identify the patterns of a

written texts from the reading

selection;

distinguish one pattern from the

other by looking at its
similarities and differences;

critique a chosen sample reading

text of each pattern of
development by focusing on
information selection,
organization, and development.
 The teacher will group the class into
five (5). Each group will be given one
(1) reading text with process questions
in it to be analyzed. After 5 minutes,
each group will present their analysis
in front of the class.
A discourse is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic,
where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and
logical manner. Also, it refers to the way how language is used
to convey meanings or to propel action or provoke a specific
response. It is often associated with speech, but it may also be
written. It usually serves as a writer’s or a scholar’s analysis
of a concept or theory proposed by another writer.
A discourse that aims A discourse that A discourse that
to inform provides a aims to persuade aims to amuse
descriptive and tries to convince provides a source of
comprehensive the readers that entertainment
discussion on the the proposed claim for its readers.
topic. It points out or solution is
what one should know better than any
about a topic or other proposal.
subject
Factors influencing the writer to make certain claims

Culture
Social environment

Experiences
 In this type of discourse, the writer aims
to persuade the audience or readers. He or
she presents valid claims or counterclaims,
each supported by evidence, to prove a point.
In proving claims, the writer presents
studies, experts’ opinions, and statistical
data, among others. Moreover, an
argumentative discourse should
appeal to logic or reason
instead of emotion.
Example: A recent study confirmed that playing
video games may cause children to become violent.
However, this is only true for some children. Dr.
Charlotte Cooper and Dr. Markey Vitasa of ABC
University explained that children who manifest a
combination of three personality traits―high
neuroticism, disagreeableness, and low levels of
conscientiousness―are more likely to be
aggressive toward others after playing video
games.
This type of discourse is based on the
main impression of the author about the
topic or subject. His or her impression
is influenced by prior knowledge,
culture, environment, and experiences,
among others. As the writer describes
his or her observations, it triggers
sensory images among readers.
Example: Feeling oddly as though his legs had
turned to lead, Harry got into line behind a
boy with sandy hair, with Ron behind him, and
they walked out of the chamber, back across the
hall and through a pair of double doors into
the Great Hall. Harry had never even imagined
such a strange and splendid place. It was lit
by thousands and thousands of candles which
were floating in mid-air over four long tables,
where the rest of the students were sitting.
These tables were laid with glittering golden
plates and goblets. At the top of the Hall was
another long table where the teachers were
sitting.
(excerpt from the Harry Potter and The Sorcerer's Stone)
This aims to inform, clarify,
and explain a phenomenon. It
defines what something is and
provides an in-depth discussion
about topics that are usually
less explored. Moreover, it
gives reader instructions on how
something is done.
Example: How to set up an email account
1. Choose the web host.
2. Look for the sign up button. Click it.
3. Provide the required information.
4. Think of a unique username and a
password. (Tip: For the password, type in
uppercase or add characters.)
5. Start using the newly setup email
account
 This type of discourse is like
storytelling. It recalls events
chronologically. It is told in the
first, second, or third person point
of view. Moreover, its structure may
be linear or nonlinear. A linear
structure follows a typical format:
beginning, middle, end; while a
nonlinear structure may start from
the end or in the middle.
 Example: I saw the ‘Closed’ sign
dangling from the shop window, but I
could hear someone moving inside. I
stood on tiptoes to look through the
glass and saw a pair of eyes staring
back at me.
 A literary discourse is generally focused on
creative works, including nonfiction. Also,
it includes texts that are used strictly for
business communication.
3 types of literary discourse

Poetic
Expressive
Transactional
This type of discourse is commonly found in
creative works like poems, novels,
short stories, and plays. It focuses on how
language is used to form themes and convey
ideologies. Some meanings in creative works
are explicit, while some are implied,
especially in poems. Ordinary words,
especially those used in a poem, are
made appealing through sound patterns.
Example:
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

The Road Not Taken (An Excerpt)

By Robert Frost
This type of discourse is commonly found
in academic journals, letters, diaries,
and blogs. It is a personal narrative
and is typically written in the first
person point of view. In the process,
the writer reveals something about his
or her identity. In literary terms,
expressive discourses are referred
to as creative nonfiction.
Example: Everyone at school is waiting to hear
what happens next. Who will move up a
class, and who will stay down? We’re all trying
to guess! I think my girlfriends and
I will be OK, though we’ll have to wait
patiently to find out. Most of my teachers
like me, but old Mr. Keesing gets angry with me
because I often talk too much! He
made me do some extra homework and write about
‘Someone Who Talks Too Much.

The Diary of a Young Girl (An Excerpt)

By Anne Frank Sunday, 21 June 1942.
This type of discourse is
commonly found in instructional
materials, advertisements, and
editorial articles, among others.
It is directive in nature as it
provides detailed information on
how something is done or
achieved. Moreover, it encourages
the reader to do something or to
take action.
 Example: How to Cook Procedure:
Chicken Tinola 1. Prepare all the ingredients.
Ingredients: 2. Heat the pan in a medium flame.
1/2 kg chicken wings Add 2–3 tablespoons of oil.
1 red onion, peeled and 3. Sauté garlic, onion, and
sliced ginger. Add chicken wings and
1 clove of garlic, peeled sauté for 3–4 minutes.
and crushed 4. Pour 3–4 cups of water. Let it
1 small ginger, peeled and simmer.
julienned 5. Add the papaya. Simmer until
1 small green papaya, the chicken becomes tender.
peeled and cut into wedges 6. Add the malunggay leaves.
1-2 stalks of malunggay 1 7. Add salt and pepper to taste.
teaspoon of salt 8. Serve and enjoy.
1 teaspoon of pepper
3-4 cups of water
 An academic discourse is expository or
argumentative in nature. Sometimes, it
presents an individual’s insights regarding a
concept or method in a scholarly way.
 A book review on The Hunger Games by
Suzanne Collins (Hunger Games: Book 1)

The first thing that struck me about the book, beyond

the smart, polished prose and the immediately
compelling protagonist Katniss, was the depth of
insight into human life which Collins so deftly
exhibits. Almost from the first page, as with
Rowling's Potter novels, the reader is struck with a
sense that here is something special—that often
ineffable quality which so many writers lust to
possess but which is rarely achieved, that this book
in some strange way resonates with the deepest
realities of human existence, or at least of human
existence at this time in history.
Structures of academic discourses
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
 Its ideas are There is There is use of
linked logically. logical repetition,
organization reference,
and conjunctions,
development connectives and
of the theme. other
transitional
devices.
Answer the following:
Why do we need to go
to college?

Is it possible that
our college education
may “uneducate”
rather than educate?
Read the text “College Uneducation by Jorge Bocobo
After reading the essay, explain why it is considered an
academic discourse and not a literary discourse, or vice
versa. Support your claims by citing lines from the essay.
 ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY

1. After the thrilling roller coaster

ride, Sarah felt utterly delirious,
laughing uncontrollably and
struggling to articulate her
thoughts.
a) Energized
b) Confused
c) Calm
 ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY

2. The politician's speech was filled

with clever arguments that aimed to
deceive rather than inform, revealing a
masterful use of sophistry.
a) Honesty
b) Deception
c) Simplicity
 ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY

3. During the literature discussion,

Mark's overly detailed and nitpicky
comments about grammar and punctuation
were seen as pedantic by his classmates.
a) Precise
b) Annoyingly meticulous
c) Casual
 ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY

4. The professor's monotonous lecture

and lack of engaging examples
contributed to the overall dullness of
the class, with many students struggling
to stay awake.
a) Boredom
b) Excitement
c) Enthusiasm
 ENRICHING YOUR VOCABULARY

5. The hungry teenager proceeded to

devour the entire pizza, leaving no
slice for the rest of the family
a) Share
b) Consume eagerly
c) Preserve
Read the text “College Uneducation by Jorge Bocobo
After reading the essay, explain why it is considered an
academic discourse and not a literary discourse, or vice
versa. Support your claims by citing lines from the essay.
 COMPREHENSION CHECK

1. How does the author

describe the impact of
excessive reliance on books
on students' thinking
abilities?
 COMPREHENSION CHECK

2. According to the author,

what negative consequences
arise from the students'
focus on professional
efficiency?
 COMPREHENSION CHECK

3. Provide examples from

the text that illustrate
the author's perspective on
the dullness of modern
life.
 COMPREHENSION CHECK

4. What danger does the author

identify in the philosophy of
life becoming narrow and mean
due to overemphasis on
material well-being?
 COMPREHENSION CHECK

5. What virtues of Juan de la

Cruz does the author admire
and contrast with highly
educated individuals?
 1. Who am I
2. My Home Sweet Home
3.My favorite book
4.My favorite fictional character
5.My favorite author
6.My favorite hobbies
7.How I see myself 5 years from now
8.Journal Entries