4th International Conference on Economics

Education and Entrepreneurship

Universitas Sebelas Maret

DR. MURPHY P. MOHAMMED

Tarlac State University, Philippines

November 05, 2020

INTRODUCTION
Flooding is the most frequently experienced
phenomenon by any country, especially here in
Southeast Asia. Over the past several decades, the
frequency and the severity of flooding had significantly
increased. The socio-economic impact of flooding had
greatly affected major cities in Southeast Asia and in
many parts of the world.
The occurrence of monsoon rains and typhoons
with excessive rainfall can cause flooding in both urban
and rural areas. Excessive surface runoff can cause
breach on river dikes or levees which likewise can cause
flooding to low lying towns and villages.
Effect of rainfall
In general, rainfall has a positive and negative
effect to the society.

Positive Effect
- Use for irrigation, source of drinking water, power
generation, etc.

Negative Effect
- Flooding, landslide, damage to agriculture, etc.
Damage due to Flooding
Damage to property and agriculture, possible loss
of lives, economic activities impairment, as well as
hampering the mobility of people and goods are
encountered during flood events.

Flood in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2020 Flood in Bangkok, Thailand in 2011

 Country Year Damage Cost
(in US Dollars)
Thailand 2011 $ 45.7 billion
China 2020 $ 20.8 billion
India 2020 $ 13.4 billion
Myanmar 2008 $ 12.9 billion
Philippines 2013 $ 2.2 billion
Philippines 2012 $ 1.06 billion
Philippines 2014 $ 0.885 billion
Philippines 2018 $ 0.627 billion
Note: Damage caused by Typhoon and Flooding
Understanding Risks
Three aspects that should be present
Hazard - is a source or a situation with the potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health,
damage to property, damage to the environment, or
a combination of these.
Exposure - the chance that a particular community,
people, etc. may sustain damage to potential hazard.
Vulnerability - is defined as the diminished
capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope
with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural
or man-made hazard.
Understanding Flood Risks

Risk Level
-Low
-Moderate
-High
Negative Socio-Economic
Impacts of Floods
1. Loss of lives and property
2. Loss of livelihoods
3. Decreased purchasing and production power
4. Mass migration
5. Psychosocial effects
6. Hindering economic growth and development
7. Political Implications
Loss of lives and property
Immediate impacts of flooding include loss of
physical life, damage to property, destruction of
crops, loss of livestock, non-functioning of
infrastructure facilities and deterioration of health
condition owing to waterborne diseases.

Loss of livelihoods
As communication links and infrastructure are
damaged and disrupted, economic activities come to
a standstill, resulting in dislocation and the
dysfunction of normal life for a period much beyond
the duration of the flooding.
Decreased purchasing and production power
Damage to infrastructure also causes long-
term impacts, such as disruptions to clean water and
electricity, transport, communication, education
and health care. Production in agriculture,
manufacturing and other sectors may suffer due to
the direct impact of flooding or to physical inability
of the workforce to attend the workplaces.
Mass migration
Frequent flooding, resulting in loss of
livelihoods, production and other prolonged
economic impacts and types of suffering can trigger
mass migration or population displacement.

Psychosocial effects
The huge psychosocial effects on flood victims
and their families can traumatize them for long
periods of time. The loss of loved ones can generate
deep impacts, especially on children.
The provision for counseling is important.
Hindering economic growth and development
Recurrent flooding in a region may discourage
long-term investments by the government and
private sector alike.

Political Implications
Lack of development in flood-prone areas may
cause social inequity and even social unrest.
Flood Risk Reduction
Reducing the impact of flooding entails cost on
both the public and private sectors. The implementation
of structural and non-structural flood measures can be
done to lessen the level of risk of any flood event.
 Structural Flood Measures
(increased drainage capacity, construction of dams,
water detention facilities, etc.)
 Non-structural Flood Measures
(tree planting, floodplain zoning, flood forecasting and
warning, capacity development, evacuation process,
etc.)
Can we Eliminate Flooding?
In reality, we cannot eliminate the occurrence
of flooding. What we can do is minimize its extent
and gravity. In some circumstances, we need to
adopt our selves with such situation.
What can we do for our
business?
To safeguard our investments and properties
we can avail of an insurance to lessen the financial
burden brought by the untoward event. This is one
way of protecting our business and be able to
bounce back or recover quickly.
Role of the Education Sector
The mandates of higher educational
institutions are teaching, research, and community
service.
Teaching
- Teach the students of the different hazards and
how to minimized its impact.
Research
- Conduct research on solutions on how to minimize
the ill effect of the different hazards.
Community Service
- Extend to the community the knowledge generated
through research.
 “Education is the most
powerful weapon which you
can use to change the world”
– Nelson Mandela
Thank You!!!