WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 59-4 ASTIA DOCUMENT NO. AD 209388 REAL GAS FLOW TABLES FOR NONDISSOCIATED AIR LOUIS G. KAUFMAN IL AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY JANUARY 1959 WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTERNOTICES When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement operation, the United States Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto, Qualified requesters may obtain copies of this report from the Armed Services Technical Information Agency, (ASTIA), Arlington Hall Station, Arlington 12, Virginia, This report has been released to the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Com- merce, Washington 25, D. C., for sale to the general public. Copies of WADC Technical Reports and Technical Notes should not be returned to the Wright Air Development Center junless return is required by security considerations, contractual obliga- tions, or notice on a specific document.WADC TECHNICAL REPORT 59-4 ASTIA DOCUMENT NO. AD 209388 REAL GAS FLOW TABLES FOR NONDISSOCIATED AIR LOUIS G. KAUFMAN IL AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY JANUARY 1959 Task 70155, Project 7065 WRIGHT AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER AIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BA‘ , OHIOFOREWGRD This report was initiated by the Fluid Dynemice Research Erench of the Aeroneuticel Research Leboratory, wright Air Development Center, Wright-Petterson Air Force Bese, Ohio. The report was written by 1/Lt. Louis G. Keufmen II, Ph.D. under Tesk 70135, entitled "Hypersonic Flow Techniques", of Project 7065, entitled "Lxperinente) Techniques in Aero-hechenics", Lieutenent Keufmen was both Iask Scientist end Froject Scientist during the writing of this report, cc 6 IND Tie utter 4s tadented to Haj. charles A. Scoletti for initieting interest in compiling the tebles given herein. ‘The sincere gratitude | of the author ta also extended to-Dr, biles S: baverds end hie rey Ee sruen of, the Digital Couputetion Sronch ofthe seronauticel reaeereh | Laboratory for programming the equetions for calculation by a lerge digital computer (UNIVAC, Remington Rand "Scientific" 1103-4). Louis G. Kaufman II WADC TR 59-4ABSTRACT One-dimensional, high-speed sir flow characteristics are tebuluted herein, Stagnation pressure and temperature; density ratio across & normel shock weve; and hech number, static pressure and temperature, and stagnetion pressure end tempereture behind a normal snock wave are tabulated for several sets of given conditicns wich ere free-streau: Nech number and stetic pressure end temperature, The Beattie-Bridgenan equation of state, widely accepted ag one of the best, empiricel, pre: sure-tempereture-density relationships for air, is used in tue celcule- tions, The equation includes the effects of moleculer vibretionel energy which become important for high speed flows; the neglect of these effects in perfect ges law tables leads to considerable errors, even when so-called correction fectors are included, Tae tables herein cover the renge of flight and wind tunnel conditions wherein the vibre- tionel effects ere important but before dissocietion effects becoue | importent. PUBLICATION REVIEW ‘This report has been reviewed and is approved. FOR THE COMMANDER Chief, Fluid Dynemics Reseerch Branch Aeronauticel Research Laboratory WADC TR 59-4. aaSection Introduction 6 6 ee ee ee Levelopment end Use of Tables... 1 ee ee Beettie-Eriggenen bquetion for Air... leuletion Erecedures - ee ee ee Use of Mblee . ee ee Conperisons with Other Ges Lew Flow Tebles . conclusions |e ee es aeferences se ee ee ee bppendix 1) 1, J, b end L Celevieticn irocedure . appendix II; Sets of Independent Veriebles for Tebles Teble 1; Flow Cherecteristics for Free Flight Conditions . Yeble I1; Flow Cherecteristics for wind Tunnel Conditions ea aww ~~ na 3 97LIST GF SWBOLS ‘The principel syubcls used herein ere defined below. All other symbols ere fully defined when used in the text. Digitel computation mechine notetion for decimsl point locetion is used in the tables; e. 1,234-07 = 1.234010°7, 3,541 02 = 3,542+10%, 9.876 = 9.875+10° = 9.876 . Fege symbol Definition first used 4, f,@ Functions of only t defined in Appendix I 9 end h D Density ratio ecross normal shock wave, D = A/A, 3 I,J, ‘ : ena £ Functions of P end T defined in appendix T 3 u ach number 3 P Pressure (in atmospheres) 2 R Ges constent, R = 0,73024(atm.ft?/1b.n0l.°R.) 2 t The inverse of the temperature, t = 1/T 9 t ‘Temperature (in degrees Rankine) 2 x x= mess + a?) 3 Yend 2 Functions defined in Appendix I 9 Y Ratio of specific heats 9 e Density (in pound moles per cubic foot) 2 Subseripts* OL Indicates free-streem stagnation conditions 3 1 Indicetes free-stream static conditions 3 02 Indicetes stagnation conditions behind normal shock 3 2 Indicates stetic conditions behind a normal shock wave 3 * Digitel computation machine notation for subscripts is used in the colunn heedings of Tables I end 11; e.g+: Fy) = POL, 7, = 72, waDe TR 59-1 vINIRODUCTILN Air no longer ects ee perfect ges under the conditions of high pressures end high temperatures enccuntered in high-speed flowa; the use of the perfect ges lew in celculeting high-speed flow cherecter- istics leeds to significent errors. Correction fectora have been epplied to perfect-ges-lew tebles but these leeve much to be desired im both eccurrcy end eese of use (Ref. 1). Cao of the uain filings of the perfect ces lew is thet it excludes the effects of moleculer vibretionel energy vhich become inportent for high-speed eir flow: The Beettie-bridgemen thermal equeticn of stete includes the vibra tionel energy effects and is widely eccepted as one of the best em- piricel ges lews for air es long e& no eppreciable dissociation occurs (Refs, 2-5). The value of using the Beattie-Bridgenen equation for high-speed air flow celculeticns has long beon ecknowledged (hefs. 3 - 5) but, perhaps beceuse of its complexity, it has not previously & utilized in tabuleting high-speed air flow cherecteriatics. The fol- lowing tebles ere compiled for the flight and wind-tunnel conditions for which vibrational energy effects are important but before dissocie- tion effects, which eppeer at higher speeds and altitudes, becone dominent. DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF TABLES ‘The equations end calculetion procedures used im obtaining the following tables and examples of the use of the tables are shown below. ‘The Beettie-Bridgeman equation of state and its range of applicability are given, The gas lew nd one-dimensional iseatropic expansion and normal sheck weve flow equaticas are embodied in am iterative numerical procedure used in obtaining the tables. Examples ere provided of the engineering use of the tebles and the results of using the Beattie- Bridgeman gas equation are compered with those of the perfect cas equetion with and without correction fectors. BEATTIE BRIDGEMAN EQUATION FOR ALK ‘The Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state relates pr ure, density januacript released by the author in January 195¢ for publication WADC Techmicel Report, WADC TR 59-h Lend tempereture end may be written for sir es (sefs. 2 - 5) PRD + (0-73859 - 3a - se03had00) 27 iT eos ec de + (c.r302 + 028 BSE Fa ~ Ee @ t where: P ig the pressure in atmospheres; ¢ is the density in pound moles per eubie foot; R is the ges constant, R = 0.7302i(atm.cubic ft./1b.mol.°K.); and ] is the temperature in degrees Rankine. ‘The Beattie-Bridgeman equation has been well verified experimen- telly within the renge of aplicability discussed below. The pressure 1 and tenperature must be such thet neither condensation nor dissccietion occurs and the pressure should never exceed about 250 atmospheres (Ref. 2, pe 253). Hence, throughout the flow, the pressure end temper- ature velues must remein within the ere shaded in Fig. 1. Condense- tion wculd cecur to the left of the region, dissceiation would occur to the right of the region end the pressure would exceed 250 atmospheres pbove the region, The following tables are restricted to ceses for whieh ell velues of the pressure and tempereture throughout the entire flow process remain withia the region of validity shown in Fig. 1. 10,00 1,009} 20 x y P (atm) 0,03] (CONDENSED DISSCCL 0.003} 0.0002] 20003) 0.000001 = — ~ 20 50 100 200 500 1,000 10,000 50,000 T (°R) Figure 1, Range of Validity of Beattie-Bridgeman Gas Equation WADC TR 59-4, (eeeCALCULATICN ¥RUCEDI The Eeattie-Eridgemen equation and the compressible one-dinen- sions] flow equations for isentropic expansicn and normal shock waves are used in obteining the following, numericel, iterative procedure used in celculating the tebles herein, tion! yield across a normal shock wave; and the bach number, stetic pressure and temperature, and stagnation pressure and temperature downstream of the normal shock we For given free-stream condi- of bach number and static pressure and temperature the procedure isentropic stegnetion pressure and temperature; density ratio ‘The following symbols end subscripts are used in the celculation procedure. is the density retic ecross # normel shock weve, D I, J, K and L, functions of F and T, are shown in Appendix I Wig the baeh number P ig the pressure in atmospheres T ie the temperature in degrees Femki: x= m?/(53 + n°) 1 gnation conditions tream static conditions 02 indicates stagnetion conditions behind a ncrmel shock wave 2 indicates static conditicns behind « normsl shock wave ‘The subscripts on I, J, K and L indicate the P and T values to be used in caleuleting I, J, Kend L. For exemple, I, is # function of only i, and T, and Ly, is @ function of only F Le 2. 3e be Pyy Ty and My are given Tys Tye K and Ly ave calculated using the equations shown in ‘ 259, + 192 X, im caleulated using x, = 183/(53 + 1465) Tp, 18 calculated using 7) = T(3, + 0-2Tyh]) Poy is celeuleted using Py, Joy and Koy are caleuleted using the equations shown in Appendix I ao velue is celeuleted using ¥ADC TR 59-4e. 10. ne 15. 16. 1 18. For Kon Tox "9 : Aj new. velue ds then celevleted using B= E(t, o OAM ; how Jp, end Koy veluss aze celeuleted using the To, #84 Pp, velues i of stece 7 end 6 in the equations shown in Appendix T of tet" tha 9 are iterated until wucceeding peire of values of cu’ Zon" For 884 Toy seree to four oF more significant figures. vabet egrczimeticns to the static prossure and tenpersture downs Firat epee eM jormnl shock weve ere calculeted using the perfect-gea- lew flow equations 2 2 Ty (me - Dy + Ss 1 a 3 38) shown in Appendix I . p= (mE = Det end 1, ond L, ere calouleted using the equation bis celculeted using the following quadretic, the smaller of the ‘two roots is used as the value of D yh, - qe + x (7 - LD + LP - 1, = 0 | ie celeuleted using X, = 40° ¥yLA(2 = Xp) Pp, is celoulated using Pp = ee 27 BG -%) Tog (2 = Xo) 7, de celeuleted using 7, = 2° ——= 2 2 3p steps 12 through 16 are iterated until succeeding pairs of veluce Gt des Lys De igs Fp end T, sree te four oF mere significant figures 1, end H, ere celeuleted using the equations shown 4m Appendix I 2. ae bo, de calculated using B= QS 2 2° Ta - yp) Ag e firat epproximetion, T,, is calculated using Ty, = 75,7 e first epprt ion, Tp, is calculated us 2 * Foro p.pr.\305 A ve! c 4 = of 02 Jog #d Hyg #70 clewlnted using ‘the equations shows in Appendix I Typ is celeuleted using Top = JoyToro2 P K 3 steps 22, 2) end Zh are iterated util succeeding peirs of values of Fg, and Typ agree to four or nore significent figures Wade TR 59K 4The results of the ebove celeuletion procedure: i, end Z,, fren step 10; D, F, end 1, from step 17; hi, from step 19; and +). end 1, conditions from step 25; are tebuleted for several acts of the give) Py, Tend hye Usa GF TABLAS: ‘The one-dimensional flow cheracteristics calculated in the nenner described above are tebuleted in Tables I and Ii for severel sets of given free-stream conditions corresponding to those eaccuntered in free flight and those eacountered in wind tunnels, Standard digitel-conpu- tation mechine notation for decimel point lcceticn is used in the tebles; the notation is best expleined by considering « few example: 1.234-07 = 1.234610 754432 02 = 5.432010", 9.876-01 = 0.9676. ‘The tables cover the pressure-tempereture region of validity for the Beattie-Bridgenan equation shown in Fig. 1. The first teble lists free flight conditions for eltitudes from sea level up to 310,000 feet. the ARDC Model Atmosphere (Ref. 6) is used to relete the altitude with the stetie pressure end tempereture. it grecter eltitudes the eir in the stucaphere is dissociated sufficiently to invalidste the use cf the Beattie-Bridgemen equetion (Ref. 7). The second table liste severe] sets of free-streem conditions covering those thet would occur in supersonic or hypersonic wind tunnels. Soue of the relatively smell Waeh aumber velues ere excluded from the second table becouse perfect- gas-lav flow tebles (Ref. 1) are valid for these coscs. Free-streen Mach number increments of ome tenth ere used throughout both tebles. ‘The renge of free-streem Mach-nunber velues and the free-streem static pressure and temperature values used im the two tables are shown in Appendix II, It is contemplated thet the usual use of the tebles for the free-stream stagnation conditions will be in determining the stag- nation conditions required for isentropic expansion to given static conditions and Mach aumber in the test section of s wind tunnel cr else what static conditions mey be obtained in a wind tunnel with given stagnation conditions. Sinee the tebles herein involve three independent variebles rather than the single independent variable i, of perfect-ges-lew flow tables (Ref. 1), it is necessary to use # more complex interpoletion scheme if the values of flow characteristics are desired for interzediary values of these listed for the given conditions. Triple interpolation is generally necessary for three independent variables. The first table relates the static pressure and temperature to altitude. Thus there are actually just two independent variebles, altitude end free-stream Mach number, and so only double interpolation is necessary, An exemple is considered to demonstrate the procedure to be followed. Sey it is desired to find the value of M, at an altitude WADC TR 59-4, 5of 66,000 ft. for My = 4.73. The table shown below in Fig. 2(e) is completed by reeding the indicated h, velues directly fram Teble I, he first interpoletion is then made with respect toN,. At an alti- tude of 80,000 ft., ordinery interpoletion indicates that, for My = 4.73s the value of hy is: Hz = O.4)52 + 043064229 ~ O6ii152) = Oodle Velues of h My = 473 be? 4.8 Altitude My whist | O.L129 0,000 O-GLb ouane | oh 90,000. 044139 (a) (>) Pigure Z. Exemple of Firet Step of Double Interpolation Similerly for 90,000 ft. the velue cf Mz for My = 4.73 is found to be 0.4139. These two celoulrted velues of Mp for My = 4.73 ere tabuleted in e second teble es shown in Fig. 2(b). Ordinary interpolation is then used to find the desired velue of Mi, at an eltitude of 86,000 ft. for By = We73i Ky = Ooldbdy + 066(044239 = OobLuh) = O61. ‘The second table, for wind tunnel conditions, has three independent veriebles end so triple interpolation is necessary. Sey it is desired to find Ty, for P, = 0,005, T, = 160 and M, = 8,89. The two tables shown below in Fig. 3(a) ere completed by reading the indicated Tp) values directly from Table II, Crdinary interpolation for the values Velues of Tp, for hy = 8-8 Values of ,, for M, = 8.89 1 P 150 175 175 3.003 | 2,308 | 2.055 2,700 oreo _| 21293 | 2.636 21680 Values of To, for H, = 6.9 = 160 and My = 8.89 * tm | 0.003 2,489 02010 2.7) ®) (c) igure 3. Example of First Two Steps of Triple Interpolation sacof T)) for hy = 8.89 then yields the table shown in Fig. 3(b). The second interpoletion, similer to the one discussed in the preceding pereereph, yields the table shown in Fig. 3(c). For example, the value of To, for Fy = 0,003, Ts 160 and By 8,89 shown in the table in Fig. 3(¢) is celeuleted using: Tp, = 24949 + 42(2,700 - 24349) = 24409. 4 third interpolation yields the desired result for the value of Tp) for = : = + 21005 = 0,003, = 8,69: To = 26U69 + DtO39-= os oog ee472 Py = 0,005, 7) = 160 end ¥, 0 1 ~ 2,469) = 2,48. COhraRISUNS WITH UTHER GAS Law FLOW TABLES ‘The increesed eccurecy of the tebles presented herein es compared to tables using the perfect ges lew, both with end without correction foctors, is illustreted below in Fig. 4. ‘Two exemple sete of conditions, chosen at rendom, ere considered; the first set, from Table I, is for see level conditions end W, ‘the second set, from Table Il, is for P= 0.001, 1 = 500 and The perfect gas law results differ 1 most from those obtained using the Beattie-Bridgemen gas law. Correc- tion factors heve been applied to the perfect gas lew results (Ref. 1) but even these differ by as mich es five percent fram those obtained ‘Altitude = 0 m= as] CORRECTED | BEATTIE = Law| FERFSCT | pipyect | BRIDGEMAN | BRIDGEMAN Po, | 152-8 | 262.9 | 156.0 [9.766 16.68 Ty | 2.178 2,068 2,047 6,900 5,888 D 0.2168 0.2058 0.2067] 0.1797 0.1498 Mz | 0.4350] 0.4298] 0.4291] 0.3929 0.3669 Pz | 18.50 | 18.80 | 18.77 | o.o7u50 | 0.07726] 0.07713 T | 2,099 2,009 1,999 6,695 5764 54778 Poo 21.07 21.21 21.20 0.08289 0.08415, 0.08407, Th. [ 2.178 | 2,068 z,060 [6,900 | 5.918 | 5,892 Figure 4. Comperison of Three Different-Gee-Law Flow Tebles CONCLUSIONS One-dimensional flow peremeters are tebuleted herein using the Beattie-Bridgeman equetion of stete which includes the effects of moleculer vibrationel energy, These tables extend over the entire pressure-tempereture region wherein the Beettie-Bridgeman equation is valid, ‘The flow parameters presented are those most frequently required for analyses of supersonic and hypersonic air flows. WADC TR 59-4 7REFBAGNCES 1 ames Reseerch Staff; Lquations, Tables, end Charts for Compressible Flow; NACA Report 1235; 1953. lirschfelder, Joseph 0., Curtiss, Cherles F. and Bird, R. Byron; Molecular Theory of Geses end Liquide; John Wiley end Sons, Inc.; New York; 1954; Pp. 253 - 256. 3 Crown, J. C.; Flow of a Beattie-Bridgeuan Gas with Verieble Specific Heat; NAVORD Report 2146} November 1951. 4 Ry &. Rendell; GDF, ARC, Inc.; Thermodynemic Properties of Airs Tebles end Crephs Derived from the Beattie-bridseman }quetion of State Assuming Verieble Specific Hests; ABDC TK 57-6; August 19575 ASTIA AD-135331- 5 B. 5, Rendell; GD, ARC, Inc.; Thermodynamic Froperties of Geses: Eguetions Derived from the Beettie-Bridzemen Lquetion of State Agsuuing Verieble Specific Heets; ALDC TR 57-10; August 1957; ASTI AD=135332. 6 MAnener, K. A. and Ripley. W. S.; The ARDC Model Atmosphere, 1956; AFCRC Th 56-204; December 1956; ASTIA 4D-110233. 7 Keufmen, Louis G. II end Scheuing, Richard A.; An Introduction to Hypersonies; Cruimen Aircreft ingineering Corporetion heseerch Depertment Report RE - 62; October 1956; pegs 27. WADC TR 59-4 8 ‘Barer ieeiooifii1, J, K AND L CALCULATION PROCRDURE, The Beattie-Bridgemen equation in the form shown on page 2 yields the pressure in terms of the density end temperature. In serodynamic studies the pressure and tempereture ere usually given rather than the density and tempereture, ‘Therefore the equation is rewritten to give the density in terms of the pressure and tempereture (Refs. 3 - 5); this conversion leads to the functions I, J, K and L which ere evaluated using the calculetion procedure shown in this epyendix. I, J, K and L ere functions of only F and T thet result from rewriting. the ges law kg. (1); thus the seme subscript must apply to 1, J, K and L as applies to F end T, 1. Pend T ere given 2 The inverse of the temperature, t, is celculated using t = 1/T ‘The seven functions e, b, c, a, f, g and h, functions of only ty ere celculeted using the following equations = 0.73659 + t(-457.18 - 44054,300¢) e b = 0.23026 + 4(141.42 - 2,994,508) © = -528,100t7 a = -1.3694(8t) f£ = 1,8753t*(2e" - b) g = 2,566007[5a(b - 2”) - ] n= 3.516784 {37 + a[be + 7a(ze* - 3»)]} ‘The density 7, a functicn of P and T, is then calculated using e = 1.3¢9urtfi + Pf + PE + P(e + oP} The retio of specific heats, ¥ , is celculeted using > 0,068589{(1 + 6,208,600?) + (0.73859 + 0.13026e)]} yf + Ales + (3b + heey]? where 2 Y= 0.17147 + 504,760 veist t 2 t imnsoa) * 55+%*(mmeaory, + (+3) 668,500 + 0(616,160 + 72,4hie)] The functions I, J, K end L ere then calouleted using 1 = Ef + PBs + C30 + beri] WADC TR 59-h, 9. 1,386.5, _ 229.37 eqi03 - 26h. 53.5008 yee Geet, a ae |" efe.crios ~ cta.aut = 446534500" + (0.037216 + 60.60 - .80083)] = 301,706¢) 10.8 | —b0b6t tot ye0e6t — 3 SHOU 3 x = Lexsourt|e eS pet [1 2 0 Cee 72 o hotat where 2 = (0.73859 + 8,208,60083) + €7[o.065129 + +9(,994,500 + s5z.o70e]] Le) Th + P+ eee + oe + we} CTR 59-4 10APPENDIX II SETS OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR TABLES The sets of the independent veriebles, F,, T, and hy. for which the flow cherecteristics are tabuleted in Tables I and II ere listed in this Appendix. The F, end 1, values end the renge of values of hy are shown; Mi, tekes on #11 values increasing by increments of 0,1 in the renge shown for each pair of P, and T, values. SETS OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR TABLE I ALTITUDE (ft. ) P, (etm) By (OR) RANGE OF Ky 0 1.0000 518.69 Yr thru 4.3 10,000 0.68783, 483.04 lao We 20,000 0.45991 7043 lo kg 30,000 0.29754 411.86 Vio" 5.3 yo,000 0.18577 389.99 lao 5.7 50,000 0.11512 389.99 aos ba 60,000 0.071366 389.99 Ll 6 6.6 70,000 OL04u264, 389.99 lao 69 80,000 0.027467 369.99 lao 25 90,000 0.017149 402.48 laos 8. 100,000 0.010909 418.79 lalo* 6. 110,000 00070629 435.09 lio" 6. 120,000 0.006485, 451.37 lo 9. 130,000 0.003063 467.63 ao 9. 140,000 00021053 483.88 lon 9s 0.002.458 500.12 ll * 20. 0.001040 508.79 ll + 9.0 0.00069863 508.79 Ll * 9.0 000048550 499.00 ll" 90 0,00035299 477.98 12 * 9.0 0.00022 454, 456.95 lalo* 9.0 0, 00014862 435.99 Ll + 9.0 02000096646 135.03 lalo* Bo 02000061403, 394.09 ll" 880 0.000038075 373.16 ll" 8.0 o.0c0022963 354.35 lao" 8.0 0,000013715 354-35 lal * 8.0 0.0000081880 354.35 ee) ©,0000046909 3535 alot 69 0,0000029229 354635 "69 00000027177 354.40 "69 0.0000012585 360.48 "69SETS GF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FUR TABLE II RANGE OF By 0.10 0.03 0,010 0.003 0.0010 0.0003 0-9-0 5.0-10.9 6 .0-1169 30 125 | 4.0-6.0 4.0-6.9 . " . “7 150 . . . . . °7 175 . " . . " °o 200 : . . 540-1065 : 20 250 . . " 5.0-10.5 " 20 300 . . 4.0-8.9 5-0-10,0 . 20 350 . : 4420-8.9 5,010.0 6,0-11.0 a 400 . " 4.0-8.5 5,0- 9.0 6.0-10,0 20 450 " . : Sio- 9.0 6.0= 8.9 20 500 " * * 510-729 6,0- 6,0 RANGE OF My 0.00010 0.00003 0.000010 0.000003 0.000026 a 10.0-20.0 Ty.0-22.0 16.0-21.9 100 10,0-18.0 -18.0 125 150 175 10,0-14.0 200 | 8,0-13.9 250 | 8,0-12.0 300 | &,0-10.9 10-940 B.0- 940 WADC TR 59-4 10,0-12.9 12.0-13.0 10,0-11.0 12