Exercise 15.

5
In answers requiring GDC output, we will first give the answer, and the GDC screens will appear at
the end of the exercise or part.
1. (a) This is just adding entries from the table:
P ( X  2 ) = 0.5248 ; P (1  X  3) = 0.8448

(b) E( X ) =  xP( x) = 0  0.1296 + + 4  0.0256 = 1.6

V( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − ( E( X ) ) = 0.96
2

(c) E(Y ) = 9 − 2E( X ) = 5.8; V(Y ) = 4V( X ) = 3.84

2. (a) k = 1 −  p( x) = 0.13

(b) Adding entries from the table:

P (12  X  14 ) = P( X = 13) + P( X = 14) = 0.48

P ( X  14 ) = 0.13 + 0.07 = 0.20

(c) E( X ) =  xP( x) = 11  0.25 + + 15  0.07 = 12.57

V( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − ( E( X ) ) = 112  0.25 + + 152  0.07 − 12.57 2 = 1.4251

2

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(d) (i) E (Y ) = 2E ( X ) = 25.14 ; V (Y ) = 4V ( X ) = 5.7004

(ii) See GDC output below.

(e) (i) E ( Z ) = 2E ( X ) = 25.14; V ( Z ) = 2V ( X ) = 2.8502

(ii) This can sensibly be done using a spreadsheet.

x1 x2 p(x1) p(x2) Z P(Z) ZP(Z) Z2P(Z)

11 11 0.25 0.25 22 0.0625 1.375 30.25
11 12 0.25 0.2 23 0.05 1.15 26.45
11 13 0.25 0.35 24 0.0875 2.1 50.4
11 14 0.25 0.13 25 0.0325 0.8125 20.3125
11 15 0.25 0.07 26 0.0175 0.455 11.83
12 11 0.2 0.25 23 0.05 1.15 26.45
12 12 0.2 0.2 24 0.04 0.96 23.04
12 13 0.2 0.35 25 0.07 1.75 43.75
12 14 0.2 0.13 26 0.026 0.676 17.576
12 15 0.2 0.07 27 0.014 0.378 10.206
13 11 0.35 0.25 24 0.0875 2.1 50.4
13 12 0.35 0.2 25 0.07 1.75 43.75
13 13 0.35 0.35 26 0.1225 3.185 82.81
13 14 0.35 0.13 27 0.0455 1.2285 33.1695
13 15 0.35 0.07 28 0.0245 0.686 19.208
14 11 0.13 0.25 25 0.0325 0.8125 20.3125
14 12 0.13 0.2 26 0.026 0.676 17.576
14 13 0.13 0.35 27 0.0455 1.2285 33.1695
14 14 0.13 0.13 28 0.0169 0.4732 13.2496
14 15 0.13 0.07 29 0.0091 0.2639 7.6531
15 11 0.07 0.25 26 0.0175 0.455 11.83
15 12 0.07 0.2 27 0.014 0.378 10.206
15 13 0.07 0.35 28 0.0245 0.686 19.208
15 14 0.07 0.13 29 0.0091 0.2639 7.6531
15 15 0.07 0.07 30 0.0049 0.147 4.41
25.14 2.8502

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 The last two entries give the following:

 Z =  ZP( Z ) = 25.14; Z2 =  Z 2 P( Z ) −  Z2 = 2.8502

You will not be asked to perform such calculations on exams. The exercise is
meant to help you demonstrate the theory mentioned in the chapter.

3. (a)

X P(X) Y P(Y)

1 0.166667 1 0.25

2 0.166667 2 0.25

3 0.166667 3 0.25
4 0.166667 4 0.25

5 0.166667

6 0.166667

(b) E( X ) =  xP( x) =1  0.166667 + + 6  0.166667 = 3.5

V( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − 352 = 12  0.16667 + + 36  0.16667 − 3.52 = 2.917
E(Y ) =  yP( y ) =1  0.25 + + 4  0.25 = 2.5
V(Y ) =  y 2 P( y ) − 2.52 = 12  0.25 + + 16  0.25 − 2.52 = 1.25

(c) Let Z = X + Y. Then the possible values of Z are 2, 3, …, 9. Z = 2 happens when both
dice land on 1. P( Z = 2) = P( X = 1)  P(Y = 1) = 0.166667  0.25 = 0.041667

Z = 3 happens when X = 1, Y = 2, or when X = 2, and Y = 1.

P( Z = 3) = 0.166667  0.25 + 0.166667  0.25 = 0.083333
The table shows all the possibilities.

Z P(Z)
2 0.041667
3 0.083333
4 0.125000
5 0.166667
6 0.166667
7 0.166667
8 0.125000
9 0.083333

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 (d) (i) E( Z ) =  zP( z ) =2  0.166667 + + 9  0.083333 = 6
V( Z ) =  z 2 P( z ) = 22  0.16667 + + 81  0.083333 − 62 = 4.167

(ii) E( Z ) = E( X ) + E(Y ) = 3.5 + 2.5 = 6

V( Z ) = V( X ) + V(Y ) = 2.917 + 1.25 = 4.167

2
4. Using the results found in the section, E ( X ) =  and Var ( X ) = , we first find
n
1 1
 =  xP( x) = 1  + + 6 = 3.5, and
6 6
1 1
 2 =  x 2 P( x) = 12  + + 62  − 3.52 = 2.917
6 6
2
E ( X ) =  = 3.5 and Var ( X ) =  Var ( X ) =
2.917 2.917
= = 0.2847
n 36 36

5. (a) (i)  P(m) = 1  10k 2

+ 139k − 14 = 0  k = 0.1
We ignore the negative value of k because it will result in a negative
probability.
(ii) The updated pdf is:
m 1 2 3 4 5

P(m) 0.01 0.48 0.06 0.20 0.25

E( M ) = 1  0.01 + 2  0.48 + + 5  0.25 = 3.2

(iii) V( M ) = 12  0.01 + 22  0.48 + + 52  0.25 − 3.22 = 1.68

(b) (i) E( N ) = 2E( M ) + 3E( M ) = 5E( M ) = 16

(ii) Var( N ) = 4Var( m) + 9Var( M ) = 21.84

6. (a) E( X + Y ) = E( X ) + E(Y ) = 10, Var( X + Y ) = Var( X ) + Var(Y ) = 3

(b) E( X − Y ) = E( X ) − E(Y ) = −4, Var( X − Y ) = Var( X ) + Var(Y ) = 3
(c) E(2 X + 3Y ) = 2E( X ) + 3E(Y ) = 27, Var(2 X + 3Y ) = 4Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 17
(d) E(2 X − 3Y ) = 2E( X ) − 3E(Y ) = −15, Var(2 X − 3Y ) = 4Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 17

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7. We first need to find E(X) and E(Y). Recall the formula for the variance:
Var( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − ( E( X ) ) = E ( X 2 ) − ( E( X ) )
2 2

 E( X ) = E ( X 2 ) − Var( X )

Thus, E ( X ) = 9 − 2 = 7 , and E (Y ) = 16 − 3 = 13

Note: The chance of error here is mixing up what the statement of the problem says.
X and Y are independent. This does not mean that X and X or Y and Y are independent.
E( X 2 )  E( X )E( X )

(a) E( X + Y ) = E( X ) + E(Y ) = 7 + 13, Var( X + Y ) = Var( X ) + Var(Y ) = 5

(b) E( X − Y ) = E( X ) − E(Y ) = 7 − 13, Var( X − Y ) = Var( X ) + Var(Y ) = 5
(c) E(2 X + 3Y ) = 2E( X ) + 3E(Y ) = 2 7 + 3 13,
Var(2 X + 3Y ) = 4Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 35
(d) E(2 X − 3Y ) = 2E( X ) − 3E(Y ) = 2 7 − 3 13,
Var(2 X − 3Y ) = 4Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 35

8. E ( X ) = 12 − 5 = 7 , E (Y ) = 6 − 2 = 2
(a) E(2 X + Y ) = 2E( X ) + E(Y ) = 2 7 + 2, Var(2 X + Y ) = 4Var( X ) + Var(Y ) = 22
(b) E( X − 3Y ) = E( X ) − 3E(Y ) = 7 − 6, Var( X − 3Y ) = Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 23
(c) E(2 X + 3Y ) = 2E( X ) + 3E(Y ) = 2 7 + 6,
Var(2 X + 3Y ) = 4Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 38
(d) E(2 X − 3Y ) = 2E( X ) − 3E(Y ) = 2 7 − 6,
Var(2 X − 3Y ) = 4Var( X ) + 9Var(Y ) = 38

9. (a) E( X ) =  xP( x) = 1.05  0.6 + 0.95  0.4 = 1.01

Var( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − ( E ( X ) ) = 1.052  0.6 + 0.952  0.4 − 1.012 = 0.0024

2

(b) Possible lengths: 1.05 + 1.05, 1.05 + 0.95, or 0.95 + 0.95

x 2.1 2 1.9

P(x) 0.36 0.48 0.16

E( X ) =  xP( x) = 2.1  0.36 + 2  0.48 + 1.9  0.16 = 2.02,

Var( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − ( E( X ) )
2

= 2.12  0.36 + 22  0.48 + 1.92  0.16 − 2.022 = 0.0048

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 (c) Possible lengths: 1.05 + 1.05 + 1.05 = 3.15, …

l 2.85 2.95 3.05 3.15

P(l) 0.064 0.288 0.432 0.216

E( X ) =  xP( x) = 2.85  0.064 + + 3.15  0.216 = 3.03,

Var( X ) =  x 2 P( x) − ( E( X ) )
2

= 2.852  0.064 + + 3.152  0.216 − 3.032 = 0.0072

10. (a) The amount of juice is the sum of two normally distributed variables.
Let J be the amount of juice dispensed, and so
J N (  = 40 + 260, 2 = 52 + 82 ) = N ( 300,89 )
P ( J  305 ) = 0.298

(b) The amount of a double, D, is the sum of two J variables.

D N ( 600, 2  89 ) = N ( 600,178 )
P ( D  590 ) = 0.227

(c) The amount of a double, D, is twice the J variable.

D N ( 600, 4  89 ) = N ( 600,356 )
P ( D  590 ) = 0.298

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11. The difference between the diameters is a difference between
two normally distributed variables.

D N ( 0.9 − 0.8,0.052 + 0.0062 ) = N ( 0.1,0.002536 )

P ( 0.003  D  0.008 ) = 0.007

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