Chemical Fundamentals of Geology Seco itn Robin Gill Dope of Ca, Ra toy Cnet of Linkin UH ‘CHAPMAN & HALLSeer coe Swim Contents Pree othe Fit Eton Lio bis isco tes ecg lars 12 Eoegy a peices 13 Ey incom and mineral yams fe eeray 14 Sable nablesod mele nels 1S Bieppay Baum in grote estens 21 The agence of mine sbilty Src, phe sd openers Equi Prose diagrams in PT opoce Pose daeans i T=X pce “Teor ne dg Rover Bates Kins of apa process 30" Deng the aa eon 32 Tempera dependence of eat tea a Dion ernest mies ore tenperture Rewer Bisa Agu a pt u a a ‘Worse xeesang concent gules ‘Nomi stn acy coc ‘Cutan sad son pl grime Sire Ene ‘rer gel eo to odernd sos? ‘Theviom Sony weet ‘Taesapsfeeton obi ea org le Reve Fer etn The tiie Table a © 6 rd or eon eee Hess ‘oie ste evi Frater etog Chemica ring be poets of minerals a 2 3 "Tee mel of ong ‘The comlo dl of boning Sending ames, (ther pes fe nd molec ineron a fe B i ” 13 oe Saeco et ES palmer 53 Opal proper of esas 84 Det i els. 83 Biogen Senseo tat ene Si Sled dene 32 Aish owat Ba Met 35 Anos 36 Cate 32 Stem Sone and rotor 35 Omen Sto Se Sit Bose Si Nilepes 313 “Tien at ‘hinenroy Si cer 102 Mantng canst er oem ins 103 Thecompue angus cre 104 Gamiecemen pci 105 Bement em in Excl Append Glasary Append bens revo m mmBLL Slut of meanest B2 Grint ofacare 3 Farter seating Append € Simpl lin cheisey Cx Asiana tases C2 Pare reatig Append D Alps it of hemi pmbol nt “lene name kno ater ‘ave sam mane Inder ‘The Pein Tble 2 26 Preface to the First Edition Cece se Soret of et ime aratn cs ate ae Se es Bey anal oar Erprmorre kboterale aera Messi conde ay ecebiey eget coca ae Eke Sere ere eee cherie ey tears Mol see: ha re rete ee etry data es nat Setar Hoaicaiinia een aires Senin am eee ears er Seat Near acer satan oe cerca neal neonate teen getiarretri ions sid cebeee eS Sea aeesawase at eaipermearae Tag SEES ws mt mre ete RRS ica aerate Saar Aa See ed‘mee nmupere snore: David Alen, Pte Baar, Ete Con Ger Droop, Pa Hendon, Seve Kips Rete ‘utehiea Pip Lec aa tee Wheater ter W-D. Can, De 9, rah these ani ‘arama of oun ny pny soe The too own {fom s lea cour | ge atthe ome Golo) Depa of Fees gs a wy nos pnts wh woul Hee a shake Josn Hires, Sue Clay ao Jenifer Cll for rypinn se af the caer, and Nal Halony and Cine Pod ‘tho bred number of Ye Sgr oe» sre el (Roget ont Unw Hyman, who the poet tne ee fief il diate “fhe tse dr Tove i 10 My, Jong and Ti, who ave ‘ul ih oma pt mou ele fay se the pret exe up tothe taste carmen ay om mt aote bok fr ns me Preface to the Second Edition Se tay tt ey Scoring entra Saree eek eet SAL ie cena tr Soe Sei eeewra aeons Sap aed Seis one peer aera Sea Cova Set ote ee Sores iors Sn Goes Sosa ec Soe ha ceceate eee roy Spal ae aa eet ts wus Mae dit ee oe shies dics i Sea Sirius inons me Gere spc Sisee nas Sane aware Setanta eata es ae ie anes oats Tuo noe eae me 1 et pc ee ei ee Serica ats Meramec Segre Gas noen nano SEs1 hank Lanse Rising fr her kn ep wit re evs ad uk Copwell abd lat Prime fer tar ede ace ad List of tables Sai pods ‘Spin of orem se er ln cae of soe stern ring sng nl a 0 bit Piymal guts af gunn ars Seria rie ‘Tema omnis and ste ocopancis foe ‘Teemcrl omnia and se eeupnctes ofa ampList of boxes ‘Sine rere of eso Prose euibra epee with minal (tie ene — ‘fe sem Tis compentotal reiucoen 5 he Usage hid ‘gee rec nar caste the Pa Rule us coe. “FET ang previ tol vehicles fr yoregiag menor xeon tte a sg mi dg ed, 9 nd ‘elig provost mnt ar 23) yo T DIAGRAMS Ristna sp wich all te rau ad products ae csi ite a li act Re tpi a, ft [ly cbaied libough cle mse popes tard coun ue semester spr Cn of rctno ewe ole canst ply an esa ae naire Sune dianeeure 2.3 stows ein avin wer (he devin of motor a hah tengo: KAISIOWOH;= KASD, © AQ, HO ad ad dag A in Box 24 ss ilar eatoninvlig boo | Sed Mgerant inthe metamapt of 0o | 0,4 S10} SIO, + COs an cae oka of 1,0 al CO ae in te retin, ae ca eh one psi cn ape hems nee Sop ee ome ve ‘STE msl a al ies he experi oa ee SESE ten hg cee ae coin ot persed oe pe, Te cola See er he vapur ecu of mt eben die ‘Sia ‘Ss is sere» eae eure da, wee aie kee Pe Hae be oe SO rae bee eomoewene aey awe Be oa te ee eae nasi oe teas: KNISO, ALO, HO 24.1 Le Choteler’s principle end the emi face 0 ier tabi, a een by he Seinen eco P-T grams Fes 2 2.2 ad 23 hr ae se npr temionamic ener ich wl lp ge Earl hoe cotans te dibuien of pes gan, hy ante able ah evr hens le Eien ti pes (Pare 21? Wha ropes te SR een ee st shou Hw et hone = mee ‘SR Banco them ate ger tener re "he aneer fo tse geo’ be i ope pele enanisted wy Eve CN eat ye atau cae. ‘ose nll mali gn be pro come, he ysl comatose fe prone ed tempt ‘nner stem coopeoy fee abd dt mun guilt tert ts eed ri D AS = ALSO, as ow wil he cet repond if we ate ace te api ee (sau hong the epee! Le Chace pe Sopa ee Sc wh nt 5 at These accom ty repli ate isis Sfiglm) tr te cener" pony Hanke Gen Sig towing te pr of rae te ‘Shen premre: Event howee, he anda ented ‘lhe pst, sons cntaned by earn gut Bier ei hl Cr pia at Aten on) pat soci lb and oe he Presure eran Doan Dad and ai wate a ‘her epi or 12) ‘enol commaucnce of Le Chl rae is sat the pe ste on te taper se ap oqilrenbmday ‘Sra ane having te per ena (on 42 2242 The Clapeyron equation ‘scm wf applin of tmadyaic de dine A st) tt? San tans see tts of eae tienen” on P 27% Moet reece ening ee wth er ny Te fara given incre of Ta eft the ie ipa) ands at ae (Shader teraction Eaton 2 a Fig 2.2 inde + gue = aie ‘The fee cncny change fh eo i Gone * Oe) eo “Te ut fe ent fcch ne whic cul etd fam hse sca so ety) tes al pose ad Seetue BC tscoe ter pment ces PT gra, The Fe cooly ia Figur 2 mais eines of Pecos ie 307 ican shoe on te i Ot ‘Pod T ae varied by small aroun: A nd GT that ap_ as 5 ay where AS and AV ae the caps ad volume chan cang ‘Tn the en Ege 22 A5= Sim” Gran + Sed |AV= Vane ~ an * Vs) Sand rpc the mle eto pd nar vue of ach ne ORS CEE up i te hemes or eae (ion 27 ele th Clapepom geno, fer iin a tS acy French suey engender mats SRE era's etn unary a9 PT aga tem lar entopy and moar volume dt pe fe! 10 mPa inte ReaO0 Bs aa ear (90) as Be SMe iNatissop aa 1001 Adige recat per Iadete + qucte S750 V=aRt Powe . AP 2.4 Jam ar7 iowa 191 eK Tobe MPN! ‘The ent SPA! = br KD eet he grain fin ia Perce gure 22) Tao eran poste ane tin igre 27 Pe wih Ty, athe mapaace Bt 10) (rec wel wih be as of sow 20% 1 Pe eure f Fee 22, She portve dope of Figue 22 tha fect he aoe a so i 7 ee at ie Baie trite he resem he er ay run Aner spe woul sgl ‘he and bad epee ig ts fo tales ‘ate acon Fane 2 ihe mont Sking iene rwen Figures 12,21 and 22 «0 ‘acon ud Pipe 30 the ber ete eras are ‘ec our, Whee the bey te Sa, Theron at ‘he volume dane oc such keeion (nd thee APT) i very AV = Vege + Vnte Vater ~ Verte At ow presses the vole of he vgour? pase cul 2 spe ‘peel Bn eB 22) chee then to the ‘he, andere doa tala AV AV = Voom leSamateny par ‘rca his tr ers, heron bound a ow ree Ragin se Bate pour, an iy mach oe ‘Sheen thn te sod pasos “AY ihe Tees, Vag Au AT apt progeny fw nd the dope oe dah ame opie ieee spar he it {oor dngam A) Care soon n PT ae ses {Meth the saeltensa 2 Seay compresses, way» (PCa dag Bn Bor. 25 Phase diagrams in T—X space 25.1 Crystallization in systems with no solid solution DoT and Py dings ke no potion for changes in th om team ea of ic pe a cy sto mr, Se apn te emer ‘Sanne oun is gue mich Shoe ee i nciptcpreare fF tne bay sem CaMES,O-CALS0 ‘Beep yet evn gnnor rcs es ia gus of bu), he vmprtre ange exten wp Br eh ‘miPte temperrre is scety igh, i is pole 10 make homoge a Stang the Cw cape AMES, Co, pen T nina ts Sates i pple a fn igi we re ni Cae hw Hit Cree "Pv ses ABE sd EE ae anos els, exch rep- scening oui beeen token oe of te eee pase ‘ese on nate ee Th a tec em ‘eepeste bore peche save is unimportant nth cet FOC) We" e's eens, beam ks opt the ce foro nanes wich sn seo says hegre = ‘rete sly compton of te meta en en ub ‘nib anordte compotion 9a 100°C coo 625 CAML Sy SSSR Giese cn a Clee hs {Gmpssion mor cue wuld dslve sare se ‘herby rest the CAALS,O, cote tl equi ws eed Cap he parte pest had al aed he hg ad ‘he tampon my oul pee mart, 0 rl the Gai tee "Rk Ee cp of an cal haere (An depts he tert Te creping EEEATE sows dc te sie eo te ml tench ‘Spade (Dy The carve AED, the ets of ve mel cmpostines at (Stoel ih eter pe or rut a ent ‘Sep ges het ig ae {S52 Rpwe 24 cont eaiay af themes pase oot pat “emo obi intr of be bis i coe epee ‘ic enuj combats of mt mpi ater wh SEES aoe as dackanesty sequen ae sal ‘tiot coroueed in PTY opce aque Figure Bea By ‘Soierng cing telitos oni at tingle this ve romp “rg ten acy ein he uae o ‘lneealy oon pyre vice Fhe 1 ay One may wee he Phase le nem of ts ot Paptmenacer Tene err -c+t as)“Tis fom of the Phe Rule, splice Lo ola TX and, i ity Schema PX) pha apres, mtn Haan 3 ‘he Condaved Fase Rae ‘ae hc init end ht i ‘Sous ae be sed we wool ed tht he xt a "he wane a tapi any Pe agra. On the cated the oe nee Ea a Segre of Edam 23) BeD and ABE"are there twophae Bld p= and @'= 2 cana escape te ecto tt P= 1 1 other ‘rnd, cing Tegra sien define the coneton {ST es uti, Ye ewe heh th ie presne {a telnes the boiz eg Pagar 249 seni To Ste | | = »TX diagrams are imgocust i igncout ploy bes sey stow ope flo ie craton of ek so Mi 8 ‘lina cpio a trate se tS Saat rommc) itghe malt cobog fem ser enatte owe ie buy may 500°C AY hte wal be ange sthet {Eons a werperre’ ne ca imagine pant ling were {Broghhe i lAra the gur(p = gee foe apresrnre fs ano whch heh yea ‘suibrum wah te cle Exton of anor denise ck [Metin de CALS, compooen asng» sit in omposon {cle ia Page 34 Rite manne of une queue ‘dens ht thee conposton shoal eg sanction wh {ang temper As rsalinon alvances, htt, the lt Smpetogn mors sel do the Hguss carve one ‘Oh richie the ect, he tt test ese apse i daa to enor Artis jac, the me compostion ese fed, becuse sprites pete ane proprion sh CALS a. eo be ps nso brats be eee an nara gusset Fest within he tap eamvent big cosered ng ee ese in ejb su conpeti or lee {change Case ng in this ten ey mea ae a (he nat hea of conse of ope abd sore) fom the ten cont cesarean the mato of cee ae (pene of ml Evel he met camer ead ab aan {BI Aa't a) eli gies way to ara (DI Ae) Retold sss wl cry now cos of Donan 2a 1M dope eos Pg 2) ec he eens he wes pion of te me ‘tg te coaing the stem Progesive cyan ay sk ith ses wth the spon xcepons of pure CaMgS 0, and pore ‘GALS, pl ede seston lone Oe eet as Asien import’ ener rin Peles ha theese {Tempotns of saving fepma of apes ead coe et he oe two fsa ogy" compotns (eatin tame ag ‘ane vtch the hs fens 1s owes empttie "heen a nates the compotion of he st et 0 apa ‘on beng any mir of psi nd aor Bee 2) ects ne mon fetes i stom af hs Kg, They ep rhe ener osc ta creo mle ine ee, Fees) ng to pe foes tempest anya he pre eo ‘racer woul oni a uate end a enveneote o oer epeate on eens poe Feta wed nay ben a a to rabies aban oe a4 Foes temperate tas it wl! athe pte se Ce ‘sien. 25.2 Crystallization in systems with solid solution onside nd aot slong diferent mera group ving [er nual sare andthe teeny or eer corporate {G2 nsucns othe oer i Se val secre nee Bic win ‘many aed ge came ta i sal awe. One tik of on oa end emir dang ‘hese ts bmspeers cs fermen competion ‘Fosotennoon of mcniy in ma ae ere so "nue 25 shows the cemalistion hari fa iar xa ce sd Solan See, pple dia (sl slats Howes te, NadiOy ae tate, CAS) Oa oe ad ‘ne appen ne dri Prem nthe aa ea shapd eure, bounded by o0 cuter depcting best stl aod ml compo an ‘Wrenpecre Ts le o in Pique 25? ede Ting ‘omputinastotheysalconposton ih which fiat {tur tamper ‘he ire tout ay date Wich te el See Esesr pce en Satvsiincinewerres sircnceae ee mes pene ond Seren iteeeme SSS noes "Shi prapks go nating of wAt-cton aie ae (eee a hs epi om Pa mang mig barry oo a Gore Mey oi ip we See ‘Ser reo tate ni ema na ca Spoestier Sapacan itn folate dates Se fd he tn nett i te His; ho ‘Sm wh ihe stem const carey a evan plete, 8 Sis he ele ring te cows pase ule to Fagwe 2, we. fi da tlh enc and Spgs es ce dwn Is G =P (RnSion cad.sh0by sere F'n 2 Theme pla’ (fil ama exam sua Gel Fue 29) 9 ~ 2, Ga Rae F< un ttc od ‘egiclne en ecg Faecal neste smPton ai'pnmcs Contr Enowing er poe compton dl oe ie coop a the pee rambguona The ib 8 sore ate eof ts ene erp, Coenen he yun ea sie of continual chang ‘nant sob compe cl mo eam, wl ct a ‘homer the igudur ere at whe pale wil beso ‘Sul Bese b mae Canesten ‘Epis the met Cahii0y aod thy enrich Hn Naa Oy ‘hob coring cong aod clion the mek compotion ‘Seve dwn he gue sure The changing cmp cass PSssepulog Solin he ese copie oe ‘Bae aleich than 6, but hte wl eo tndeny for ety fed ‘amb conenuous cage of N, Cs, Aint Si fo eae ‘tubers laters actor ofthe mee Thr aon Tine ult ec eves pot onthe Sua (SEES ihe fr ccd ms a te compotion {obo te sien Such eset request ison nd eth cre af echt, tad ba pce Cea ot ae md see cin en roe ‘fly tot cml ominous es been eal od ‘ns be race here edn chaneing mel cmp, Dt {he cl ines fa teen The volt compost Rode eiween moe tte corer and more stich mass ‘he lice cra» phesamensn Evora among Flog = i ie" oer ne ws eh leon pate deel enough a eit conor ‘ution nse atone equim entation ‘i a ing the compo rand Beep rs ‘Sy alta the competion br the sme" arte tl at ‘Spstinn map feeb eset the Supt ur coc ud coming eo ot Serie he ten cr bwin ed te ‘sl mie Tie proce whic in ey Fred so e‘lows nr mo decay 1 mare creme composts i alle Frctonal cstalizason. Coylsnon of mtu len cl tm chery poesia cle tee ryan, {End cote abt te Semi vest of aco rks a ‘mem 253° The solmus and exsolution ‘he fal 7-1 secon wo be xa (Flute 2.6 sows te phase ‘Ros of be aa eran eps fer tap "agian Poon faite ges rset ating th arse ‘seinem rma ty em ae Sree taaanea caren Srikimecaie tes Sear tale etepresure of?» J0"Pa~ 2har). Ths dara can be vs as fern got su coche le sh i Ocampo th dag an ESL x econ pe aie is Boor 2-4 ce sets wh ee on tne Fare 13 otha yal te sles eating a bat 3% KAS}O9. Tas stn isp tasted with Nal Oy rear lina mh es It the wpe rn och pol rept cpa ‘tie fw Paes, dar ec ea ower net Ste tro spre ac any Bure-e ifn now ‘Tor a eu of exShieo sees of th, Inland sor pa ecoed win» bot iynl of the hers The ee tae (Bea's rth nthe prem Sample le me anda then fs andthe aang cys gl hrfore profes ot {hel congestion cinta Cun lameloe of Pe Sch sracrs iste np 80-1 In McKee ay 19) {Se characteris of alla felgre tne cll perites. Sie Sacre (ao ies tunel we deve in se ote, ‘ing osm miss pp been apie (Calgo.0) sd Seats SO “Aptana the condensed pase ue (ase Py cat) to gue 26 inde tht he suru eo wernt re. ie erate cams, ing a pr) ‘TER pastl plate eothermometey ere poten engin inl tre com yar raray eee Coston beprene nmin ic Coos myo im mse Ir pre a a a et See pease Sue oeaeraes26 Ternary phase diagrams a ae te gf pein pen te See poem aie ra a Sertich ee gh aeay eo Tealog Sa atv ene ed Sy Manta ae Maree at theedincboed sed Bett a molien for Cunning Pee Suited Dc cae ee Se Se eae SSR. oe er ait Gea chan es eran hese a eine ed Recetas 4 Segoe ec Saree mtetire tee mete meas Seis Demin haba ae tee LCI Ree ce eo Seer apa rales, SRECE ENE ab the ey at fe See Oe aera bined rien Sug SSA crn qn den ht spencers cr, et Teas eis ees ap eee eee a ee Eee Pc eee Sen yt aomcetine ee comnee Sen ial eee cueescy merece a oar org agen ela per age ie ai Sek Sra Se SEES mR ek roeg se geenege EARS once eee heat Scat at cera nea Sere ereseece ee ere Sree Ste Sarat i le SEky ome tena es ome SSS) ae ot de npg he ppe a e o sels eit We eas et Se Rr aretha cena it Sareaee tennis Nonyoe eines ‘Sieh a tnt “Ras baa alge aati. Ran stare ithe ametnteenes einer ae angen ocr Saree akc ices asFim bi Fie 27 The ses nbse te igus les feo Ue perv of te sien ped igure 270) mone po Bld ‘She sly lw sublet nao oe agen cn BP ead E'S rata sting the op al then malo 20, reveaog Tiree mop Se cach ered by = ml f eine a arti he ef pow colon, exerts a 12°C) ‘The compan of he Pech aur ith tbe mel {this tpete can fe Fwd inh dram Oy foving the teline fom bt te NeAIO,-CAALSiOy cage 6 the dap nat “iie bc forms oe Boudry of re pase eld epesening quinn tetoree mc, ago © tht dimple Compoten ‘SMgS09 art emperte Any pou ie minh Bed Spas» pic mar thse ern pes he ropes ft tnch could be worked wat wang the Lee Rae, Bocas a Publ murs Sape td ple eto thera o mlb (Soa iene Div) the cwelston te fo mire ae ‘oak ase them compos a mia ery slog he ‘ro, mete properties ch opi and plage rai ae es a ean toe he teed retold ok tthe Do by He {iu Sa 7b of eh de ed asa ib 27 Review “The get tery of revctons and serbia rec ia aus igneous and erp for pei any ete oe veiing ‘Srcondson nde nich he fee mre ed. Weave chy {enor what sch el mgs esi com of pra nd temertre offi, we cine 60 eof pied ‘Soetimewalinfrmon The pemary sore he irre ok ‘Serine erly, Ween in aly ack Sow ue ‘pane dagans rica tbe socabiags is pra mck Ste Sch gran, der fm weed Etontry peo ‘duces a2 wich ar alr ore ptageos ese oe uli dian an cacy aero for Bat mat Sgr o ‘Mi kind ee to expences on single ota mee her th ks temic The me a Fire 27, fr came ie Si ee tis wi he ene, etc eta teen Pe 27d ‘coygteemperics tun mod be fund ins al wos being (GBP incr Lapse ute gre? owgh ale aie sf ae an eb ete ‘Seaman See el ty ae pene ot me monde or compare Shee pegurny But he rel ‘Soho ey delyed i single pose grasa hae Tess um poe re re so tel sppctns i poly fr chermadmamic ca (or ctl, eps a Yun) Ug the Cpe SSbatnand be Cnc price ne can ped cet este af ie toons wg nue ea pin, he ‘Exh and enor of pure mints wets pail y 8 ‘Sy tern ctnigue ced esorimey invert SSGine mowarencot ofthe het eee whee mien fomed ‘Esq cnvroor cent or oer Sch meio nd te hae Si ch hen pin de mee ‘Soest sng plop! eine gue © ‘Petpsyemi thoy beyond the peo sb mmm [BivWowoe, bre te of the mor era tess of etme Fetes subnet to apply operant St re nee Shes sag tl sg oe et il dope fen foe yee nrc er Seni tas bjt ine wnodtry book Oy Wed sa rer as 28 Bibliography a. Hamener CJ, Ton BC a 1) Vang ‘ME ama om, Cas Cavern, Cane Spe nd cin Ba 1. a Pe, 9 The ei of len, EG. (972) The mopar 9f papal phe dig, WH SY eee nce ema ni sie 9 chest ere Dm yt, Sling ot in slike Sed Han Gf C (1982) Aas of gersi 2 ene, 5.8, 8 Ba ope are, Sige eg, New Yak ‘Neo 7 an Mama Ln) Sack ome, Wig. pd Pmt, D.C. (070 Ely mdr i, acai Me Ol “ 28.1 Sources of thermodynamic data for minerals Demi 10.86 iy ten tenn me See ene a me at ink TS ar mami ep kerma me 7 aorta gata ak atte LE rs ‘inked ues ern dwt ticnls ee A 29 Exercises 1 Appbing the Phase Rule wth stig showa a Egon 2.4, eu the rtnce of pots X sad in dagam» Bar 21 2 Why des ices on earl sth mcg epee tell be depres ge prsres 3 Au tigeptee prose (OPN, the alloing retin cea Sit CUALSiOn + 90; + AALS04 + 20480, Sree) eth da elo co plot a cocrety eel PAT aga fr ese p01 Towprr 5, Vue V Feat Emma Fee GALS) 28 53 fun) as Bt Sri CaALS.0) 29D ‘lite (Cay) 20 ed Spec fre nt eat Ine ge mee mpeine mi eT ne tone roe 5 Rese an pageebe cosulloe fom mit bo ies Com Se oP aie olsen er sey trcericrntore TREE eee eereeenree ra eee eee pene or igen Lo ae a < Ete wn ey a cy ote te ape Seles heh Sees 8 te re Sia Sea RR ea mes oess Somrrranes 20.10)pte of he tc frm a) be mitre M a () te ‘ure N Reed hough aa 3 Kinetics of geological processes eight 2 cyt flit the ap of poring hat nr Eee end re at id cough fer chee trance te yn, mcr st a A Ete houh hotel inet th semen be. We hare ‘Sr pee |) ranges metate munl menee eee ya oe orf et es [Eylised nt gh pre gf toque te {Strane oe or er us or ro tobe camped (Gilet roms of et and con oo eck othe ce {Rene feeing pest occrenesin se oun fe tint imate, mtcheabie oo ete cmperee! (e EIS Bama’ of gn o meson cttw un soon Shea bigs le poppe cece of donque, nach {ina tint onig sel nen racores (Bor 31) in Ge Spt Cae th te a ot popes ef gocher ac, nthe my htrponds ifn cose ces we cae "The rene and asso hemi ato aes i eld oumica ines tense ore inp opal sss al {Stoned nthe ren chare, Chanel Met ene proves tic hn of Undead hy econ we Pend on ‘Cope, 4 ner of andanen pega paras Habe Soe Be ae pn wih nde it ring mets 3.1 Defining the rate of a reaction ei ny 9 acpe ht sme ection pred ister ha tes, ut le ct ac ow such dre canbe expen Gente ‘Wa prestely do me mena By the ate eto 8