CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1.1 INTRODUCTION/ BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Lubao, in earlier times, was called “Baba”, in Kapampangan native dialect that means
“beneath”. The town is situated at the lower level of the Province of Pampanga and easily
flooded during the rainy season. It is traverse by narrow streams and small rivers. These
water passages were called “los estrechos” by the Spanish friars when they rode the balangay
(known as “banca” today) in going back and forth to Manila. The town was established in
1572 and was called “Baba” short for “Balen Mababa” because of its low elevation. In
Spanish, the term was translated to “Lo Bajo”, hence in the course of time it became “Lubao”
when expressed by natives.
The Municipality of Lubao is a first-class coastal municipality situated in the province of
Pampanga in Region III or Central Luzon. The town is notorious as one of the largest
producers of sugar cane, rice, fish, and the fragrant Sampaguita (The Sampaguita is
considered the national flower of the Philippines). The researchers choose the Lubao to
revitalize and boost as well the productivity and sales of the product of Lubao. (WIP Editor,
Where in Pampanga 2022).
Sampaguita Festival is an annual week-long celebration held in Lubao, Pampanga,
Philippines. It is a tribute to the national flower of the Philippines, the Sampaguita flower.
The festival is a way to promote tourism and invigorate the local flower industry in the
community. The festival includes various activities ranging from cultural to athletics, trade
fairs, dance contests, parades, art-exhibits, social and religious gatherings, tribal dance and
sports exhibitions.
Some areas in Lubao are needed to revitalize, over the past many years some of the terminals
in Lubao Pampanga are being abandoned due to many reasons, such as the peak year of the
pandemic.
The public markets of Lubao have a high potential help in the economy of Lubao
municipality but some public markets are outdated and need upgrading to support the
increased population density and modern amenities. Lubao Pampanga has a limited
recreational facility and some are nearly being forgotten.
Flooding in Lubao is also a major issue for it has a low level of elevation, especially to those
coastal areas wherein floods can get to 5ft.
Pursuant to the article of Phil Star Global, Lubao Pampanga is one of the affected by the
typhoon monster which is Yolanda, it caused a big disaster in the city at that time. This article
influences the researchers to consider the improvement of low-lying areas in terms of
flooding.
Lubao also has a lack of sustainable transportation options like cycling, walking, and public
transit. Some road networks in Jose Abad Santos Ave lack of road signs and poor technology
of stoplights.
According to the news of Aksyon and Regional TV News there is an unexpected accident
such as motorcycle and car often happening. It is because of the lack of roadsigns such as

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slowing down, full stop and etc. and stoplights. This news proves to support the revitalization
of roads in the city.

1.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The municipality of Lubao is one of the places in Pampanga that has slow progress in terms
of development. Lubao gets left behind in the development compare to its nearby cities.
Therefore, alongside the feasibility concerns of the proposed structures in this research
“Walas Galubao”, given below are the main problems that study intends to solve:
Main problems
• Lack of attention on local crops and products
• Insufficient number of local recreational facilities
• Absence of Bus stop and terminal
• Need more commercial establishments
• Frequently electricity shortage
• Road accidents due to lack proper signages and stoplights
• Coastal areas are hard to reach in case of emergency
• Not enough Health facilities
• Insufficient housing facilities

1.1.3 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH GOALS

The primary goal of the study is to revitalize the City of Lubao Pampanga.

1.1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

1.1.4a SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will cover revitalizing establishment, commercial buildings, Transport Terminal
along the road of Jose Abad Santos Avenue. Road widening some road networks all over the
city is applied. Development of Socialized Housing, Health Care Facility, Fish port, Rescue
Dock/ Boat Station as supplement for revitalizing the city of Lubao. Significantly, by
revitalizing the City of Lubao will boost and improve the living and the economy of the said
municipality.

1.1.4b LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study will not cover any other problems that is related to the revitalizing, developing,
redeveloping of other municipality. This research will also exclude any other construction
outside the municipality of Lubao.

1.1.5 ASSUMPTION

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Revitalizing Lubao Municipality will be part of the rising city of Pampanga, it is intended to
benefit the local community of Lubao especially the residents as well as local and foreign
residents alike. For this reason, this study assumes that the following are true:
The structure that will go under the revitalization will go beyond proper execution of
construction, it will be resilient to different calamities such as flooding, earthquakes,
typhoons etc.
Moreover, the researchers also assume that the proposal would be feasible and relevant to
construct because the LGUs of Lubao along other government agencies would be willing and
capable to invest funds in the revitalization and development of the City of Lubao.
The main context of this study is to strengthen a better living of the residents of Lubao and to
create opportunities for the residents of the said municipality in terms of job hunting.

1.1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT

12423452352351212123

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1.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
“Revitalization of Downtown Manila: Urban Design and Placemaking for Inclusive Streets”
(Gomez, R. A. 2022). In the process of “recovering public space”, street vending became the
first target of the city’s modernization, displacing vendors out of the city streets. With the
threats of urban renewal through globalization. This study explores the various urban design
and placemaking approaches in creating a more inclusive revitalization process in Downtown
Manila. It seeks to generate recommendations for the district which may serve as a model for
incremental implementation in various parts of the city in reclaiming public open spaces as
platforms for social cohesion and interaction.

“Integrated Urban Regeneration – Solution for Cities Revitalize” (Alpopi, C., & Manole, C.
2013). It's necessary find solutions, adopt new strategies, leading to transforming too and
revitalizing urban areas. Urban regeneration means the improvement the quality of life and
investing in the future

“Revitalization of Urban Public Spaces: An Overview” (Ramlee, M., Omar, D., Yunus, R.
M., & Samadi, Z. 2015). The recent trend indicates that urban tourism gives a priority on
urban public spaces. In addition, urban public spaces have been involved in urban
revitalization projects to a create symbol of the city and have been proved to be useful for
urban revitalization.

“Entrepreneurial Urban Revitalization” (Balsas, C. J. L. 2018). The key finding is that the
proactive implementation of this urban revitalization mechanism can increase the livability of
communities and their economic development opportunities in part because of its
entrepreneurial perspective.

“Approaches to urban revitalization policy in light of the latest concepts of sustainable

development” (Horbliuk, S., & Dehtiarova, I. 2021). Revitalization should be considered both
in terms of its impact on a specific degraded area and as having long-term synergetic effects
on the city as a whole. It was found that the basis for innovative policies of urban
revitalization is laid by human-oriented programmed of sustainable renewal of areas. The
main criterion of policy effectiveness is the ability of a revitalized urban area to develop
sustainably, satisfying the needs of all stakeholders. Indicators of the policy success is not
only the living standards and quality of life of the inhabitants, but also the condition of the
natural environment, levels of tolerance, trust, empathy, social cohesion, education,
happiness, etc.

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“Service Improvement of Joyoboyo Public Transport Terminal in Surabaya” (Sedayu, A., &
Sarwoko, M. 2016). Joyoboyo public transport terminal is terminal type B in Surabaya that
has an important role as a node of public transportation among cities. The terminal is in
operation since 1969 and until now steadily declining services and desolate from passengers
and freight vehicles. The local government of Surabaya continues to improve the terminal
service by attempting to revitalize terminal. To support the revitalization efforts, it is
necessary to support a research study consider satisfaction and user expectations.
“Revitalization of Greater Khartoum Urban Transportation System” (Bannaga, S.E.I. 2018).
Khartoum metropolis depends on a single-modal transport – vehicular road system. Mass
transport modes are completely absent making Khartoum unable to meet citizens’ mobility
demand. Thus, passengers facing long time delays in transport stations. Slow traffic speeds
and severe traffic jams result in long trip periods, high traffic accidents rates and high
suspended particulate concentrations accumulating in the air. Negligence of public transport
systems integration into land use plans and urban structure restructuring difficulty crippled
public transport revitalization for no space is left for mass transport infrastructure
construction. Moreover, transport systems’ operation mismanagement and focus on economic
development increased pressure on transport systems.

1.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CHAPTER 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA
2.1 DATA MANAGEMENT
2.1.1. PRESENT CONDITION

1. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

PRESENT AND PROJECTED POPULATION

As per the data from the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) year 2014-2023 of Lubao,
by using the AAGR of 1.84 percent (2000 to 2010) and an average household size of 5
(2010), it is estimated that Lubao will have a population of 191,190 and approximately
39,381 households at the end the planning period (2023). It is expected that the municipality
will double its 2010 population after 9 years (2049).

TABLE 2.1.1.1 Historical Population Growth (2000-2025)

Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

Year Population No. Of Households

2000 125,699 23,446
2010 150,843 30,169
2011 153,619 32,003
2012 156,446 32,593
2013 159,325 33,193
2014 162,257 33,804
2015 165,243 34,426
2016 168,283 35,059
2017 171,379 35,704
2018 174,532 36,361
2019 177,743 37,730
2020 181,013 37,711
2021 184,344 38,405
2022 187,736 39,112
2023 191,190 39,831
2024 194,708 40,564

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 2025 198,291 41,311

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Lubao’s labor force as per projected 2013 population was about 105,826 (15
years and over of age) individuals for which the Labor Force Participation Rate
(based from the NSO Report dated April 2014, Philippine estimates) was 63.5% or
67,200. Using the employment rate, the NSO derived for region 3 which was
91.4%, it was assumed that 61,421 individuals were gainfully employed while
5,779 people were jobless. Underemployment registered for Central Luzon Region
was 13.5%, from which 9,072 persons were estimated to be underemployed in
Lubao.

TABLE 2.1.1.2 Labor Force and Employment based from NSO Survey (2014)
Philippines Central Luzon Lubao
Population 15 years and 63,773,000 7,150,000 105,826
over
Labor Force Participation 65.2% 63.5% 67,200
Rate
Employment Rate 93% 91.4% 61,421
Unemployment Rate 7% 8.6% 5,779
(8.7%)
Underemployed 18.2% 13.5% 9,072
Source of
Basic Data: Philippine Statistic Authority, NSO

In 2014, based from statistics, the number of workers in Lubao under the
Services sector were the highest, Agriculture workers were the next, while those
on the industrial sector were the smallest in number.

TABLE 2.1.1.3 Employed by Industry Group (2014)

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 Philippines Central Luzon Lubao
Industry
Rate (%) Rate (%) No. of persons
Agriculture 30.7 30.7 21,183
Industry 16.5 16.5 11,385
Services 52.8 52.8 36,431
Source of Basic Data: Philippine Statistic Authority, NSO

URBAN-RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Lubao has 44 barangays, wherein 18 of them are classified by the psa as

urban, while the rest are rural. In census year 2010, Lubao recorded a population of

150,843. Barangay Sta. Cruz and San Roque Dau 1st were the most populous
barangays with 10.30% and 7.67% of the municipal population. Less populated
were barangays Sto. Cristo (0.42%), San Matias (0.80%), Sta. Maria (0.83%), San
Jose Apunan (0.82%) and the island barangays Bancal Sinubli (0.50%), and Bancal
Pugad (0.43%).

TABLE 2.1.1.4 Urban and Rural Population (2020)

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 Barangay Urban/Rural Population Census
(2020)
1. Balantacan RURAL 2,492
2. BancalSinubli RURAL 800
3. BancalPugad RURAL 1,374
4. Calangain RURAL 2,975
5. Concepcion URBAN 8,473
6. Del Carmen RURAL 2,132
7. De La Paz RURAL 1,636
8. Don Ignacio Dimson URBAN 5,703
9. Lourdes (Lauc Pau) URBAN 7,084
10. Prado Siongco URBAN 4,440
11. Remedios URBAN 4,481
12. San Agustin RURAL 2,796
13. San Antonio RURAL 3,127
14. San Francisco URBAN 5,643
15. San Isidro RURAL 4,197
16. San Jose Apunan URBAN 1,138
17. San Jose Gumi RURAL 2,334
18. San Juan RURAL 2,586
19. San Matias URBAN 1,369
20. San Miguel RURAL 2,940
21. San Nicolas 1st (Pob.) URBAN 3,242
22. San Nicolas 2nd URBAN 1,860
23. San Pablo 1st RURAL 1,575
24. San Pablo 2nd RURAL 1,860
25. San Pedro Palcarangan RURAL 4,002
26. San Pedro Saug RURAL 1,811
27. San Rafael (Baruya) URBAN 4,425
28. San RoqueArbol RURAL 3,405
29. San RoqueDau 1st URBAN 12,955
30. San Vicente RURAL 1,391
31. Sta. Barbara RURAL 2,120
32. Sta. Catalina URBAN 5,648
33. Sta. Cruz URBAN 17,700
34. Sta. Lucia RURAL 2,535
35. Sta. Maria RURAL 1,698
36. Sta. Monica URBAN 6,006
37. Sta. Rita RURAL 2,956
38. Sta. Tereza 1st RURAL 3,606
39. Sta. Tereza 2nd(Lambiki) RURAL 4,255
40. Santiago RURAL 4,575
41. Sto. Cristo URBAN 1,137
42. Sto. Domingo URBAN 4,525
43. Sto. Nino (Prado Saba) RURAL 3,852
44. Sto. Tomas URBAN 5,983
TOTAL 181,013
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Source of Basic Data: Philippine Statistic Authority, NSO

POPULATION DENSITY

The municipality has a land area of 163.1 square kilometers which constitutes 7.78% of
Pampanga's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 188,818. This
represented 7.12% of the total population of Pampanga province, or 1.40% of the overall
population of the Central Luzon region. Based on these figures, the population density is
computed at 1,157 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Location Population Area Population Density

Lubao 188,818 163.1 sqkm 1,157/sqkm
Pampanga 2,500,000 2,165.6 sqkm 1,132/sqkm
Central Luzon 10,700,000 20,960 sqkm 509.6/sqkm
Philippines 97,000,000 295,814 sqkm 327.9/sqkm
TABLE 2.1.1.5 Population Density by Population and Area

Source of Basic Data: Philippine Statistic Authority, NSO

GROWTH TRENDS

The population of Lubao grew from 125,699 in 2000 to 173,502 in 2020, an increase of
19,063 people over the course of 20 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a positive
growth rate of 1.61%, or an increase of 12,664 people, from the previous population of
160,838 in 2015.

Cencus Date Population Growth Rate

2000 MAY 1 125,699 2.97%
2007 AUG 1 143,058 1.80%
2010 MAY 1 150,843 1.95%
2015 AUG 1 160,838 1.23%
2020 MAY 1 173,502 1.61%
TABLE 2.1.1.6 Growth Rate (2000-2020)

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Source of Basic Data: Philippine Statistic Authority, NSO

HOUSEHOLD SIZE

The household population of Lubao in the 2015 Census was 160,838 broken down into
34,492 households or an average of 4.66 members per household.

Cencus Date Household Number of Average

Population Household Household Size
2001 May 1 125,681 23,446 5.36
2007 Aug 1 142,888 29,088 4.91
2010 May 1 150,699 31,477 4.79
2015 Aug 1 160,838 34,492 4.66
TABLE 2.1.1.7 Household Population (2015)

Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS

Based from the NSO records, the number of houses in 1980 almost doubled in
2000 (within the span of 20 years). Between the years 2000 to 2010, it is estimated
that the housing units increased by 23 percent or 5,441 against the figure in 2000.
ITEM 1980 1990 2000 2010
Households (HH) 12,637 16,986 23,446 32,219
Household Population 77,502 99,705 110,180 161,095
Housing Units (HU) 12,095 16,971 23,266 28,707
Occupied 11,894 16,635 23,266 28,707
Vacant 201 336 0 0
Ratio of HH to Occupied 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1
HU
Ratio of HH Population 7 6 5 6
to Occupied HU
Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

TABLE 2.1.1.8 Housing Situation for the Censal Years (1980-2010)

There are about 2,165 informal settlers in Lubao, notable of these are those in island
barangays. Others inhabit the endangered portion of dikes and creeks. Informal settlers in the
urban/poblacion area are mostly from far away provinces who find employment within the
municipality. Majority of the Informal settlers live in barong-barong made out of makeshift
materials.

TABLE 2.1.1.9 Housing Situation by Barangays (2010)

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 Number of Number of Backlog Housing Condition
Barangay Households Houses Number of Nipa and
Informal Barong-
Settlers barong
1. Balantacan 520 400 12 20 90
0
2. BancalPugad 385 185 20 29 29
0
3. BancalSinubli 140 105 35 22 1
4. Calangain 459 400 59 0 0
5. Concepcion 1145 1300 0 25 20
6. De La Paz 282 282 0 14 14
7. Del Carmen 398 403 0 0 0
8. Don Ignacio Dimson 1003 968 35 36 87
9. Lourdes (Lauc Pau) 1053 1052 1 24 16
10. Prado Siongco 748 846 0 0 0
11. Remedios 961 725 23 2 0
6
12. San Agustin 452 454 0 0 0
13. San Antonio 817 610 20 3 10
7
14. San Francisco 862 862 0 0 0
15. San Isidro 764 764 0 0 0
16. San Jose Apunan 281 267 14 0 0
17. San Jose Gumi 620 300 32 125 10
0
18. San Juan (Pob.) 648 488 16 16 47
0
19. San Matias 230 225 5 0 0
20. San Miguel 660 585 75 0 15
21. San Nicolas 1st 589 557 32 60 7
21. San Nicolas 2nd 406 393 13 54 35
23. San Pablo 1st 320 334 0 0 4
24. San Pablo 2nd 925 920 5 0 65
25. San Pedro Palcar 655 728 0 0 0
26. San Pedro Saug 283 260 23 0 0

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27. San Rafael (Baruya) 836 990 0 0 141
28. San RoqueArbol 616 616 0 0 185
29. San RoqueDau 2316 2003 31 152 71
3
30. San Vicente 389 343 46 114 34
31. Sta. Barbara 583 411 17 0 0
2
32. Sta. Catalina 750 810 0 130 150
33. Sta. Cruz 2959 2900 59 60 45
34. Sta. Lucia (Pob.) 407 390 17 15 15
35. Sta. Maria 232 189 43 10 10
36. Sta. Monica 900 890 10 380 30
37. Sta. Rita 620 580 40 300 66
38. Sta. Teresa 1st 546 584 0 0 0
39. Sta. Teresa 2nd 565 495 70 45 45
40. Santiago 746 656 90 0 0
41. Sto. Cristo 116 195 0 0 3
42. Sto. Domingo 710 710 0 0 10
43 Sto. Nino (PradoSaba) 539 488 51 0 0
44. Sto. Tomas (Pob.) 1484 1101 38 529 200
3
TOTAL 30,920 28,747 2,834 2,165 1,455
Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

2. PHYSICAL DATA

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-MACRO-SITE

POLITICAL BOUNDARIES

MAP 2.1.1.1 Political Map of Pampanga

Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga, is a province in the Central

Luzon region of the Philippines. Lying on the northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is
bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the east, Manila
Bay to the central-south, Bataan to the southwest and Zambales to the west.

AREA AND LAND USES

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 Pampanga is chiefly an agricultural province endowed with natural resources. It has
always been chosen as model area because of its vast and fertile land devoted to rice
production and other high value commercial crops. Of the total land area of 218,068 hectares,
138,707 hectares or 63.61 % is devoted to agricultural production.

CLIMATE

Pampanga has 2 (two) seasons – the dry and the rainy season (also called wet season).
The rainy season (approx. from May to October) can by defined into the “Rainy season with
a higher choice on Typhoon activities” and the pure “rainy season”. The dry season can by
defined into the dry summer and dry midsummer season

TEMPERATURE

FIGURE 2.1.1.1 Climograph

Source: meteoblue-data.com

Pampanga Likewise, "mean daily minimum" (solid blue line) shows the average
minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average
of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years.

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AREA

BARANGAY EST. LAND AREA % TO MUN. RANK IN

(HAS.) LAND AREA SIZE
1. Balantacan 204.00 1.30 29
2. BancalPugad 700.00 4.45 3
3. BancalSinubli 620.00 3.94 7
4. Baruya (San Rafael) 409.96 2.61 18
5. Calangain 563.25 3.58 9
6. Concepcion 547.00 3.48 11
7. De La Paz 446.00 2.84 13
8. Del Carmen 168.00 1.07 39
9. Don Ignacio Dimson 379.00 2.41 19
10. Lourdes (LaucPau) 226.00 1.44 27
11. Prado Siongco 854.16 5.43 1
12. Remedios 175.00 1.11 38
13. San Agustin 168.00 1.07 39
14. San Antonio 93.00 0.59 42
15. San Francisco 670.00 4.26 4
16. San Isidro 311.00 1.98 23
17. San Jose Apunan 200.00 1.27 30
18. San Jose Gumi 760.00 4.83 2
19. San Juan (Pob) 210.00 1.33 28
20. San Matias 195.00 1.24 33
21. San Miguel 615.00 3.91 8
22. San Nicolas 1st 178.00 1.13 36
23. San Nicolas 2nd 65.00 0.41 43
24. San Pablo 1st 420.00 2.67 16
25. San Pablo 2nd 413.00 2.63 17
26. San Pedro Palc. 235.00 1.49 26
27. San Pedro Saug 179.00 1.14 35
28. San Roque Ar. 450.52 2.86 12
29. San RoqueDau 370.00 2.35 20
30. San Vicente 155.00 0.99 40
31. Sta. Barbara 170.20 1.08 37
32. Sta. Catalina 443.59 2.82 14
33. Sta. Cruz 635.00 4.04 6
34. Sta. Lucia 116.00 0.74 41
35. Sta. Maria 186.430 1.18 34
36. Sta. Monica 430.00 2.73 15
37. Sta. Rita 240.00 1.52 25
38. Sta. Teresa 1st 197.00 1.25 32
39. Sta. Teresa 2nd 660.00 4.20 5

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40. Santiago 550.00 3.50 10
41. Sto. Cristo 198.00 1.26 31
42. Sto. Domingo 243.00 1.54 24
43 Sto. Nino 320.00 2.03 22
44. Sto. Tomas 362.00 2.30 21
TOTAL 15,731.11 100
TABLE 2.1.1.10 Barangay Land Areas and Percentage of Total Area (2010)

Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

Lubao comprises forty-four (44) barangays. The largest barangay is Prado

Siongco with approximately 854.16 hectares representing 5.43% of the municipal
land area, next is San Jose Gumi with 760 hectares comprising 4.83%; and third is
Bancal Pugad with 700 hectares comprising 4.45%. The last two barangays are
located along the coastal waters of Lubao while Bancal Pugad is an island
barangay. Land areas of the two barangays include municipal waters which is part
of the municipal land area. The smallest barangay is San Nicolas 1st, the town
proper, with only 65 hectares comprising only a mere 0.41% of the whole
municipal land area.

LAND USE

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LAND USE CATEGORIES 2014 Area 2023 Area Changes
(Has) (Has.) Inc./Dec. (Has.) Rate (%)

BUILT UP AREAS 2,353.00 3,329.52 976.52 41.50

General Residential 1,927.71 2,117.94
Socialized Housing 0 118.96
General Commercial 94.50 343.01
General Institutional 15.02 30.02
Industrial 20.00 180.98
Parks and Recreation 3.21 145.10
Open Space 28.21 50.21
Cemetery/Memorial Parks 46.33 51.33
Roads and Utilities 218.02 250.02
MRF/Waste Disposal Site 0 41.95
Agricultural 10,440.61 9,404.09 (1,036.51) (9.93)
Crop Production Area 9,167.49 8,123.47
Orchard 222.00 248.00
Inland Fishpond 1,004.62 756.62
Agro-Industrial 46.50 120.00
OTHER USES: 2,937.50 2,311.73 625.77 21.30
Brackish Fishpond 2,685.50 1,938.92
Quarry Area 252.00 252.00
Fish Port 0 4.71
No Build Zone 0 116.10
PLANNED UNIT 0 685.77 685.77
DEVELOPMENTS
PUD 1 (Sto. Nino) 0 57.50
PUD 2 (Prado Siongco, 0 459.00
PRADERA site)
PUD 3 (JASA) 0 169.27
TABLE 2.1.1.11 Land Use Classification (2014-2023)

Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

TOPOGRAPHY/ LANDFORM

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FIGURE 2.1.1.2 Elevation Map

Source: http:/en-ph.topographic-map.com

Lubao’s terrain is generally flat. Its elevation is between 0-3 meters only. Meanwhile
the southern portion of Lubao is part of the coastal area of the Pampanga province that’s why
it serves as the fishing ground of the municipality, with an elevation of 11 meters, its
northern-western portion has a steeper slope. The slope then changes to a western elevation
of 8 meters. The three island barangays along the coast of Pampanga Bay are located on the
southern section, where elevation increases and ranges from 3 to 0 meters.

WATER BODIES AND QUALITY

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MAP 2.1.1.9 Satellite Map of Lubao

Source: www.f4map.com

Vast area economically viable for fishing; it has both land and aquatic characteristics
that typifies wetlands. Wetlandsnaturally occur in low-lying areas that receive freshwater at
the ends of streams and rivers, or salt water from waves in coastal areas. This kind of
landscape is suitable for raising varietyof salt/fresh water fishes.

ORIENTATION ABOUT SOLAR PATHS AND WIND PATHS

NORTHEAST
MONSOON

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 6:00 AM
SOUTHWEST
MONSOON

SUN PATH
6:00 PM

VEGETATION

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FLORA

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Jungle Flame Ixora coccinea

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 Star Jasmine Trachelospermum
Blue Pea Clitoria ternatea
Tomato Solanum lycopersicum
Lubi-Lubi Ficus pseudopalma
Areca Palm Dypsis lutescens
Artic Snow Wrightia antidysentria
TABLE 2.1.1.12 Plant Species

FIGURE 2.1.1.3 Jungle Flame

FIGURE 2.1.1.4 Artic Snow

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FAUNA

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TABLE 2.1.1.12 Fish Species

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Milkfish Chanos chanos
Goby Gobiidae
Silver Perch Bidyanus bidyanus
Shrimp Caridea
Mud Crab Scylla serrata

FIGURE 2.1.1.5 Tilapia

FIGURE 2.1.1.6 Milkfish

3. SECTORAL DATA

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 LENGTH TYPE OF PAVEMENT (In Kms.)
CLASSIFICATION (In Kms.) CONCRETE ASPHALT UNPAVED
1. National 25.250 25.250 0 0
2. Provincial 15.250 15.250 0 0
3. Municipal 69.178 55.606 0 13.572
4. Barangay 62.281 23.416 1.195 37.670
5. Farm-to-Market Roads 70.278 10.416 1.810 58.322
TOTAL 242.237 129.668 3.005 109.564
TABLE 2.1.1.13 Road Classification

Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

The municipality has a total road length of 242.237 kilometers. This consisted
of 25.250 kilometers of national roads, 15.20 kilometers provincial roads, 69.18
kilometers municipal roads, 62.281 kilometers barangay roads and 70.278
kilometers of farm-to-market roads. Of these roads, 129.668 kilometers or 53.53
percent are concrete, 3.005 kilometers or a mere 1.2 percent are of asphalt, while
109.564 or 45.23 percent are still unpaved. Majority of the unpaved roads
measuring about 5
8.322 kilometers or 53.23 percent are farm-to-market roads.

GOVERNMENT CURRENT PRESCRIBED REQUIREMENT LACKING

HEALTH NUMBER RATIO 2014 2023 2014 2023
PERSONNEL
Rural Health 3 1:20,000 7 8 4 5
Unit
Health 3 1:20,000 7 8 4 5
Physicians
Nurses 3 1:20,000 7 8 4 5
Medical 2 1:20,000 7 8 5 5
Technologist
Sanitary 2 1:20,000 7 8 5 5
Inspector
Dentists 2 1:50,000 3 4 1 2
Midwives 29 1:5,000 30 35 1 6

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TABLE 2.1.1.14 Number of Health Personnel

There is sufficient number of health facilities in the municipality; the lack of

public health personnel is, however, supplemented by health services being
provided by private practitioners in the municipality and the Escolastica Romero
District Hospital Personnel.
Sources 2011 2012 2013
Tax Revenue P18,209,621 P18,496,780 P19,347,574
 Real Property Taxes 5,444,478 6,507,476 7,061,335
 Taxes on Businesses 11,886,653 10,997,218 11,249,861
 Others 898,490 992,087 1,036,379
Non-Tax Revenues 7,310,544 7,824,893 7,785,956
• Regulatory Fees 4,307,679 4,043,246 4,332,165
(Permit & Licenses)
• Service Income 1,491,500 1,515,986 1,592,635
• Business Income 1,511,365 1,572,065 1,520,045
• Other Income 0 693,596 341,111
External Sources 154,440,352 154,597,375 173,317,151
• Internal Revenue 154,440,352 150,252,921 171,057,168
Allotment (IRA)
• Other Shares from 0 2,344,454 2,259,983
National
• Grants/Aids/Donations 0 2,000,000 0
TOTAL P179,960,517 P180,919,049 P200,450,681
TABLE 2.1.1.15 Municipality Tax Income

Source: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF LUBAO (CLUP) YEAR 2014-2023

The income of the municipality amounted toP200,450,681 in 2013. Part of the

municipal income was sourced out from Real Estate Taxes, taxes on businesses
which were mostly agricultural businesses and Agri industries in the municipality.

The biggest income is from the Internal Revenue Allotment share from the
National Government. From year 2011 to 2013, the municipal government
increased its income by 11.39% or a difference of P20.490M. This steady increase
in income is an indicator of the developing economy.
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
3.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
3.1.1 IDENTIFICATION/ ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS

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The primary motivation for revitalizing the City of Lubao is to strengthen the local economy
and encourage higher standards of life throughout the whole municipality.
Providing safe and efficient transit for commuters while supporting the citizens, commercial
districts, workers, and public marketplaces that are essential to revitalization.

3.1.2 RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Following an analysis of the available facts, data, studies, and information, the researchers
can now make a final statement/s of the problem:

123124123523463463462341234124124

3.1.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

To effectively provide a solution to the stated problem of the project proposal, it is

recommended for the researchers to follow the standards and guidelines set by the National
Building Code of the Philippines especially in the rule 7 and 8 regarding development of
Socialized Housing, Commercial Buildings and Healthcare Facility; In addition, the
researchers maintain to the rules and regulations that the Philippine Fisheries Development
Authority has established for the construction of a Fish Port and Rescue Dock/ Boat Station.
The structure that needed to revitalize has to be raised in case of flooding.

3.2 SITE
3.2.1 BACKGROUND

Lubao Municipality has been chosen as the site for the "Walas Galubao" redevelopment
project. It is remarkable in that it contains fishponds and an agricultural area. And, because
the project will be built for the entire municipality rather than just one specific site location,
the researchers chose Lubao as their revitalization project because some of the
establishments, roads, industrial, commercial buildings, and so on needed to be revitalized in
order to strengthen the economy and have a better living on the said municipality.

3.2.2 SITE SELECTION

The researchers chose Lubao Pampanga to revitalize for many reasons compare to other
cities. During the research, gathering of data and surveying some residents Lubao, the office
suggested that some areas needed to be revitalized. However, there are certain areas in Lubao

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that the researchers are not allowed to intervene. So, the researchers decided to promote a
revitalization of the municipality such as;
Transportation- Transportation is necessary when traveling inside or outside the city. Lubao
is the gateway for public transportation for it has a main road (Jose Abad Santos Ave. Road)
where buses, jeepneys, and any other type of public transportation pass by. However due to
demand, terminals now are needed for better flow of transportation and to have proper
stopovers for travelers.
Utilities- Even though water and electricity provider do their best to accommodate the whole
city, there are still some instances that sudden outages of power and water occur.
Flood- When a storm surge occurs, some part of Lubao experience severe flooding,
especially to those low part of the city (Bancal Pugad, Bancal Sinubli, and Sta. Tereza 2 nd)
Roads- The roads are accident-prone due to a deficient amount of proper road signages and
stoplights on crossings.
Agricultures- Lubao is known for its agriculture and fisheries crops
Commercial Establishments – According to the CLUP of Lubao Municipality there is a
proposal for a commercial establishment that they want to build. So, the researchers grab the
opportunity for the development of the proposed establishments.

3.2.3 SITE ANALYSIS

MACRO SITE ANALYSIS

Geographical Location
The province of Pampanga has a land area of only 2,203 square kilometers, it is a small
portion of the central plain that stretches northward from Manila Bay to the Gulf of Lingayen.
Pampanga is divided geographically into three subsections.
The first is the mountainous region, which consists of Mount Arayat in the northeast and the
whole Zambales range on the western border, with Mount Pinatubo being the highest peak.
The Aeta people are the majority inhabitants of this region, and their primary means of
subsistence are hunting, gathering, and growing corn on the slopes.
The Pampanga River (Rio Grande de la Pampanga) borders the second section, which is
situated in the province's southwest and southern regions. The second section is bordered by
the Pampanga River (Rio Grande de la Pampanga) and its estuaries and is situated in the
southwest and southern regions of the province. The biggest body of water in the region, the
river flows south through the province's eastern regions and into Manila Bay

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The flat areas of the Central Luzon plains that have been used to grow sugar cane and rice are
covered in the third section.

Economy
Pampanga has the second largest river in Central Luzon. With this, fishing is one of the
leading industries in Pampanga. The Pampanga is a producer of tilapia, mudfish, cattle fish,
prawns, shrimp and crabs, and others from lakes and fish ponds.
Farming is also a primary industry of the province. Rice, sugar cane, and corn are the direct
products produced from farming. The area also has flourishing cottage industries
specializing in wood carving, furniture-making, guitars, quilts, and other handicrafts wherein
the export industries are taking place.
Throughout the year, the province of Pampanga produces Lanterns called parol to supply
different traders and markets in the Philippines and abroad. Pampanga is also known as the
home of the food process industries that produce pork and chicken tocino, hotdogs, hams,
corned beef, carabeef tocino, Tapa, or seasoned dried meat, organizes the Philippines
sausages.
Pampanga’s cuisine also contributes to the economy, with a well-known variety of food
choices from ordinary to exotic. The growing number of tourists, including Filipinos,
enjoyed the Kapampangan cuisine.

Topography
The Province of Pampanga (Kapampangan: Lalawigan ning Pampanga; Tagalog: Lalawigan
ng Pampanga) is the former name of the region. San Fernando City is the capital city. Even
though Angeles Metropolis is physically part of Pampanga, it is regarded as a first-class,
highly urbanized city and has operated separately from the province since its establishment.

Climate
Pampanga province has two different climates: rainy and dry. The rainy or dry season
typically begins in May and lasts until October, with the remainder of the year classified as
the dry season. The hottest months of the year are March and April, while the coldest months
are December through February. In the province of Pampanga, the wet season will last from
June to October, while the dry season will be from November to April.

MICRO SITE ANALYSIS

Size/Area
The municipality of Lubao is located in the western portion of Pampanga. It is bounded on
the northeast by the municipality of Guagua, on the west by the municipality of
Floridablanca, on the east by the municipality of Sasmuan, and on the south by the

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municipality of Hermosa, Bataan. Its geographical coordinates are 14° 56’ 26” North, 120°
36’ 4” East. Lubao has a total land area of 15,731.11 hectares which is 7.21 percent of the
whole land area of the Province of Pampanga. It is the 4th largest municipality in terms of
land size. With its 44 barangays, Prado Siongco is the largest which have 85.16 hectares
while San Nicolas only have 65 hectares, making it the smallest.

Broad plains constitute about 64.30% of the total land resources making it a prime
agricultural area. It has numerous small tributaries such as estuaries or creeks that end at the
Pampanga Bay. The southern portion of Lubao serves as the fishing ground of the town.

Climate
The municipality of Lubao’s annually temperature is 29.4ºC and it is 2.18% higher than
Philippines’s averages. Lubao typically receives about 93.46 millimeters of precipitation and
has 169.35 rainy days yearly.

Soil type
There are three types of soil in the municipality of Lubao: La Paz silt-fine sand (best for
growing crops such as rice, sugarcane and vegetables), Angeles coarse (best as quarry
materials which is gravel and sand) and hydrosol (best use for fishpond purposes and
mangroves).

Contour
Lubao’s terrain is generally flat. Its elevation is between 0-3 meters only. Meanwhile the
southern portion of Lubao is part of the coastal area of the Pampanga province that’s why it
serves as the fishing ground of the municipality, with an elevation of 11 meters, its northern-
western portion has a steeper slope. The slope then changes to a western elevation of 8
meters. The three island barangays along the coast of Pampanga Bay are located on the
southern section, where elevation increases and ranges from 3 to 0 meters.

Road Networks
The municipality is traversed by the Mc Arthur Highway (San Fernando-Guagua (Lubao
Road) and the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA) formerly the Gapan-San Fernando-
Olongapo Road. These two national roads form as the major trunkline and access of Lubao in
the entire Luzon. The Mc Arthur Highway serves as an access road to the north and south
Metro Manila; the JASA links the municipality with the eastern and western provinces in
Luzon: Aurora Nueva Ecija, Bataan and Zambales. Lubao can also be reached by banca or
motorboat through the coastal bay that link the municipality with the neighboring provinces
of Bataan and Bulacan. The municipality has a total road length of 242.237 kilometers. This
consisted of 25.250 kilometers of national roads, 15.20 kilometers provincial roads, 69.18
kilometers municipal roads, 62.281 kilometers barangay roads and 70.278 kilometers of
farm-to-market roads. Of these roads, 129.668 kilometers or 53.53 percent are concrete,
3.005 kilometers or a mere 1.2 percent are of asphalt, while 109.564 or 45.23 percent are still

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unpaved. Majority of the unpaved roads measuring about 58.322 kilometers or 53.23 percent
are farm-to-market roads.

Transportation
The primary form of public transportation for travel outside of the municipality is the bus.
These are the buses that travel from Bataan/Zambales to Metro Manila and vice versa. Due to
its location along a major highway, Lubao is reachable at all times. For the comfort of
passengers, buses frequently stop throughout the JASA sector. Jeepneys are another intra-
LGU means of transportation. There are four jeepney terminals strategically placed across
Lubao: two in Barangay San Nicolas proper, one on the Mc Arthur Highway, one along the
JASA, and one on the Lubao-Guagua-San Fernando old route. Tricycles frequently travel
barangay roads and in places where jeepney service is insufficient. Although there isn't a
legal tricycle transport terminal, there are informal terminals scattered throughout the
municipality and in each barangay.

Water Supply
The Lubao Water District provides Level III water system to 13 barangays Majority of the
31,916 Level III water connections are supplied to residential houses while the rest are
distributed to 1,378 commercial and 137 government establishments. About 73 percent of the
total households of Lubao are being served by the Lubao Water. Aside from Lubao Water
District, most barangays of Lubao are also served with Level III water system operated by
private entities such as those in subdivisions and resettlement areas. Water is pumped into
overhead tanks and distributed to every household. The rest of the households in the other
barangays have access to Level I water system; some households maintain this kind of water
supply in support of existing level 3 systems.

Power Supply
Electrification in Lubao is being supplied by PELCO II (Pampanga Electric Cooperative II)
in all forty-four barangays. As of year 2013, out of the total 31.609 households, 25,205 were
provided with electrical connections; this registered 90% electrical coverage. The remaining
households utilize kerosene, oil or any other form of lighting.

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3.2.4 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES

1. Rich in agriculture (farm and 1. It is in a coastal area

fisheries crops)  Seafood exporter
2. Location wise for its accessibility  Can attract tourism
such as main roads, barangay roads 2. Rise of economy.
and expressways. 3. Festivals (Sampaguita, Hot air
3. Accessible to nearby cities balloon and etc.) that can captivate
4. Has cultural, natural and historical tourists.
attractions. 4. Potential place for public
recreational spots.

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 WEAKNESSES THREATS

1. Frequent flooding of some low 1. Natural hazards brought by

areas. earthquakes and typhoons.
2. Lack of transportation’s terminal.
3. Numerous of accident due to lack of
proper road signage and stoplights.
4. Many problems in utilities specially
electricity.

3.2.5 BASELINE STUDIES

PHYSICAL DATA:

POLITICAL MAP OF PAMPANGA: POLITICAL MAP OF LUBAO:

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The municipality of Lubao is located in the western portion of Pampanga. Its borders are as
follows: the municipality of Sasmuan to the east, the municipality of Guagua to the northeast,
the municipality of Floridablanca to the west, and the municipality of Hermosa, Bataan to the
south. With a total land area of 15,731.11 hectares, Lubao makes up 7.21 percent of the
Province of Pampanga. In terms of total land area, it is the fourth largest municipality. Prado
Siongco, with its 44 barangays, is the largest, covering 85.16 hectares, while San Nicolas,
with only 65 hectares, is the smallest.

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EXISTING ZONING URBAN LANDUSE MAP:

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PROPOSED ZONING GENERAL LANDUSE MAP:

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FLOOD HAZARD MAP:
Being partly along coastal wetland, the municipality of Lubao is always submerged in flood
during rainy season. Improved flood control drainage recently reduced the occurrence and
degree of flooding in the municipality and nearby areas. However, due to its low elevation
there is a tendency to aggravate flooding in the future years.

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LIQUEFACTION HAZARD MAP:
Gradual liquefaction or subsidence in the lowest elevation of the municipality is also one of
the major concerns of the municipality. As predicted by scientists and authorities, the
possibility of some island barangays to be eradicated is not remote. Liquefaction and gradual
subsidence of certain low-lying islands is a result of combined global warming and increasing
period of unstable weather conditions.

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VOLCANIC HAZARD MAP:
Future occurrence of volcanic eruption, will not inflict lahar damage to the municipality as it
was during the recent eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. However, sedimentation is likely to affect
and take place in some areas particularly along the Gumain River.
Lubao is bisected by a main Pinatubo River channel called the Gumain-Poracriver. During
the lahar year of 1992, when the said channel was still active and positive in deposition
content, the fishponds and portions of the residential areas of Sta. Catalina and San Jose
Gumi were ravaged. Likewise, flashfloods and inundation were experienced in low lying
areas of the Municipality. At present, the Gumain-Porac river was confirmed by the
PHIVOLCS as having zero lahar deposition content which makes it a non-potent river basin
as far as lahar activity is concerned.

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TSUNAMI HAZARD MAP:
In cases of storm surge, the southern tip of the municipality, which is at the mouth of Manila
Bay is exposed to inundation of about 1 to 4 meters. Island barangays will be mostly affected
(Bancal Pugad, Bancal Sinubli and Sta. Tereza 2nd).

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3.2.6 FACTORS AND ISSUES RELEVANT TO THE SITE
A. PHYSICAL DATA
1. Soil
There are three types of soil in the municipality of Lubao: La Paz silt-fine sand (best
for growing crops such as rice, sugarcane and vegetables), Angeles coarse (best as
quarry materials which is gravel and sand) and hydrosol (best use for fishpond
purposes and mangroves).

2. Water
Surface Water

The waterways of Lubao are Porac Gumain River, Sibul River, Sangca Balas River,
Malagulu River, Macabacle River, Balas Maragul River, Biwas River, Matunas River,
Becuran River, Pinanganakan River, Pangasinan River, Bangcal River, Sebitanan
River and Lubao Diversion Channel. All the rivers that mention drain into Pampanga
Bay.

Ground Water
Pampanga offers an extensive groundwater reservoir, which serves as a residential
water supply. Water pumps or the building of wells are used to extract groundwater.
Even though the Local Water District serves the majority of inside barangays, some
homes still utilize water pumps for consumption. The majority of coastal barangays
rely on water pumps for household use, even if some of these pumps are unfit for
drinking since saltwater intrusion has left the groundwater in these regions a
saltwater.

Water Quality
Lubao's water quality has continuously grew worst as a result of uncontrollable
dumping of residential, and agricultural pollutants into the streams. This current status
is also linked to insufficient drainage infrastructure and the discharge of untreated
residential wastewater due to insufficient wastewater collection, treatment, and
disposal facilities.

3. Topography

The topography within 2 miles of Lubao contains only modest variations in elevation,
with a maximum elevation change of 135 feet and an average elevation above sea
level of 18 feet. Within 10 miles also contains only modest variations in elevation
(479 feet). Within 50 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (6,834 feet).

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4. Climate

Temperature
In Lubao the wet season is overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy, and it is hot and
oppressive year-round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies
from 72° to 96° and is rarely below 69°F or above 99°F.

Base on the beach/ pool score, the best time of the year to visit Lubao for hot-weather
activities is from early December to early April.

Humidity
The muggier period of the year lasts for 9.9 months, from March 5 to January 2,
during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 80%
of the time. The month with the muggiest days in Lubao is August, with 31.0 days
that are muggy or worse.

The month with the fewest muggy days in Lubao is February, with 21.2 days that are
muggy or worse.

Precipitation
The drier season lasts 7.1 months, from October 14 to May 19. The month with the
fewest wet days in Lubao is February, with an average of 1.5 days with at least 0.04
inches of precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow
alone, or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Lubao is
August, with an average of 22.8 days. Based on this categorization, the most common
form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 75%
on August 13.

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5. Ecology
In 2010, Lubao had 2.16 kha of tree cover, extending over 13% of its land area. In 2019,
it lost < 1 ha of tree cover, equivalent to 21.5 t of CO₂ emissions.

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Aquino – Catacutan – Ramos Page 45 of 51
6. Man Made Structures

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3.2.7 DESIGN PROPOSAL
The foundation of the design proposal is we the researchers intend to strengthen the weakest
part or area that needed to revitalize. The proposal was also to improve the flow and living in
the municipality of Lubao. The proposal is to revitalize the following:
 Sta. Cruz Public Market – Due to a shortage of space, the market is not walkable.
The vendors are disorganized, they sell in the road where the people can walk.
 San Roque Bus Terminal – After the Pandemic ends, the Bus Terminal in San Roque
stop functioning because of its budget. The proposal is to give new life of the terminal
and give it a new face.
 Commercial Building - Giving the commercial building on Lubao's commercial route
a new face and new life will help improve and grow the city's economy.
 Perimeter of Lubao Municipal Hall – Giving a life of the perimeter of municipal hall
of Lubao by putting a gazebo, seating area, proper parking slots and landscaping to
attract more visitors of the municipal hall.
 Socialized Housing - Housing units that are affordable to the typical and low-income
earner and cost thirty percent (30%) of the overall family income.
 Health Care Facility – Lubao is lack of healthcare facility so the researchers intend to
develop a health care facility to supplement the revitalization for Lubao.
 Fish Port - to promote the fish industry, and an operating foundation for the viable
and sustainable conduct of the fishing business.
 Solar Panel Power Plant - Solar panels are a type of renewable energy that is
generated by the sun. So that Lubao can have clean energy that can provide
electricity to its citizens.
 Rescue Dock/ Boat Station – During rescue operations and to assist communities in
the coastal area in distress during typhoons and floods.
 Road Networks – Widening the road networks along Jose Abad Santos Avenue inside
of the municipality of Lubao to have a fat travel and safety environment for the
residents of the said municipality.

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CHAPTER 4: SYNTHESIS
4.1 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
“Recognizing the needs is the primary condition for design” – Charles Eames

4.2 DESIGN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The primary goal of the study is to revitalize the City of Lubao Pampanga.
Objective 1:
 Encourage an urban environment that supports healthy, active living.
Objective 2:
 Reveal the features of the natural and urban landscape that contribute to Seattle’s
unique identity and sense of place.
Objective 3:
 Establish a vocabulary of elements that integrate well with the urban context and that
enhance its legibility.
Objective 4:
 Lessening the cause of traffic.
Objective 5:
 Preventing the accidents by putting a traffic sign such as, signages, stoplights, and
cautions.

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4.3 DESIGN CONCEPTS
Lubao is a coastal municipality in the province of Pampanga. The city is known for its fishes
such as tilapia, bangus, etc. Fishponds, rivers and ponds are highly present in Lubao specially
in the southern part, these water forms are the primarily source of income Lubao's fishermen
and food for some of the residents. "Oreochromis Niloticus" or tilapia in tagalog is a type of
fish and one of the most exported fish products. We revitalize the city by including
establishments/structures that are mostly inspired by the shape of the tilapia, this is to remind
the Lubaeños (residents of Lubao) and future tourists on what Lubao is famous and rich for.

4.4 SUSTAINABILITY MEASURE

Noise and Vibrations
All noise and vibration-producing machinery in the city are enclosed by a building and
provide effective noise-absorbing materials, noise silencers and mufflers, an open yard of a
distance not less than twenty (20) meters from the street or adjoining property lines and
property planted with dense trees as buffers.

Smoke
There are just only few smoke-emitting sources in Lubao due to the absence of factories and
industrial structures

Odors and Gases

The emission of foul odors and gases hazardous to public health, safety and general welfare
are not permitted on the city of Lubao.

Industrial Waste
Lubao is generating an average of sixty-three cubic meters (63 cu. m) or twenty-six tons of
household and commercial waste. Before Lubao’s MRF was constructed, it was an open
dumpsite. It was an awful sight, looked more like the notorious Smokey Mountain of Manila.
Flies were everywhere and it puts everyone at risk because of air pollution, water table
contamination and disease transmission.

Water Quality
Lubao Water District provide the people of Lubao with safe, sufficient and affordable
drinking water, Lubao Water District being an active partner in the improvement of the
quality of life in Lubao. Our Vision 24/7 access to potable water in every household in
Lubao.

Air Quality

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The air quality is generally acceptable for most individuals in the city. However, sensitive
groups may experience minor to moderate symptoms from long-term exposure.

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REFERENCES

Gomez, R. A. (2022). Revitalization of Downtown Manila: Urban Design and Placemaking

for Inclusive Streets (Doctoral dissertation, Pratt Institute).

Alpopi, C., & Manole, C. (2013). Integrated urban regeneration–solution for cities
revitalize. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 178-185.

Ramlee, M., Omar, D., Yunus, R. M., & Samadi, Z. (2015). Revitalization of urban public
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