pusly had or ace taking additional math courses, includ geummetty, In this section, definitions and applications of te introduce to the extent necessary to support application. vometry will be emphasized. Theory will Definitions The followin crms are essential to the understanding af the application of geometical principles. Figure 1-7 pro- ies graphic examples of the terms, Point. A point has no length, breadth, or thickness but has only position, Line, A line has no breadth or thickness but has length, Sur breadth, re. A surface has no thickness but has length and Plane, or plane surface. A plane, or plane surface, may be defined in several ways, as follows: L.A surface such that a straight Tine that joins any two Of its points lies wholly in that surface. 2. A two-dimensional extent of zero curvature, 3. A surface any intersection of which by a like surface isa straight line, Solid. A solid, inthe geometric sense, has theee dimensions, thatis, length, breadth, and thickness, Lines The following terms describe uitferent types of lines; Straight line. A line having the same direction throughout its Length. If a portion of a straight line is placed so that both ends fall within the ends of the other part, the por- tion must lie wholly within the line Equal lines. Two lines dire equal if when placed one upon the other, theirends cart be made to coincide. Curved line. A line which continuously changes direction, Broken A line consisting of « number of different straight lines lel Lines. Lines in the same plane which can never in lersect no matter how far they are extended, Angles The following terms are used to define and describe angles, Figure [-8 provides illustrations t assist with understand: ing the definitions. Angle An a ic is the opening between wo stcaight lines drawn in ultferent directions trom the sare poin Acute angle. Ani which is less than a right ungle Right angle. An is, 0, Obtuse si which is one-fourth of a circle, that ngle. An angle of more than 90 raight angle. An angle whose sides form a straight line of 180° that is, an a Bisector, A bisector is point, Hine, or surface which di vides an angle into two equal pacts. 7 tex of an angle, Te commun point from which the two sides of an angle proceed Adjacent angles. Two angles having a common side and the same verte. Vertical angles. Two angles with the same vertex and with sides that are profongations of the sides of each other Perpendicular line. A stright line which makes a 90° angle with another straight lie A common practice is to identify an eters. Most of the angles shown in F tilied by a three BOA. The ceater letter of the combination will be the one located at the vertex. Three different angles can be ident fied in the illustration of the adjacent angles: ADB, BOC sand AOC. By using the three-letter combination, the specific, tangle will be clearly identitied 6 by upper-case 8 can be iden! are etter combination as either a Shapes Circles. A circle is a closed curve, all portions of vic are inthe same plane and equidistant fom the same point (see Figure 1-9). The diameter of the circle is the length ofa straight Line passing through the center ofa circle and limited at each end by the circle. The radius of the cit- cle isa straight line from the center of the cirefe to th perimeter, The radius is equal to one-half the diameter. An cle are iy any portion of the cigcle. A a than 180°, while a minor arc is less than 180°, A semicircle is an are of 180°. A sector is the area within a circle bound ed by two rtulli and the are connecting the two radi, A jor are is one of more quadrant is 3 sector with an arc of 90°, A chord is any nacitcle, A seca straight line connecting wo points o ht line which intersects acirele. A tangent isa st fine of unlimited length which only has one point in com: mun with a circle, An inscribed angle in a citcle is an a A central tex is on the circle whose vertex is atthe center of the angle ngle is a an The eireumferenee of « civcle isthe length of the perime ter. The circumference can be computed by multiplying eel | FIGURE 1-7 Geometric terms, Geometry 15