API 682 e4 BALLOT DRAFT

ISO 21049 FDIS (?)

Henri Azibert - Ralph Gabriel

Overview of API-682
First Edition
2

 Released in October 1994

 First “complete” seal standard
 Intended to default to proven sealing solutions
Mission Statement
3

“This standard is designed to

default to the equipment types most
commonly supplied that have a high
probability of meeting the objective
of a least three years of uninterrupted
service while complying with
emissions regulations.”
Publication Dates
4
 API 682 1st edition issued 1994

 API 682 2nd edition issued July 2002

 ISO 21049 issued 2004

 API 682 3rd edition issued September 2004

 API 682 4th edition in progress by taskforce

– Approved by API
– Will not be an ISO 21049 document
– DIS and FDIS 21049 have been reviewed worldwide
– Disagreement between ISO and API
– Scheduled to be published in 1Q 2013 as an API only document
API 682 Taskforce
5
 1st Edition Taskforce was refineries only
 2nd and 3rd Edition Taskforce
– included chemical plant representatives
– included European representatives

 4th Edition Taskforce

– Chairman Rick Eickhoff, ExxonMobil
 Gordon Buck
 Henri Azibert
 Mike Huebner
 ….
New Concepts in
1st Edition
6

 A different kind of “Standard”

 Seal types
 Configurations
 Qualification testing
 Seal selection procedure
 Tutorials
Background for
2nd Edition
7

 Success of the First Edition

 Applications outside of refining
 Applications to non-API 610 pumps
 Advancements in sealing technology
 Creation of an international standard (ISO 21049)
Overview of Changes in 2nd Edition
8

 Expansion of scope
 Separation of pump and seal standards
 New seal types
 Expanded seal configurations
 Introduction of seal categories
 Testing requirements for new seal types
 New piping plans
 Modified selection procedure
Let’s take a look at those changes …
New Seal Types in 2nd
9
 Containment seals
– Non-contacting dry-running
– Contacting dry-running

 Non-contacting liquid seals

 Dry running dual seals
 These new seal types often required
– New designs, especially face designs
– New materials
– New piping plans and systems
Seal Arrangements in 2nd
10

 Arrangement 1
 Single seal

 Arrangement 2
 Dual non-pressurized seals
 Expanded to include dry running containment
seals
 Arrangement 3
 Dual pressurized seals
 Expanded to include dry running gas barrier
seals
Seal Categories in 2nd
11

 Different applications may require different levels of

seal sophistication
 Practice during 1st Ed. was to specify “modified”
API-682 seals
 Size restrictions because of pump construction
 Cost impact of 1st Ed. seals
 Categories were often discussed as
– “API” seals (“normal” and “heavy duty”)
– “ANSI” seals
Operating Ranges
12

600

500

400
1st Ed
psig

300

200

100

0
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
°F
 Operating Ranges
2nd vs 1st
13

2nd Ed
Cat II & III Seals
600

500

400
1st Ed
psig

300

200 Cat I Seals

(2nd Ed)
100

0
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
°F
3rd Edition Overview
14

 3rd Ed API 682 was almost exactly same as 2nd

 Aligned API 682 with ISO 21049
 Most changes were editorial
Scope of Revisions to 4th
15

 Original intent of 4th edition

– Include and extend 3rd edition
– Edit 3rd edition for errors and clarity
– Consistency with ISO 13709 / API 610
– Address comments submitted to API about 3rd Ed

 Revisions
– Minor
– Major
– New material
Minor revisions to 4th
16
 Scope
– “ES” is out-of-scope – not a seal type

 Organizational
– More definitions
– Moved qualification test details to Annex I
– Described seal hierarchy
– Revised data forms (essentially same data)

 Technical
– Plans 53A, 53B, 53C to have equal working volumes
– Seal code revised
Major revisions to 4th
17

 Pipe / Shipping Plugs

 Clearances
 Configurations
 Piping Plans
 Qualification test details
 Forms revised
 Tutorials expanded
Current Status
18

 As of February 2013
– Completed the API and ISO DIS and FDIS reviews
– FDIS comments received but disagreement
between ISO and API
– A ballot has been submitted to API Member
– Ballot comments were received and responded to
in December of 2012
– Publication date is expected in early 2013

 Let’s look at the details

Scope
Section 1
19
 Sealing systems for “centrifugal” and rotary pumps used in the
petroleum, natural gas and chemical industries

 It is applicable mainly for hazardous, flammable and/or toxic services

where a greater degree of reliability is required for … the reduction of
both emissions to the atmosphere and life-cycle sealing costs.

 It covers seals for pumps with diameters from 20 mm (0.75 in to 110

mm (4.3 in).

 Applicable to new and retrofitted pumps per ISO 13709 (API 610) and
ASME B73.1 and ASME B73.2, and API 676. (No longer reference to
ISO 3069)
Definitions
Section 3
20
 The longer, more involved definitions have been moved from Section 3
into the general body of the standard. For example, the definitions of
Arrangements, Categories and Types have been moved into Section 4.
 The Type A and B seals are no longer defined as having rotating flexible
elements and Type C is not defined as having a stationary flexible element.
Instead, the design choice of having the flexible element rotate or remain
stationary is independent and said to be technically equivalent.
 The definitions have been revised to be more consistent with terms that
are used in the industry in general. Yet some traditions are hard to break
through; for example the definitions of “seal ring” and “mating ring” were
essentially retained even though in some designs the very same physical
seal ring can either be a “seal ring” or a “mating ring”.
Section 4 - Sealing Systems
Seal Hierarchy
21
Section 4 - Sealing Systems
Configurations
22
 Three Arrangements
– Single
– Dual unpressurized
– Dual pressurized

 Interface
– Contacting
– Non contacting

 Liquid vs. gas

 Throttle bushing type
Generic Figures
23
General
Section 5
24

 Definitely minor changes

 Addition of parentheses around “customary
units”

 Let’s go to some important changes in

Section 6
Design Requirements
Pipe plugs
25
 Previous editions required metal pipe plugs in gland plate
– Same plug material as gland plate material
– No PTFE tape or anti-seize compound
– Anaerobic lubricant / sealant

 Changed to plastic shipping plug

– International red plug with yellow tag
– Metal pipe plugs bagged and shipped with cartridge
Shipping Plugs
26
 Plastic shipping plugs
– Warning tag required
Major Change:
Clearances
27
 1st, 2nd, 3rd Ed specified clearances for
– Fluid volume (thinking of seal OD to seal
chamber)
– Pumping ring (thinking of pumping ring OD to
seal chamber)
– Bushing (thinking of bushing ID to sleeve OD)

 4th edition added specifications for sleeve OD to

stationary parts
Clearances
28
 Clearances are based on shaft diameter
 Minimum Clearances
– outside of rotating part to inside of chamber or gland
– Outside of a seal part to inside of another seal part
– Outside of a circulation device to inside of gland
– Outside of a rotating part to inside of a containment
fixed bushing (Containment Seals configurations)
 Maximum clearances
– Outside of sleeve to inside of floating bushing
– Outside of sleeve to inside of fixed bushing
 Examine the table of clearances …
Clearances
29

This clearance is primarily for fluid presence

(shown as radial clearance)

Clearances
30

(shown as
This clearance is to prevent
radial
rubbing
clearance)
- new, not previously specified
Clearances
31

This clearance is to prevent rubbing

(shown as
radial
Variations
clearance)
1st: 6mm (0.25 in)
2nd, 3rd: 3mm (0.125 in)
Clearances
32

Variations
1st: NA
2nd, 3rd: 3mm (0.125 in)

(shown as radial
clearance)

This clearance is to provide isolation

Clearances
33

Throttle bushing clearances are unchanged from 3rd Ed

Clearances
34
Clearances with Caution
35
 The intent of setting minimal clearances should in no way be construed
as implying that any seal component can be used to restrict shaft
movement in the event of bearing failure or other machinery or operation
problem.

 The importance of having sufficient design clearance to ensure adequate

reliability and personal safety in hazardous, toxic and flammable services
is paramount.

 Diametral clearances may be compromised in the event of the following

scenarios:
 Wear of shaft bearings beyond their design limits
 Operation of the pump beyond its allowable operating range
 Existing pumps that have damaged, corroded or worn parts that control the radial
location of the shaft to the casing.
Clearances with Caution
36

 These minimal clearances will be adequate in

equipment that is built and/or maintained to the
specifications of ISO 13709 and ANSI B73.
 For other equipment built, repaired, or operated to
different specifications these clearances might not
be sufficient. Larger clearances should be
considered for:
 Pump designs unable to conform to ISO 13709, API 610,
ISO 21049, API 682 and ANSI B73.1 and B73.2.
 Pumps installed with mounting and flange strain, from
connecting pipe-work, beyond the recommended limits
of those standards
Clearances with Caution
37

 These minimal clearances are to prevent contact between

rotary and stationary parts, but internal clearances in dual
seals also need to be sufficient to insure proper circulation of
the barrier/buffer fluid and cooling of the seal faces

 This is particularly important in face to back configuration

where barrier/buffer fluid circulation to the inner seal is
inherently physically remote from the connections. Inadequate
cooling of the inner seal can result in reduced seal reliability.

 Selection of 3CW-BB or FF configuration or use of process

fluid seal chamber cooling may resolve an inner seal cooling
problem.
Less Prescription
38
 An example of being less specific is found in the requirement for
positive retention of seal components under reverse pressure
conditions (either vacuum or internal vs. external pressure).
 The new edition now provides alternative figures and lists them as
“examples of such designs”.

KEY 1 retaining feature Dbi ≥ Dm ≥ Dbo

a) Positive retention b) Pressure retention (with
L-shaped mating ring)
Less Prescription
39
 Another example of making recommendations more generic is
found in the section about distributed flush. The figures are
shown for rotating as well as stationary seals and it is clearly
stated that:
– “These are only examples – other configurations may be used.”

a) Rotating flexible element b) Rotating flexible element c) Stationary flexible element

Configurations
Section 7
40

 More emphasis on configurations

 Almost any configuration is OK
– F-B, F-F, B-B is OK
– Rotating or stationary springs are equivalent
– Configurations must be tested

 More designs are recognized for pumping rings and

outlets. Performance is verified through
performance testing.
 Tangential outlets are no longer specifically listed
as preferred.
Configurations
41

 A change has been made to the specification for

throttle bushings.
 A fixed bushing is now only for category 1
(previously it was for categories 1 and 2)
 Floating bushings are required for categories 2 and
3.
 In addition, segmented carbon bushings are now an
option for Category 2 and Category 3 seals
Seal Configurations
42
 Accessories – Section 8
43
 Filling, Venting, and Draining
 Pipe and Tubing Specifications
 Components
– Air and Water Coolers
– Strainers
– Cyclone Separators
– Flow Control Orifices
– Reservoirs – 3 & 5 gallon minimum
– Accumulator Sizes – Plan 53B
– Piston Accumulators – Plan 53C
– Collection Reservoirs – Plan 65A/B & Plan 75
– Gas Panels – Plan 72 & 74
Instrumentation – Section 9
44

 In general, transmitters will replace switches!

– Local indicators

 To get switches – they must be specified!

– Output signal type
– Indicating or non-indicating
– Analogue or digital
– Housing and power supply requirements
 45

Section 10

INSPECTION
TESTING
PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
 Test Requirements
46

Testing

Individual seal testing

Type testing
Qualification Component Cartridge OEM
Integrity Integrity

Fluids Hydrostatic testing Air test

Sizes - Seal chambers - Single
Steady state /Cyclic - Gland plates - Dual
Seal types - Reservoirs
Seal arrangements - Heat exchangers Pump
performance
test
Testing
47

 Qualification tests have existed since 1st Ed

 Details of qualification testing moved to Annex I & updated

 Assembly integrity test retained in Section 10

– Reorganized sub-section
– No change in details

 If glands are made from bar stock they don’t necessarily need to be
hydrotested
Data Transfer – Section 11
48

• Forms from Annex C & Annex E

• Other documents as specified in the order

• Inspector Checklist – Annex H

Annexes
49
 Many details are in the Annexes
– Some are Informative
– Some are Normative

 Contents
– A - Seal selection - Informative
– B - Materials - Informative
– C - Data sheets - Informative
– D - Seal codes - Informative
– E - Data requirement forms – Normative
– F - Tutorial - Informative
– G - Piping plans - Normative
– H - Inspector checklist - Informative
– I - Qualification testing - Normative
Annex A: Seal Selection
50

 Informative
 Summaries of
 Categories 1, 2, 3
 Arrangements 1, 2, 3
 Seal types A, B, C
 Engineered Seal Design
 Seal selection
– Tutorial
– Tables
– Logic diagrams
 Piping Plans
– Brief Tutorial tied to selection sheets
Alternate Selection Method
51

 Proposed by Michael Goodrich, 2010

– “Risk Based Pump-Seal Selection Guideline Complementing
ISO 21049 / API 682”
– Selects seal arrangement
– Based on
 UN Globally Harmonized System Hazard Codes
 OSHA Globally Harmonized System of Classification &
Labeling of Chemicals
 Material Safety Data Sheets
– Presented at 2010 Pump Symposium
– Compares favorably to choices made by experienced engineers
Seal Selection Logic
52
Materials –Annex B
53

 Content and tables expanded to be more global

 More tutorial in nature

 Much more information on Seal Face Materials,

Elastomers, and Bushings
Datasheets –Annex C
54
 Datasheets are entirely new

 If an option is allowed by the standard then the choice must be

included on the datasheet

 Two pages

 Variations of the form are OK

– Must include same information
Datasheet Details
55
Seal Codes - Annex D
56
 Informative

 8 position segment code

 Different from 1, 2, 3 Edition

 Different from API 610

– But uses some of the old material codes
 F = fluoroelastomer
 N = carbon vs reaction bonded silicon carbide
 etc

 API 682 reclaims custody of old API 610 code

– Example: BSTFL
– Old 610 code is still obsolete
 4th Edition Seal Code

57

Gaskets

Containment Faces

1 2 A – P F O – 050 – 11/52
Type Shaft Size

Arrangement Piping Plan

Category
Data Requirement Forms - Annex E
58
 Annex J, 3rd Ed was moved/combined into Annex E

 Two “Data Requirement Forms”

– Inquiries and Proposals
– Contracts
Technical Tutorial – Annex F
59

 Seal Leakage
 Vapor Pressure Margins
 Calculations
 Piping Plans
 Set Screw holding power
 Etc.
Plan 53B Details
60
 Annex F includes details and calculations for 53B
 Piping Plans
61
 Think “Piping Plan” not “Flush Plan”
– Pipe and tubing
– Single and dual seals

 Symbol Library
– PI = Pressure Indicator
– PIT = Pressure Transmitter with Local Indicator

 Combined descriptions, schematics and illustrations

 Piping plan figures do not specify features such as

– Throttle bushings
– Connections and locations, etc
– Rotating, stationary, configuration, etc
– See other clauses for features other than piping schematics
New Piping Plans
62
 Plan 03
– no piping
– special seal chamber promotes circulation

 Plan 55
– external pump for Arrangement 2 buffer fluid

 Plan 65 B
– Leakage detection and collection for Arrangement 1

 Plan 66 A/B
– Leakage detection and routing for Arrangement 1
– (See Clause 7.1.2.3)

 Plan 99
– Engineered piping plan not defined by other plans
 63

Piping Plan 11

 Most popular piping

plan

 Used here as example

• Piping schematic
• Seal illustration
• Text
Plan 03
64

Internal circulation from shape of seal chamber

Plan 55
65

Dual unpressurized seals

Flush to inner seal is
-> Arrangement 2 not part of Plan 55
(“Tandem Seals”)
Plan 55
External
Source
 B
Plan 65A
66

Drain
Connection on
bottom!

Atmospheric leakage
collection and detection

Valve instead of
orifice
 Plan 66A
67

Single seals
Leakage management PIT
Leakage detection
to leakage
disposal

Two throttle bushings

 Plan 66B
68

Single seals
Leakage management to leakage
PIT disposal
Leakage detection
5 Drilled
Plug in 4

One throttle bushing

Floating Type
Inspectors Checklist – Annex H
69
Qualification Testing
70

 Liquid seals
– No changes for FB configurations
– Different test for BB and FF

 Containment seals
 Gas matched to test liquid
Qualification Test Concepts
71
 Dynamic (3600 rpm)
– Base point pressure and temperature
– Steady state for 100 hours minimum
 Static
 Cyclic
– simulated upset cycles
 Final Static Test
Organization of Testing
72
Organization of Testing
73
 Complete matrix of tests would be about 4000 tests!

 All seals, arrangements, configurations, etc are not tested in all

fluids

Configurations are
mapped into the test plan
Qualification Tests
Non-Specifics
74
 Fixed throttle bushings

 Dynamic secondary seal material

– Except durometer for O-rings

 Static secondary seal material

 External pumps (Plan 54)

Qualification Test Conditions
75
Seal Sizes for Testing
76
 Based on balance diameter
 Previously nominal 2” and 4”
 Cat 1 seals typically smaller
 Changed to
– Cat 1 1.5 to 2 3 to 4”
– Cat 2 and 3 2 to 3 4 to 5”
Face Materials Qualification
77
 Normally two seal sizes are tested

 Additional materials may be qualified with one test

– Tested with large seal size
– Tested against a previously qualified material

A B A and B qualified by testing small and large sizes

C C qualified for use with B by testing only large size

D D qualified for use with A by testing only large size

C D C and D not qualified for use together

EPA Method 21
Emissions Monitoring
78
 Clarifications needed for API 682:
– Method 21 is a manual method intended for use in the field
– Seal OEMs use data acquisition systems during qualification testing

 Changes
– Use Method 21 as a reference
– No changes to the 1000 ppm criteria
Questions ?
79