AP® PHYSICS 2 TABLE OF INFORMATION

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, m p = 1.67 ¥ 10 -27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e = 1.60 ¥ 10 -19 C
Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 ¥ 10 -27 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60 ¥ 10 -19 J
Electron mass, me = 9.11 ¥ 10 -31 kg Speed of light, c = 3.00 ¥ 108 m s
Universal gravitational
Avogadro’s number, N 0 = 6.02 ¥ 1023 mol -1 G = 6.67 ¥ 10 -11 m 3 kg s 2
constant,
R = 8.31 J (mol K) Acceleration due to gravity
Universal gas constant,
at Earth’s surface, g = 9.8 m s2
Boltzmann’s constant, kB = 1.38 ¥ 10 -23 J K
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 ¥ 10 -27 kg = 931 MeV c 2
Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 ¥ 10 -34 J s = 4.14 ¥ 10 -15 eVs
hc = 1.99 ¥ 10 -25 J  m = 1.24 ¥ 103 eV nm
Vacuum permittivity, e0 = 8.85 ¥ 10 -12 C2 N  m 2
Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1 4 pe0 = 9.0 ¥ 10 9 N  m 2 C2
Vacuum permeability, m0 = 4 p ¥ 10 -7 (T m) A
Magnetic constant, k ¢ = m0 4 p = 1 ¥ 10 -7 (T m) A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm = 1.0 ¥ 10 5 N m 2 = 1.0 ¥ 10 5 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT
second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, ∞C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

      
Factor Prefix Symbol q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90
12 tera T
10 12 35 45
sinq 0 2 2 3 2 1
10 9 giga G
cosq 1 3 2 45 2 2 35 12 0
10 6 mega M
10 3 kilo k tanq 0 3 3 34 1 43 3 •
10 -2 centi c
10 -3 milli m The following conventions are used in this exam.
I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless
10 -6 micro m otherwise stated.
10 -9 nano n II. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system.
-12 III. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which
10 pico p positive charge would drift.
IV. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Assume edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor
unless otherwise stated.
VI. For any isolated electrically charged object, the electric potential is
defined as zero at infinite distance from the charged object

AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Table of Information: Equations 1 of 3

© 2020 College Board

 AP® PHYSICS 2 EQUATIONS

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

= ax t a = acceleration 1 q1q2 A = area
x x0 FE =
A = amplitude 4 pe0 r 2 B = magnetic field
1 2 d = distance C = capacitance
x = x0 x0 t at
2 x E = energy FE d = distance
E =
2 2 F = force q E = electric field
x = x0 2ax x - x0 f = frequency e= emf
1 q
I = rotational inertia E = F = force
F F 4 pe0 r 2
a = = net K = kinetic energy I = current
m m
k = spring constant UE = q V = length
Ff m Fn L = angular momentum P = power
= length 1 q Q = charge
V =
2 m = mass 4 pe0 r q = point charge
ac = P = power
r R = resistance
p = momentum V
p = mv E = r = separation
r = radius or separation r t = time
p=F t T = period Q U = potential (stored)
t = time V = energy
C
1 2 U = potential energy V = electric potential
K = mv A
2 v = speed C = e0 v = speed
W = work done on a d = dielectric
E = W = F d = Fd cos q
system Q constant
x = position E = = resistivity
E e0 A
P= y = height
t q = angle
= angular acceleration 1 1 2
1 2 UC = Q V = C V = flux
q = q0 m= coefficient of friction 2 2
0t t
2
q = angle
= 0 t = torque Q
I =
= angular speed t FM = qv ¥ B
x = Acos t = A cos 2p ft 1
Us = kx 2
mi xi 2 R= FM = qv sin q B
x cm = A
mi Ug = mg y
P=I V
FM = I ¥ B
2p 1
= = net T = = V
I I f I =
R FM = I sin q B
= r F = rF sin q m
Ts = 2 p Rs = Ri
k i = B A
L = I B

L= t Tp = 2 p 1 1
g = = B cos q A
Rp i
Ri B
1 2 m1m2
K = I Fg = G Cp = Ci
2 r2 e=- B
i
t
Fs = k x Fg 1 1
g = =
m Cs Ci e=B v
i
Gm1m2
UG = - m0 I
r B=
2p r

AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Table of Information: Equations 2 of 3

© 2020 College Board

 AP® PHYSICS 2 EQUATIONS

FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMAL PHYSICS WAVES AND OPTICS

m A = area v d = separation
= =
V F = force f f = frequency or
h = depth focal length
F c
P= k = thermal conductivity n= h = height
A
K = kinetic energy L = distance
P = P0 gh L = thickness n 1 sin q1 = n 2 sin q2 M = magnification
m = mass m = an integer
Fb = Vg n = number of moles 1 1 1 n = index of
=
N = number of molecules si so f refraction
A1v1 = A2 v2
P = pressure s = distance
hi s
1 Q = energy transferred to a M = = i v = speed
P1 gy1 v2 ho so
2 1 system by heating = wavelength
1 T = temperature L = m q = angle
= P2 gy2 v2
2 2 t = time
d sin q = m
U = internal energy
Q kA T
= V = volume
t L
v = speed GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY
PV = nRT = NkBT W = work done on a system
Rectangle A= area
y = height A = bh
3 C= circumference
K = k T = density
2 B V= volume
Triangle S = surface area
W = -P V 1 b = base
A = bh
2 h = height
U =Q W
= length
Circle
w= width
A = pr 2 r = radius
C = 2 pr
MODERN PHYSICS
E = hf E= energy Rectangular solid Right triangle
f = frequency V = wh
K max = hf - K= kinetic energy c2 = a2 b2
m= mass Cylinder a
h sin q =
= p = momentum c
p V = pr 2
= wavelength b
S = 2 pr 2pr 2 cos q =
2 = work function c
E = mc
a
Sphere tan q =
b
4 3
V = pr c
3 a
2
S = 4 pr q 90
b

AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Table of Information: Equations 3 of 3

© 2020 College Board