 
4

 10  10 1 2
  no. of bars
= 8.75 kg/cm2 3.75  20  2400  1.5
= 8.72 c/c
Common data for Questions 04 & 05 width 3.75
No. of bars   = 12.5 ≃ 13
0.3 0.3
04. Ans: (a) No’s
1  7.2  18  1.5  2400
B h f rc
Sol: As =  2 08. Ans: (a)
 s  100 1700  100
 c f L 2400  4  1.2
=137.22 cm2/m Sol:  f  
2  10 4 2  10 4
Spacing = 

100  A 100  4  10
2
   0.576 kg / cm 2
As 137.22
= 57.23 cm ≃ 550mm c/c 09. Ans: (b)

05. Ans: (b) Book (Cha-14, 1st Question -pg: 1032)
d s 1  1700
Sol: L =   34.55 cm ≃ 35 cm
2 b 2  24.6 10. Ans: (c)
11. Ans: (c) 02. Ans: (a)

Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Sol:
Book (Cha-14, 8th Question -pg: 1033) Mid-
Speed Frequency
pt
Range PCU/hr qv q/v
12. Ans: (d) speed
(m/s) (q)
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions (v)
2.5 1 2.5 2.5 0.4
7.5 4 7.5 30 0.533
11.5 0 11.5 0 0
13. Ans: (b)
15.5 7 15.5 108.5 0.45
q
Book (Cha-14, 24th Question -pg: 1035) q=12 qv= 142.0  1.38
v
17. Traffic Engineering

Vt 
 q v  141  11.75 m / s
 q 12
01. Ans: (a)
Sol: Time mean speed Vs 
 q  12  8.69 m / s
50  40  60  54  45
 q / v  1.38
 Always the time mean speed is more than
5
(Vt) = 49.8 kmph space mean speed i.e, Vt > Vs
Vs  space mean speed

03. Ans: 40.91
1 1 1 1 1 1
     1
V 50 40 60 54 45 Sol: Speed of vehicle-A   50 kmph
1.2 / 60
V = 9.76
1
Vs = V  n = 9.76  5 = 48.80 kmph Speed of vehicle-B   40 kmph
1.5 / 60
1
Speed of vehicle-C   35.3 kmph
1.7 / 60
Average travel speed
50  40  35.3
(Vt ) 
3
= 41.8 kmph
n
Space mean speed (Vs ) 
1 
 
 vi 
3

1 1 1
 
50 40 35.3
= 40.91 kmph
04. Ans: 4000 veh/hr

q
Sol: Design flow rate 
pHF
q
PHF  06. Ans: (c)
4(q 15 )
V2
Volume during peak 15 min (q15) = 1000 Sol: SSD  0.278 Vt 
254 f
Peak hour volume (q)
65 2
= 700 + 812 + 1000 + 635  0.278  65  2.5 
254  0.4
= 3147 = 86.7 m
3147 S  SSD  L  86.7  5  91.7 m
 Design flow rate   4000 veh / hr 1000 V 1000  65
3147 C 
4000 S 91.7
≃ 709 veh / hr / lane
05.
07. Ans: (b)
Sol: Total frequency = 100
Sol: t  0.7 Assume
10
% frequency =  100  1
SSD  0.278 Vt = 7.78 m
1000
(i) 85th percentile speed is considered as a S  SSD  L = 12.78 m

safe speed from graph V85 = 65 kmph 1000 V
C  3129
(ii) th
98 percentile speed is considered as a S
design speed from graph V98 = 85 kmph ≃ 3130 veh/hr
th
(iii) 15 percentile speed is considered as a
minimum speed on the highway from
graph V15=35 kmph
08. Ans: (b)  k2   k

q = U sf k    U sf k  
Sol: S = SSD + L =20+6 = 26 m k j   2

1000 V 1000  40
C   1538 veh / hr / lane
S 26 k k 
= U sf  j  j 
 2 4
09. Ans: (c)
k 
Sol: = U sf  j 
 4
Given standard deviation (SD) = 8.8kmph
mean speed x  33kmph 1000 1
q = 70  
SD 8.8 7 4
Coefficient of variation  
x 33 = 2500 veh/hr
= 0.2666
11. Ans: (d)
10. Ans: (b)
Sol: Vsf = 80 kmph
Sol: q = uk
kj = 100 veh /km
 k
U = Usf 1   Vsf  k j 80  100
 k j  q max    2000 veh / hr
4 4
 k  k2  Vsf
 q = U sf 1   k  U sf k   Vs = (the speed corresponding to
 k j   k j  2
dq 80
For max traffic flow ; 0 qmax is Vs max) =  40 kmph
dk 2
dq  2k  12. Ans: 33 veh/km & 149 veh/km

 U sf 1    0
dk  k j  Sol: qm = 1700 veh/hr
2k 1000 1000
1– 0 km =  = 181.81
kj S 5.5
 V  k 
kj = 2k q m   m   m  Vsf
 2  2 
Usf = 70 km/hr 37.4
V   181.81 
1700   m   
1000 1000  2   2  V
kj  
s 7
vm = 37.40 kmph
k = kj/2 k kj
For q = 1000 veh/hr
181.81
Vm Vmax 30kmph
tan  = 
km K max (130  30)
37.4
v  (181.81  k ) Kmax = 130 veh/km
181.81
30
For normal condition Vmax   130
130  30
q = v.k = 39 kmph
37.4
1000   (181.81  k )  k  V  K 
181.81 K max   max  max 
 2  2 
4861.23 = (181.81k)k 39 130
2   ≃ 1268 veh/hr
4861.23 = 181.81 kk 2 2
k = 149 veh/km and k = 32.6 veh/km
15. Ans: (b)
≃ 33 veh/km  e  p 
280 w 1  1  
13. Ans: 35.7 kmph Sol: Qp =  w  3 
Sol: Vsf = 50 kmph 1 w
L
tj = 70 veh/km w = 14 m; e = 8.4 m
L = 35 m
Vsf  K j
50  70
q max    875 veh / hr Crossing traffic 1000
4 4 p= =  0.5
Total traffic 2000
K = 20 veh/km
Kj Kj K  8.4  0.5 
 280  141  1  
Vsf V0  14  3 
Qp 
70 70  20 1  14
  V  35.7 kmph 35
50 V
= 3733.33 PCU/hr
14. Ans: 1268 veh/hr
16. Ans: 2064.10 veh/hr
Sol: sign Start of
zone-y Sol: w = 6m ; p = 0.5
A S1 = 48 m S2 = ?
C B L = 20 m ; e = 5.5 m
S = 174 m
V  5 .5   0 .5 
280  61  1
Vmax  6   3 
=
6
30 1
20
K
30 Kmax Qp = 2064.10 veh / hr
17. Ans: 0.8% 20. Ans: 14.23 /veh , 1540 veh/hr

weaving traffic g
Sol: Weaving ratio = Sol: C = S 
total traffic Co
V13  V24  V43 S  Saturation flow
=
V13  V23  V24  V14  V43  V21
gi  effective green time
450  1090  600  310
= Co  Cycle time/Optimum signal cycle
450  200  1090  412  600  310
length
Weaving ratio = 0.80%
gi
18. Ans: (b)  Green Ratio
Co
1000 
yN  C = 2800  0.55
2500 
Sol:  y NS  0.4
700  = 1540 veh/hr
yS 
2500  2
Co  g 
1  i 
y E  900  di =
2  Co 
3000  V
 y EW  0.3 1 i
yw  550  s
3000 
90
y = yNS + yEW
1  0.552
= 2 = 14.2 /veh
= 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7 1000
1
2800
L = 12 sec
1.5L  5 1.5  12  5 21. Ans: (a)
Co = 
1 y 1  0.7
red time
Sol: Average delay at red signal is =
= 76.7 sec  77 sec 2
30
19. Ans: (d) 
2
Sol: y = 0.5 = ya+ yb
= 15 sec
L = 10 sec (or)
1.5L  5 1.5  10  5
Co=  = 40 sec
1 y 1  0.5
Alternative Solution: 23. Ans: (a)

Sol: Green Time = 27 sec
40
Cumulative arrival or departure
Yellow Time = 4 sec

30 Cumulative Total lost time, tL = Start up lost time
(No. of vehicles)
arrival
+Clearance lost time
20
= 2 + 1 = 3 sec
10 Effective green time ; g = G + y  tL
Cumulative
Departure
= 27 + 4 3 = 28 sec
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 3600 3600
Saturation flow rate; S = =
Time(s) h 2.4
From fig: = 1500 veh/hr
The average delay = The area between h  Time headway
cumulative arrival and cumulative departure g 
/Total no of vehicles (or) The hatched area Capacity of lane, C = S   i 
 Co 
in above figure/total number of vehicles
 28 
 The average delay = 1500   
 60 
1
5040  1 2040 = 700 veh/hr/lane
= 2 2
40
1
= 50  1 20  25  10  15 sec 24. Ans: (d)
2 2
Sol: Distance travelled by bicycle = 5 km
Time of travel, t = 40  15 = 25 min
22. Ans: (a)
Stop time = 15 min
Sol:
5
Critical lane volume on major road is Speed of bicycle = Vb  km / min
25
increased to 440 veh/hr/lane those for green
Let speed of stream is V km/min
time should be increased for major road and
Assume traffic density is the constant on
it remains same for minor road.
the road (K = Constant).
q
but K 
V
During journey relative speed of stream=V Vmax occur, when K = 0

Vb Vmax = 80 kmph
 5  Kmax occur when V = 0
 V  
 25  80
K max   106.67 veh / km
 60  0.75
 Vechicles / min
25
K  …….(1)  K  Vmax 
 5  Capacity of road, q   max 
V    4 
 25 
106.67  80
During stop (Vb = 0) q
4
 45 
 Vehicles / min q = 2133.33 veh/hr
15 45
K   …….(2)
V 15V
Equating (1) & (2) 26. Ans: (c)
 60   45  Sol: In R: 2,5 combination is possible 1,3 and
   
25
K     15   45 4,6 are not possible
 5  V 15V
V  
 25  27. Ans:
 5  Sol:
0.8  1  
 25V  Given:
5 Speed of the vehicle = 60 kmph
0.2 
25V Amber duration = 4 sec
5 Comfortable deceleration = 3m/sec2
 V
25  0.2 Car length = 4.0 m
 V = 1 km/min Intersection width = 14
V = 60 km/hr Longitudinal friction factor = 0.35
Perception reaction time = 1.5 sec
25. Ans: 2133.33 veh/hr
When the vehicle reaches section A, he sees
Sol: V = 80 – 0.75 K
K
the amber right. Hear, two situation are
Kmax
possible.
There are two possibilities
Vmax
V
Therefore, in both the situation, the required

SSD
duration is greater than the provided amber
14 m
duration hence the driver’s claim is correct.
4m
28. Ans: 0.1353
Sol: Probability that the gap is greater than 8 sec
(i) Driver decides to cross intersection: P (h  t) = e–t
Total distance to be covered  = rate of arrival per second
= SSD + 14 + 4.0 900
  0.25
v2 3600
SSD = (t) +
2 gf t = 8 sec
16.67 2 P (h 8) = e–0.25  8

= 16.67 1.5 
2  9.81 0.35 P (h  8) = 0.1353
= 65.47 m
Total distance to be covered 29. Ans: (a)
= 65.47 + 14 +4 = 83.47 m Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
distance Book (Cha-15, 4th Question -pg: 1040)

Time required =
speed of vehicle
30. Ans: (c)
83.47
= = 5.0 sec > 4 sec Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
16.67
(ii) He decides to stop the vehicle time taken to
stop the vehicle after sighting the amber Conventional Practice Solutions
light.
= Reaction time + time taken to stop the 01.
vehicle after application of brakes V1  V2  V3  V4
Sol: Time mean speed =
4
 5 
 60   0  20  35  40  45
= 1 .5   18  = 1.5 +5.55 
 3  4
 
  = 35 kmph
= 7.05 sec > 4 sec
Space mean speed =

n i
n
v i
4
 = 31.8 kmph
1 1 1 1
  
20 35 40 45
02.
Sol:
Mid speed Frequency
Speed range kmph Frequency f Commulative Frequency %
kmph %
Column- 1 2 3 4 5
0 – 10 5 12 1.41 1.41
10 – 20 15 18 2.12 3.53
20 – 30 25 68 8.00 11.53
30 – 40 35 89 10.47 22.00
40 – 50 45 204 24.00 46.00
50 – 60 55 255 30.00 76.00
60 – 70 65 119 14.00 90.00
70 – 80 75 43 5.06 95.06
80 – 90 85 33 3.88 98.94
90 – 100 95 9 1.06 100.00
Total 850 100.00
(1) Upper speed limit for regulation = 85th 03.

percentile speed 1000
Sol: (a) kj 
= 60 kmph L
Vsf = 60 kmph
(2) Lower speed limit for regulation = 15th
Vsf k j
percentile speed Theoretical capacity =
4
= 30 kmph 1000
 60
(3) Speed to check design elements – 98th 6.1

percentile speed 4
= 2459 veh/hr
= 84 kmph
(b) Maximum Theoretical capacity
3600 3600
= =
Time headway 5
= 720 veh/hr
04. L = 2n + R = 2  2 + 12 = 16 sec
Sol: q = k u 1.5L  5 1.5  16  5
Co  
q = k (42.76 – 0.22t) 1 Y 1  0.57
for q to be maximum = 67.5 sec
ya
dq
0 Ga  Co  L   0.32 67.5  16  29 sec
dk Y 0.57
42.76 – 0.44 k = 0 yb
Gb  Co  L   0.25 67.5  16  22.5 sec
k = 97.18 veh/km Y 0.57
u = 42.76 – 0.22  97.18
All red time for pedestrian crossing = 12
u = 21.38 km/hr
secs
q = ku
Provide anber time of 2 sec
= 21.38  97.18
Total cycle time = 29 + 22.5 + 12 + 4 =
= 2077 veh / hr
67.5 seconds
Comment: q is maximum when
V
Vsf
&q 
qj Rb All red Gb A2
2 2
31 sec 12 sec 22.5 sec 2
sec
2077
Ga A1 All red Ra
 veh  29 sec 2 12 sec 24.5 sec

Flow  
 km  sec
06.
0 veh 194.36 Sol:
97.18
km Saturation flow is 160 PCU/0.3 m with of
 veh 
density  
 km  approach
For road A: Saturation flow
05. 160 19
SA =   5066.673 PCU/hr
q 400 0.3 2
Sol: ya  a   0.32
Sa 1250 For road B: Saturation flow
q b 250 160 7.5
yb    0.25 SB    2000 PCU/hr
Sb 1000 0.3 2
Maximum flow road A = qA = 1360 veh/hr
Y = ya + yb = 0.57
Maximum flow for road B = qB = 310 Perception reaction time = 1.5 sec
veh/hr When the vehicle reaches section A, he sees
Flow ratio for road the amber light. Here, two situations are
qA 1360 possible.
A = yA    0.268
S A 5066.67
Flow ratio for road
qB 310
B = yB    0.155
S B 2000
SSD
Flow ratio for road
qB 310
B = yB    0.155 15 m
S B 2000
Lost time = 2n + R = 2(2) + 6 + 6 = 16 sec 4.6 m
Cycle time =
1 .5 L  5 1.516   5
  50.26 sec
1 y 1  0.268  0.155
ya
Green time for road A = C o  L 
4
0.268
= 50.5  16 (i) He decides to cross the intersection:
0.269  0.155
Total distance to be covered
= 21.86 sec
= SSD + 15 + 4.6
Say 21.9 sec
SSD = Lag distance + Brake distance
y
Green time for road B = B G  C  2
4  5
2  50  
v  5 18 
=
0.155
50.5  16  vt    50    1.5  
0.268  0.155 2a  18  23
= 12.64 sec Say 12.6 sec
Road Green Amber Red Cycle

07.
A 21.9 6 22.6 50.5
Sol: Given: =
B 12.6 6 31.9 50.5
Speed of the vehicle = 50 km/hr 2
Amber duration = 4.5 sec 0.83 + 32.15 = 52.98 m
Comfortable deceleration = 3 m/sec2 Total distance to be covered
Car length = 4.6 m = 52.98 + 15 + 4.6 = 72.58 m
Intersection width = 15 m
=
72.58 (i) Since it is urban area, as per IRC, design

Time required =
 5 speed = 30 kmph
 50  
 18  V2
(ii) Radius of curve at entry =
= 5.23 sec > 4.5 sec 127f
(ii) He decides to stop the vehicle f = 0.47
Time taken to stop the vehicle after sighting  Rentry
the amber light. 40 2
  26.8m say 27 m
= Reaction time + Time taken to stop the 127  30
vehicle after application of brakes (iii) Radius of curve at exist = (1.5 to 2) Rentry
 5  = 2  27 = 54 m
 50   0 
 18  (iv) Radius of central traffic island
 1.5   1.5  4.63
3 = 1.33  Rentry
= 6.13 sec > 4.5 sec = 1.33  27 = 35.91 m say 36 m
(v) Let width of carriageway at entrance e1
Therefore, in both the situation, the =8m
required duration is greater than the (vi) Width of weaving section
provided amber duration hence the driver’s e1  e 2
=  3.5
claim is correct. 2
N 88
w  3.5
08. 2
= 11.5 m
Sol:
300 650 415 (vii) Length of weaving section = 4w
400 250 = 4  11.5 = 46 m
(viii) Proportion of weaving traffic
W 500 Weaving traffic
550 E =
Total traffic
300  650  500  225
300 300 PNE 
300  650  500  225  415  300
350 400 225
= 0.7
500  600  650  300
PES 
500  600  650  300  300  300
S = 0.773
400  225  550  300 7 600

PSW  =   1800
400  225  550  300  350  250 100 300
= 0.7108 = 252 m
500  300  400  250 Length of runway after elevation down
PWN 
500  300  400  250  225  400 = 1800 + 252 = 2052 m
Temperature correction:
Maximum proportioning ratio gives Temperature at R.L = 600 m
minimum capacity 600
= 15 – 6.5 
 Pmin = Pwn = 0.698 1000
Capacity of the rotary = 11.1o C
 e  P  Difference between airport reference and
280 w 1  1  
=  w  3  standard atmospheric temperature
 W
1   21.6 – 11.1 = 10.5o C
 L
Apply correction of 1% per 1o C
 8  0.698 
280  11.51  1   Correction for temperature
 11.5  3 

 11.5  1
1   = 2052   10.5
 46  100
= 3351.71 veh/hr = 215.46 m
Corrected runway length = 2052 + 215.46

= 2267.46 m
l= 46 m W= 11.5 m Correction for Gradient
36 m
20% for 1% effective gradient
20
e1 = 8m e2 = 28m   2267.46  0.6
100
= 272.1 m
Actual length of runway = 272.1 + 2267.46
09. = 2539.55 m
Sol: Correction for elevation Check:
Basic length is increased by 7% per 300 m Total correction for elevation and
above M.S.L temperature
Correction for elevation
2267.46  1800 11.

  100
1800 Sol: End to end of runway
= 26% Chains Metres Gradient
According to 1CAO, this should not be 0–5 0 – 120 +1
more than 35%. 5 – 15 120 – 360 -1
15 – 30 360 – 720 + 0.8
10. 30 – 40 720 – 960 - 0.8
Sol:
(1) Turning radius: Chainage Elevation
2
V (m) (m)
R
125 f 0 100.00
2
50 120 101.2

125  0.13 360 98.8
= 153.85 m 720 101.68
(2) Horon jeff = n 960 99.76
2
0.388W
R
T Maximum difference in elevation
S
2
= (101.68 – 98.8)
W = Wheel bar of aircraft = 35 m
= 2.88 m
T = widen of taxiway pavement = 27 M
Total runway length = 960 m
S = distance between point midway of the
2.88
main gears and edge of taxiway pavement Effective gradient =  100
960
7.5 = 0.3%
6  9.75 m
2
0.388  352
R  126.75 m
27
 9.75
2
(3) Absolute minimum turning radius for
supersonic aircraft irrespective of any
speed = 180 m.
So, adopt turning radius = maximum value
of above 3 i.e. 180 m.
 
18. Railway Engineering .  h 2r  h 
2 2
18.1 GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF RAILWAY 2

 2rh  h 2
TRACK 4
h2 is neglected (being very small)
01. Ans: (b)
2
Sol: Grade compensations on curves:  h
8r
For BG : 0.04% per degree of curve 07. Ans: (a)
For MG: 0.03% per degree of curve Sol: Grade compensation = 2  0.04 %
For NG : 0.02% per degree of curve
= 0.08%
Therefore, in the present case, for 4 curve, Stipulated ruling gradient = 0.5%
the grade compensation is
Steepest gradient = 0.5%  0.08%
= 0.04 4 = 0.16%
1
 0.42% 
238
03. Ans: (b)
08. Ans: (c)
1
Sol: Ruling gradient in % =  100  0.4% Sol:
250
Curve resistance = 0.04%  D
Grade compensation at 0.04% per degree of
= 0.04  4 = 0.16%
Curve = 0.04 3 = 0.12%
1
Compensated gradient = 0.4  0.12 Ruling gradient =
150
= 0.28%
1
0.28 1   100 = 0.67%
  150
100 357
Compensated gradient
= 0.67  0.16
06. Ans: (c)
h = 0.51%
Sol: l/2 l/2
(2rh) 0.51 1
 
100 196
From circle property,

10. Ans: 91.26 kmph 11. Ans: 86.4 m

Sol: Given, D = 2 Sol: e = 12cm
1720 1720 Vmax = 85 kmph
R 
D 2 D = 7.6 cm (BG)
R = 860 mm Length of transition curves maximum of
The “weighted average” of different trains at following:
different speeds is calculated from the
equation (a) Based on arbitrary gradient of 1 in 720
n 1 V1  n 2 V2  n 3 V3  n 4 V4 L = 7.20  e
Weighted average =
n1  n 2  n 3  n 4 L = 7.20  12 = 86.4cm
15  50  10  60  5  70  2  80
V
15  10  5  2 (b) Based on rate of change of cant deficiency
V = 58.125 kmph L = 0.073 DVmax
GV 1.676  58.125
2 2
L = 0.073  7.6  85
e 
127R 127  860 L = 47.158cm
= 0.0518 m = 5.18 cm
Theoretical cant = Equilibrium cant + cant (c) Based on rate of change of super
deficiency elevation
= 5.18 + 7.60 L = 0.073e Vmax
= 12.78 cm L = 0.073  12  85
2
GV L = 74.46cm
e=
127 R
 Take maximum L = 86.4cm
12.78 1.676  V 2

100 127  860
V = 91.26 kmph 18. 2 TRACTIVE RESISTANCES AND
According to railway boards Speed formula HAULING CAPACITY
V  4.35 R  67 01. Ans: (b)
V  4.35 860  67 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
V  122.5 kmph Book (Cha-1, 2nd Question -pg: 1061)
Hence maximum permissible speed
(i.e lower of the two value) is 91.26 kmph
02. Ans: (c) 05. Ans: (c)

Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Book (Cha-1, 3rd Question -pg: 1061) Book (Cha-3, 6th Question -pg: 1070)
06. Ans: (b)

03. Ans: (c)
th Book (Cha-3, 7th Question -pg: 1070)
07. Ans: (b)
04. Ans: (b) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Book (Cha-3, 8th Question -pg: 1071)
08. Ans: (d)
18. 3 POINTS & CROSSING Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
01. Ans: (a)
09. Ans: (b)
Book (Cha-3, 1st Question -pg: 1070)
02. Ans: (a)

18.4 TRACK JUNCTION
01. Ans: (a)
Book (Cha-3, 2nd Question -pg: 1070)
03. Ans: (b)
18.5 PERMANENT WAY
Book (Cha-3, 3rd Question -pg: 1070)
03. Ans: (b)
04. Ans: (d) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Book (Cha-4, 3rd Question -pg: 1074)
18. 6 STRESSES IN RAILWAY TRACK 18.12 MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR

01. Ans: (a) RAILWAY TRACK
th
Book (Cha-4, 5 Question -pg: 1074) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
18.8 CREEP OF RAILS
01. Ans: (a) 18.15 STATION AND YARDS
th
Book (Cha-5, 10 Question -pg: 1078) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Book (Cha-6, 3rd Question -pg: 1082)
02. Ans: (d)
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions 02. Ans: (b)
Book (Cha-5, 11th Question -pg: 1078) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
18.9 SLEEPER
18.16 EQUIPMENT IN STATION YARD
01. Ans: (d)
01. Ans: (b)
02. Ans: (b)

18.17 SIGNALLING AND CONTROL
SYSTEM
01. Ans: (b)
03. Ans: (a)
Book (Cha-5, 9th Question -pg: 1078) 02. Ans: (a)
18.11 BALLAST Book (Cha-7, 3rd Question -pg: 1087)
01. Ans: (a)
Book (Cha-4, 6th Question -pg: 1074) 03. Ans: (c)

01.
04. Ans: (c) 1.35V 2
Sol: e eq 
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions R
Book (Cha-7, 5th Question -pg: 1087) 1.35  80 2

1719 / 3
05. Ans: (d)
= 15.08 cm
(i) Actual cont required
eth = eeq + C.D
06. Ans: (b) = 15.08 + 7.5
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions eth = 22.58 cm
th
Book (Cha-7, 7 Question -pg: 1088) eR
(ii) Permissible speed V 
1.35
18.19 TRACK MODERNISATION
22.58  1719 / 3
01. Ans: (b) 
1.35
= 97.9 kmph --- (1)
According to Railway Board formula
02. Ans: (c) V  4.4 R  70
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions 1719
th  4 .4  70
Book (Cha-6, 6 Question -pg: 1083) 3
= 98.68 kmph ----- (2)
03. Ans: (b)
Hence Vmax = 97.9 kmph [lower of (1) & (2)]
(iii) Length of transition curve
04. Ans: (c) (a) L = 7.2 e
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions = 7.2  22.58 = 162.586 m
th
Book (Cha-6, 8 Question -pg: 1083) (b) L = 0.073 D Vmax
05. Ans: (b) = 0.073  7.5  97.9
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions = 53.6 m
th
(c) L = 0.073 e Vmax 02.

= 0.073  22.58  97.9 0.8V 2
Sol: (i) S.E of Branch track =
= 161.37 m R
Hence provide L = 162.576  165 m 0.8  30 2

(iv) Offsets at every 10 m interval are 1719 / 6
calculated from cubic parabola equation as = 2.51 cm
follows -ve super elevation = (2.51 – 5) = - 2.49 cm
x3 x 3  100 x3 Maximum S.E on main line = 2.49 cm
Y  cm  cm
6 RL 6  573  165 5673.0 Theoretical S.E = 2.49 + 5 = 7.49 cm
x(m) y (cm) V2
7.49   0 .8
10 0.176 1719 / 3
20 1.408 V = 73.24 kmph ------ (1)
30 4.752 Maximum permissible speed
40 11.264 V = 4.4 R  70
50 22 1719
 4 .4  70
60 38.016 3
70 60.37 = 98.68 kmph ----- (2)
80 90.112 So adopt lower value of (1) & (2)
90 128.3 V = 73.24 kmph
100 176 0.8V 2
(ii) e th 
110 234.26 R
120 304.13 0.8  70 2
  6.84 cm
130 386.67 1719 / 3
140 428.94 eth = eact + CD
150 594 6.84 = eact + 5
160 720.87 eact = 1.84 cm
165 790.61
For branch track:
eact =  1.84 cm
eth = eact + CD
=  1.84 + 5 = 3.16 cm
0.8V 2 At mid point of curve (C)

e th 
R So changing of A
0 .8  V 2 560
3.16   3200   2920 m
1719 / 6 2
V = 33.64 kmph Change of B
Check: 560
 3200   3480 m
2
1719
Vmax  4.4 R  70  4.4  70 Chainage of valley point
6
n2 4
= 64.74 kmph  L   560  320 m from B =
n1  n 2  7
Hence V = 33.64 kmph is ok
240 m from A
04. Nx 2
RL of C = RL of A – N1 x +
2L
Sol: Deviation angle N = 0.03 – (0.04) = 0.07
350 = R.L of A – 0.03  280 +
Length of valley curve 0.07  280 2

Deviation angle 2  560

Rate of change of gradient 350 = R.L of A – 8.4 + 4.9
R.L of A = 353.5 m
7
  28 chains
0.25 Nx 2
RL of B = RL of A – N1 x +
Assume chain length = 20 m 2L
Length of valley curve = 560 m 0.07  560 2
= 353.5 – 0.03  560 +
Intersection of gradients is 2  560
RL of B = 356.6 m
4% R.L of valley point = RL of A – n1 x +
A C B
3% Nx 2
2L
240 m V 320 m 0.07  240 2
= 353.5 – 0.03  240 +
2  560
= 353.5 – 7.2 + 3.6
280 m 280 m = 349.9 m
(3200 m, 350 m)
05. 06.
Sol: Having capacity of loco motive Sol: (a)
1 Curve is starting from toe of switch and
=  3  21 end at theoretical nose of crossing
6
= 10.5 tonne  Using Coles method:
(a) On a straight track, train resistance Crossing number N = 12
= Resistance due to friction wave Curve lead = CL = 2GN
action + resistance due to speed = 2  1.676  12 = 40.224 m
10 = 0.0025 W + 0.0000015 WV2 Radius of outer curve Ro = 1.5G + 2GN2
W = 826.44 tonne = (1.5  1.676) + (2  1.676  122)
(b) Total Train resistance = 485.202 m
2
= 0.0025 W + 0.0000015V W + W  G
Radius of centre line = Ro –  484.364 m
1 2
rate of grade Switch lead  2R o d  2  485.202  0.12
10.5 = 0.0025  826.44 + 0.0000015 V2  = 10.79 m
 1  Lead = LL – SL
826.44 +  826.44  
 200  = 40.224 – 10.79 = 0
V = 58.9 kmph
(c) Total Train Resistance (b) Curve is starting from heel of switch
10.5 = 0.0025 W + 0.0000015 WV2 + and ends at TNC
0.0004  3  W Crossing number N = 16 = Cot α
W = 826.44 tonne Α = 3o 34  34.8 
10.5 = 2.0661 + 0.992 + (1.24  10-3) V2 Angle of switch P = 1o 3000
V = 77.47 kmph Gd
Radius of outer curve =
cos   cos 
(d) Total train Resistance
= 0.0025 W + 0.0000015 WV2 + 1.676  0.12

1
  
cos 1 3000  cos 3o 3434.8
o

0.0004  3  W + W  = 969.62 m
rate of grade
G
10.5 = 2.0661 + (1.24  10-3) V2 + 0.992 + Radius of centre line = R o   968.78m
2
4.1322
Lead = (G – d) cot
  
V = 51.66 kmph 2
 1.676  0.12cot
1 30  3 34 34.8
o o 07.
2 Sol: (i) B
= 35.1 m
Switch lead = 2R o d  2  969.62  0.12
R2
= 15.25 m R2
Curve lead = L + SL 12 m R1
R1
= 35.1 + 15.25 = 50.35 m
(c) Straight portion before TNC = x = 1.3 m
Curve is provided between heel of R1 – D
A C
switch and starting point of straight portion
N = 12 ;  = 1o 30 (ii) Since the intermediate portion is straight
 Cotα = 12 the crossing angle with be same. Let the

crossing number = 12
 α = 4o 45 49.11
Lead = x cosα + (G – d – xsinα)
     
 cot   
  2  α
= 1.3 cos (4o 45 49.11) + [(1.676 – 0.12 –

1.3sin (4o 45  49.11) cot α
 1o 30  4 o 45 49.11 
 
 2 
 
2GN ST 2GN
= 1.2955 + (1.448V 18.276)
= 27.76 m
Radius of outer curve =

G  d  x sin   Length of cross over = 2G +horizontal
cos   cos 
projection of straight portion + 2GN
Ro 

1.676  0.12  1.3sm 4 o 4549.11  = 4GN + ST
  
cos 1o 300  cos 4 o 45 49.11 
= 4 GN + (D – G)N – G 1  N 2
= 465.36 m
= (4  1.676  12) + (12 – 1.676)  12 –
G
Radius of centre line = Ro –
2 1.676 1  12 2
1.676 = 184.154 m
= 465.36  = 464.522 m
2
10. (ii) AE = CF = G.cot = 1.676×4

Sol: Let, Angle of crossing =  = 6.704 m
Number of crossing N = 4 
(iii) AC = 2 AB sin
G = 1.676m for B.G tack 2
Diamond crossing  142'10.48" 
 2  6.91 sin  
 2 
E G
A D = 1.688 m

G (iv) BD = G.cosec
2
/2    14 o 210.48 
= 1.676 × cosec  

B C F  2 
BD = 13.72 m
From CDF,
FD
sin = 19. Airport Engineering
CD
Where, FD = G
19.2 RUNWAY
G
Sin = 01. Ans: (a)
CD
CD = G. cosec 
Book (23rd Question -pg: 1096)
From figure,
02. Ans: (d)
AB = BC = CD = DA = G. cosec
AB = BC = CD = DA = 1.676 cosec
Book (2nd Question -pg: 1093)
We know that, N = cot
4 = cot 03. Ans: (a)

 = 14 210.48 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
Book (19th Question -pg: 1096)
(i) AB = BC = CD = DA
= 1.676.cosec(14210.48)
= 6.91 m
04. Ans: (c) 03. Ans: 4 km

Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions Sol: Runway length = 2460 m
Book (30th Question -pg: 1098) Correction for elevation (ICAO)
300 m  7%
05. Ans: (a)
486  x
x = 11.34 %
corrected length after elevation correction
19.3 GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF 11.34
  2460  2460 = 2738.964 m
RUNWAY 100
correction for temperature
01. Ans: (a) T2  T1
Sol: Length of runway under standard condition ART  T1 
3
= 2100 m
 30.2 
46.3  30.2
We have to increase 7% for every 300 m 3
elevation above ground so length of ART = 35.57
7
runway = 2100 +  2100 = 2247 m Temperature gradient 1000  6.5
100
486  x
02. Ans: (c)
x = 3.159
Sol: Runway elevation = 1000 m (above msl)
Temperature @ airport @ 486 m elevation
Airport reference temperature (ART) =
16C = 15  3.159 = 11.841
Airport standard temperature(AST) 1% increase in length for 1 above standard
= standard temperature at msl 6.5C for temperature. (3.5057o 11.841o) = 23.729
1 km height above msl 1%  1o change
AST = 15 6.5 = 8.5C x (35.57o  11.84%)
Rise in temperature as per x = 23.729%
ICAO = 16 8.5 = 7.5C Correction =

23.729
 2738.964  2738.964
100
= 3388.89 m
=
Correction for effective gradient 06. Ans: 2102.17 m

20%   1% effective gradient Sol: Length of runway = 1640 m
x  0.75% Elevation = 280 m
x = 15% Reference temperature = 33.5C

Total runway length = 1.15  3388.89 Effective gradient = 0.2%
= 3897.22 m Correction for Elevation (ICAO)
≃ 4000 m = 4 km For 300 m – 7 %
280  x
04. Ans: (d)
x = 6.53%
Sol: The runway length after being corrected for
elevation and temperature should further be 6.53
correction = 1640   1640
increased at the rate of 20% for every 1 % of 100
the effective gradient for 0.5%, 10% should = 1747.15 m

be increased. Correction for temperature (ICAO)
So runway length after correction of
ART = 33.5C m
temperature and elevation
 2845  Temperature gradient
= 2845 + 10  = 3129.5 ≃ 3130 m
 100  1000 m  6.5
280 m  x
05. Ans: (d)
Sol: Given Tm = 40oC x = 1.82
Ta = 25oC Temp @ airport @ 280 m elevation

2Ta  Tm = 15  1.82
ART 
3
= 13.18
2  25  40
 1% increase in length for 1 above standard
3
= 30oC temperature = 33.5o  13.18o
= 20.32o
1o  1% 
20.32o   x 08. Ans: (d)

x = 20.32%
Book (3rd Question -pg: 1093)
20.32
Correction =  1747.15  1747.15
100
09. Ans: (a)
= 2102.17 m Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
07. Ans: 0.36 % Book (16th Question -pg: 1095)
Sol:
10. Ans: (a)
Chainage Gradient Elevation
0 – 280 m
300 +1% (280 +0.01300) = 283
11. Ans: (c)
900 –0.5% 283–  600 = 280
100
0.5
1500 +0.5 280 +  690 = 283
100 12. Ans: (a)
1800 +1 283 + 0.01300 = 286
0.5
2100 –0.5 286 –  300 = 284.5
100
13. Ans: (d)
2700 0.4 284.5–  600  282.1
100
0.1
3000 –0.1 282.1–  300  281.8
100 14. Ans: (b)
 286  280 
Effective gradient =    100 = 0.36% Book (29th Question -pg: 1098)
 1640 
20% 1%
15. Ans: (b)
x  0.36% Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
x = 7.2% Book (33rd Question -pg: 1098)
Total length of runway = 1.072 2102.17
= 2253.5 m
16. Ans: (b) Corrected length, L = L + 130.67

Sol: = 2000 + 130.67
Speed of airplane = 800 km/hr = 222.22 m/sec
= 2130.67 m
Air temperature = 0oC
Speed of airplane
Mach number =
Speed of sound Correction for temperature:
o
Speed of round at 0 C = 331.5 m/sec Airport reference temperature,
as V  20.05 T (T in Kelvin)
T2  T1
= 20.05 273 =331.28 m/sec TR  T1 
3
222.22
 Moch number =  0.67 Where
331.25
T1 = mean of average daily temperature
= 35C
T2 = Mean of maximum daily temperature
01.
= 42C
Sol: Given
42  35
Basic length of runway = 2000 meters TR  35 
3
Elevation of airport site (RL) = 280 meters TR = 37.33 C
Monthly mean of average daily temperature
for the hottest month of the year = 35C We know that,
Monthly mean maximum daily temperature Standard atmospheric temperature at mean
for the same month=42C sea level = 15 C
Effective gradient = 0.12 % Taking the temperature gradient as equal to
Correction for Elevation: 6.5C per 1000 m rise in Elevation, the
(Recommendation of ICAO), standard temperature at the airport site will
The basic length is to be increased at the rate be,
of 7% per 300 m elevation above mean sea- Temperature at given elevation
level.
 280 
 15  6.5   13.18C
Therefore,  1000 
7 Elevation Rise in temperature from standard
Correction    Basic length
100 300
temperature
7 280
   2000 = TR TS
100 300
= 37  13.18
= 130.67 m
= 23.82 C
ICAO recommends, Correction for gradient

Correction for temperature shall be 1% for 20
  0.12  2638.19
every 1C rise in temperature. 100
1 = 63.32 m
Correction =  (rise in temperature) × L
100
1 Final runway length = L + 63.32
  23.82  2130.67  507.52 m
100 = 2638.19 + 63.32
Corrected length, L = 2130.67 + 507.52 = 2701.51 m
L = 2638.19 m
19.4 TAXIWAY DESIGN
Check:
As per ICAO, total correction for sum of 01. Ans: 400 m
elevation and temperature shall not exceed Sol:
35% of basic runway. (i) Horonjeff’s equation:
0.388 w 2
R
Length total correction for elevation and 0.5T  S
temperature. 0.388  17.7 2
 = 55.50 m
= 130.67 + 507.52  6.62 
0.5(23)   6  
= 638.19 m  2 
(ii) Turning radius

Total correction in percentage
V2 80 2
638.19 R  = 393.85 m
  100 125f 125  0.13
2000
= 31.9 % < 35 % (iii) The minimum radius of sub sonic
Hence Accepted. aircraft is 135 m
Turning radius = Maximum of three
Correction for gradient: conditions
(Recommendation of FAA), = 393.85 m
Runway length shall be further increased at R ≈ 400 m
the rate of 20 % for energy 1% of effective 02. Ans: (b)
gradient after being corrected for elevation Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
and temperature. Book (12th Question -pg: 1094)
(iii)The absolute minimum turning radius for

supersonic aircraft irrespective of any speed
01. = 180 m.
Sol: Given: The maximum value among the above three
Turning speed, V = 60 kmph is 221.54 m. Hence the radius is
Wheel base, W = 35 m approximately 221.54 m.
Tread of main landing gear, T = 4 m
Co-efficient of friction, f = 0.13
Width of taxiway ,T = 22.5 m 19.5 PLANNING AND DESIGN OF
TERMINAL AREA & VISUAL AIDS
The following three values of R shall be
worked out, and maximum of three will be 01. Ans: (c)
final radius of taxiway. Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
2 2
(i) R
V

60
 221.54m Book (1st Question -pg: 1093)
125f 125  0.13
02. Ans: (d)

(ii) Horonjeff’s equation Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
2
0.388W Book (4th Question -pg: 1093)
R
T
S
2
03. Ans: (a)
Where S is distance between point midway
of main gears and the edge of taxiway
pavement.
T
S = edge distance + 04. Ans: (a)
2
(Assume edge distance as 6 Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
m) Book (8th Question -pg: 1094)
4
S  6  8 m ….. (1)
2 05. Ans: (d)
Substituting equation (1) in Horonjeff’s Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
equation Book (11th Question -pg: 1094)
0.388  35
2
R = 146.25 m
0.522.5  8
06. Ans: (a) 14. Ans: (b)

Book (13th Question -pg: 1095) Book (32nd Question -pg: 1098)
07. Ans: (d) 15. Ans: (a)

th
Book (14 Question -pg: 1095) Book (34th Question -pg: 1099)
08. Ans: (c) 16. Ans: (b)

th
09. Ans: (d) 17. Ans: (c)

Book (17th Question -pg: 1095) Book (36th Question -pg: 1099)
10. Ans: (a) 19. Ans: (a)

st
Book (21 Question -pg: 1096) Book (42nd Question -pg: 1099)
11. Ans: (c) 20. Ans: (b)

nd
12. Ans: (d) 20. Harbour Engineering

Book (27th Question -pg: 1097) 01. Ans: (c)
13. Ans: (d) Book (2nd Question -pg: 1105)
Book (31st Question -pg: 1098)
02. Ans: (a) 10. Ans: (c)

th
03. Ans: (d) 11. Ans: (c)

th
04. Ans: (b) 12. Ans: (b)

05. Ans: (c) 13. Ans: (d)

th
06. Ans: (a) 14. Ans: (d)

th
07. Ans: (c) 15. Ans: (d)

th
08. Ans: (a) 16. Ans: (a)

th
09. Ans: (b) 17. Ans: (b)

18. Ans: (a) 26. Ans: (c)

Book (21st Question -pg: 1108) Book (30th Question -pg: 1110)
19. Ans: (d) 29. Ans: (c)

nd
Book (22 Question -pg: 1108) Book (31st Question -pg: 1110)
20. Ans: (a) 31. Ans: (a)

rd
Book (23 Question -pg: 1108) Book (33rd Question -pg: 1110)
21. Ans: (b) 32. Ans: (d)

22. Ans: (a) 21. Tunnel Engineering

Book (26th Question -pg: 1109) 01. Ans: (d)
23. Ans: (d) Book (4th Question -pg: 1115)
Book (27th Question -pg: 1109) 02. Ans: (b)
24. Ans: (d) Book (5th Question -pg: 1115)
Book (28th Question -pg: 1109) 03. Ans: (a)
25. Ans: (a) Book (6th Question -pg: 1116)
04. Ans: (d)

th
Book (7 Question -pg: 1116) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
05. Ans: (d)
Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions 12. Ans: (d)
th
06. Ans: (c)
Book (9th Question -pg: 1116) Sol: Refer previous ESE-Obj-(Vol-2) solutions
07. Ans: (b)
th
08. Ans: (d)
th
09. Ans: (b)
th
10. Ans: (b)

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11 Transportation Engineering

(Solutions for Text Book Practice Questions)

01. Highway Development and Planning

01. Ans: (d)

Number of with population

P 20 8 6 1 80.5+61+12 = 12 12/20 = 0.6

Q 28 19 8 4 190.5+81+42= 25.5 25.5/28 =0.91

R 12 7 5 2 70.5+51+22= 12.5 12.5/12=1.04

Weightage factor 0.5 1 2

04. Highway Geometric Design ‐

Common data for Questions 01 & 02 01.

For a driver with 6/9 vision (with defective

04. 06. Highway Geometric Design –

02. Ans: (d) 4s

05. Ans: (d)

07. Highway Geometric Design –

01. 01. Ans: (a)

Common data for Questions 04 to 06 b 2.4

05. Ans: (b)

06. Ans: (c)

02. 08. Horizontal Curves (Extra Widening)

04. Ans: (c) 02. L

09. Set Back Distance and Curve  180 L 180  180

Problems on Curve Resistance  S L

02. = 500 – 488.7 + 5.08

Conventional Practice Solutions 01. Ans: (d)

02. Ans: (d) 05. Ans: (c)

Common data for Questions 03 & 04 06. Ans: (c)

04. Ans: (a)

100 2 Common data for Q 04 & 05

06. Ans: (a)

08. Ans: (c) N1L

12. Highway Geometric Design – Valley

SSD = 180 m 0.033  180  180

02. Ans: (b) Nx 2 0.033x 2

05. Ans: Gt =2.48, Gm = 2.30 08. Ans: (a)

35. Ans: (c)

36. Ans: (d)

44. Ans: (d) 03. Ans: (b)

04. Ans: F = 3.74, N = 25.86 msa

S.No Wheel load % Total Traffic (Ni) EF [Fi]

05. Ans: 1.26

06. Ans: (d) Conventional Practice Solutions

Deflection after subgrade correction = K  03.

So we can design for 50 msa traffic data 07.

06. Common data for Questions 02 & 03

03. Ans: (d) Common data for Questions 06 & 07

Et a 07. Ans: (c)

= 57.23 cm ≃ 550mm c/c 09. Ans: (b)

11. Ans: (c) 02. Ans: (a)

17. Traffic Engineering

Vs  space mean speed

04. Ans: 4000 veh/hr

(i) 85th percentile speed is considered as a S  SSD  L = 12.78 m

08. Ans: (b)  k2   k

dq  2k  12. Ans: 33 veh/km & 149 veh/km

17. Ans: 0.8% 20. Ans: 14.23 /veh , 1540 veh/hr

Alternative Solution: 23. Ans: (a)

Yellow Time = 4 sec

During journey relative speed of stream=V Vmax occur, when K = 0

Therefore, in both the situation, the required

16.67 2 P (h 8) = e–0.25  8

distance Book (Cha-15, 4th Question -pg: 1040)